ARRL FIELD DAY ARRL FIELD DAY MADE EASYMADE EASYA Workshop for A Workshop for

ARRL Field Day 2012 ARRL Field Day 2012 Andy KB2AZGAndy KB2AZG

Richie K2KNB Richie K2KNB

Don WB2BEZ Don WB2BEZ

Jeff N2IONJeff N2ION

Field Day A …B … CField Day A …B … C

Purpose of FDPurpose of FD Basic rulesBasic rules The Contact ExchangeThe Contact Exchange ScoringScoring Station SetupStation Setup Logging SoftwareLogging Software Practice ExercisePractice Exercise

Field Day PurposeField Day Purpose

Emergency preparednessEmergency preparedness• Training ourselvesTraining ourselves• Demonstration of emergency preparedness to Demonstration of emergency preparedness to

the public, government, and served agenciesthe public, government, and served agencies• Experimentation with antennas, portable Experimentation with antennas, portable

equipment, and unusual power sourcesequipment, and unusual power sources Social gatheringSocial gathering

• Eating and drinkingEating and drinking• Camaraderie and friendshipCamaraderie and friendship• CampingCamping• Weekend “getaway”Weekend “getaway”

Field Day Purpose (cont.)Field Day Purpose (cont.)

Chance to try different radiosChance to try different radios Knowledge building and learning new skillsKnowledge building and learning new skills Recruiting new hams and new club Recruiting new hams and new club

membersmembers Challenge of operating in abnormal Challenge of operating in abnormal

situations and in less than ideal conditionssituations and in less than ideal conditions Contest/competitionContest/competition FUN!FUN!

Field Day HistoryField Day History

First Field Day in 1933First Field Day in 1933 Started simple with few participants and Started simple with few participants and

low scores (by today’s standards)low scores (by today’s standards) Annual tradition that grew and grewAnnual tradition that grew and grew The most popular ham event of the yearThe most popular ham event of the year Detailed history in Dec. 99 QST, p. 28: Detailed history in Dec. 99 QST, p. 28:

http://p1k.arrl.org/pubs_archive/97445http://p1k.arrl.org/pubs_archive/97445

Workshop focusWorkshop focus

Contest aspect of Field DayContest aspect of Field Day

Motivation for this workshopMotivation for this workshop

Many hams profess no interest in Many hams profess no interest in operating radio on Field Day, but in operating radio on Field Day, but in reality they’re often reluctant to reality they’re often reluctant to participate because of participate because of • ““Mike fright”Mike fright”• Unfamiliarity with contesting proceduresUnfamiliarity with contesting procedures• No experience on HF (but hey, ham No experience on HF (but hey, ham

radio is more than 2M repeaters!)radio is more than 2M repeaters!)

So…So…

Those of us with experience are here Those of us with experience are here to help you become comfortable with to help you become comfortable with operating in an easy and non-operating in an easy and non-threatening way. threatening way.

Consider us your “Elmers” (ham Consider us your “Elmers” (ham jargon for mentors) jargon for mentors)

So here we go…So here we go…

Eligibility to Participate in Field DayEligibility to Participate in Field Day All amateurs in US and Canada and All amateurs in US and Canada and

possessionspossessions DX stations may be contacted for DX stations may be contacted for

credit but are not eligible to submit credit but are not eligible to submit entriesentries

ObjectObject

Contact as many other stations as possible Contact as many other stations as possible On any and all amateur bands (excluding On any and all amateur bands (excluding

the 60, 30, 17, and 12 meter bands) the 60, 30, 17, and 12 meter bands) And in doing so to learn to operate in And in doing so to learn to operate in

abnormal situations in less than optimal abnormal situations in less than optimal conditions.conditions.

A premium is placed on A premium is placed on • developing skills to meet the challenges of developing skills to meet the challenges of

emergency preparedness emergency preparedness • acquainting the general public with the acquainting the general public with the

capabilities of Amateur Radiocapabilities of Amateur Radio

Date and Time PeriodDate and Time Period

Always the fourth full weekend in JuneAlways the fourth full weekend in June• June 23-24, 2012June 23-24, 2012

Begins at 1800 UTC (2 pm EDT) Saturday Begins at 1800 UTC (2 pm EDT) Saturday June 23 and ends 24 hours laterJune 23 and ends 24 hours later

EXCEPTION: Class A and B stations that do EXCEPTION: Class A and B stations that do not begin setting up until 1800 UTC may not begin setting up until 1800 UTC may operate 27 hours.operate 27 hours.

Nobody can start setup before 1800 UTC Nobody can start setup before 1800 UTC Friday.Friday.

Our OperationOur Operation

• We will start setup Saturday morning at We will start setup Saturday morning at 7 am, go on the air at 2:00 PM and 7 am, go on the air at 2:00 PM and operate until 2:00 pm Sunday or until operate until 2:00 pm Sunday or until we run out of steam, usually late we run out of steam, usually late Sunday morning, reserving an ounce of Sunday morning, reserving an ounce of energy for teardown.energy for teardown.

• Place: Rosemary Kennedy BOCES Place: Rosemary Kennedy BOCES Center, Wantagh, N.Y.Center, Wantagh, N.Y.

Entry CategoriesEntry Categories

Are based onAre based on• Number of transmitters operating Number of transmitters operating

simultaneouslysimultaneously• Class of OperationClass of Operation

Number of transmittersNumber of transmitters

• The maximum number of transmitters in The maximum number of transmitters in operation simultaneously.operation simultaneously.

For LIMARC’s FD that will be 4For LIMARC’s FD that will be 4 Does not include bonus stations such asDoes not include bonus stations such as

• GOTA Station GOTA Station • VHF Station if someone wants to set it upVHF Station if someone wants to set it up• Satellite Station if someone wants to set it upSatellite Station if someone wants to set it up

But DOES include But DOES include • A natural power demonstration station if someone A natural power demonstration station if someone

wants to set it upwants to set it up

Number of xmtrs (cont)Number of xmtrs (cont)

• All transmitters must be within a 1000’ All transmitters must be within a 1000’ diameter circle.diameter circle.

• All transmitters will use the LIMARC club All transmitters will use the LIMARC club call W2VL with the exception of the call W2VL with the exception of the GOTA station.GOTA station.

8 Classes of operation8 Classes of operation

Class A – portable station with 3 or more Class A – portable station with 3 or more operators, using 100% emergency poweroperators, using 100% emergency power• This is our class – we will use a gasoline This is our class – we will use a gasoline

generatorgenerator Class A - battery – same, 5 watts max., Class A - battery – same, 5 watts max.,

batterybattery Class B – portable station with 1 or 2 Class B – portable station with 1 or 2

operators, using 100% emergency poweroperators, using 100% emergency power Class B - battery – same, 5 watts max., Class B - battery – same, 5 watts max.,

battery battery Class C – mobile stationClass C – mobile station

Class of operation (cont.)Class of operation (cont.)

Class D – home station on Class D – home station on commercial power commercial power • Note: may not contact other Class D Note: may not contact other Class D

stationsstations Class E – home station on emergency Class E – home station on emergency

powerpower Class F – operation from an Class F – operation from an

established Emergency Operations established Emergency Operations CenterCenter

GOTA (“Get on GOTA (“Get on the air”) stationthe air”) station

Only open to newly licensed hams (since Only open to newly licensed hams (since FD 2011), inactive hams, or non-licensed FD 2011), inactive hams, or non-licensed public.public.

Must use different call signMust use different call sign• We will use the call WV2LIWe will use the call WV2LI

Only open to Class A and F with 2 or more Only open to Class A and F with 2 or more xmtrs. We qualify to have it.xmtrs. We qualify to have it.

Same exchange as other xmtrsSame exchange as other xmtrs A person who operated a GOTA station the A person who operated a GOTA station the

previous year is ineligible this year.previous year is ineligible this year.

GOTA (cont.)GOTA (cont.)

A control operator must be present if A control operator must be present if operating beyond license class privileges operating beyond license class privileges of the operator.of the operator.

Max. xmtr power 150W (except for QRP Max. xmtr power 150W (except for QRP class = 5W)class = 5W)

Max. 500 contacts for credit + certain Max. 500 contacts for credit + certain bonus pointsbonus points

May only operate on FD bands; single xmtr May only operate on FD bands; single xmtr onlyonly

Obey third-party traffic rules for Obey third-party traffic rules for unlicensed guest operatorsunlicensed guest operators

Misc. RulesMisc. Rules

No contact between FD station and No contact between FD station and individual participant of that stationindividual participant of that station

Radios cannot be used for more than Radios cannot be used for more than one callsign during FD periodone callsign during FD period

Phone, CW, and Digital are Phone, CW, and Digital are considered separate “bands”considered separate “bands”

All voice contacts (SSB, FM, AM, All voice contacts (SSB, FM, AM, satellite) are equivalent (1 point satellite) are equivalent (1 point each).each).

Misc. Rules (cont.)Misc. Rules (cont.) All CW & digital contacts (PSK31, MT63, All CW & digital contacts (PSK31, MT63,

Packet, Pactor, etc.) are equivalent (2 Packet, Pactor, etc.) are equivalent (2 points each)points each)

No cross-band contacts (exc. Satellite)No cross-band contacts (exc. Satellite) Only one xmtr per band at any time (exc. Only one xmtr per band at any time (exc.

GOTA)GOTA) No contacts on repeaters or on 146.52 No contacts on repeaters or on 146.52

simplexsimplex Batteries may be charged while in use, but Batteries may be charged while in use, but

not from commercial mains (exc. Class D)not from commercial mains (exc. Class D) All stations must use same call sign (exc. All stations must use same call sign (exc.

GOTA)GOTA)

LimitationLimitation

Can only work each station once per Can only work each station once per band-modeband-mode• For example you can work each station For example you can work each station

once on 20M phone, once on 20M cw, once on 20M phone, once on 20M cw, and once on 20M digital mode (total 5 and once on 20M digital mode (total 5 points).points).

• You can work the same station on other You can work the same station on other frequency bands and modes for frequency bands and modes for additional points.additional points.

The Contact “Exchange”The Contact “Exchange”

In order to make a valid contact, the In order to make a valid contact, the information to be exchanged consists information to be exchanged consists ofof• Number of transmitters at your siteNumber of transmitters at your site• Class of operationClass of operation• ARRL SectionARRL Section

ExamplesExamples• On CW – “4A NLI”On CW – “4A NLI”• On phone – “Four Alpha, NLI”On phone – “Four Alpha, NLI”

Exchange must be accurateExchange must be accurate

You must copy the information You must copy the information correctly from the other station correctly from the other station AND…AND…

The other station must copy your The other station must copy your information correctly, OR ELSE…information correctly, OR ELSE…

It is not a valid contact and your final It is not a valid contact and your final score may be penalized.score may be penalized.

ARRL SectionARRL Section

71 Sections71 Sections Basically each US state and Canadian Basically each US state and Canadian

provinceprovince Some states are divided into more than Some states are divided into more than

one sectionone section• Ohio is one sectionOhio is one section• New Jersey is 2 sectionsNew Jersey is 2 sections• Texas is 3 sectionsTexas is 3 sections• New York is 4 sectionsNew York is 4 sections• California is 9 sectionsCalifornia is 9 sections

ARRL Sections (cont.)ARRL Sections (cont.)

Use 2 or 3 letter abbreviationsUse 2 or 3 letter abbreviations• OH – OhioOH – Ohio• KY – KentuckyKY – Kentucky• EMA – Eastern MassachusettsEMA – Eastern Massachusetts• LAX – Los AngelesLAX – Los Angeles• WTX – West TexasWTX – West Texas• NFL – Northern FloridaNFL – Northern Florida• NLI – New York Long IslandNLI – New York Long Island

ITU Phonetics on PhoneITU Phonetics on Phone

You MUST memorize and be familiar You MUST memorize and be familiar with ITU phonetics on phone. with ITU phonetics on phone.

AlphaAlpha HotelHotel OscarOscar VictorVictor

BravoBravo IndiaIndia PapaPapa WhiskyWhisky

CharlieCharlie JulietJuliet QuebecQuebec X-rayX-ray

DeltaDelta KiloKilo RomeoRomeo YankeeYankee

EchoEcho LimaLima SierraSierra ZuluZulu

FoxtrotFoxtrot MikeMike TangoTango

GolfGolf NovemberNovember UniformUniform

Two Basic StrategiesTwo Basic Strategies

Hunt and pounceHunt and pounce• Look for stations calling CQ and Look for stations calling CQ and

answering themanswering them Running a frequency Running a frequency

• Calling CQ and waiting for stations to Calling CQ and waiting for stations to answer youanswer you

Hunt and pounceHunt and pounce

• You can be selective who you contactYou can be selective who you contact• You can avoid stations with big pileups, You can avoid stations with big pileups,

which waste your time and reduce your which waste your time and reduce your Q rate (contact, or QSO, rate per minute Q rate (contact, or QSO, rate per minute or hour) or hour)

• While not applicable to FD, it’s a useful While not applicable to FD, it’s a useful technique in other contests where technique in other contests where multipliers are ARRL sections, DX zones, multipliers are ARRL sections, DX zones, and other selective categories, because and other selective categories, because you can hunt for specific multipliers to you can hunt for specific multipliers to increase your scoreincrease your score

Running a frequencyRunning a frequency

• You never know who will answerYou never know who will answer• Usually can work a lot more stations Usually can work a lot more stations

(more points, higher Q rate)(more points, higher Q rate)• Easy to do with voice or CW recorder, Easy to do with voice or CW recorder,

but can get tiring if no one answersbut can get tiring if no one answers• May have to handle pileup if you’re a May have to handle pileup if you’re a

rare multiplier (N/A for FD)rare multiplier (N/A for FD)• May not work as many multipliers (N/A May not work as many multipliers (N/A

for FD)for FD)

Example of Good ExchangeExample of Good Exchange

CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, Whiskey Two Victor LimaW2VL, Whiskey Two Victor Lima

W2VL, here is November Four Echo W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango TangoTango Tango

N4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLIN4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLI QSL, please copy Four Alpha, South QSL, please copy Four Alpha, South

FloridaFlorida Thank you, good luck in Field Day. Thank you, good luck in Field Day.

CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day…CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day…

Bad Example #1Bad Example #1

CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, Whiskey Two Victor LimaWhiskey Two Victor Lima

W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango Tango, Four Alpha, South Florida…Tango, Four Alpha, South Florida…

N4ETT didn’t give you a chance to N4ETT didn’t give you a chance to recognize his call. If you heard a different recognize his call. If you heard a different station better, you wouldn’t have station better, you wouldn’t have contacted N4ETT and he wasted time with contacted N4ETT and he wasted time with the exchange info (“Four Alpha, South the exchange info (“Four Alpha, South Florida…”).Florida…”).

Bad Example #2Bad Example #2

CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, Whiskey Two Victor LimaW2VL, Whiskey Two Victor Lima

W2VL, here is Norway Four Easy Tom W2VL, here is Norway Four Easy Tom TomTom

Used non-ITU phonetics. Tom could Used non-ITU phonetics. Tom could easily be mistaken for Don, Ron, easily be mistaken for Don, Ron, John, etc.John, etc.

Ask for repeatsAsk for repeats

CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, Whiskey Two Victor LimaW2VL, Whiskey Two Victor Lima

W2VL, here is November Four Echo W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango TangoTango Tango

N4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLIN4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLI QSL, please copy <static crash!>…QSL, please copy <static crash!>… N4ETT, please repeat the exchange!N4ETT, please repeat the exchange!

Ask for fillsAsk for fills CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL, CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day from W2VL,

Whiskey Two Victor LimaWhiskey Two Victor Lima W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango W2VL, here is November Four Echo Tango

TangoTango N4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLIN4ETT, please copy Three Alpha, NLI QSL, please copy Four Alpha, <static crash!QSL, please copy Four Alpha, <static crash!

>…>… N4ETT, give me your section again!N4ETT, give me your section again! South Florida, South Florida, Sierra Foxtrot South Florida, South Florida, Sierra Foxtrot

Lima.Lima. QSL, South Florida, thank you! CQ CQ Field QSL, South Florida, thank you! CQ CQ Field

Day…Day…

Field Day ScoringField Day Scoring

1 point for each voice contact1 point for each voice contact 2 points for each CW or digital contact2 points for each CW or digital contact Add total points for all QSOsAdd total points for all QSOs Multiplier is power levelMultiplier is power level

• QRP (very low power) without gas generator or QRP (very low power) without gas generator or commercial mains – 5xcommercial mains – 5x

• QRP with gas generator or commercial power QRP with gas generator or commercial power or batteries charged from either – 2xor batteries charged from either – 2x

• Low Power (< 150 W) – 2xLow Power (< 150 W) – 2x• High Power (> 150 W) – 1xHigh Power (> 150 W) – 1x

Add bonus pointsAdd bonus points

Bonus PointsBonus Points

100% Emergency Power – 100 points per 100% Emergency Power – 100 points per xmtr (GOTA, VHF and Satellite not incl.)xmtr (GOTA, VHF and Satellite not incl.)

Media Publicity – 100 pointsMedia Publicity – 100 points Public Location – 100 pointsPublic Location – 100 points Public Information Table – 100 pointsPublic Information Table – 100 points Originating message to SM – 100 pointsOriginating message to SM – 100 points Handling messages – 10 points each, max Handling messages – 10 points each, max

100 points100 points

Bonus Points (cont.)Bonus Points (cont.)

Satellite QSO (just 1) – 100 pointsSatellite QSO (just 1) – 100 points Demo of natural power: solar, wind, Demo of natural power: solar, wind,

methane, water, human powered methane, water, human powered bicycle, - 100 pointsbicycle, - 100 points• Need to make 5 contacts minimumNeed to make 5 contacts minimum• Counts as one of the transmittersCounts as one of the transmitters• Includes batteries charged by alternate Includes batteries charged by alternate

powerpower

Bonus Points (cont.)Bonus Points (cont.)

Copying special CW FD bulletin on Copying special CW FD bulletin on W1AW (must be copied over the air) W1AW (must be copied over the air) – 100 points– 100 points

Educational activity - 100 pointsEducational activity - 100 points Site visit by elected government Site visit by elected government

official – 100 pointsofficial – 100 points Site visit by served agency rep. – 100 Site visit by served agency rep. – 100

pointspoints

Bonus Points (cont.)Bonus Points (cont.)

Web submission of FD Entry – 50 Web submission of FD Entry – 50 pointspoints

Youth participation: 20 points per Youth participation: 20 points per youth (18 or younger) who completes youth (18 or younger) who completes at least one contact (max. 100 at least one contact (max. 100 points).points).

GOTA Bonus PointsGOTA Bonus Points

If operator completes 20 QSOs = 20 If operator completes 20 QSOs = 20 points (no partial credit)points (no partial credit)

If same operator completes another If same operator completes another 20 QSOs = another 20 points, up to 20 QSOs = another 20 points, up to 100 points per operator.100 points per operator.

Other operators can earn up to 100 Other operators can earn up to 100 points each up to 500 points max.points each up to 500 points max.

GOTA Bonus Points (cont.)GOTA Bonus Points (cont.)

If GOTA supervised full-time by If GOTA supervised full-time by coach, bonus points are doubled.coach, bonus points are doubled.

Coach supervises operation, answers Coach supervises operation, answers questions, talks operator through questions, talks operator through QSO, butQSO, but• May NOT make QSOsMay NOT make QSOs• May NOT perform logging functionMay NOT perform logging function

Anyone volunteer to be GOTA coach?Anyone volunteer to be GOTA coach?

Field Day -- ReportingField Day -- Reporting Entries may be submitted to the ARRL

• Via Field Day Web Submission • Via email• Via postal or delivery service

Entries must be submitted by July 24, 2012 20:59 UTC. Late entries cannot be accepted.

See official rules for details Complete ARRL packet with details, forms, rules,

and FAQs is at• http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Field-Day/2012/201

2-FD-Packet-V2.pdf

Station SetupStation Setup

Typical Station ConfigurationTypical Station ConfigurationA Station may be configured to meet the need!A Station may be configured to meet the need!

Computer w/ Sound Card Sound Card

Interface

Radio

Morse Code Key

For Digital Modesand/or Computerized Station Control

Microphone

SWR/PowerMeter

AntennaSwitch

Tunerand/orFilter

DummyLoad

ExternalPower Supply

*Station Ground

Speaker

* Typically every effort should be placed with ensuring that all station equipment is bonded to a common station ground and requirements of the National Electrical Code are met.

Could be TNC in a packet radio station.

Speaker or Headphones will be connected to Interface, Computer, or Radio depending on application.

Control Operator ALWAYS NeededControl Operator ALWAYS Needed GOTA Station LicenseeGOTA Station Licensee W2VL – Station Trustee is W2QZW2VL – Station Trustee is W2QZ WV2LI – Station Trustee is N2GAWV2LI – Station Trustee is N2GA Club Call License is a Station License only and Club Call License is a Station License only and

conveys NO operating authorityconveys NO operating authority

IF YOU ARE PARTICIPATING ON A FREQUENCY IF YOU ARE PARTICIPATING ON A FREQUENCY WHERE YOU DON’T HAVE OPERATING PRIVILEGES WHERE YOU DON’T HAVE OPERATING PRIVILEGES THERE MUST BE A CONTROL OPERATOR WITH THERE MUST BE A CONTROL OPERATOR WITH THOSE PRIVILEGES WITHIN THE ZONE OF THE THOSE PRIVILEGES WITHIN THE ZONE OF THE CONTROL POINT!CONTROL POINT!

http://nara.eqth.info/n8ara_station_control.pdf

Logging contactsLogging contacts

Used to be all manual with paper and Used to be all manual with paper and pencilpencil

Needed to record date, time, callsign, Needed to record date, time, callsign, exchangeexchange

Needed to fill out “dupe” (duplicate) sheetNeeded to fill out “dupe” (duplicate) sheet Needed to add up points, multiply by Needed to add up points, multiply by

multiplier, and add in bonus pointsmultiplier, and add in bonus points Tedious and lots of opportunity for errorsTedious and lots of opportunity for errors

Computer loggingComputer logging AdvantagesAdvantages

• Tracks number of QSOs, Q rate, multipliers worked Tracks number of QSOs, Q rate, multipliers worked and needed, and current score at all timesand needed, and current score at all times

• Avoids working stations more than once (“dupes” or Avoids working stations more than once (“dupes” or duplicates)duplicates)

• Can use as CW keyboard with exchange Can use as CW keyboard with exchange components stored in memory – no key or keyer components stored in memory – no key or keyer necessarynecessary

• Can format log for digitally submitting entry via Can format log for digitally submitting entry via email so that log can be checked electronicallyemail so that log can be checked electronically

• Multiple stations can be networked via cable or Multiple stations can be networked via cable or wirelessly so others can see progress of groupwirelessly so others can see progress of group

Computer logging (cont.)Computer logging (cont.)

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Need to know computer and networking basicsNeed to know computer and networking basics• Typing skills are definite advantageTyping skills are definite advantage• Computers and network components can crash Computers and network components can crash

and data can be lost – unlikely, but and data can be lost – unlikely, but catastrophic to contest score if it happenscatastrophic to contest score if it happens

Many popular competing brands of Many popular competing brands of software software

The pre-meeting covered the use of the The pre-meeting covered the use of the N3FJP logging softwareN3FJP logging software

N3FJP’s Field Day Log SoftwareN3FJP’s Field Day Log Software

N3FJP SC3A

N3FJP Field Day Logging SoftwareN3FJP Field Day Logging Software

Practice Exercise Practice Exercise

• Use your call signUse your call sign• Use some number from 1 to 10 (no. of Use some number from 1 to 10 (no. of

xmtrs)xmtrs)• Use some letter from A to F (class)Use some letter from A to F (class)• Use any ARRL section except NLIUse any ARRL section except NLI

ExerciseExercise

Volunteer (“Ham #1”) calls “CQ Field Day” with Volunteer (“Ham #1”) calls “CQ Field Day” with his call signhis call sign

Everyone needs to copy down that call signEveryone needs to copy down that call sign Everyone yells out his/her call signEveryone yells out his/her call sign Ham #1 tries to identify one call (or part of one Ham #1 tries to identify one call (or part of one

and asks for fill)and asks for fill) They work the exchange carefully to get it rightThey work the exchange carefully to get it right Ham #1 calls CQ again and works down the pile-Ham #1 calls CQ again and works down the pile-

upup Practice, practice, practice!Practice, practice, practice!

Q & AQ & A

Come join us at Field Day!Come join us at Field Day!