Array-Based Genotyping and Expression Analysis of Barley

8/14/2019 Array-Based Genotyping and Expression Analysis of Barley

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Fk HidJiltvmg

Qmbi = è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

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@qil MjjizVizimvjn mvtkjgi

Mvvm{(fmzid bil`t{qklb mld i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz è fmvgi{ ju,Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi

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Fmjcbv`yld? B`gdil Qv`hkzi kz m zmgt(t`givmlt zqvklb fmvgi{ jg`zig{ vigmtid t` Hm{tn`vqi, Zmgt

t`givmlji kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi nmz fiil mttvkfytid t` m zklbgi hytmtk`l mt tni Mvk(i g`jyz .`l 9N+vizygtklb ev`h kvvmdkmtk`l è Hm{tn`vqi, B`gdil Qv`hkzi mjjyhygmtiz g`riv zn``t Lm# j`hqmvid

t` Hm{tn`vqi rnil bv`rklb yldiv zmgkli j`ldktk`lz, Tnkz ztyd{ e`jyzid l igyjkdmtklb tni bilitkj

fmzkz mld hijnmlkzhz klu`guid kl tnkz dkeeivilji,

Vizygtz? Tni giuig è q`g{h`vqnkzh fitriil tni tr` bil`t{qiz rmz i~qg`vid yzklb tni Fmvgi{=

BiliJnkq e`v zklbgi eimtyvi q`g{h`vqnkzhz .ZEQz+ mld ml `gkb`lyjgi`tkdi q``g mzzm{ e`v zklbgi

lyjgi`tkdi q`g{h`vqnkzhz .ZLQz+, Q`g{h`vqnkzh mlmg{ziz viuimgid tnvii nmqg`t{qi fg`jcz

zqmllklb 5,4 jH l jnv`h`z`hi =N' 6:,2 jH l jnv`h`z`hi 4N mld :,1 jH l 9N, Tni Fmvgi{=

BiliJnkq rmz yzid t` i~mhkli tvmlzjvkqt mfyldmlji kl dkeeivilt tkzzyiz mld ztmbiz dyvklbdiuig`qhilt, Ziuivmg biliz rktnkl tni q`g{h`vqnkj nmqg`t{qi fg`jcz rivi dkeeiviltkmgg{ vibygmtid,

Mddktk`lmgg{' m h`vi bg`fmg dkeeivilji kl tni omzh`lkj mjkd qmtnrm{ vibygmtk`l rmz ditijtid

fitriil tni tr` bil`t{qiz,

J`ljgyzk`l? Tni vizygtz j`lekvh tnmt B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi mvi bilitkjmgg{ uiv{ jg`zig{vigmtid fyt iztmfgkzn tnmt tni{ mvi l`t kz`bilkj' mz qviuk`yzg{ viq`vtid' dyi t` tnvii q`g{h`vqnkj

nmqg`t{qi fg`jcz, Tvmlzjvkqt`hi mlmg{zkz kldkjmtiz tnmt tni vizq`lzi è tni tr` bil`t{qiz t`

zmgklkt{ ztvizz kz }ykti dkeeivilt, Mddktk`lmgg{' tni vizq`lzi t` zmgklkt{ ztvizz kl tni v``tz mld zn``t

tkzzyi kz ztvkcklbg{ dkeeivilt,

Fmjcbv`yldFmvgi{ .N`vdiyh uygbmvi G,+ kz vmtid mz m zmgt(t`givmlt hih(fiv e tni tvkfi Tvktkjimi `l tni fmzkz e bvmkl {kigd kl zmgkli

ilukv`lhiltz S=X, Zmgt t`givmlji kl Tvktkjimi kz bilivmgg{mzz`jkmtid rktn Lm# k`l i~jgyzk`l dyvklb bv`rtn yldivzmgkli j`ldktk`lz S6':X, J`lzkdivmfgi bilitkj umvkmtk`l

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2/14

FHJ Bil`hkjz 6112' >?>2 nttq?//rrr,fk`hidjiltvmg,j`h/=42=(6=54/>/>2

Qmbi 6 è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

i~kztz kl zmgt t`givmlji rktn vizqijt t` Lm# k`l i~jgyzk`l klfmvgi{ mz rigg mz kl Tvktkjimi kl bilivmg, Fmvgi{ jygtkumv'B`gdil Qv`hkzi rmz viq`vtid t` fi m bmhhm(vm{ kldyjidhytmlt è jygtkumv Hm{tn`vqi S4X, B`gdil Qv`hkzi rmzzigijtid e`v ktz dizkvmfgi mbv`l`hkj tvmktz zyjn mz zn`vt

ztmtyvi mld imvgklizz' mld fijmhi m q`qygmv hmgtklb umvk(it{, Kt rmz gmtiv dkzjùivid tnmt B`gdil Qv`hkzi mgz` nmz mh`vi ieeijtkui Lm# i~jgyzk`l tnml Hm{tn`vqi kl m zmgt t`g(ivmlji zjviilklb i~qivkhilt j`ldyjtid mt tni Zj`ttkznJv`q Vizimvjn Klztktyti S9X, B`gdil Qv`hkzi mjjyhygmtizg`riv Lm# kl zn``t tkzzyi j`hqmvid t` Hm{tn`vqi yldivnkbn zmgt j`ldktk`lz, Tnkz k`l i~jgyzk`l rmz gmtiv jnmvmj(tivkid t` fi Lm# zqijkekj, B`gdil Qv`hkzi qv`dyjidnkbniv lyhfiv è ziidz qiv qgmlt mld eiriv ztivkgi ziidztnml Hm{tn`vqi rnil i~q`zid t` zmgt ztvizz S5X,

Fizkdiz k`l i~jgyzk`l' `tniv qnil`t{qiz rnkjn dkztkl(bykzn tni hytmlt rivi m zn`vt ztkee ztvmr' zihk drmve ztmt(

yvi' m j`hqmjt kleg`vizjilji' zn`vt mrlz mld imvg{eg`rivklb, Tnkz qnil`t{qi j`hqgi~ nmz fiil mttvkfytid t`m zklbgi vijizzkui hytmtk`l jmggid BQivt tnmt hmqqid t`jnv`h`z`hi 2.9N+ è fmvgi{ limv tni jiltv`hivi S2X,BQivtrmz viq`vtid t` fi tni zklbgi cl`rl g`jyz mt rnkjnB`gdil Qv`hkzi dkeeivid ev`h Hm{tn`vqi S>X fmzid `lgmjc e q`g{h`vqnkzh ev`h v`ybng{ :11 vmld`hg{ mhqgk(ekid q`g{h`vqnkj DLMz .VMQDz+, Tnkz g`jyz rmz zyfzi(}yiltg{ zn`rl t` fi mggigkj t` tniMvk(i g`jyz mgz` g`jmtid`l 9N S;X, Tni mvk(i hytmltz kl dkeeivilt bilitkj fmjc(bv`yldz rivi mgz` zihk(drmve kl ztmtyvi mld mjjyhygmtidgizz Lm# tnml tnikv vizqijtkui qmvilt bil`t{qiz S=1X,

Tni B`gdil Qv`hkzi(Hm{tn`vqi bil`t{qkj j`hfklmtk`lqvùkdid ml mttvmjtkui h`dig e`v yldivztmldklb zmgt t`giv(mlji kl fmvgi{ mt tni h`gijygmv giuig, Nivi tni qv`bilkt`vmld tni qvizyhid zklbgi bili hytmlt dkeeiv kl zmgt t`giv(mlji mz hmlkeiztid f{ Lm# k`l i~jgyzk`l' j`yqgid rktnkhqvùid {kigd è tni hytmlt yldiv zmgkli j`ldktk`lz,Gmvbi(zjmgi tvmlzjvkqt`hi mlmg{zkz nmz fiil ihqg`{idqviuk`yzg{ t` bmkl klzkbnt klt` j`hqgi~ qnil`hilm zyjnmz zmgt ztvizz vizq`lzi S==(=:X, Tni mumkgmfkgkt{ è m fmvgi{mvvm{ viqviziltklb |66'111 tvmlzjvkqtz S=4X mee`vdid ml`qq`vtylkt{ t` ztmvt yldivztmldklb tni dkeeiviljiz kl tvml(zjvkqtk`lmg vizq`lziz fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{(tn`vqi mld t` mttihqt t` kdiltke{ tni biliz klu`guid kl

vibygmtk`l è zmgt yqtmci, Hkjv`mvvm{ tijnl`g`b{ nmz fiilyzid kl tni qmzt t` hmq hytmlt biliz zyjn mz imvg{ eg`riv(klb : .IGE:+ mld mz{hhitvkj gimuiz = .MZ=+ kl Mvmfkd`qzkzyzklb tni rn`gi bil`hi mvvm{z S=9X, Tni Mee{hitvk~Fmvgi{= BiliJnkq kz figkiuid t` qv`fi v`ybng{ nmge è tnibil`hi, Tnivie`vi ke zmgt t`givmlji e B`gdil Qv`hkzi nmzm ditijtmfgi tvmlzjvkqtk`lmg fmzkz' tnivi kz m qv`fmfkgkt{ è1,9 tnmt tni zmgt t`givmlji bili jml fi `fzivuid yzklb tniFmvgi{= BiliJnkq,

Ziuivmg mqqv`mjniz yzklb h`gijygmv hmvcivz zyjn mzVMQDz' ZZVz mld MEGQ nmui fiil yzid t` dizjvkfi tni kz`(bilkj vigmtk`lznkq fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{(tn`vqi S=5X, N`riuiv' vijilt mdumljiz kl ditijtk`l èq`g{h`vqnkzh ytkgki zi}yilji(fmzid mqqv`mjniz tnmt

nmui m emv bvimtiv hmvciv dilzkt{, @li zyjn hitn`d kz tniyzi è mvvm{z t` ditijt Zklbgi Eimtyvi Q`g{h`vqnkzhz.ZEQz+, Tni ZEQ mqqv`mjn jml divkui bil`t{qiz mz m f{(qv`dyjt e i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz' ditijtklb bilitkj q`g{h`v(qnkzh .dkeeivilji kl n{fvkdkmtk`l kltilzktkiz+ rktnkl tnitvmlzjvkfid zi}yiljiz }yivkid f{ tni mvvm{, Zyjn mlmqqv`mjn nmz fiil yzid kl ziuivmg `vbmlkzhz kljgydklbfmvgi{' Mvmfkd`qzkz mld vkji S=2(61X, Ml`tniv vijiltmdumlji nmz fiil tni diuig`qhilt è m fmvgi{ ZLQ(fmzidbilitkj hmq yzklb tni Kggyhklm B`gdil Bmti Mzzm{ S6=(6:X, Tnkz nkbn tnv`ybnqyt mqqv`mjn j`hfkliz nkbn(dil(zkt{ FimdMvvm{ tijnl`g`b{ rktn mggigi(zqijkekj i~tilzk`ljùivklb tni q`g{h`vqnkj g`jk S6=X, Tnkz tijnl`g`b{ jml

fi yzid t` zjml kl qmvmggig v`ybng{ =911 cl`rl ZLQ g`jkmjv`zz hygtkqgi bil`t{qiz, Kl tnkz ztyd{ ri j`yqgi nkbn(dilzkt{ bil`t{qklb rktn dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz t`kluiztkbmti tni fmzkz è zmgt t`givmlji è B`gdil Qv`hkzi,

VizygtzZEQ Mlmg{zkz e`v Umvkmtk`l fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld

Hm{tn`vqi

Tni giuig è q`g{h`vqnkzh fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mldHm{tn`vqi rmz kluiztkbmtid yzklb tni V`fyztkekid Qvòij(tk`l Qyvzykt hitn`d è ZEQ mlmg{zkz rnkjn nmz m umgkdm(tk`l vmti mfùi >1) S=>X, Fmzid `l m Q(umgyi jyt(èe è1,119' 54 mld 45 ZEQ qv`fi zitz rivi ditijtid ev`h tni

zn``t mld v``t dmtmzitz' vizqijtkuig{, Tni vkji vtn`g`bz etni fmvgi{ zn``t ZEQ qv`fi zitz rivi hmqqid yzklb FGMZTmld mvi dkzqgm{id kl Ekbyvi =, Ziuivmg è tni vkji `vtn`g`bzmvi j`ljiltvmtid rktnkl tr` dkztkljt zibhiltz è tni vkjibil`hi, @li kz ml igiuil bili jgyztiv .:,6 Hf+ `l zn`vtmvh è jnv`h`z`hi : è vkji' rnkjn kz z{ltilkj t` fmvgi{jnv`h`z`hi 4N, Gkcirkzi' m e`yv bili jgyztiv .4;1 Cfg`lb+ rmz e`yld `l tni vkji jnv`h`z`hi 9 .Ekbyvi =+'

rnkjn kz z{ltilkj rktn fmvgi{ jnv`h`z`hi =N, Ditmkgz èzn``t ZEQz rn`zi vkji `vtn`g`bz viz`guid klt` tnizi tr`jgyztivz mvi zn`rl kl Tmfgi =, Tni j`hqgiti gkzt è ZEQqv`fi zitz mg`lb rktn tni `ytg{klb zj`vi mld q`zktk`l ètni ZEQ qv`fiz' mld tni qv`fi zit mll`tmtk`lz ev`h Nmv(

uIZT?Fmvgi{ mvi mumkgmfgi mz zyqqgihiltmg dmtm .Mddk(tk`lmg ekgiz =' 6' : mld 4+, ZEQ mlmg{zkz è B`gdil Qv`hkzi

uivzyz Hm{tn`vqi viuimgid m g`r giuig è q`g{h`vqnkzhùivmgg rnil j`hqmvid rktn tni `tniv fmvgi{ bil`t{qij`hqmvkz`lz viq`vtid kl S=>X, Tnkz kz j`lzkztilt rktnB`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi fiklb uiv{ jg`zig{ vigmtidbilitkjmgg{, N`riuiv' tni ZEQ mlmg{zkz iztmfgkznid tnmtHm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi dkeeiv f{ h`vi tnml m zkl(bgi hytmtk`l,
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3/14


Qmbi : è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

ZLQ q`g{h`vqnkzhz fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mldHm{tn`vqi

T` h`vi eygg{ bmybi tni giuig è q`g{h`vqnkzh fitriilB`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi tni Kggyhklm @QM bil`(t{qklb mzzm{ rmz ihqg`{id, Tnkz mzzm{ rmz zit(yq yzklb=964 fmvgi{ ZLQz mz dizjvkfid kl S66X, Imjn ZLQ kljgydidkl tni mzzm{ nmz m j`vvizq`ldklb &ylkbili& kl Nmv(

uIZT?Fmvgi{ divkuid ev`h mzzihfg{ :6 S=4X, @e tni =964g`jk' ==9: rivi yzid t` bilivmti m fmvgi{ bilitkj hmq,

Mh`lb tnizi hmqqid ZLQz =4 g`jk rivi kdiltkekid mz q`g( {h`vqnkj fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi,Tnizi g`jk' tnikv j`vvizq`ldklb ylkbiliz' mld eyljtk`lmgmll`tmtk`lz e`yld yzklb ylkbili zi}yiljiz mvi gkztid kl

Tmfgi 6, Tr` è tnizi g`jk hmq t` 9N' ziqmvtid f{ : jH, Tnizi tr` g`jk `l 9N mvi mf`yt 91 jH ev`h tni Mvk(ig`jyz, Ziuil jgyztiv t` m 6:,2 jH vibk`l è 4N zqmllklbtni jiltv`hivi, Tni `tniv ekui g`jk mvi rktnkl m 5,4 jHjgyztiv `l tni dkztmg ild è tni g`lb mvh è =N, Tni jgyz(tivz è ZLQz `l =N mld 4N j`vvizq`ld t` tni vibk`lzkdiltkekid f{ ZEQ mlmg{zkz' iuil kljgydklb z`hi è tnizmhi fmvgi{ biliz kdiltkekid mz ZEQ qv`fi zitz, Mgg e`yv(tiil ZLQ g`jk mld tnikv j`vvizq`ldklb vkji `vtn`g`bz mvidkzqgm{id kl Ekbyvi 6,

Bil`t{qi J`hqmvkz`lz mt Tvmlzjvkqt`hi Giuig

T` kdiltke{ dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid biliz fitriil B`gdil

Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi tni jv`rl mld bv`rklb q`klt tkz(zyi mld tni v``t tkqz rivi zmhqgid ev`h f`tn bil`t{qizbv`rklb yldiv j`ltv`g mld zmgklkt{ ztvizzid j`ldktk`lz e`vtvmlzjvkqt`hi mlmg{zkz, Tni jv`rl mld bv`rklb q`klt tkz(zyi j`lzkztz e hivkztihmtkj jiggz mld bviil bv`rklb q`klt`ftmklid f{ vihùklb tni znimtn tkzzyi, Tni tivh &zn``ttkzzyi& kz yzid kl tnkz hmlyzjvkqt t` dizjvkfi tni jv`rlmld bv`rklb q`klt tkzzyi, Tni ztmtkztkjmg mlmg{zkz e`v dkeeiv(iltkmg i~qvizzk`l rmz qive`vhid rktn Zkblkekjmlji Mlmg{(zkz è Hkjv`mvvm{ .ZMH+ zètrmvi S64X yzklb tnviikldiqildilt fk`g`bkjmg viqgkjmtiz, Biliz tnmt rivi dkeeiv(

iltkmgg{ vibygmtid fitriil tni bil`t{qiz 69 dm{z metiv biv(hklmtk`l mvi gkztid kl Tmfgi :, Lkli qv`fi zitz rividkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid kl zn``t tkzzyi mt m }(umgyi jyt(èeè =1) .Mddktk`lmg ekgiz 9+, Mt tni zmhi tnvizn`gd l` dke(eiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid qv`fi zit kl tni v``tz rivi e`yld,N`riuiv' eketiil dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid qv`fi zitz rivikdiltkekid kl v``tz mt m 69) }(umgyi tnvizn`gd .Mddktk`lmgekgiz 5+, Tnvii qv`fi zitz rivi znmvid fitriil tni zn``tmld v``t j`hqmvkz`lz, Tnizi kljgydi m gmti ihfv{`bilizkzqv`tikl .Gim+ mld m qv`tikl rktn m JJT .J`' J`(gkci' T`j=+h`tke yq(vibygmtid kl Hm{tn`vqi' mld J`ltkb5>49Pmti~qvizzklb mt m nkbniv giuig kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Qv`fi zitJ`ltkb5>49Pmt nmz l` zi}yilji hmtjn t` m cl`rl bili,

Tni j`lzilzyz zi}yilji e`v tnkz qv`fi zit kz divkuid ev`hjDLMz ev`h e`yv dkeeivilt fmvgi{ bil`t{qiz kljgydklbB`gdil Qv`hkzi' qvùkdklb j`lekdilji tnmt kt kz kldiid mfmvgi{ bili,

Zklji tni qnil`t{qkj dkeeiviljiz fitriil Hm{tn`vqi mldB`gdil Qv`hkzi rivi qgik`tv`qkj' kt rmz khq`vtmlt t`mzjivtmkl n`r imvg{ kl ziidgklb diuig`qhilt tni dkeeiv(ilji fitriil tni tr` jygtkumvz mt i~qvizzk`l giuigfij`hiz mqqmvilt, Tnivie`vi tni zn``t tkzzyi è =1(dm{`gd ziidgklbz bv`rklb yldiv ylztvizzid j`ldktk`lz ev`hB`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi rivi zmhqgid e`v mlylviqgkjmtid i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz i~qivkhilt, Mt m tr`(

e`gd jyt(èe giuig' := qv`fi zitz rivi dkeeiviltkmgg{i~qvizzid, Mt m h`vi vigm~id jyt(èe è =,5(e`gd' >= qv`fizitz rivi dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid fitriil tni tr` bil`(t{qiz, Kt rmz `fzivuid tnmt ziuil è tni lkli qv`fi zitzkdiltkekid ev`h zn``t mlmg{zkz kl m eygg{ viqgkjmtid i~qivk(hilt .Tmfgi :+ rivi mgz` kl tnkz gkzt e >= qv`fi zitz, Tniziqv`fi zitz mvi dil`tid rktn [ e`v {`ylb zn``t mlmg{zkz kl

Tmfgi :,

Tni bil`t{qkj mvvm{ mlmg{zkz rmz i~tildid f{ yzklb tnifmvgi{ hkjv`mvvm{ vieivilji dmtmzit S69X, Tnkz dmtmzit rmz

Tmfgi =? Gkzt è zigijtid fmvgi{ ZEQz mld tnikv vkji `vtn`g`bz rnkjn viz`gui klt` tkbnt jgyztivz

ZEQ Qv`fi Zit @ytg{klb Zj`vi Ylkbili Vkji G`jyz Vkji G`jyz 9" kl Hf

J`ltkb>;>1Pmt 66,4 5516 @z1:b1::;1 =,46::4=

J`ltkb=4992Pmt 65,5 ==29: @z1:b1:4=1 =,4:9>5;

J`ltkb=96;4Pmt =;,2 =642; @z1:b1:451 =,4299;1J`ltkb>>>1Pmt :;,9 55=6 @z1:b1:>:1 =,215691

IFv`1>PZ]114PE19Pmt 42,4 624== @z1:b14991 6,=16>1:

J`ltkb61:4PzPmt =2,4 =:29 @z1:b192:1 6,>:92;6

J`ltkb9=;>PzPmt 66,5 :214 @z1:b15661 :,1;91;2

J`ltkb=12;5Pmt 66,6 >4;> @z1:b12>11 :,;4;:62

J`ltkb9261Pmt :=,5 4=:: @z1:b12>21 :,;>1221

J`ltkb=:5:>Pmt =2,= ==614 @z1:b12;21 4,1952:9

J`ltkb51=9Pmt =5,> 4:>> @z1:b1>;41 4,5=4699

J`ltkb==552Pmt 62,= ;166 @z19b91>11 6;,194=;=

J`ltkb49;:Pmt =;,: :649 @z19b91>=1 6;,15=691

J`ltkb==>>:Pmt 49,1 ;6=6 @z19b91;21 6;,=59>=4

J`ltkb=4=65Pmt :1,9 =1>14 @z19b9=591 6;,9:;2;1
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4/14



bilivmtid ev`h tr` fmvgi{ bil`t{qiz' H`vi~ mld B`gdilQv`hkzi' yzklb m dkuivzi zivkiz è tkzzyiz mld kz mumkgmfgiev`h Qgmlt I~qvizzk`l Dmtmfmzi .QGI^df+, Tni vmtk`lmgie`v g``cklb mt tni B`gdil Qv`hkzi(H`vi~ dmtm rmz tnmtml{ i~qvizzk`l dkeeivilji `fzivuid fitriil B`gdilQv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi dyi t` bmhhm(vm{ tvimthilt kz

mgz` gkcig{ t` ihivbi ev`h m j`hqmvkz`l è B`gdil Qv`h(kzi rktn `tniv bil`t{qiz kljgydklb H`vi~, M bil`t{qkjj`hqmvkz`l è B`gdil Qv`hkzi rktn H`vi~ {kigdid ;99qv`fi zitz mz dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid rnil j`hqmvklb tnizmhi tkzzyi t{qiz mz kl tnkz ztyd{, Ztvklbilt ztmtkztkjmg mlmg(

{zkz yzklb ZMH rmz mgz` ihqg`{id `l tnkz tvkqgkjmti dmtm(zit e`v dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l, @l j`hqmvklb tni B`gdilQv`hkzi(H`vi~ qv`fi zit gkzt t` tni B`gdil Qv`hkzi(Hm{(tn`vqi gkzt kl Tmfgi :' zk~ è tni lkli qv`fi zitz kdiltkekidkl tni zn``t Hm{tn`vqi(B`gdil Qv`hkzi j`hqmvkz`l

rivi e`yld kl j`hh`l rktn H`vi~(B`gdil Qv`hkzi

j`hqmvkz`l .dil`tid rktn H+, Zk~ è tni =9 qv`fi zitzkdiltkekid ev`h tni Hm{tn`vqi(B`gdil Qv`hkzi v``t tkz(zyi j`hqmvkz`l rivi mgz` kdiltkekid kl tni B`gdil Qv`h(kzi(H`vi~ j`hqmvkz`l, Tnizi qv`fi zitz rnkjn rividivkuid ev`h kltivzijtk`l è tr` bil`t{qkj j`hqmvkz`lzj`lztktyti m h`vi v`fyzt gkzt è biliz e`v dkeeiviltkmg

i~qvizzk`l kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi tnml r`ygd m gkzt divkuidev`h `lg{ tni B`gdil Qv`hkzi(Hm{tn`vqi j`hqmvkz`l,

Zklji tni BQivthytmtk`l kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi rmz qviuk(`yzg{ hmqqid t` fmvgi{ jnv`h`z`hi 9N mz ml mggigi ètni mvk(i g`jyz S2X' ri klktkmgg{ yzid rnimt(fmvgi{ mddktk`lgkli e`v 9N S65X t` ditivhkli ke ml{ è tni vibygmtid bilizkdiltkekid ev`h mvvm{ mlmg{zkz hmq t` 9N, Zk~ biliz ilj`d(klb GIM qv`tikl' JJT h`tke emhkg{ qv`tikl' Nym=' viqgkjm(tk`l qv`tikl M .ViqM+' Jmtmgmzi= mld my~kl vizq`lzi emjt`v.Mve6+ ev`h Tmfgi : rivi zigijtid, Zigijtk`l è tnizi biliz

Vkji `vtn`g`bz è fmvgi{ biliz rktn zklbgi eimtyvi q`g{h`vqnkzhz .ZEQz+Ekbyvi =Vkji `vtn`g`bz è fmvgi{ biliz rktn zklbgi eimtyvi q`g{h`vqnkzhz .ZEQz+, Vkji bil`hi dkzqgm{ rktn vkji `vtn`g`bz.uivtkjmg fmvz+ è fmvgi{ biliz rnkjn rivi q`g{h`vqnkj fitriil Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Tnizi q`g{h`vqnkj g`jkrivi kdiltkekid yzklb tni ZEQ mlmg{zkz ev`h tni zn``t dmtmzit, Tr` vkji bili jgyztivz .f`~id+ `l Jnv`h`z`hi : mld 9 rivikdiltkekid ev`h tni ZEQ mlmg{zkz,

=

6

:

4

9

5

2

>

;

=1

==

=6

1 =1 61 :1 41 Hf
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5/14



rmz fmzid `l tnikv kdiltkekjmtk`l ev`h tr` `v h`vii~qvizzk`l(fmzid bil`t{qkj j`hqmvkz`lz klu`guklb =1(dm{ mld 69(dm{ B`gdil Qv`hkzi(Hm{tn`vqi j`hqmvkz`lzmld tni B`gdil Qv`hkzi(H`vi~ j`hqmvkz`lz, Tni 9Nmddktk`l gkli j`lzkztz è dkz`hkj 9N ev`h Fitiz fmvgi{ kltni Jnklizi Zqvklb ni~mqg`kd rnimt fmjcbv`yld .Ekbyvi:+, L`li è tnizi biliz hmqqid `l 9N' j`lzkztilt rktnZEQ mld ZLQ mlmg{zkz, Eyvtnivh`vi' zki q`g{h`vqnkzhzkl tni mhqgkj`lz e`v JJT h`tke qv`tikl' mld jmtmgmzi= mldm hkzzklb fmld e`v Hm{tn`vqi .qviziljimfzilji q`g{(h`vqnkzh+ kl tni jmzi eMve6rivi ditijtid, Tnizi mhqgk(j`l zki q`g{h`vqnkzhz kldkjmtid tnmt tnizi tnvii biliz

rivi l`t lg{ dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid fyt rivi kl dkeeiviltmggigkj e`vhz kl tni tr` bil`t{qiz, Tni dkeeivilji kli~qvizzk`l e`v JJT h`tke qv`tikl mld jmtmgmzi= rmz umgk(dmtid rktn zihk(}ymltktmtkui VT(QJV .Ekbyvi 4+,

Dkeeiviltkmg I~qvizzk`l kl Vizq`lzi t` Zmgklkt{ Ztvizz

N`r dkeeivilt mvi tni zmgklkt{ ztvizz vizq`lziz è tr` bil(`t{qiz rnkjn mvi bilitkjmgg{ uiv{ zkhkgmv fyt dkeeiv kl zmgt(t`givmlji0 N`r d` tni tvmlzjvkqtk`lmg vizq`lziz è v``tzj`hqmvi t` tn`zi è zn``t yldiv zmgklkt{ ztvizz e`v m bkuilbil`t{qi0 T` mddvizz tnizi }yiztk`lz' tni zn``t mld v``tzmhqgiz ev`h j`ltv`g mld ztvizzid j`ldktk`lz mt 69(dm{tkhi q`klt ev`h B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi rivi

j`hqmvid, Dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz rmz qive`vhidyzklb ZMH mld tni emgzi dkzjùiv{ vmti .EDV+ rmz j`ltv`g(gid t` fi fig`r =9), Gkztz è dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzidbiliz kl vizq`lzi t` zmgklkt{ ztvizz `fzivuid kl B`gdilQv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi mvi qvùkdid mz mddktk`lmg ekgiz .2t` =4+, Tni lyhfiv è qv`fi zitz vizq`ldklb zkblkekjmltg{t` zmgklkt{ tvimthilt e`v imjn è tni bil`t{qi mld tkzzyij`hfklmtk`lz kz zn`rl kl Ekbyvi 9M, Tni vizygtz zn`r tnmtm nkbniv lyhfiv è biliz mvi zmgt ztvizz vibygmtid kl tniv``tz j`hqmvid t` tni zn``t tkzzyi kl f`tn bil`t{qiz,

Mddktk`lmgg{' v``tz kl f`tn bil`t{qiz vizq`ldid f{

d`rl(vibygmtk`l è h`vi biliz tnml f{ yq(vibygmtk`l,Tni zmgklkt{ ztvizz vizq`lzi è B`gdil Qv`hkzi kz zkblkek(jmltg{ dkeeivilt j`hqmvid t` Hm{tn`vqi .Ekbyvi 9F+, Tnkzdkeeivilji kz h`vi mqqmvilt kl tni v``t j`hqmvkz`lz,

Tnizi vizygtz kldkjmti tnmt tni vizq`lzi è v``tz t` zmgklkt{ztvizz mt tni tvmlzjvkqtk`lmg giuig kz uiv{ dkeeivilt ev`h tnizn``tz kl f`tn bil`t{qiz, @lg{ =5 mld ; qv`fi zitz rivie`yld t` fi j`hh`lg{ kldyjid fitriil v``tz mld zn``tzkl B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi' vizqijtkuig{, @e tnizi'4 qv`fi zitz rivi kldyjid kl tni v``tz mld zn``t tkzzyi èf`tn bil`t{qiz, Tni qv`fi zitz viqvizilt digtm(g(q{vv`(

gkli(9(jmvf`~{gmti z{ltnitmzi' m gkqkd tvmlzeiv qv`tikl'qn`zqnìtnml`gmhkli j{tkd{gtvmlzeivmzi mld fmvgi{din{dvkl 2, Tnvii è tnizi biliz mvi mzz`jkmtid rktn mfk(`tkj ztvizz vizq`lzi kl qgmltz,

Dkzjyzzk`l mld J`ljgyzk`lBilitkj Q`g{h`vqnkzh fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld

Hm{tn`vqi

Tni vizygtz qviziltid jgimvg{ zn`r tnmt B`gdil Qv`hkzimld Hm{tn`vqi mvi q`g{h`vqnkj mt hygtkqgi g`jk, E`yv(tiil q`g{h`vqnkj ZLQ g`jk viz`gui klt` tnvii jgyztivz `l=N' 4N mld 9N .Ekb, 6+' tr` è rnkjn .=N mld 4N+ rivimgz` e`yld f{ ZEQ mlmg{zkz .Ekb, =+ mld f{ tni q`zktk`l è

g`jk rktn mhqgkj`l zki q`g{h`vqnkzhz .Ekbz, 6 mld :+,Tnizi tr` bil`t{qiz rivi qviuk`yzg{ viq`vtid t` fi kz`(bilkj dkeeivklb mt m zklbgi g`jyz' BQivt`l 9N S5'=5'62X,Jivtmklg{ tnkz kz l`t tni lg{ dkeeivilji fitriil tni mjjiz(zk`lz è Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi tnmt ri mlm(g{id, M dkeeivilt mjjizzk`l è Hm{tn`vqi rktn m zgkbntg{dkeeivilt bilitkj j`lztktytk`l' viegijtklb vizkdymg q`g{h`v(qnkzh rktnkl tni jygtkumv' qv`fmfg{ rmz yzid mz tni qmviltè B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Tni q`g{h`vqnkzh `l 9N kz mt mf`yt91 jH dkztmlji ev`h tniMvk(i g`jyz' z` tni qvizilji e tnkz9N nmqg`t{qi fg`jc kl tni mjjizzk`l è Hm{tn`vqi tnmt

Tmfgi 6? Gkzt è fmvgi{ q`g{h`vqnkj ZLQ ylkbiliz fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi

ZLQ Ylkbili Fmvgi{ Bv`yq Vkji G`jyz Qytmtkui Eyljtk`l ZEQ Qv`fi Zit

:; 9N @z1>b1=5;1 tvmlzq`z`l qv`tikl (

:65: 9N @z14b15221 Qkrk d`hmkl j`ltmklklb qv`tikl (

:21 9N @z1;b:1:41 Qn`t`z{ztih K vimjtk`l jiltiv U (65=4 4N @z1:b1:9=1 JKQC(gkci qv`tikl = (

55=6 4N @z1:b1:>:1 IE nmld emhkg{ qv`tikl J`ltkb>>>1Pmt

:214 4N @z1:b15661 MTQ(diqildilt VLM nigkjmzi J`ltkb9=;>PzPmt

6=;4 4N @z1:b15561 ='6(dkn{dv`~{(:(cit`(9(hitn{gtnk`qiltili dk`~{bilmzi (

4;>5 4N @z1:b12>41 Mdil{g`zyjjklmti z{ltnitmzi (

4= 4N @z19b6:511 Vkf`qn`vkl K emhkg{ qv`tikl J`ltkb424>PzPmt

4;>> 4N @z1>b:2=>1 Qmtmtkl(gkci qn`zqn`gkqmzi qv`tikl (

9999 =N @z19b91661 Qiv`~kz`hmg hihfvmli mljn`v qv`tikl (

4192 =N @z19b9=4>1 DLM dmhmbi fkldklb qv`tikl =m (

=19=9 =N @z1=b24161 h{f(gkci DLM(fkldklb d`hmkl (

==494 =N @z1=b46;51 TQV D`hmkl j`ltmklklb qv`tikl J`ltkb=49;1Pmt
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6/14



rmz i~mhklid kz ztkgg j`lzkztilt rktn m hytmtk`lmg vkbklm(tk`l è B`gdil Qv`hkzi ev`h Hm{tn`vqi,

L`li è tni qv`fi zitz viqviziltklb tni =4 ZLQ g`jk rivie`yld t` fi dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid kl tni bil`t{qkj j`h(qmvkz`lz kl f`tn tkzzyi t{qiz, Mddktk`lmgg{' tni =4 qv`fizitz rivi e`yld t` l`t vizq`ld t` zmgt ztvizz kl tni tr`bil`t{qiz, Z`hi è tni vkji `vtn`g`bz è fmvgi{ qv`fi zitzkdiltkekid mz dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid kl bil`t{qkj j`hqmv(kz`lz g`jmgkid kl tni ukjklkt{ e q`g{h`vqnkj nmqg`fg`jcz.Ekbyvi 6+, Ziuil q`g{h`vqnkj ZLQ g`jk fitriil B`gdilQv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi jgyztivid mv`yld tni 4N jiltv`(

hivi mld 9 è tnizi j`vvizq`ldid t` ml `vtn`g`b`yz vkjivibk`l zqmllklb 6,9 Hf è jnv`h`z`hi :, Tr` g`jk.kljgydklb Jmtmgmzi=+ rivi e`yld t` fi dkeeiviltkmgg{i~qvizzid ev`h tni BiliJnkq mlmg{zkz, Tni zibhilt `ltni g`lb mvh è =N mld ktz j`vvizq`ldklb vkji jnv`h`(z`hi 9 zibhilt .7= Hf+ mgz` ihivbid mz dkeeiviltfitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi, Tnkz zibhiltkljgydiz tni vkji `vtn`g`bz è tni JJT h`tke qv`tikl mldtni Gim qv`tikl fizkdiz ml MMM(t{qi MTQmzi, F`tn JJTmld Gim qv`tikl ilj`dklb biliz rivi tni `lg{ tr` bilizj`lzkztiltg{ kdiltkekid ev`h dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l mlmg{(

zkz klu`guklb B`gdil Qv`hkzi' Hm{tn`vqi mld H`vi~ klmgg tkzzyi t{qiz mld ztmbiz, Tni dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l è

MMM(t{qi MTQmzi kz khq`vtmlt kl j`lti~t e m vijilt viq`vtrnkjn jnmvmjtivkid ml kji qgmlt MMM(T{qi MTQmzi bili'ZCD= mld zybbiztid m v`gi kl j`hqmvthiltmgkmtk`l èi~jizz Lm# S6>X,

B`gdil Qv`hkzi Qnil`t{qi mld Vibygmtid Biliz

Tni biliz kdiltkekid f{ tni bil`t{qkj mlmg{ziz qive`vhidkl tnkz ztyd{ .Tmfgi :+ d` l`t nmui ml `fuk`yz eyljtk`lmgmzz`jkmtk`l rktn tni emu`vmfgi Lm# n`hi`ztmzkz hmkl(tmklid f{ B`gdil Qv`hkzi, L` cl`rl Lm# tvmlzq`vtivz

j`leivvklb tnkz tvmkt rivi kdiltkekid, Tr` q`zzkfgi i~qgmlm(tk`lz jml fi qv`q`zid e`v tnkz? =+ z`hi è tni bilizg`jkkdiltkekid nmui l` mll`tmtk`l' `v nmui zi}yilji hmtjn t`ml yljnmvmjtivkid i~qvizzid qv`tikl3 tnizi yljnmvmjtiv(kid biliz j`ygd fi vibygmtklb k`l n`hi`ztmzkz 6+ tniFmvgi{= BiliJnkq dìz l`t qv`fi tni tvmlzjvkqt rnkjnjml fi dkvijtg{ mzz`jkmtid rktn emu`vmfgi k`l n`hi`ztmzkzkl B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Mgg tni i~qvizzk`l mld q`g{h`vqnkzhfmzid mqqv`mjniz yzid kl tnkz ztyd{ mvi dkvijtg{ `v kldk(vijtg{ divkuid ev`h tni IZT zi}yilji mzzihfg{ qv`fid f{

Q`g{h`vqnkj g`jk `l fmvgi{ bilitkj hmqEkbyvi 6Q`g{h`vqnkj g`jk `l fmvgi{ bilitkj hmq, Q`g{h`vqnkj g`jk fitriil Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi `l fmvgi{ bilitkjhmq mld q`zktk`l è j`vvizq`ldklb vkji `vtn`g`bz `l tni bil`hi, Tni ekbyvi zn`rz tni q`g{h`vqnkj g`jk .=4 ylkbiliz+fitriil tni tr` bil`t{qiz ditijtid f{ ZLQ mlmg{zkz .z`gkd gkli+, Tni vkji `vtn`g`bz è tnizi fmvgi{ ylkbiliz divkuid f{FGMZT nkt t` vkji dmtmfmzi mvi qgmjid `l tni giet è kldkukdymg fmvgi{ jnv`h`z`hiz .=N' 4N' 9N+, Tni vkji `vtn`g`bz è fmvgi{biliz kdiltkekid f{ i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz .kl ktmgkjz+ mld ev`h ZEQ mlmg{zkz .f`~id+ mvi mgz` zn`rl, Tnkz kggyztvmtiz tni vibk`lz ènmqg`t{qi q`g{h`vqnkzh fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi `l fmvgi{ jnv`h`z`hiz =N' 4N mld 9N,

=N 4N 9N

:;

4=:21

6=;4

65=4

:214

4192

4;>54;>>

9999

55=6

@z Jn >@z Jn :

@z Jn 9

@z19b91661 6>,5; Hf

@z19b9=4>1 6;,46 Hf

@z19b6:511 =:,49 Hf

@z1:b15661 :,1; Hf

@z1:b12>41 :,;5 Hf@z1:b1:>:1 =,21 Hf

@z1:b1:9=1 =,4; Hf

@z1:b15561 :,:= Hf

@z1>b1=5;11,:; Hf

@z1>b:2=>1 6:,:5 Hf

GIM

6;,92 HfJJT qv`tikl

6>,;> Hf

jmtmgmzi =,25 Hf@z1:b14991 6,1= Hf

6;,1= HfMMM(MTQmzi=19=9==494

:65:
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7/14



tni Fmvgi{= BiliJnkq, @yv mlmg{zkz dkd l`t }yiv{ iuiv{

bili kl fmvgi{ bil`hi,

G`r Lm# mjjyhygmtk`l nmz fiil mzz`jkmtid rktn imvg{eg`rivklb biliz kl Tvktkjimi S6;':1X, Kt kz l`tir`vtn{ tnmtB`gdil Qv`hkzi rmz viq`vtid t` eg`riv imvgkiv tnml Hm{(tn`vqi S=5X, Imvg{ eg`rivklb kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi rmz mgz``fzivuid yldiv `yv i~qivkhiltmg j`ldktk`lz, @yv i~qviz(zk`l mlmg{zkz kdiltkekid m bili rktn JJT h`tke mz dkeeivil(tkmgg{ i~qvizzid fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi,

Tni JJT h`tke kz qvizilt kl ziuivmg biliz cl`rl t` viby(gmti eg`rivklb tkhi S:=X, Kt vmkziz tni q`zzkfkgkt{ e tni JJTh`tke fig`lbklb t` m viqvizz`v è eg`rivklb' rnkjn kzd`rl(vibygmtid kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Tr` `tniv biliz

rnkjn ihivbid ev`h tni i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz mvi cl`rlvibygmt`vz è kleg`vizjiljieg`riv mvjnktijtyvi, Ekvzt kzNym=rnkjn kz yq(vibygmtid kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi kl {`ylb'=1(dm{ mz rigg mz 69(dm{ `gd qgmltz kl tni zn``t tkzzyi,Nym= kz ml VLM fkldklb qv`tikl rnkjn kz klu`guid kleg`riv diuig`qhilt klMvmfkd`qzkz S:6X, Tni zij`ld biliilj`diz ml my~kl vizq`lzi emjt`v 6 .Mve6+, M hytmtk`l klMve6 klMvmfkd`qzkz kz cl`rl t` vizygt kl qgik`tv`qkj ieeijtz`l tni qnil`t{qi S::(:9X, Tni mve6 hytmltz mvi viq`vtidt` nmui kljvimzid ziid zki mld gmvbiv mivkmg `vbmlz'

digm{id eg`rivklb mld gime zilizjilji mh`lb `tniv qni(

l`t{qiz,

Kltvkbyklbg{' z`hi è tni qnil`t{qiz dkztklbykznklbB`gdil Qv`hkzi ev`h Hm{tn`vqi kljgydi zhmgg ziid zki'mld dijvimzid qgmlt nikbnt' j`hqmjt kleg`vizjilji mldimvg{ eg`rivklb S=5X, Kt kz qivtklilt t` q`klt `yt tnmt l`liè tnizi tnvii biliz hmq t` jnv`h`z`hi 9N è fmvgi{

rnivi tni `vkbklmg hytmtk`l .mvk(i+ kz hmqqid, Tnivie`vi'ke tnizi biliz j`ltv`g tni `fzivuid qnil`t{qiz zyjn mzeg`rivklb tkhi dkeeivilji mld ziid zki umvkmtk`l' tnil tnidkeeiviljiz jmll`t fi mttvkfytid t`Mvk(i g`jyz `l 9N,

Dkeeiviltkmg Vizq`lzi t` Zmgklkt{ Ztvizz

J`lzkdivklb tni bilitkj dkeeivilji fitriil Hm{tn`vqimld B`gdil Qv`hkzi kl vibygmtk`l è zn``t Lm# n`hi`z(tmzkz yldiv zmgt ztvizz' ri e`yld tni dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`lè tr` jmtk`l tvmlzq`vt vigmtid biliz t` fi qmvtkjygmvg{kltiviztklb, M Lm#Jm6# i~jnmlbiv qv`tikl.J`ltkb49=9Pmt+ rmz d`rl(vibygmtid kl Hm{tn`vqi v``tzkl vizq`lzi t` zmgklkt{ ztvizz .}(umgyi' ;,4)+, Zyqqgihil(tmg Jm6# kz cl`rl t` vidyji Lm# klegy~ kl qgmlt S:5':X, Tnid`rl(vibygmtk`l è tni Lm#Jm6# i~jnmlbiv kl Hm{tn`vqifyt l`t kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi hm{ i~qgmkl tni g`r Lm# mjjy(hygmtk`l tvmkt è B`gdil Qv`hkzi mz rigg mz tni zyqqgi(

Tmfgi :? Gkzt è qv`fi zitz rnkjn mvi dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi yldiv ylztvizzid

Qv`fi zit KD Qytmtkui Eyljtk`l Vkji Jnv, 9" Vkji Bili I~qvizzk`l % Jvktivkm }(umgyi ) e gd jnmlbi

V``t J`hqmvkz`l

J`ltkb>196Pmt zqgkjklb emjt`v QRK d`hmkl qv`tikl : 6;46;2;9 HT yq3 V 69 6,1

J`ltkb:>46Pmt GIM qv`tikl 9 6>;>26>2 HT yq3 VZH 69 :4,:J`ltkb5=59Pmt JJT h`tke qv`tikl 9 6;92:6;: HT yq3 VZH 69 ;,;

J`ltkb=9429Pmt vitkjygkli ~kdmzi qvijyvz`v 5 6124:5;; HT yq3 V 69 5,=

J`ltkb6::;5Pmt i~qvizzid qv`tikl ( ( HT yq3 VH 69 6,5

J`ltkb5>49Pmt l` nkt ( ( BQ yq3 VZ 69 6,;

J`ltkb69=1Pmt i~qvizzid qv`tikl ( ( BQ yq3 V 69 =,>

J`ltkb69;:2Pmt ztvyjtyvmg hmkltilmlji e jnv .ZHJ+ ( ( BQ yq3 V 69 =,2

J`ltkb=2:96Pmt i~qvizzid qv`tikl ( ( BQ yq3 V 69 =,2

NUZHIl1119G=9e i~qvizzid qv`tikl ( ( BQ yq3 V 69 =,2

J`ltkb=>5;;Pmt klj eklbiv .J:NJ4(t{qi VKLB eklbiv+ = :;;595:1 BQ yq3 V 69 =,>

J`ltkb262:PzPmt viqgkjmtk`l qv`tikl M6 6 694164;; BQ yq3 V 69 9,1

J`ltkb6946>Pmt VQM :6 cDm 6 694164;; BQ yq3 VH 69 6,5

J`ltkb64;29Pmt i~qvizzid qv`tikl 4 =1;296;: BQ yq3 V 69 =,2

J`ltkb=1115Pmt MMM(t{qi MTQmzi emhkg{ qv`tikl 9 6;1=99>6 BQ yq3 V 69 6,6

Zn``t J`hqmvkz`l

J`ltkb:>46Pmt GIM qv`tikl 9 6>;>26>2 HT yq3 ZV[H =1 =4,4J`ltkb5=59Pmt JJT h`tke qv`tikl 9 6;92:6;: HT yq3 ZV[H =1 9,2

IFv`1>PZ]114PE19 i~qvizzid qv`tikl : 6=16>1: HT yq3 Z[ =1 6,>

NUPJIf111:I=;v6 My~kl vizq`lzi emjt`v 6 = 4=1669=: HT yq3 ZH =1 6,1

J`ltkb5>49Pmt l` nkt ( ( BQ yq3 ZVH =1 =1,2

Z1111>116:4J1=E= i~qvizzid qv`tikl 2 946;>9: BQ yq3 Z[H =1 :,:

N^1=D64rPmt i~qvizzid qv`tikl 2 946;>9: BQ yq3 Z[H =1 =,9

J`ltkb=>45PzPmt Jmtmgmzi= : =25;=4; BQ yq3 Z[ =1 :,4

J`ltkb==694Pmt eg`vmg n`hi`tkj qv`tikl .NYM=+ = 64>1962; BQ yq3 Z[ =1 :,4

V? v``t BQ(HT j`hqmvkz`l è 69(dm{ `gd qgmltz3 Z? zn``t BQ(HT j`hqmvkz`l è 69(dm{ `gd qgmltz3 [? zn``t BQ(HT j`hqmvkz`l è =1(dm{ `gdqgmltz3 H? hygtkqgi
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8/14


Qmbi > è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

hiltmg Jm6#(gklcid Lm# ieegy~ viq`vtid f{ ziuivmg

vizimvjnivz, Ml`tniv bili rktn m zkhkgmv i~qvizzk`l qvèkgiilj`diz m umjy`gmv jmtk`lqv`t`l i~jnmlbiv.J`ltkb46=6PzPmt+, Tnkz bili nmz m zi}yilji hmtjn klMvmfkd`qzkz dmtmfmzi t` m jmgjkyh qv`t`l mltkq`vtiv' Jm~:,Kt kz m Jm6# i~jnmlbiv qvid`hklmltg{ mjtkui kl v``t t`l`(qgmztz mld kz vi}ykvid e`v bv`rtn mld lytvkilt mj}ykzktk`lS:2X,

Omzh`lkj mjkd .OM+ vigmtid biliz rivi dkeeiviltg{ vibygmtidkl tni tr` bil`t{qiz, Ziuivmg è tni OM fk`z{ltnitkj qmtn(

rm{ biliz rivi d`rl(vibygmtid kl vizq`lzi t` zmgklkt{ kl

Hm{tn`vqi, Tnizi kljgydid =6(`~`qn{t`dkil`mti vidyjt(

mzi 6 .@qv6+' mggili `~kdi z{ltnmzi .M`z+' mld gkq`~{bil(mziz .G`~6 mld G`~:+, Kl j`ltvmzt' fk`z{ltnizkz bili mggili`~kdi j{jgmzi .M`j+ mld tr` omzh`lkj mjkd(kldyjid qv`(tiklz .OKQz+ rivi yq(vibygmtid kl B`gdil Qv`hkzi fyt l`tkl Hm{tn`vqi kl vizq`lzi t` ztvizz .Tmfgi 4+, Tni mggili`~kdi z{ltnmzi .M`z+ bili viqviziltid f{ J`ltkb:1;2Pmt.Ylkbili 61;4+ `l tni mvvm{ rmz e`yld t` nmui ml ZEQ .Q7 1,19+ fitriil B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi, Kltiv(iztklbg{' tnkz bili hmqz t` tni nmqg`fg`jc `l 4N mt 5=,2jH, Dkeeiviltkmg vibygmtk`l è omzh`lkj mjkd vigmtid bilizfitriil tni tr` bil`t{qiz jml q`tiltkmgg{ fi dyi q`g{(

Dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid biliz mld 9N rnimt(fmvgi{ mddktk`l gkliEkbyvi :Dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid biliz mld 9N rnimt(fmvgi{ mddktk`l gkli, Z`hi è tni dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid biliz rivijnijcid e`v hmq q`zktk`l `l jnv`h`z`hi 9N è fmvgi{ .Mvk(i g`jyz kz `l 9N+, Rnimt fmjcbv`yld bil`t{qi yzid kz JnkliziZqvklb .JZ+' tni fmvgi{ bil`t{qi Fitiz' mld tni mddktk`l gkli kz 9N, L`li è tni biliz kdiltkekid f{ mvvm{ mlmg{zkz .GIM' JJTh`tke qv`tikl' NYM=' Viqgkjmtk`l qv`tikl M' jmtmgmzi=' mldMVE6+ hmqqid t` 9N, M bili rnkjn hmqz t` 9N .i,b, Tkhklb è JMFi~qvizzk`l =' T@J=+ kz i~qijtid t` nmui m ztv`lbiv fmld kl 9N vigmtkui t` JZ, Tnvii biliz JJT' jmtmgmzi = mldMVE6 nmui dke(eivilt mggigiz kl Hm{tn`vqi .HT+ mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi .BQ+,

GIM

JZ 9N Fitiz HT BQ

JJT

NYM=

T@J=

Viq M

Jmtmgmzi =

MVE6
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9/14


Qmbi ; è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

h`vqnkzh mt tni M`z bili rnkjn gkiz `l tni 4N nmq(g`fg`jc, Kt nmz fiil viq`vtid qviuk`yzg{ tnmt OM(qvitvimthilt khqvùiz zmgklkt{ ztvizz mdmqtmtk`l kl fmvgi{S:>X, Vijilt i~qivkhiltz ev`h `yv gmf`vmt`vkiz nmui dih(`lztvmtid tnmt OM(qvitvimthilt è fmvgi{ qgmltz fie`vizmgklkt{ ztvizz kldyjid OM fk`z{ltnizkz biliz mldkhqvùid zmgt(t`givmlji f{ hmkltmklklb g`riv zn``t Lm#

vigmtkui t` ztvizzid qgmltz rktn l` qvitvimthilt S:;X, Ktrkgg fi kltiviztklb t` kluiztkbmti ke tni dkeeiviltkmg vibygm(tk`l è OM(vigmtid biliz kl g`r Lm# mjjyhygmtklb B`gdilQv`hkzi mld mzz`jkmtk`l è OM(qvitvimthilt rktn Lm#

i~jgyzk`l kz qyvig{ j`kljkdiltmg, Ke l`t' OM mqqimvz t` fi ml

khq`vtmlt j`hq`lilt è nivktmfgi zmgt t`givmlji klB`gdil Qv`hkzi mld fmvgi{ kl bilivmg,

Hitn`dzQgmlt Hmtivkmgz mld I~qivkhiltmg J`ldktk`lz

Fmvgi{ ziidz SN`vdiyh uygbmvi G, ju, B`gdil Qv`hkzi.zqvklb fmvgi{+X rivi klktkmgg{ qvùkdid f{ Qibb{ Gihmy~.Ylkuivzkt{ è Jmgke`vlkm' Fivcigi{+, Hm{tn`vqi ziidz

rivi ftmklid ev`h tni Lmtk`lmg Zhmgg Bvmklz J`ggijtk`l'Kdmn`, Ziid zt`jcz rivi hygtkqgkid kl tni ekigd mt tni Ylk(

uivzkt{ è Jmgke`vlkm' Vkuivzkdi, Ziidz rivi rmznid ziuivmg

tkhiz rktn dik`lkid rmtiv mld bivhklmtid `l h`kztilidekgtiv qmqiv kl bgmzz jv{ztmggkmtk`l dkzniz e`v tr` dm{z kldmvclizz, Tni qgmltz rivi bv`rl kl m bviiln`yzi mt Y,Z,Zmgklkt{ Gmf`vmt`v{' YZDM(MVZ' mt Vkuivzkdi' Jmgke`vlkm klZiqtihfiv mld @jt`fiv' 6114, Bivhklmtid ziidz rivitvmlzeivvid `lt` Zqiidgklb Tvm{z eg`mtid `l mivmtid nmge(ztvilbtn N`mbgmld"z z`gytk`l' rktn d`yfgi kv`l .91 bG(=+kl 211 G hitmg j`ltmklivz, Tni qN rmz hmkltmklid rktnkltni vmlbi e 9 t` 5,9 yzklb j`ljiltvmtid zygeyvkj mjkd, Igij(tvkjmg j`ldyjtkukt{' qN mld z`gytk`l tihqivmtyvi rivih`lkt`vid dmkg{,

@l dm{ =5 metiv bivhklmtk`l .:4 gime ztmbi+' m zmgklkt{ztvizz è rmz khq`zid ùiv m qivk`d è ekui dm{z kl ekuii}ymg ztiqz t` vimjn m eklmg j`ljiltvmtk`l è =2 dZ h (=

.|=91 hH LmJg+, JmJg6rmz mddid rktn LmJg t` hmkl(tmkl m =1?= h`gmv vmtk` è Lm#? Jm6#, Tni z{ztih rmzmgg`rid t` ztmfkgki e`v ekui dm{z, @l dm{ 69 .95 gimeztmbi+ &zn``t& .jv`rl mld bv`rklb q`klt+ tkzzyi mld v``t.6 jh e tni v``t tkqz+ tkzzyi ev`h =9 qgmltz rmz nmvuiztidmld zlmq evìl e`v VLM i~tvmjtk`l, Tnivie`vi tkzzyi ev`h=9 qgmltz ev`h imjn bil`t{qi qiv tmlc j`lztktytid m zklbgi

VT QJV umgkdmtk`l è z`hi ci{ bilizEkbyvi 4VT QJV umgkdmtk`l è z`hi ci{ biliz, I~qvizzk`l giuig è z`hi biliz dkzjyzzid kl tni jyvvilt ztyd{ rivi umgkdmtid f{VT(QJV e`v zn``t mld v``t tkzzyiz, Tni .(+ kldkjmtiz j`ltv`g ylztvizzid zmhqgiz mld .#+ kldkjmtiz zmgklkt{ ztvizzid zmhqgiz,

Zn``tz V``tz

=>Z =6j

P#

P#

P#

P#

B`gdil Qv`hkzi B`gdil Qv`hkzi Hm{tn`vqiHm{tn`vqi

JJT H`tke :1j

Jmtmgmzi= :6j

GIM :6j

T@J= :4j
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10/14


Qmbi =1 è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

viqgkjmti è m tvimthilt, Tnvii fk`g`bkjmg viqgkjmtiz è tnii~qivkhilt rivi zmhqgid,

Qnil`t{qkj Himzyvihiltz

Fie`vi qv`jiidklb rktn tni i~qvizzk`l ztydkiz' tniviq`vtid B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld Hm{tn`vqi zmgt ztvizzvizq`lzi qnil`t{qi e`v dkeeivilji kl Lm# mjjyhygmtk`l kl

Zmgklkt{ ztvizz vizq`lzkui biliz kl Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkziEkbyvi 9Zmgklkt{ ztvizz vizq`lzkui biliz kl Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi, M, Lyhfiv e qv`fi zitz yq( mld d`rl(vibygmtidkl v``t .n`vk`ltmg gkliz+ mld zn``t tkzzyi .d`tz+ è tni tr` bil`t{qiz, F, Uill dkmbvmh ztmtklb tni ùivgmq fitriil tni yq(mld d`rl(vibygmtid qv`fi zitz kl Hm{tn`vqi .HT+ mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi .BQ+, Tni ùivgmq fitriil tni tr` bil`t{qiz kzznmdid rktn d`tz, Tni t`tmg lyhfiv è qv`fi zitz vizq`ldklb kl imjn tni bil`t{qiz kz kldkjmtid kl fvmjcitz .+,

M

611

411

511

yq(vibygmtid

L`, è

Qv`fi zitzZn``t

V``tz

44:

::5

d`rl(vibygmtid

:5

=1:

4:9

56:

HT HT HTHT BQBQBQBQ

4962

F HT Z Yq .:5+ 4 BQ Z Yq .=1:+2=:6

:6HT Z D`rl .62+ BQ Z D`rl .49+

659HT V Yq .44:+ BQ V Yq .::5+=9>

HT V D`rl .56:+ :24 =>5 BQ V D`rl .4:9+


11/14


Qmbi == è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

tni zn``t tkzzyi yldiv `yv bv`rklb j`ldktk`lz rmz tiztid,Rn`gi zn``t tkzzyi ev`h zk~ qgmltz rmz q``gid t` e`vhimjn viqgkjmti, Ziuil viqgkjmtiz rivi j`ggijtid ev`h imjnè tni e`yv tvimthiltz, Qgmltz rivi rmznid rktn dik`lkid

rmtiv' dvkid kl m e`vjid mkv ùil .21J+ tnil bv`yld kltèkli q`rdiv, Zn``t Lm# j`ljiltvmtk`lz rivi ditivhklid`l lktvkj(qivjng`vkj mjkd dkbiztz f{ kldyjtkuig{ j`yqgid

qgmzhm `qtkjmg ihkzzk`l zqijtv`hitv{ .KJQ' Qivckl(IghivJ`,' L`vrmgc' JT' YZM+, Tni vizygtz ev`h tni zn``t k`lmlmg{zkz j`lekvhklb tni k`l i~jgyzk`l qnil`t{qi èB`gdil Qv`hkzi mvi gkztid kl Tmfgi 4,

Tmvbit Qviqmvmtk`l mld Qv`jizzklb e`v BiliJnkq Mlmg{zkz

VLM zmhqgiz rivi qv`jizzid mz vij`hhildid f{ Mee{hi(tvk~' Klj, .Mee{hitvk~ BiliJnkq I~qvizzk`l Mlmg{zkz Tijn(lkjmg Hmlymg' Mee{hitvk~' Klj,' Zmltm Jgmvm' JM+ mt tniDLM mld Qv`tikl Hkjv`mvvm{ Emjkgkt{ mt Ylkuivzkt{ è Jmg(ke`vlkm' Kvukli, T`tmg VLM rmz klktkmgg{ kz`gmtid ev`h ev`(il zn``t tkzzyi yzklb TVK`g Vimbilt, Tni VLM rmzqyvkekid f{ qmzzklb tnv`ybn ml VLMimz{ zqkl j`gyhl

.]kmbil' Jnmtzr`vtn' JM+ mld `l(j`gyhl DLmziK tvimt(hilt, Igytid t`tmg VLMz rivi }ymltkekid rktn m q`vtk`l etni vijùivid t`tmg VLM mld mdoyztid t` m eklmg j`ljiltvm(tk`l è = bg, Gmfigklb mld n{fvkdkmtk`l rivi qiv(e`vhid mt tni DLM mld Qv`tikl Hkjv`mvvm{ Emjkgkt{ mtYlkuivzkt{ è Jmgke`vlkm' Kvukli, Mgg ztmvtklb t`tmg VLMzmhqgiz rivi }ymgkt{ mzzizzid qvk`v t` fibkllklb tmvbitqviqmvmtk`lqv`jizzklb ztiqz f{ vyllklb `yt m zhmggmh`ylt è imjn zmhqgi .t{qkjmgg{ 69691 lbrigg+ `lt` mVLM Gmf(@l(M(Jnkq .Jmgkqiv Tijnl`g`bkiz J`vq,' H`yl(tmkl Ukir' JM+ tnmt rmz iumgymtid `l ml Mbkgilt Fk`mlm(g{iv 6=11 .Mbkgilt Tijnl`g`bkiz' Qmg` Mgt`' JM+, Zklbgi(ztvmldid' tnil d`yfgi(ztvmldid jDLM rmz z{ltnizkid

ev`h tni q`g{.M+# hVLM qvizilt kl tni kz`gmtid t`tmgVLM .=1 b t`tmg VLM ztmvtklb hmtivkmg imjn zmhqgi vimj(tk`l+ yzklb tni ZyqivZjvkqt D`yfgi(Ztvmldid jDLM Z{l(tnizkz Ckt .Kluktv`bil J`vq,' Jmvgzfmd' JM+ mld q`g{ .T+(lyjgi`tkdi qvkhivz tnmt j`ltmklid m zi}yilji vij`blkidf{ T2 VLM q`g{hivmzi, M q`vtk`l è tni vizygtklb dzjDLM rmz yzid mz m tihqgmti t` bilivmti fk`tkl(tmbbidjVLM ev`h ml kl uktv` tvmlzjvkqtk`l vimjtk`l .KUT+' yzklbtni Fk`Mvvm{ Nkbn([kigd VLM Tvmlzjvkqt Gmfigklb Ckt .T2+.Il` Dkmbl`ztkjz' Klj,' Emvhklbdmgi' L[+, Eketiil b ètni vizygtklb fk`tkl(tmbbid jVLM rmz evmbhiltid t`

ztvmldz è :9611 fmziz kl gilbtn e`gg`rklb qvizjvkfidqv`t`j`gz .Mee{hitvk~ BiliJnkq I~qvizzk`l Mlmg{zkz

Tijnlkjmg Hmlymg+, Zyfzi}yiltg{' =1 b è tnkz evmb(hiltid tmvbit jVLM rmz n{fvkdkid mt 49J rktn v`tmtk`le`v =5 n`yvz .Mee{hitvk~ BiliJnkq N{fvkdkmtk`l @uil:61+ t` qv`fi zitz qvizilt `l ml Mee{hitvk~ Fmvgi{= mvvm{.Jg`zi it mg, 6114+, Tni BiliJnkq mvvm{z rivi rmznid mld

tnil ztmklid .ZMQI' ztviqtmukdkl(qn{jìv{tnvkl+ `l mlMee{hitvk~ Egykdkjz Ztmtk`l 411' e`gg`rid f{ zjmllklb `lm Nirgitt(Qmjcmvd BiliMvvm{ zjmlliv,

Dmtm Mlmg{zkz

Tni zjmllid BiliJnkq khmbiz rivi i~mhklid e`v ml{ ukz(kfgi dieijtz, Zmtkzemjt`v{ khmbi ekgiz rivi mlmg{id t` bil(ivmti vmr dmtm ekgiz zmuid mz ,JIG ekgiz yzklb diemygtzittklbz è BiliJnkq @qivmtklb Zètrmvi .BJ@Z =,6'

Mee{hitvk~+, Tni ,JIG ekgiz ev`h viqgkjmtid dmtm zitz rivikhq`vtid klt` VHM S41X e`v fmjcbv`yld mdoyzthilt mld}ymltkgi l`vhmgkmtk`l, Tni g`b(tvmlze`vhid VHM umgyize`v mgg qv`fi zitz rivi khq`vtid klt` Zkblkekjmlji Mlmg{zkz

è Hkjv`mvvm{z .ZMH+ zètrmvi S64X yzklb tni tr`(jgmzzylqmkvid dmtm e`vhmt, E`v bil`t{qkj j`hqmvkz`lz .e`vklztmlji' m j`ltv`g BQ uz, HT+ ri klktkmgg{ zit m qivhytm(tk`l(fmzid emgzi dkzjùiv{ vmti .EDV+ jyt(èe .i~qvizzid mz}(umgyi+ mt =1), Mt tnkz klktkmg tnvizn`gd' ri dkd l`t ekldml{ qv`fi zit t` fi dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid kl tni v``tj`hqmvkz`l .BQ j`ltv`g v``tz uz, HT j`ltv`g v``tz+,

Tnivie`vi' tni tnvizn`gd rmz vigm~id t` 69) .Mddktk`lmgekgiz 9 mld 5+, E`v dkeeiviltkmg i~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz klvizq`lzi t` zmgklkt{ ztvizz' m tnvizn`gd è =9) rmz yzid,

E`v mlmg{zkz è tni zklbgi viqgkjmti dmtmzit bilivmtid e`vfmzmg bili i~qvizzk`l giuigz kl =1(dm{ `gd ziidgklbz è

f`tn bil`t{qiz' DJnkq rmz yzid S4=X, DJnkq rmz zit t`khq`vt BJ@Z zkblmgz, L`vhmgkmtk`l è tni dmtmzitz rmzqive`vhid yzklb ml klumvkmlt(zit mqqv`mjn, T` jmgjygmtitni i~qvizzk`l kldi~ è qv`fi zitz ri yzid tni QH h`dig,

Metiv i~qvizzk`l umgyiz rivi j`hqytid' biliz rktni~tvihig{ g`r umgyiz rivi mzzkblid m umgyi i}ykumgilt t`tni muivmbi umgyi è tni g`rizt =1tn qivjiltkgi è mgg tnibiliz tnmt mvi jmggid mfzilt, Tnkz ztiq qviuiltz tni ùiviz(tkhmtk`l è e`gd jnmlbiz e`v uiv{ rimcg{ i~qvizzid biliz,

Tni i~qvizzk`l umgyiz rivi g`b6 tvmlze`vhid metiv jmgjygmt(klb tni i~qvizzk`l kldi~, Dkeeiviltkmgg{ i~qvizzid qv`fi

Tmfgi 4? Tni hmkl zn``t Lm#j`ljiltvmtk`lz è Hm{tn`vqi mld B`gdil Qv`hkzi metiv ; d yldiv zmgklkt{ ztvizz

Hm{tn`vqi B`gdil Qv`hkzi

J`ltv`g 5>,6 9,= >=,= 9,5

Zmgt Ztvizz =6==,= 4>,> ;9>,> 54,2

Himl umgyiz è 2 viqgkjmtiz ZI, Tni Lm# j`ljiltvmtk`l kz i~qvizzid kl hh`gCb(= dv{ rikbnt,
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12/14


Qmbi =6 è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

zitz rivi kdiltkekid yzklb m e`gd jnmlbi jyt(èe jvktivkm e`vyq(vibygmtk`l `v d`rl(vibygmtk`l,

Zklbgi Eimtyvi Q`g{h`vqnkzhz .ZEQz+ mlmg{zkz rmz qiv(e`vhid mz dizjvkfid kl S=>X, Zklji tnkz hitn`d yziz VLM

mz m zyvv`bmti e`v bil`hkj DLM e`v n{fvkdkmtk`l t` tnimvvm{z' ri yzid tni dmtm ftmklid ev`h VLM n{fvkdkmtk`lè v``tz mld zn``t tkzzyi e`v tni mlmg{zkz, V``t mld zn``tdmtm rivi mlmg{id ziqmvmtig{, Tni qv`fi zitz kdiltkekidev`h tni mlmg{zkz mt m Q(umgyi jytèe è 1,119 mvi gkztid kl.Mddktk`lmg ekgiz = mld 6+,

Qv`fi Zit Mll`tmtk`lz mld Bili @lt`g`b{ Mlmg{zkz

Tni qv`fi zitz rivi mll`tmtid yzklb NmvuIZT?Fmvgi{ .uiv(zk`l =,42+ mzzihfg{ 6= S46X, Tni `ytqyt ev`h NmvuIZTkljgydid tni fizt FGMZT nkt ev`h TKBV tvmlzgmtid vkjibili h`digz .uivzk`l 4+ mld TMKV tvmlzgmtid Mvmfkd`qzkzbili h`digz, Fizkdiz m dizjvkqtk`l è tni fizt nkt' `ytqyt

mgz` kljgydiz tni bil`hi g`jmtk`l .jnv`h`z`hi mldfmzi qmkv q`zktk`l+ è tni fizt FGMZT nkt bili h`digz klvkji mldMvmfkd`qzkz,

I~qvizzk`l umgkdmtk`l f{ zihk(}ymltktmtkui VT(QJV

I~qvizzk`l qvèkgiz è ziuivmg ci{ tvmlzjvkqtz `ftmklidev`h jnkq n{fvkdkmtk`lz rivi eyvtniv umgkdmtid f{ zihk(}ymltktmtkui VT(QJV yzklb ekvzt ztvmld jDLM z{ltnizkzev`h VLM zmhqgiz, M jDLM ekvzt ztvmld rmz z{ltnizkidyzklb Tm}(Hml Viuivzi Tvmlzjvkqtk`l Vimbiltz .MqqgkidFk`z{ztihz' E`vztiv Jkt{' JM3 Vie? L>1>(16:4+ e`gg`rklbtni hmlyemjtyviv"z klztvyjtk`lz, Tr` hkjv`bvmhz è t`tmgVLM rmz j`luivtid klt` jDLM, Imjn jDLM rmz dkgytid

41 e`gd mld 9 G è jDLM rmz yzid e`v QJV, M =>z vkf`z(`hmg VLM .e`vrmvd? mtbmtmmjtjbmjbbmtjbj3 viuivzi? jttbbmt(btbbtmbjjbttt3 j{jgiz+ rmz yzid mz j`ltv`g e`v VT(QJVi~qivkhiltz,

Dmtm Mumkgmfkgkt{

Mgg i~qvizzk`l dmtm rkgg fi hmdi mumkgmfgi tnv`ybn tniBili I~qvizzk`l @hlkfyz .BI@+ yldiv qgmte`vhBQG=:41' Zivkiz BZI5:69, Tni gkzt e zkblkekjmltg{ vizq`l(zkui qv`fi zitz mg`lb rktn mll`tmtk`lz kz mumkgmfgi mz

Mddktk`lmg Ekgiz, Tni ilnmljid mll`tmtk`l e`v mgg Fmvgi{=qv`fi zitz kz mumkgmfgi tnv`ybn NmvuIZT?Fmvgi{ S46X,

Mytn`vz" j`ltvkfytk`lzNR j`ltvkfytid kl tni dizkbl è tni i~qivkhilt' jygtyvidtni qgmltz' mlmg{id tni mvvm{ dmtm' mld dvmetid tni hmly(zjvkqt, JR dizkblid tni i~qivkhilt' jygtyvid tni qgmltz'qive`vhid k`l mlmg{zkz' mld qvùkdid zkblkekjmlt klqyt t`tni hmlyzjvkqt, QJ qive`vhid VT(QJV mld rnimt(fmvgi{mddktk`l gkli mlmg{zkz, MHK kz tni j`(qvkljkqmg kluiztkbmt`v`l tni qvòijt mld nmd zkblkekjmlt klqyt kl tni dizkbl ètni i~qivkhilt, O^ mld ^J qive`vhid tni ZEQ mlmg{zkz,

TOJ kz tni qvkljkqmg kluiztkbmt`v è tni bvmltz tnmt eyldidtni qvòijt mld nmd klqyt kl tni dizkbl è i~qivkhilt'

j`ldyjtid tni ZLQ q`g{h`vqnkzh mlmg{zkz mld nigqidrvkti tni hmlyzjvkqt,

Mddktk`lmg hmtivkmg

Mddktk`lmg ekgi =Zn``t ZEQ BQ uz HT zj`viz

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi

Snttq?rrr,fk`hidjiltvmg,j`hj`ltiltzyqqgihiltmv{=42=(

6=54(>(>2(Z=,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi 6

V``t ZEQ BQ uz HT zj`viz

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z6,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi :

Zn``t ZEQ qv`fi zitz

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgiSnttq?rrr,fk`hidjiltvmg,j`hj`ltiltzyqqgihiltmv{=42=(

6=54(>(>2(Z:,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi 4

V``t ZEQ qv`fi zitzJgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z4,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi 9

BQj`ltv`g uz HTj`ltv`g zn``t

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z9,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi 5

BQj`ltv`g uz HTj`ltv`g v``t

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z5,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi 2

BQj`ltv`g uz BQzmgt zn``t yq(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z2,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi >

BQj`ltv`g uz BQzmgt zn``t d`rl(vibJgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z>,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi ;

BQj`ltv`g uz BQzmgt v``t yq(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z;,~gzX
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13/14


Qmbi =: è =4.qmbi lyhfiv l`t e`v jktmtk`l qyvq`ziz+

Mjcl`rgidbihiltzTni mytn`vz tnmlc tni e`gg`rklb? D`l Gm{ekigd .Y,Z, Zmgklkt{ Gmf`vmt`v{'

YZDM(MVZ' Vkuivzkdi' YZM+ e`v k`l mlmg{zkz' Zvktk Hkzvm e`v BiliJnkq

qv`jizzklb .DLM mld Qv`tikl Hkjv`mvvm{ Emjkgkt{' Ylkuivzkt{ e Jmgke`vlkm'

Kvukli+' Ztiui Rmlmhmciv e`v ilnmljid mll`tmtk`lz e Fmvgi{= qv`fi zitz

Oml Zuilzz`l e`v j`ltvkfytk`lz t` ZLQ dmtm j`ggijtk`l mld Qvmzmllm Fnmt e`v

kle`vhmtk`l l tniMvk(i hmq q`zktk`l vigmtkui t` ZLQ hmvcivz, Tnkz r`vc

rmz zyqq`vtid f{ ml Kltivlmtk`lmg Vkji Vizimvjn Klztktyti YZMKD Gklcmbi

Qv`bvmh bvmlt .DQQJ 6114(:1G@M1214+ mld kl qmvt f{ LZE DFK(1:6=295'

&J`yqgklb I~qvizzid Zi}yiljiz mld Fmjtivkmg Mvtkekjkmg Jnv`h`z`hi

Viz`yvjiz t` Mjjizz tni Fmvgi{ Bil`hi& mld YZDM(LVK 16(:9:11(=694>'

&NmvuIZT? M Q`vtmfgi IZT Dmtmfmzi Ukiriv&,

Vieiviljiz=, Hmmz IU' Nèehml BO? Jv`q zmgt t`givmlji(jyvvilt mzzizzhilt,

O`yvlmg e Kvvkbmtk`l Dvmklmbi Dkukzk`l' Mhivkjml Z`jkit{ e Jkukg Ilbkliivklb=;22' =1:?==9(=:4,

6, J ghiv TD' Hyllz V' Eg rivz TO? Khqvùklb zmgt t`givmlji èrnimt mld fmvgi{? eytyvi qv`zqijtz,Myztvmgkml O`yvlmg è I~qivk(hiltmg Mbvkjygtyvi 6119' 49?=469(=44:,

:, Tiztiv H' Dmuilq vt VO? Lm# tvmlzq`vt mld Lm# t`givmlji klnkbniv qgmltz,Mllmgz è F`tml{611:' ;=?91:(962,

4, Zkbyvfo vzz l F' Hkjci M? Qv`bvizz kl hytmtk`l fviidklb, Kl?Kldyjid hytmtk`l kl qgmltz, Qv`jiidklbz è ml kltivlmtk`lmgz{hq`zkyh l tni lmtyvi' kldyjtk`l mld ytkgkmtk`l e hytm(tk`l kl qgmltz, Ukillm? Kltivlmtk`lmg Mt`hkj Ilivb{ Mbilj{3=;5;?52:(5;2,

9, E`vztiv FQ' Qmclk{mt N' Hmjmygm{ H' Hmtniz`l R' Qnkggkqz HZ' Tn`(hmz RTF' Q`rigg R? Umvkmtk`l kl tni gime z`dkyh j`ltilt ètni N`vdiyh uygbmvi .fmvgi{+ jygtkumv Hm{tn`vqi mld ktzdivkuid hytmlt ju, B`gdil Qv`hkzi, Nividkt{=;;4' 2:?64;(69:,

5, Qmclk{mt NO? Bilitkj ztydkiz `l zmgt t`givmlji kl fmvgi{ .N`v(diyh uygbmvi G,+, Kl QnD tnizkz Tni Ylkuivzkt{ e Vimdklb' Vimdklb'YC3 =;;5,

2, Tn`hmz RTF' Q`rigg R' R``d R? Tni jnv`h`z`hmg g`jmtk`lè tni drmveklb bili kl tni zqvklb umvkit{ B`gdil Qv`hkzi,Nividkt{=;>4' 9:?=22(=>:,

>, Qmclk{mt N' Fmkvd I' Tn`hmz RTF' Jmgkbmvk QDZ' Q rigg R' E`vztiv

FQ? Ieeijtz e zihk(drmve hytmltz l zmgt t`givmlji kl fmvgi{,Qv`jiidklbz è tni Ziuiltn Fmvgi{ Bilitkjz Z{hq`zkyh' Zmzcmtjnirml'Jmlmdm =;;9?551(55=,

;, Evmljc`rkmc OD? Mggigkzh tiztz mh`lb zigijtid zihk(drmvefmvgi{z, Fmvgi{ Bilitkjz Lirzgittiv=;;=' 6=?=2(6:,

=1, Qmclk{mt N' Tn`hmz RTF' Jmgkbmvk QDZ' E vztiv FQ?J`hqmvkz`l ezmgt t`givmlji è BQivt mld l`l(BQivt fmvgi{z, Qgmlt Fviidklb=;;2' ==5?=>;(=;=,

==, @tyvc _L' Tmgmhi U' Di{n`g z H' Hkjnmg`rzck JF' Bmgfvmktn DR'B`yckvhkk L' Tyfiv`zm V' F`nlivt NO? H`lkt`vklb gmvbi(zjmgijnmlbiz kl tvmlzjvkqt mfyldmlji kl dv`ybnt( mld zmgt(ztvizzid fmvgi{, Qgmlt H`gijygmv Fk`g`b{6116' 4>?99=(92:,

=6, Yidm M' Cmtnkvizml M' Klmdm H' Lmvktm [' Lmcmhyvm T' Znk R' TmcmfiT' Fillitt O? @zh`tkj ztvizz kl fmvgi{ vibygmtiz i~qvizzk`l èm dkeeivilt zit è biliz tnml zmgt ztvizz dìz,O`yvlmg è I~qivk(hiltmg F`tml{6114' 99?66=:(66=>,

=:, Rmgkm N' Rkgz l J' Rmnkd M' J ldmhkli Q' Jyk ^' Jg zi TO?I~qvizzk`l mlmg{zkz è fmvgi{ .N`vdiyh uygbmvi G,+ dyvklb

zmgklkt{ ztvizz, Eyljtk`lmg mld Kltibvmtkui Bil`hkjz 6115'5.6+?=4:(=95,=4, Jg`zi TO' Rmlmhmciv Z' Jmgd` VM' Tyvliv ZH' Mzng`jc DM' Dkjciv(

z`l OM' Rklb VM' Hyingfmyiv BO' Cgiklnèz M' Rkzi VQ? M lirviz`yvji e`v jivimg bil`hkjz? 66C Fmvgi{ BiliJnkq j`hizè mbi, Qgmlt Qn{zk`g`b{6114' =:4?;51(;5>,

=9, Nmil ZQ' F`viukt O@' Nmvh l EB' Qvylidm(Qm OG' Zjnygt TE'[mlùzc{ HO' Gkgoibvil ZO' Ijciv OV' Cm{ ZM? Vmqkd mvvm{ hmqqklbè jkvjmdkml jg`jc mld diuig`qhiltmg hytmtk`lz kl Mvmfk(d`qzkz, Qgmlt Qn{zk`g`b{6119' =:>?;;1(;;2,

=5, E vztiv FQ? Hytmtk`l bilitkjz è zmgt t`givmlji kl fmvgi{? mlmzzizzhilt è B`gdil Qv`hkzi mld `tniv zihk(drmvehytmltz, Iyqn{tkjm 611=' =61?:=2(::>,

=2, V`zt cz L' F`viukt O@' Nidgi{ QI' Vyzzigg Q' Znmv`l Hydki ' H vvkzO' Jmvdgi G' Hmvznmgg DE' Rmybn V? Zklbgi(eimtyvi q`g{h`vqnkzhdkzjùiv{ kl tni fmvgi{ tvmlzjvkqt`hi, Bil`hi Fk`g`b{6119'5?V94,

=>, Jyk ^' ^y O' Mzbnmv V' J`ldmhkli Q' Zuilzz`l OT' Rmlmhmciv Z'

Ztikl L' V``zi H' Jg`zi TO? Ditijtklb zklbgi(eimtyvi q`g{h`v(qnkzhz yzklb `gkb`lyjgi`tkdi mvvm{z mld v`fyztkekid qvòij(tk`l qyvzykt, Fk`kle`vhmtkjz 6119' 6=?:>96(:>9;,

=;, F`viukt O@' Gkmlb D' Qg`yeei D' Jnmlb N' _ny T' Rikbig D' Fivv{ JJ'Rkligiv I' Jn`v{ O? Gmvbi Zjmgi Kdiltkekjmtk`l è Zklbgi Eim(tyvi Q`g{h`vqnkzhz kl J`hqgi~ Bil`hiz, Bil`hi Vizimvjn611:' =:?9=:(96:,

61, Rmgkm N' Rkgz`l J' J`ldmhkli Q' Gky ^' Kzhmkg MH' _ilb G' Rmlm(hmciv ZK' Hmldmg O' ^y O' Jyk ^' Jg`zi TO? J`hqmvmtkui tvmlzjvkq(tk`lmg qvèkgklb è tr` j`ltvmztklb vkji bil`t{qiz yldivzmgklkt{ ztvizz dyvklb tni uibitmtkui bv`rtn ztmbi, Qgmlt Qn{zk(`g`b{6119' =:;?>66(>:9,

6=, Znil V' Eml OF' Jmhqfigg D' Jnmlb R' Jnil O' D`yjit D' [imcgi{ O'Fkfkcùm H' Rkjcnmh Bmvjkm I' HjFvkdi J' it mg,? Nkbn(tnv`ybnqytZLQ bil`t{qklb `l ylkuivzmg fimd mvvm{z, Hytmtk`l Vizimvjn6119' 92:?21(>6,

66, Fnmt QV' Vmhzm{ G' V`zt cz L' Hmvznmgg D' V` zi HG' Rmlmhmciv Z'Ztikl L' Zuilzz`l OT' Eilt`l VD' Hmldmg O' J`ldmhkli Q' Hmdkznitt{

C' Umvznli{ V' Bvmliv M' Rmybn V' Jg`zi TO? Tvmlzktk`l t` nkbn(tnv`ybnqyt ZLQ hmqqklb kl fmvgi{? m bilivmg mqqv`mjn e`v`vbmlkzhz rktn zyeekjkilt IZT viz`yvjiz .kl qviqmvmtk`l+, ,

6:, V`zt cz L' Vmhzm{ G' HmjCilki C' Jmvdgi G' Fnmt QV' V``zi HG'Zuilzz`l OT' Ztikl L' Umvznli{ V' Hmvznmgg D' Bvmliv M' Jg`zi TO'Rmybn V? Vijilt nkzt`v{ è mvtkekjmg `ytjv`zzklb emjkgktmtizrn`gi(bil`hi mzz`jkmtk`l hmqqklb kl igkti klfvid jv`q umvk(itkiz, Qv`jiidklbz è tni Lmtk`lmg Mjmdih{ è Zjkiljiz 6115'=1:?:=(:5,

64, Tyzniv U' Tkfznkvmlk V' Jny B? Zkblkekjmlji mlmg{zkz è hkjv`mv(vm{z mqqgkid t` tni k`lkklb vmdkmtk`l vizq`lzi, Qv`jiidklbz ètni Lmtk`lmg Mjmdih{ è Zjkiljiz 611=' ;>?9==5(9=6=,

69, Dvycm M' Hyingfmyiv B' Dvycm K' Jmgd V' Fmyhmll Y' V zt`cz L'Zjnvikfiv M' Rkzi V' Jg`zi T' Cgiklnèz M' Bvmliv M' Zjnyghml M'Gmlbvkdbi Q' Zmt` C' Nm{iz Q' HjLkj`g O' Hmvznmgg D' Rmybn V? Ml

Mddktk`lmg ekgi =1

BQj`ltv`g uz BQzmgt v``t d`rl(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z=1,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi ==

HTj`ltv`g uz HTzmgt zn``t yq(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z==,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi =6

HTj`ltv`g uz HTzmgt zn``t d`rl(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z=6,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi =:

HTj`ltv`g uz HTzmgt yq(vib v``tJgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z=:,~gzX

Mddktk`lmg ekgi =4

HTj`ltv`g uz HTzmgt v``t d`rl(vib

Jgkjc nivi e`v ekgi


6=54(>(>2(Z=4,~gzX
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12646496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12646496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15361537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15361537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15960806http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15960806http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12618383http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12618383http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15829238http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15829238http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S10.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S10.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S11.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S11.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S12.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S12.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S13.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S13.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S14.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S14.xlshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15829238http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15829238http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16183841http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12618383http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12618383http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16118260http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15960806http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15960806http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15908595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15020760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15361537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15361537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11999834http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12646496http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12646496http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S14.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S13.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S12.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S11.xlshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2164-8-87-S10.xls


14/14

Qyfgkzn rktn Fk`Hid Jiltvmgmld iuiv{zjkiltkzt jml vimd {`yv r`vc evii è jnmvbi

&Fk`Hid Jiltvmg rkgg fi tni h`zt zkblkekjmlt diuig`qhilt e`v

dkzzihklmtklb tni vizygtz è fk`hidkjmg vizimvjn kl `yv gkeitkhi,&

Zkv Qmyg Lyvzi' Jmljiv Vizimvjn YC

[ yv vizimvjn qmqivz rkgg fi?

mumkgmfgi evii è jnmvbi t` tni iltkvi fk`hidkjmg j`hhylkt{

qiiv viukirid mld qyfgkznid khhidkmtig{ yq`l mjjiqtmlji

jktid kl QyfHid mld mvjnkuid l QyfHid Jiltvmg

{`yvz {`y ciiq tni j`q{vkbnt

Zyfhkt {`yv hmlyzjvkqt nivi?

nttq?//rrr,fk`hidjiltvmg,j`h/kle`/qyfgkznklbPmdu,mzq

Fk`Hidjiltvmg


mtgmz è bili i~qvizzk`l ev`h ziid t` ziid tnv`ybn fmvgi{diuig`qhilt, Eyljtk`lmg mld Kltibvmtkui Bil`hkjz 6115'5.:+?616(==,

65, Kzgmh MCH' Zniqnivd VCR' Zqmvv r DNF? Mddktk`l è kldkukdymgfmvgi{ jnv`h`z`hiz t` rnimt, Kl Qv`jiidklbz è tni :vd Kltivlm(tk`lmg Fmvgi{ Bilitkjz Z{hq`zkyh Idktid f{? BMYG N, Uivgmb CmvgTnkihkb' Hylkjn' Bivhml{3 =;29?651(621,

62, Vyzzigg OV' Eyggiv O' [`ylb B' Tn`hmz F' Tmvmhkl` B' Hmjmygm{ H'Rmybn V' Q`rigg R? Dkzjvkhklmtklb fitriil fmvgi{ bil`t{qizyzklb hkjv`zmtiggkti hmvcivz, Bil`hi =;;2' 41?446(491,

6>, O`y [' Jnkmlb J(Q' Omyn B([' [il NI? Eyljtk`lmg jnmvmjtivkmtk`lè kji qgmlt ZCD=' ml MMM(T{qi MTQmzi mzz`jkmtid rktn tniild`qgmzhkj vitkjygyh(b`gbk litr`vc' mld ktz v`gi kl mdmqtm(tk`l t` zmgt ztvizz, Qgmlt Qn{zk`g`b{6115' =4=?=:9(=45,

6;, Tmif H' Cìfliv VHD' E vztiv FQ' Gmr JL? Mzz`jkmtk`l fitriilbiliz j`ltv`ggklb eg`rivklb tkhi mld zn``t z`dkyh mjjyhy(gmtk`l kl tni Tvktkjimi, Qgmlt mld Z`kg=;;6' =45?==2(=6=,

:1, Hmnmv MV' N`ggklbt`l QM' Ukvc DZ' Rktj`hfi OV? Zigijtk`l e`vimvg{ nimdklb mld zmgt(t`givmlji kl fvimd rnimt, JivimgVizimvjn J`hhylkjmtk`lz 611:' :=?>=(>>,

:=, Ztvm{iv J' @{mhm T' Zjnygt TE' Vmhml V' Z`hivz DI' Hmz Q' QmldmZ' Cviqz OM' Cm{ ZM? Jg`lklb è tni Mvmfkd`qzkz jg`jc biliT@J=' ml myt`vibygmt`v{ vizq`lzi vibygmt`v n`h`g`b, Zjk(ilji 6111' 6>;?25>(22=,

:6, Gk O' Okm D' Jnil ? NYM=' m vibygmt`v è ztmhil mld jmvqig

kdiltktkiz kl Mvmfkd`qzkz' j`diz e`v m lyjgimv VLM fkldklbqv`tikl, Qgmlt Jigg611=' =:?665;(66>=,::, Gk N' O nlz l Q' Ztiqmlùm M' Mg`lz` OH' Ijciv OV? J`luivbilji e

zkblmgklb qmtnrm{z kl tni j`ltv`g e dkeeiviltkmg jigg bv`rtn klMvmfkd`qzkz, Diuig`qhiltmg Jigg6114' 2?=;:(614,

:4, Iggkz JH' Lmbqmg Q' [`ylb OJ' Nmbil B' Bykge`{gi TO' Viid OR?MY^KL VIZQ@LZI EMJT@V= mld MY^KL VIZQ@LZIEMJT@V6 vibygmti zilizjilji mld eg`vmg vbml mfzjkzzk`l klMvmfkd`qzkz tnmgkmlm, Diuig`qhilt 6119' =:6?495:(4924,

:9, Zjnvyee HJ' Zqkighml H' Tkrmvk Z' Mdmhz Z' Eilf{ L' Zj`tt VO? TniMY^KL VIZQ@LZI EMJT@V 6 bili è Mvmfkd`qzkz gklczmy~kl zkblmggklb' jigg dkukzk`l' mld tni zki è ziidz mld `tniv`vbmlz, Diuig`qhilt 6115' =::?69=(65=,

:5, Jvmhiv BV? Z`dkyh(jmgjkyh kltivmjtk`lz yldiv zmgklkt{ztvizz, Kl Zmgklkt{? Ilukv`lhilt Qgmltz H`gijygiz Idktid f{? GyjngkM' Gttbi Y, D`vdvijnt' tni Litnivgmldz? Cgyriv3 6116?619(662,

:2, Jnilb LN' Qktthml OC' Znkbmck T' Gmjnhmlzklbn O' GiJgivi Z' GmnlivF' Zmgt DI' Nkvzjnk CD? Eyljtk`lmg mzz`jkmtk`l è Mvmfkd`qzkz

JM^= mld JM^: kz vi}ykvid e`v l`vhmg bv`rtn mld k`ln`hi`ztmzkz, Qgmlt Qn{zk`g`b{6119' =:>?614>(6151,:>, Tz`liu TD' Gm um BL' Zt klùm _B' Q`qùm GQ? M q`zzkfgi v`gi

e`v omzh`lkj mjkd kl mdmqtmtk`l è fmvgi{ ziidgklbz t` zmgklkt{ztvizz,O`yvlmg e Qgmlt Bv`rtn Vibygmtk`l =;;>' =2?=9:(=9;,

:;, Rmgkm N' Rkgz l J' J ldmhkli Q' Kzhmkg MH' Jg zi TO? Gmvbi(zjmgii~qvizzk`l qvèkgklb mld qn{zk`g`bkjmg jnmvmjtivkmtk`l è omzh`lkj mjkd hidkmtid mdmqtmtk`l è fmvgi{ t` zmgklkt{ztvizz, Qgmlt' Jigg mld Ilukv`lhilt 6112 kl qvizz,

41, Kvkmvv{ VM' N ffz F' J`ggkl E' Fimiv(Fmvjgm{ [D' Mlt`liggkz CO'Zjnive Y' Zqiid TQ? I~qg`vmtk`l' L`vhmgkmtk`l' mld Zyhhm(vkiz è Nkbn Dilzkt{ @gkb`lyjgi`tkdi Mvvm{ Qv`fi GiuigDmtm, Fk`ztmtkztkjz 611:' 4.6+?64;(654,

4=, Gk J' R`lb RN? H`dig(fmzid mlmg{zkz è `gkb`lyjgi`tkdimvvm{z? I~qvizzk`l kldi~ j`hqytmtk`l mld `ytgkiv ditijtk`l,Qv`jiidklbz è tni Lmtk`lmg Mjmdih{ è Zjkiljiz 611=' ;>?:=(:5,

46, NmvuIZT?Fmvgi{ Snttq?//nmvuizt,yjv,idyX
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Array-Based Genotyping and Expression Analysis of Barley

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