Arrays, Structures And Enums

Arrays, Structures, EnumsBhushan Mulmule

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Agenda

Single Dimensional Array

Array Class

Array of Reference Type

Double Dimensional Array

Jagged Array

Structure

Enum

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Array

Data structure holding multiple values of same data-

type

Are reference type

Derived from abstract base class Array20 50 60

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Arrays are zero indexed

Last index is always (size – 1)

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Array Declarations

// Declare a single-dimensional array int[] array1 = new int[5];

// Declare and set array element values, Size can be skipped int[] array2 = new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };

// Alternative syntax. new keyword can be skipped int[] array3 = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };

// Declaration and instantiation on separate lines int[] array4;array4 = new int[5];

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array1

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int[] marks = new int[3];Console.WriteLine("Enter marks in three subjects:");for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) marks[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.WriteLine("Marks obtained:");Console.WriteLine("Printed using for loop");for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) Console.WriteLine(marks[i]);

Console.WriteLine("Printed using foreach loop");foreach (int m in marks){ Console.WriteLine(m);}

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The default value for elements of numeric

array is zero

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Single Dimensional Array


Array ClassBase class for all arrays in the common language

runtime.

Provides methods for creating, manipulating, searching, and sorting arrays


Array Classint[] numbers = { 78, 54, 76, 23, 87 }; //sortingArray.Sort(numbers);Console.WriteLine("sorted array: ");for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++) Console.WriteLine(numbers[i]); //reversingArray.Reverse(numbers);...//finding out indexint index = Array.IndexOf(numbers, 54);Console.WriteLine("Index of 54: " + index);


Array of Reference Types

static void Main(string[] args){ string[] computers = { "Titan", "Mira", "K computer" };

Console.WriteLine("Fastest Super Computers: \n"); foreach (string n in computers) { Console.WriteLine(n); }} 200

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Note: Default value for elements of reference array

is null

int[,] marks = new int[3, 4];for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ C.WL("Enter marks in 4 subjects of Student {0}", i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { marks[i, j] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); }}

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2D Array


Console.WriteLine("---------------Score Board------------------");for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ Console.Write("Student {0}:\t\t", i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { Console.Write(marks[i, j] + "\t"); } Console.WriteLine();}

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2D Array


Jagged ArrayArray of Arrays: A jagged array is an array whose

elements are arrays.

The elements of a jagged array can be of different dimensions and sizes.

Syntax:type[][] identifier = new type[size][];


Jagged Arrayint[][] a = new int[3][];a[0] = new int[2] { 32, 54 };a[1] = new int[4] { 78, 96, 46, 38 };a[2] = new int[3] { 54, 76, 23 };

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for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){

for (int j = 0; j < a[i].Length; j++){

Console.Write(a[i][j] + "\t");}Console.WriteLine();

}

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StructKeyword to create user defined datatype

Typically used to encapsulate small groups of related variables

A struct type is a value type

Structs can implement an interface but can't inherit from

another struct or class.

NOTE: structs can contain constructors, constants, fields, methods, properties, indexers, operators, events, and nested types, although if several such members are required, consider making your type a class instead.

struct Point{ public int x; public int y;} class Program{ static void Main(string[] args) { Point p1; Console.WriteLine("Enter X and Y axis of point:"); p1.x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); p1.y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); C.WL("Coordinates of p1: x = {0}, y = {1}", p1.x, p1.y); Console.ReadKey(); }}

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Enum

enum Gender{ Male, Female, Other}

Gender g1 = Gender.Female;

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EnumsThe enum keyword is used to declare an enumeration,

a distinct type consisting of a set of named constants

called the enumerator list.

The default underlying type of the enumeration

elements is int.

By default, the first enumerator has the value 0, and the

value of each successive enumerator is increased by 1.


enum Gender{ Male = 10, Female, Other}class Program{ static void Main(string[] args) { Gender g1 = Gender.Female; C.WL("g1 represents {0}. But value stored is {1}", g1, (int)g1);

Gender g2 = Gender.Male; C.WL("g2 represents {0}. But value stored is {1}", g2, (int)g2); }}

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Arrays, Structures And Enums

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