Appendix A. List of indicators for waste management

The list of the 377 indicators synthesized from the 40 groups analyzed is

shown below. They are divided into five attributes: 1) technical aspects, 2)

public health, 3) social, 4) environment, and 5) economy. Each attribute

contains a table divided into:

A synthesis of the indicator, first, to avoid showing all the repetitions,

and, second, so as not to include the units (quantitative indicators) or

the responses (qualitative indicators) of the indicator, since each

author presents different scales.

Number of times the indicator was repeated during the analysis. In

some cases, the indicator was repeated within the same indicator set.

The original references from which the indicator was extracted for more

detailed queries.

The categories corresponding to each attribute, which are described at

the end of each table.

The component of the system to which the indicator belongs:

o A: Applicable to various components

o B: Generation

o C: Prevention

o D: Street cleaning

o E: Collection

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

12

o F: Transfer station

o G: Recovery and treatment

o H: Disposal

2

25

26

27

34

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Increase in generation 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 1,1 B

Amount of municipal waste per capita 23

(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(UNEP, 2005)(Hotta, 2014)(Guerrero et al., 2013)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b)(EUROSTAT, 2013)(Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FOEN, 2014) (OECD, 2013)(USAID et al., 1995)(MADSA, 2012)(Sakurai, 1983)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Wilson et al., 2015)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,1 B

Seasonal variability of household waste 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(MIMARM, 2010) 1,1 BPercentage of household waste within MSW 1 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,1 BHousehold waste separated for reuse and recycling 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 1,1 GGeneration rate of commercial/business waste 2 (UNEP, 2005)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 BGeneration rate of public waste (institutional, parks, markets) 2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 BGeneration rate of industrial waste 2 (UNEP, 2005)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 BIncrease in waste generation due to tourist pressure 4 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(USAID et al., 1995)(FEMP,

2008) 1,1 BCommercial/business waste collected 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 EInstitutional waste collected 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 EPark/public place waste collected 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 EMarket waste collected 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 EExtent of medical waste separation in healthcare centers 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,1 G

Total amount of hazardous waste generated 6

(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(UN-DESA, 2015)(Hotta, 2014) 1,1 B

Generation rate of waste by construction/demolition 2 (UNEP, 2005)(MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,1 BGeneration rate of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) 3 (EEA, 2015)(MAGRAMA, 2013)(Hotta, 2014) 1,1 BAmount of batteries and accumulators per year 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,1 BAmount of end-of-life vehicles per year 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,1 BAmount of end-of-life tires per year 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,1 BAmounts of waste edible oils and fats, and organic waste from kitchens 4 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 BAmount of packaging waste by type of material 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 BTotal amount of packaging waste per year 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,1 BGeneration rate of sludge from drain cleaning and wastewater treatment 2 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(UNEP and

CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 BTotal waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) collected 3

(EEA, 2015)(FOEN, 2014) 1,1 EAmounts of waste edible oils and fats collected 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 EAmounts of organic kitchen waste collected from households and food service activities

1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)1,1 E

Packaging waste from selective collection 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 1,1 EWaste glass collection rate 1 (FOEN, 2014) 1,1 EWaste paper collection rate 1 (FOEN, 2014) 1,1 EWaste collected for drain cleaning 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 EAmounts of separated/recycled paper and cardboard waste 5 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios,

2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,1 GAmounts of separated/recycled 2 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza 1,1 G

3

28

56

aluminum et al., 2011)

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Amounts of separated/recycled metal waste 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios,

2006)(SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b) 1,1 GWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) separated, reused and recycled

2 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(EEA, 2015)1,1 A

Recycling construction waste 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GAmounts of recovered/recycled packaging waste by type of material 3 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GAmounts of separated/recycled plastic and packaging waste 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios,

2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(ERSAR, 2013) 1,1 GAmounts of beverage packaging in circulation, depending on the packaging placed on the market

1 (FOEN, 2014)1,1 A

Amounts of separated/recycled glass 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,1 G

Amounts of fabrics recovered 1 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 1,1 GExtent of battery separation at the municipality level 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,1 GRecovery from waste edible oil and fat 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GExtent of organic/kitchen waste separation/recovery 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Slovenian Environment Agency,

2014) 1,1 GDisposal of waste edible oil and fat 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 HOrganic kitchen waste delivered to landfill 4 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 HRecovery of organic kitchen waste at a biogas facility 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 G

Relationship between income and waste generation 6

(SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(EEA, 2015)(MAGRAMA, 2013)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,1 B

Total municipal waste generated 12

(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FOEN, 2014)(MAGRAMA, 2013)(OECD, 2013)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Wilson et al., 2015)(Hotta, 2014)(Zaman, 2014) 1,1 B

Amount of waste generated by source 8(MacDonald, 1996)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(MAGRAMA, 2013)(UN-DESA, 2015)(Zaman, 2014)(Sartor, 1998) 1,1 B

Waste from street sweeping 2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,1 B

At-source separation and selective collection 10

(Guerrero et al., 2013)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(ERSAR, 2013)(MADSA, 2016)(Armijo et al., 2011)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 E

Composition of collected waste 3 (FOEN, 2014)(Armijo et al., 2011)(Zaman, 2014) 1,1 EWaste collected vs. solid waste generated 3 (USAID et al., 1995)(Armijo et al., 2011) 1,1 EComparison of tons collected vs. paid hours 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,1 E

Material recovery rate 6(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(USAID et al., 1995)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Armijo et al., 2011)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 G

Amount of recycled waste 19

(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b)(UNSD, 2011)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(ERSAR, 2013)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FOEN, 2014)(OECD, 2013)(MADSA, 2016)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Wilson et al., 2015)(UN-DESA, 2015)(Hotta, 2014)(Nicolli, 2012)(Zaman, 2014) 1,1 G

Total amounts of waste recovery 9 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(OECD, 2013)(Zaman, 2014) 1,1 G

Percentage of hazardous waste from the city that is recycled 1 (AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015) 1,1 G

Waste to energy 6 (EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FOEN, 2014)(OECD, 2013)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 G

Amount of waste handled/treated at the resource recovery facility 7 (UNEP, 2005)(ERSAR, 2013)(JICA, 2015)(Zaman, 2014) 1,1 G

4

29

30

78

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Municipal waste composted 10(Guerrero et al., 2013)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(UNSD, 2011)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(ERSAR, 2013)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(OECD, 2013)(MADSA, 2016) 1,1 G

Waste recovery: used for the production of solvents 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GWaste recovery: used for fuel or energy 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GWaste used as fuel (municipal, services and production, hazardous) 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,1 GNumber and estimated throughput of recovery facilities per total population 2 (EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FEMP, 2008) 1,1 G

Recycling rate by products 12

(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(FOEN, 2014)(USAID et al., 1995)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Bringhenti et al., 2011) 1,1 G

Percentage of biodegradable waste disposed of in landfill 1 (Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 H

Amounts of waste disposed in an uncontrolled manner 4

(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 H

Waste disposed in landfill 10

(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(UNSD, 2011)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(ERSAR, 2013)(OECD, 2013)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Nicolli, 2012)(Sartor, 1998) 1,1 H

Type of waste disposed in landfills 4(Guerrero et al., 2013)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(EPA, 2015a)(EPA, 2015b)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 1,1 H

Disposal of non-municipal waste 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 1,1 H

Waste treated before disposal 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 G

Other disposal operations 3 (AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)(OECD, 2013) 1,1 H

Amounts of waste incinerated without energy recovery 7 (UNSD, 2011)(Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014)

(ERSAR, 2013)(OECD, 2013)(Nicolli, 2012) 1,1 HProportion of the waste stream managed with method t 2 (MacDonald, 1996) 1,1 AAmounts of waste incinerated (with+without energy recovery) 4 (AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(FOEN, 2014)

(OECD, 2013) 1,1 AAmount of waste processed by each facility 2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,1 AControlled treatment, recovery and disposal operations 4 (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009)(UN-

HABITAT, 2010)(Wilson et al., 2015)(UN-DESA, 2015) 1,1 A

Total waste collected 11(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(UNSD, 2011)(ERSAR, 2013)(MIMARM, 2010)(FEMP, 2008)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(UN-DESA, 2015)(JICA, 2015) 1,1 E

Paper reused within the municipality 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,2 CGlass bottles reused within the municipality 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,2 CReusable materials 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 1,2 CDegree of purity of separated materials 3 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,2 EPercentage of recyclable waste in regular garbage collection 9 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)(Armijo et al., 2011)

(Bringhenti et al., 2011)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,2 EEfficiency of selective collection system 4 (MIMARM, 2010)(Zaman, 2014)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,2 GTreatment facility rejection rate 1 (FEMP, 2008) 1,2 GOutput of compost per ton of waste 2 (FEMP, 2008)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,2 GPercentage of rejection material generated 1 (Munizaga, 2016) 1,2 GRecycling efficiency 3 (Armijo et al., 2011)(Bringhenti et al., 2011)(Zaman, 2014) 1,2 GAmount of product generated by each facility 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,2 A

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

5

31

32

910

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Amount of residue generated by each facility 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,2 ANo. of buildings (housing, institutions, etc.) 1 (Zaman, 2014) 1,3 A

Street sweeping coverage 10(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(USAID et al., 1995)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)(Sakurai, 1983) 1,3 D

Total length of road network 1 (Zaman, 2014) 1,3 DContainer/recycling centers: maximum distance from house 2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,3 E

Waste collection coverage 32

(UNEP, 2005)(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(MacDonald, 1996)(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(UNSD, 2011)(Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009)(USAID et al., 1995)(MADSA, 2016)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Sakurai, 1983)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(UN-HABITAT, 2010)(Wilson et al., 2015)(JICA, 2015)(Armijo et al., 2011)(Bringhenti et al., 2011)(Guimarães et al., 2010)(Sartor, 1998)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,3 E

61112

Households with undifferentiated waste collection service 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 1,3 ETransfer service coverage related to waste generated / collected 3 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza

et al., 2011) 1,3 FRecovery coverage related to generation/collection 3 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(BSWMA, 2015a)

(BSWMA, 2015b) 1,3 GPopulation in service area 1 (Zaman, 2014) 1,3 A

Coverage of final disposal 8 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)(Sakurai, 1983) 1,3 H

Waste density 2 (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 A

Waste properties (density, moisture cont. & chemical comp.) 1 (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 AWaste moisture content 2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 AChemical composition (N, C, P, Ca, K, etc.) 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 AHigher and lower calorific values 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 ANumber of mechanical sweepers per capita 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,4 DConsumption of bags and brooms 3 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 DNumber of reuse centers in operation 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 1,4 CNumber, type and location of containers 15 (ERSAR, 2013)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Zaman,

2014) 1,4 E

Size or capacity of containers 6 (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009)(ERSAR, 2013)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Zaman, 2014) 1,4 E

Fill level / overflow of containers 5 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)(MIMARM, 2010)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 1,4 E

Adequate and sufficient infrastructure for specific waste streams 2 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 1,4 A

Mean frequency of collection 13

(UNEP, 2005)(Guerrero et al., 2013)(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(FEMP, 2008)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Bringhenti et al., 2011)(Guimarães et al., 2010)(Zaman, 2014)(Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 E

Installed capacity of waste collection vehicles 5

(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (ERSAR, 2013) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 E

Types of vehicles for collection and transport 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (UNEP

and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 E

Amount of equipment for transport 6 (UNEP, 2005) (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (ERSAR, 2013) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 E

Age of the fleet used for collection 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 EAverage downtime 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 EEffectiveness of waste collection vehicles 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 E

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Efficiency and quality of the SW collection system 18

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (ERSAR, 2013) (MIMARM, 2010) (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008)(Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (Wilson et al., 2015) (JICA, 2015) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 E

Collection productivity 6 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 E

Quality of the road(s) for SW collection 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,4 EStructured collection system for SW available in the community 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,4 E

Population served per vehicle 3 (UNEP, 2005) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 E

Collection equipment maintenance efficiency 3 (Sakurai, 1983) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (USAID et

al., 1995) 1,4 E

Container maintenance, washing, and vandalism 7

(ERSAR, 2013) (FEMP, 2008) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 E

The methods/practices for MSW collection do not hinder/ prevent the efficient use of resources

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)1,4 E

7

33

1314

Are the systems for the transfer and bulk transportation of hazardous waste to the centralized treatment facility sufficiently developed?

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)

1,4 FNumber of transfer stations 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) 1,4 FCapacity of transfer vehicles per trip or day 3 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Paraguassú and

Rojas, 2002) 1,4 FOperation rate of transfer station 3 (JICA, 2015) 1,4 FImprovement in treatment efficiency 1 (JICA, 2015) 1,4 GWaste density (in the transfer unit) 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 FSchedule for waste collection at transfer station(s) accomplished 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 FInstalled capacity in composting plants 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 1,4 GFacilities to store, treat, process, and/or export hazardous waste exist and work properly

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)1,4 G

Installed capacity for processing specific waste streams 2 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 1,4 GSpare parts and other materials 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 GWaste treatment facilities comply with modern standards of design and operation

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)1,4 G

Quality of compost controlled 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,4 GEfficiency of recovery and recycling plants 5 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (FEMP, 2008)

(Fragkou et al., 2010) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 GOperation rate of the resource recovery facility 3 (JICA, 2015) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 G

Number of treatment, processing, and resource recovery facilities 7

(Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (EUROSTAT, 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 G

Recycling points or companies 5(Guerrero et al., 2013) (EUROSTAT, 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 G

Energy recovery incinerators 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 1,4 G

Number of composting and digestion plants 5

(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (EUROSTAT, 2013) (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) (ERSAR, 2013) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 1,4 G

Ways of disposal by the population 1 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,4 H

Waste disposal 15

(UNEP, 2005) (SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b) (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) (ERSAR, 2013) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) (FOEN, 2014) (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Zaman, 2014) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 H

Existence of official disposal site 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) (MADSA, 2016) 1,4 H

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Existence of well-engineered disposal site 6

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (SEMARNAT, 2013a)(SEMARNAT, 2013b) (EUROSTAT, 2013) (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 H

Number of illegal dumping sites 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (JICA, 2015) (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 HNumber and location of other types of waste disposal 1 (Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014) 1,4 HWaste density in sanitary landfill 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 H

Lifespan of landfill 9(UNEP, 2005) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (MADSA, 2016) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (UN-DESA, 2015) (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 H

Average distance from generation source to disposal site 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (MacDonald, 1996) 1,4 H

Performance of landfill 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 H

Equipment list 3 (UNEP, 2005) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 HThe operating rate of the equipment at the disposal site 3 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (JICA, 2015) (Munizaga,

2016) 1,4 HWaste covered at disposal site 5 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (JICA, 2015) (Zaman, 2014) 1,4 HImprovement in the condition of the disposal site 2 (Wilson et al., 2015) (JICA, 2015) 1,4 A

8

34

1516

There are enough facilities for the disposal of waste in an environmentally appropriate way

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)1,4 H

Number of incinerators without energy recovery 3 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (EUROSTAT, 2013) (ERSAR,

2013) 1,4 HInstalled capacity of incineration (without energy recovery) 1 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,4 HPerformance of tires 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 1,4 AEfficiency of preventive maintenance of solid waste management equipment

1 (Sakurai, 1983)1,4 A

Installed capacity of incineration (with or without energy recovery) 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 1,4 ANumber of large, medium and small enterprises involved in solid waste management

1 (USAID et al., 1995)1,4 A

Amount of equipment available to manage SW 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,4 ANumber of municipal waste treatment and disposal facilities 1 (UN-DESA, 2015) 1,4 ADesign capacity for each facility 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 1,4 ASuitability of the infrastructure to manage SW 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,4 ACapacity of containers available per capita 4 (FEMP, 2008) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)

(Munizaga, 2016) 1,4 ECapacity of MSW energy recovery incinerators 1 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 1,4 G

Waste composition 9

(UNEP, 2005) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) (FOEN, 2014) (MADSA, 2012) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Wilson et al., 2015) (UN-DESA, 2015) 1,5 A

Weighing and recording of information 1 (MADSA, 2016) 1,5 AQuantity and quality of prevented and reused materials 4 (UN-HABITAT, 2010) (Wilson et al., 2015) (Zaman, 2014) 1,5 CWaste captured by the system (imports and exports) 8 (MADSA, 2012) (UN-HABITAT, 2010) (Wilson et al., 2015)

(UN-DESA, 2015) (Zaman, 2014) (Sartor, 1998) 1,5 APotential for the installation of separating plants 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 1,5 G

Informal recovery of materials 5 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Zaman, 2014) (Sartor, 1998) 1,5 A

Percentage of household waste outside the disposal site 1 (MADSA, 2016) 1,5 HMeasuring waste reduction, reuse, and recycling through industrial symbiosis

1 (Hotta, 2014)1,5 A

9

35

1718

ATTRIBUTE 1: Technical aspects (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Level of composting done by households 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 1,5 GRestaurant waste used to feed animals 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,5 GCompanies buying recyclable goods in the area surrounding the city 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 1,5 G

*1,1: Input 1,2: Output 1,3: Coverage 1,4: Facilities and equipment 1,5: Balance

10

36

37

1920

ATTRIBUTE 2: Public Health

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Streets used as transfer stations 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 2,1 FTons of domestic waste accumulated by individuals 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 2,1 ARisk to human health 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 2,1 GHuman health vulnerability / existence of vectors 4 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (MADSA, 2016) 2,1 AWaste littering the road while transported 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 2,1 EPopulation affected by waste-related diseases 2 (USAID et al., 1995) (Sartor, 1998) 2,1 ANumber of community health education programs 1 (USAID et al., 1995) 2,1 AExtent of waste dispersed in the city 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 2,1 A

*2,1: Public health aspects

11

38

39

40

2122

ATTRIBUTE 3: Social

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Degree of implementation of the country's laws 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Munizaga, 2016) 3,1 A

Legislation on waste management 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Zaman, 2014) 3,1 A

Suitable and sufficiently developed legal framework 2 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Wilson et al., 2015) 3,1 AThe link between national MSWM legislation and local regulations is clear and fully articulated

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,1 A

Legal framework for specific waste streams 2 (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA,

2015b) 3,1 AMunicipal ordinances regarding waste 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (MADSA, 2016) 3,1 A

Application or number of sanctions 3 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 3,1 A

Practice, monitoring, and accomplishment of law enforcement 6 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (MADSA,

2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 3,1 AThe legislation, terminology, and standards are sufficiently developed and applied efficiently

3 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,1 A

Analysis of treated leachates to comply with legislation 3 (ERSAR, 2013) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,1 HDocumentation and normative requirements for disposal sites (ownership of the property, environmental impact assessment, etc.)

3 (MADSA, 2016) (Armijo et al., 2011)

3,1 H

Existence of economic instruments 5 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Zaman, 2014) 3,1 A

Compliance with work health and safety regulations 1 (MADSA, 2016) 3,1 APolicies to regulate specific waste streams or with extended producer responsibility (EPR)

4 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Hotta, 2014) 3,1 A

Adequate, understandable strategies and policies addressing all areas of solid waste

2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,1 A

Policies, promotion and support for the by-product market (waste as a resource)

3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Hotta, 2014) 3,1 G

The structure, content and implementation of green procurement 1 (Hotta, 2014) 3,1 CExistence of studies: generation and characterization, material inputs and outputs, diagnosis of waste management

3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (Sartor, 1998)

3,1 A

Existence of plans, programs, and objectives for waste management 8

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(ERSAR, 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Zaman, 2014) 3,1 A

Development and implementation of a municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management plan

1 (MADSA, 2016)3,1 A

Existence of reuse and reduction strategies 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,1 CExistence of economic incentives to prevent and reduce waste 2 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 3,1 CMaximum permissible limits of noise generation 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,1 AMaximum permissible limits for gas emissions 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,1 ACertification of environmental management systems and audits 2 (ERSAR, 2013) (MAGRAMA, 2013) 3,2 AExistence of indicators or certifications of quality and continuous improvement

5(ERSAR, 2013) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) 3,2 A

12

41

2324

ATTRIBUTE 3: Social (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Certification of the work health and safety system 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 3,2 AOther certifications 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 3,2 APriority granted to waste management by the authorities 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 ALevel of corruption in the municipality or relationship with mafia 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Nicolli, 2012) 3,2 AMunicipal authorities perceived high cost for alternative technologies for SWM

1 (Guerrero et al., 2013)3,2 A

Availability of information on all aspects of MSWM 4 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 3,2 A

Number of complaints or claims about the MSWM per inhabitant or per year 15

(UNEP, 2005) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (ERSAR, 2013) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Munizaga, 2016) 3,2 A

Responses to complaints and suggestions 4 (ERSAR, 2013) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Munizaga, 2016) 3,2 ASocial participation through % of comments in favor of recycling 1 (Armijo et al., 2011) 3,2 AWaste pickers pay a fee for the recyclables they collect 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 AFormalization or planning of inclusion for waste pickers 3 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (MADSA, 2016) 3,2 ANumber of stakeholders 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 AMechanisms allowing consultation, participation and coordination of stakeholders

17(Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (UN-HABITAT, 2010) (Wilson et al., 2015) (Sartor, 1998) 3,2 A

Number of participants or people who know about the waste management program

2 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Armijo et al., 2011)3,2 A

Degree of public satisfaction/perception 10

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Sakurai, 1983) (Armijo et al., 2011) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) 3,2 A

Community willing to pay for waste collection 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 EProducers, consumers and other waste generators are aware of prevention, reduction, recovery, etc.

3 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,2 A

Condition of waste pickers and their families 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) 3,2 ATypology of the intervention area: a) Medium urban area, b) Predominantly rural area, c) Predominantly urban area

1 (ERSAR, 2013)

3,2 A

Public awareness campaigns available for WM solutions 9

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (MAGRAMA, 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Zaman, 2014) 3,2 A

Entity responsible for awareness campaigns 2 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 ASWM topics are covered sufficiently in curricula and educational programs 1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 3,2 AMeasuring public awareness or social participation 3 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Armijo et al., 2011) (Hotta,

2014) 3,2 AEvolution of the diversity and durability of products 1 (Sartor, 1998) 3,2 CPercentage of population or number of houses or establishments served by contractors or by private haulers for each category of waste

8 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (USAID et al., 1995) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Zaman, 2014)

3,2 ETons managed in transfer stations by private companies vs. total tons transfered

1 (USAID et al., 1995)3,2 F

13

42

2526

ATTRIBUTE 3: Social (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Tons treated by private companies vs. total tons treated 1 (USAID et al., 1995) 3,2 GMarket for compost 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 GTons disposed by private companies vs. total tons disposed 1 (USAID et al., 1995) 3,2 HMinors at disposal sites 1 (MADSA, 2016) 3,2 HLow-cost technologies for SWM available locally 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 3,2 AInstitutional consistency and sufficiency to fulfill WM duties and responsibilities

6 (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (UN-HABITAT, 2010) (Wilson et al., 2015) 3,3 A

Institutional responsibilities and functions are clear, well defined, and coordinated

4 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,3 A

Type of operation model: concession, intermunicipal, municipality, etc. 2 (ERSAR, 2013) 3,3 APeriod of validity of the contract 1 (ERSAR, 2013) 3,3 AIntermunicipal coordination and sectorial cooperation, as well as agreements and conventions (including private sector)

7 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011)(MAGRAMA, 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)

3,3 AThe municipality has adequate standards, databases or monitoring datasets on waste management

8 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)(Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) 3,3 A

Indicators based on MFA and resource productivity 1 (Hotta, 2014) 3,3 AKnowledge, skills, abilities and technical profile of staff working in the municipality or waste management companies are appropriate

8 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)

3,4 ANumber of people involved in informal separation 6 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Sartor,

1998) 3,4 ATurnover of pickers 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) 3,4 A

Efficiency of street sweeping staff 7(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 3,4 D

Municipal human resources for street cleaning 3 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,4 DNumber of jobs associated with reuse centers 1 (MAGRAMA, 2013) 3,4 C

Efficiency of collection staff 15

(UNEP, 2005) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 3,4 E

Number of workers in waste collection 4 (UNEP, 2005) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Guimarães et al., 2010) 3,4 E

Fringe benefits (e.g., health insurance, pension, paid leave) 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 3,4 ERisk/number of accidents 3 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,4 AEfficiency of transfer staff 1 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 3,4 FMunicipal human resources for waste transfer 1 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) 3,4 F

Efficiency of manpower screening 4 (UNEP, 2005) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) 3,4 G

Number of workers in materials recovery 3 (UNEP, 2005) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (UNEP and

CalRecovery, 2005) 3,4 GFringe benefits (e.g., health insurance, pension, paid leave) in processing and resource recovery

1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)3,4 G

Number of employees working in disposal 3 (UNEP, 2005) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (UNEP and

CalRecovery, 2005) 3,4 HWaste pickers working in disposal 1 (MADSA, 2016) 3,4 H

14

43

44

2728

ATTRIBUTE 3: Social (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Annual increase or decrease of waste pickers in disposal (last 5 years) 1 (USAID et al., 1995) 3,4 HFringe benefits (e.g., health insurance, pension, paid leave) in disposal

1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)3,4 H

Total human resources 14(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (ERSAR, 2013) (USAID et al., 1995) (Sakurai, 1983) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) (Munizaga, 2016) 3,4 A

Municipal workers’ willingness to change their ways of working and motivation

2 (Guerrero et al., 2013)3,4 A

Absenteeism 3 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (Guimarães et al., 2010) 3,4 A

Jobs created through reuse, recycling, and disposal 1 (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 3,4 AMaintenance productivity 4 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 3,4 AAverage % of salary growth 2 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Guimarães et al., 2010) 3,4 ANumber of employee suggestions 1 (Guimarães et al., 2010) 3,4 AIs the number of workers employed in SWM activities by the Government and local authorities enough?

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)3,4 A

Training actions / programs 3 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) 3,4 A

Frequency of accidents / illnesses among workers 8 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Zaman, 2014) 3,4 AHealth and safety equipment and conditions 3 (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Zaman,

2014) 3,4 A

*3,1: Legislation and policies 3,2: Stakeholders 3,3: Institutional and organizational framework 3,4: Occupational aspects

15

45

46

2930

ATTRIBUTE 4: Environment

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Household expenses or purchases 3 (Zaman, 2014) 4,1 AFood consumption 1 (Zaman, 2014) 4,1 BResource consumption 1 (Zaman, 2014) 4,1 ALand use intensity 2 (Sartor, 1998) (Munizaga, 2016) 4,1 AFuel consumption 2 (ERSAR, 2013) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 4,1 EFuel efficiency 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 4,1 EArea of productive ecosystems devoted to storage of recyclable materials

1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)4,1 G

Utilities consumed (electricity, gas, water, etc.) in processing and resource recovery

1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)4,1 G

Land for processing and resource recovery 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 4,1 GLand for disposal 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 4,1 HElectrical power and water supplies for disposal 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 4,1 HEnergy cost for waste recovery and disposal/treatment cost 1 (Sartor, 1998) 4,1 AEnergy consumed from the external grid 2 (ERSAR, 2013) (Munizaga, 2016) 4,1 AIntensity of water use 1 (Munizaga, 2016) 4,1 ACO2 emissions from waste collection vehicles 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (ERSAR, 2013) 4,2 ENoise emitted by collection vehicles 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 ELeachate from waste 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 ASurface water pollution risk 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 GGroundwater pollution risk 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 GPerception of odors 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 ASoil contamination risk 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 GBiogas generation / extraction 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 4,2 A

Leachate generated / treated 3 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Munizaga, 2016) 4,2 H

Percentage of municipal waste that is burned outdoors 1 (AENOR, 2015)(Global Cities Institute, 2015) 4,2 HLevel of contamination / vulnerability of surface water 7 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Sartor, 1998) 4,2 HLevel of contamination / vulnerability of groundwater 6 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 HAir vulnerability 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 HLevel of contamination / vulnerability of soil 6 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,2 HDegree of water pollution 1 (MADSA, 2016) 4,2 AAir pollution 3 (MADSA, 2016) (Zaman, 2014) (Munizaga, 2016) 4,2 ADegree of soil pollution 1 (MADSA, 2016) 4,2 ALevel of burning of domestic waste at household level 1 (Guerrero et al., 2013) 4,2 HEnergy / efficiency obtained by energy recovery 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) (FOEN, 2014) 4,3 GGreenhouse gas benefits associated with recovery of specific materials 1 (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 4,3 GIntensity of energy generated 1 (Munizaga, 2016) 4,3 HProgress in the management of contaminated sites 5 (EEA, 2015) (Sartor, 1998) 4,3 AAmount of energy produced 2 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Munizaga, 2016) 4,3 GCo-benefits of 3Rs of MSW on climate change mitigation 1 (Hotta, 2014) 4,3 AArea of productive ecosystems consumed / MSW generated or production of goods and services

2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004)4,4 B

Risk of decline in quality of habitat (recovery) 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,4 G

16

47

48

3132

ATTRIBUTE 4: Environment (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Risk of decline in quality of habitat (dumping) 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,4 HVisual impact (manipulation, storage, separation) 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,4 GEffects on the quality of the landscape and tourism 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,4 HLoss of biomass by occupation of productive ecosystems 2 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 4,4 HLoss of real estate value of land surrounding the disposal sites 3 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (Sartor, 1998) 4,4 H

*4,1: Use of resources 4,2: Pollution 4,3: Mitigation 4,4: Others

17

49

50

3334

ATTRIBUTE 5: Economy

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Cost of recovery for MSWM services or financial sustainability 28

(Guerrero et al., 2013) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008) (MADSA, 2016) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Wilson et al., 2015) (Armijo et al., 2011) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Zaman, 2014) (Munizaga, 2016) 5,1 A

Costing systems available in the municipality 7 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)

(BSWMA, 2015b) (Nicolli, 2012) (Sartor, 1998) 5,1 AMSWM service fee per ton, per household or per year 3 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) (USAID et al., 1995) 5,1 AAmount billed for waste management per user per month or year 3 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Sakurai, 1983) 5,1 APayment method of the waste system users to get revenues 5 (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (FOEN, 2014) (Guimarães et

al., 2010) 5,1 AIncomes from fees / taxes are appropriately and evenly distributed among local authorities

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)5,1 A

Minimum average monthly income or wage vs. rate charged 2 (ERSAR, 2013) (USAID et al., 1995) 5,1 ATotal incomes and earnings per month or year 6 (ERSAR, 2013) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Bringhenti

et al., 2011) (Zaman, 2014) 5,1 AEnvironmental savings or ordinary savings 4 (FEMP, 2008) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Zaman,

2014) 5,1 AEfficiency of fee collection by municipalities, households or inhabitants

12(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (USAID et al., 1995) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (Sakurai, 1983) (UN-HABITAT, 2010) (JICA, 2015) 5,1 A

National Landfill Tipping Fees 1 (EPA, 2015b)(EPA, 2015a) 5,1 HFees for waste disposal reflect the costs of disposing of the waste in accordance with best practices

1 (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b)5,1 H

Fees for waste incineration 1 (FOEN, 2014) 5,1 A

Unit cost per ton or inhabitant / year 14

(Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (MacDonald, 1996) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008) (MADSA, 2016) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (Armijo et al., 2011) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) (Guimarães et al., 2010) (Munizaga, 2016) 5,2 A

Costs for waste: % of the total spent divided into: 1) Take-away packaging, 2) Beverage containers, 3) Newspapers and brochures, 4) Cigarettes, 5) Various

1 (FOEN, 2014)

5,2 ACost per hour of operation of the vehicles 1 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 5,2 ACost of maintenance vs. total cost of service or per kilometer 2 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) 5,2 AValue of each man-hour 1 (Sakurai, 1983) 5,2 A

Street sweeping cost 14(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) 5,2 D

Fraction of the cost for maintenance (mechanical sweeping) 1 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 5,2 DCost of manual sweeping per employee 1 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 5,2 DAverage and total wages 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 5,2 E

Cost per ton collected 19

(UNEP, 2005) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (FEMP, 2008) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Bringhenti et al., 2011) 5,2 E

Cost of maintenance service for collection 7 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Paraguassú and

Rojas, 2002) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 5,2 ECost of purchasing containers 3 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 5,2 E

Unit cost of transfer 9(Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) 5,2 F

18

51

3536

ATTRIBUTE 5: Economy (continued)

Indicator

Num

ber o

f re

petit

ions

References

Cat

egor

y *

Com

pone

nt

Cost of maintenance (transfer) 2 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 5,2 FAverage and total salaries in processing and resource recovery 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 5,2 G

Cost of process per ton (recovery) 9

(UNEP, 2005) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) (FEMP, 2008) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005)(Bringhenti et al., 2011) 5,2 G

Cost per employee (treatment) 1 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 5,2 GAverage and total salaries on final disposal 1 (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) 5,2 H

Unit cost of waste disposed 12

(UNEP, 2005) (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) (Tello-Espinoza et al., 2011) (Sánchez López and Hernández Median, 2009) (FEMP, 2008) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (Sakurai, 1983) (UNEP and CalRecovery, 2005) (Guimarães et al., 2010) 5,2 H

Daily cost of maintenance (disposal) 2 (Wehenpohl and Hernández Barrios, 2006) 5,2 HBudget dedicated to innovation 1 (Guimarães et al., 2010) 5,2 AExistence of a formal budget for MSWM 3 (MADSA, 2016) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 5,2 A

Total budget for MSWM per year 4 (Guerrero et al., 2013) (ERSAR, 2013) (Guimarães et al., 2010) 5,2 A

Total budget for MSWM vs. total municipal budget per year 4 (USAID et al., 1995) (FEMP, 2008) (Paraguassú and Rojas,

2002) (Sakurai, 1983) 5,2 ACapital expenditures vs. total budget for waste management service 3 (USAID et al., 1995) (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)

(Sakurai, 1983) 5,2 ADebt capacity of the operator entity to meet its obligations (how easy it is to obtain a loan)

4 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002)5,2 A

Annual per capita expenditure on marketing and education 1 (Bringhenti et al., 2011) 5,2 ANumber and economic value of annual R&D&I projects related to waste prevention and sustainable consumption

1 (MAGRAMA, 2013)

5,2 C

Cost of financing a sanitary landfill 2 (Paraguassú and Rojas, 2002) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 5,2 H

Expenditures for management of contaminated sites 2 (EEA, 2015) (BSWMA, 2015a)(BSWMA, 2015b) 5,2 ALoss of value of MSW for recycling and reuse 1 (Guerrero and Erbiti, 2004) 5,2 A

*5,1: Incomes 5,2: Expenses

19

52

53

3738

References

AENOR, 2015. UNE-ISO 37120. Sustainable development of communities. Indicators for city services and quality of life.

Armijo, C., Puma, A., Ojeda, S., 2011. A set of indicators for waste management programs, in: 2nd International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications. Singapur, Singapur, pp. 144–148.

Bringhenti, J.R., Zandonade, E., Günther, W.M.R., 2011. Selection and validation of indicators for programs selective collection evaluation with social inclusion. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 55, 876–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.04.010

BSWMA-Belize Solid Waste Management Authority, 2015a. National solid waste management strategy & implementation plan. Belmopán, Belize.

BSWMA-Belize Solid Waste Management Authority, 2015b. National solid waste management policy. Belmopán, Belize.

EEA-European Environment Agency, 2015. Waste generation [WWW Document]. URL http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/waste-generation-1/assessment (accessed 1.5.16).

EPA-Environmental Protection Agency, 2015a. Advancing sustainable materials management: facts and figures 2013. Assessing trends in material generation, recycling and disposal in the United States. Washington, Estados Unidos.

EPA-Environmental Protection Agency, 2015b. Advancing sustainable materials management: facts and figures 2013, Fact Sheet. Washington, Estados Unidos.

ERSAR-Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Águas e Resíduos, 2013. Dados e indicadores do ciclo de avaliação da qualidade do serviço prestado aos utilizadores [WWW Document]. URL http://www.ersar.pt/Website_en/ViewContent.aspx?SubFolderPath=%5CRoot%5CContents%5CSiteEN%5CMenu_Main%5CDocumentation%5CERSAR_OtherDocuments&Section=Menu_Main&BookTypeID=41&FolderPath=%5CRoot%5CContents%5CSiteEN%5CMenu_Main%5CDocumentation&BookCategoryID= (accessed 1.8.16).

EUROSTAT-Statistical Office of the European Union, 2013. Waste related indicators [WWW Document]. URL http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/key-waste-streams (accessed 1.6.16).

FEMP-Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias, 2008. Implantación de un sistema de costes en la administración local. Servicio de recogida, tratamiento y eliminación de residuos. FEMP, Madrid, Spain.

FOEN-Federal Office for the Environment, 2014. Indicators: Topic Waste

20

5455

5657

585960

61626364

6566

6768

69707172

73747576

777879

8081828384858687

88899091

929394

95

3940

management [WWW Document]. URL http://www.bafu.admin.ch/umwelt/indikatoren/14643/index.html?lang=en (accessed 1.11.16).

Fragkou, M.C., Vicent, T., Gabarrell, X., 2010. A general methodology for calculating the MSW management self-sufficiency indicator: Application to the wider Barcelona area. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 54, 390–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.09.004

Global Cities Institute, 2015. Cities and sustainable infrastructure, in: GCI Policy Snapshot No. 3. Toronto, Canada, Paris, Frace, p. 40.

Guerrero, E., Erbiti, C., 2004. Indicadores de sustentabilidad para la gestión de los residuos domiciliarios, Municipio de Tandil, Argentina. Rev. Geogr. Norte Gd. 71–86.

Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G., Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Manag. 33, 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008

Guimarães, B., Simões, P., Marques, R.C., 2010. Does performance evaluation help public managers? A Balanced Scorecard approach in urban waste services. J. Environ. Manage. 91, 2632–2638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.039

Hotta, Y., 2014. 3R Policy Indicator Factsheets. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japón.

JICA-Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2015. Standard Indicator Reference for Grant Aid Projects [WWW Document]. URL https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/evaluation/indicators/grant.html

MacDonald, M.L., 1996. Bias Issues in the Utilization of Solid Waste Indicators. J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 62, 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369608975687

MADSA-Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Argentina, 2016. Proyectos para la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos con Financiamiento Internacional. Herramientas de gestión local. Monitoreo y evaluación. [WWW Document]. URL http://www.ambiente.gob.ar/?idarticulo=13350 (accessed 1.13.16).

MADSA-Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Argentina, 2012. Sistema de estadística ambiental de Argentina (SIDSA). Indicadores de Desarrollo Sustentable [WWW Document]. URL http://estadisticas.ambiente.gob.ar/?idarticulo=13758#close (accessed 1.13.16).

MAGRAMA-Ministerio de Agricultura Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 2013. Programa Estatal de prevención de residuos 2014-2020. Madrid, Spain.

MIMARM-Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Medio Rural y Marino, 2010. Nuevo marco para la gestión de los residuos municipales. Madrid, Spain.

21

969798

99100101102

103104

105106107

108109110

111112113114

115116

117118119

120121122

123124125126127

128129130131132

133134

135136

4142

Munizaga, J., 2016. Metodología para la Evaluación Integral de Sistemas de Gestión de Residuos Domésticos. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.

Nicolli, F., 2012. Convergence of waste-related indicators of environmental quality in Italy. Environ. Econ. Policy Stud. 14, 383–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-012-0042-6

OECD, 2013. Waste: Municipal waste, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Environment Statistics (database) [WWW Document]. URL http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/data/oecd-environment-statistics/municipal-waste_data-00601-en (accessed 1.12.16).

Paraguassú, F.A., Rojas, C.R., 2002. Indicadores para el gerenciamiento del servicio de limpieza pública. Centro Panamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente (CEPIS), Lima, Peru.

Sakurai, K., 1983. Macro indicadores para gerencia del servicio de aseo. Programa regional de mejoramiento de los servicios de aseo urbano. CEPIS-Centro Panamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente, Lima, Peru.

Sánchez López, R., Hernández Median, C., 2009. Programa municipal de prevención y gestión integral de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos de San José de Gracia, Aguascalientes. Periódico Oficial del Estado de Aguascalientes. Tomo LXXII, Núm. 42, Mexico.

Sartor, A., 1998. Los residuos, un componente a considerar en la sustentabilidad del sistema urbano. La complejidad de su gestión. Caso Bahía Blanca., in: IV Seminario Latinoamericano de Calidad Urbana. CIG-FHG. Argentina.

SEMARNAT-Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, 2013a. Indicadores clave. Residuos sólidos urbanos dispuestos sin control. México [WWW Document]. URL http://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/indicadores14/conjuntob/clave/clave04.html (accessed 5.23.15).

SEMARNAT-Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, 2013b. Indicadores básicos del desempeño ambiental en México-SNIARN [WWW Document]. URL http://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/indicadores14/conjuntob/04_res_solidos/04_res_solidos_esquema.html (accessed 5.23.15).

Slovenian Environment Agency, 2014. Municipal waste and waste management indicators [WWW Document]. URL http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/?data=indicator&ind_id=653&lang_id=94 (accessed 1.7.16).

Tello-Espinoza, P., Martínez-Arce, E., Daza, D., Soulier-Faure, M., Terraza, H., 2011. Regional Evaluation on Urban Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean- 2010 report. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Inter-American Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (AIDIS) and Inter-American Development Bank

22

137138139

140141142

143144145146

147148149

150151152153

154155156157

158159160161

162163164165166

167168169170171

172173174

175176177178179

4344

(IDB).

UN-DESA-United Nations-Departmen of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015. Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013).

UN-HABITAT, 2010. Solid Waste Management in the world’s cities. United Nations, London, Washington.

UNEP-United Nations Environment Programme, 2005. Integrated Waste Management Scoreboard: a tool to measure performance in municipal solid waste management. UNEP.

UNEP-United Nations Environment Programme, CalRecovery, 2005. Solid waste management, Volume I. UNEP.

UNSD-United Nations Statistics Division, 2011. Environmental Indicators: Waste [WWW Document]. URL http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/qindicators.htm (accessed 1.6.16).

USAID, BID, WB, OPS, 1995. Methodological Guidelines for Sectorial Analysis in Solid Waste (Spanish version: Lineamientos metodológicos para la realización de análisis sectoriales en residuos sólidos). United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Washington D.C., United States.

Wehenpohl, G., Hernández Barrios, C.P., 2006. Guia para la elaboración de programas municipales para la prevención y gestión integral de los residuos sólidos urbanos. Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) from Mexico, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ). D.F., Mexico.

Wilson, D.C., Rodic, L., Cowing, M.J., Velis, C.A., Whiteman, A.D., Scheinberg, A., Vilches, R., Masterson, D., Stretz, J., Oelz, B., 2015. “Wasteaware” benchmark indicators for integrated sustainable waste management in cities. Waste Manag. 35, 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.006

Zaman, A.U., 2014. Identification of key assessment indicators of the zero waste management systems. Ecol. Indic. 36, 682–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.09.024

23

180

181182

183184

185186187

188189

190191192193

194195196197198199200

201202203204205

206207208209210

211212213

214

4546