Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental experiences.”
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Transcript of Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental experiences.”
Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental
experiences.”
If your spoken words are NOT the same, do cultures have different mental experiences based on their languages?
YESWe experience the world differently, therefore, we use language to express our experiences differently.
Language, no matter what language, is a taken for granted aspect of people’s lives AND does not have to make sense.
German
Schadenfreude
German
Drachenfutter
Scottish
sgiomlaireachd
Russian
EfficiencyChallenge
Engagement ringHave fun
ENGLISH 615,000
GERMAN 184,000
FRENCH 100,000
WORDS THAT ENGLISH SPEAKERS HAVE ADOPTED
BRONCORODEO
C’EST LA VIEDEJA VUE
PIANOSPAGEHTII
KIMONOBARBEQUE
FRENCHHouse Home
FINE14 Definitions as an adjective
6 as a noun
2 as an adverb
Fills 2 pages in the dictionary and takes 5,000 words to explain
FINE
Fine Art
Feeling Fine
Court Fine
Fine Hair
SOUND
Audible Noise
State of Healthiness (Sound Mind)
An Outburst (Sound Off)
Body of Water
• Eskimos: 50 words related to Snow
• Arabs: 600 words related to camels
• Italians: 500 words related to pasta
• Germans: 70 words related to beer
• Maoris: 35 words related to dung
• Araqucanian: 20 words related to being hungry
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ESKIMO LANGUAGE GANA
AKILUKAK
APUT
KAGUKLAICH
PIGSIRPOG
GIMUGSUG
FALLING SNOW
FLUFFY FALLEN SNOW
SNOW ON GROUND
SNOW DRIFTED IN ROWS
DRIFTING SNOW
SNOWDRIFT
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We experience the world differently and we express those
experiences in our language.
Our Cultural Values are Reflected in:1. What we choose to talk about
2. How we choose to express ourselves
Do people who speak different languages have different thought processes (not experiences)?
NO
If you moved to Alaska and experience snow and learned their language, you could process the different categories.
Until the early 1900’s language was assumed to be a neutral medium that did not influence the way people experienced the world.
Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Language is not just an instrument for voicing ideas but is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individuals mental activity.
Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer
Softer
Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer – Language functions like a PRISON
Once you learn a language, you are irrevocably affected by the particular of
that language.
Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer
Softer
Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Softer – Language SHAPES how people think and experience the world, yet it is possible to learn words and categories sufficiently similar to your first language so that communication can be accurate.
Vocabulary + GrammarDifferences in a Language
1. Vocabularya. Eskimob. Arabicc. Danid. Kamayura
2. Grammara. Tense + Possessivesb. Pronouns
Lost in Translation• German – Ich bin ein Berliner• South America – Nova• Portuguese – Rendezvous lounges• Chinese – Coca-Cola
ke kou ke la• Japan – Coke adds life
Coke brings ancestors back to life
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• Idioms: Meaning Contrary• U.S. Idioms• Japanese Idioms• Irish Idioms
• Jargon: Common to a Profession
• Argot: Used by Co-cultural
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US IDIOMS• Bite the bullet
• Don’t have a cow
• Get off my back
• Whistle blower
• On the fence
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JAPANESE IDIOMS
• The nail that sticks up gets hammered
• Like pounding a nail into tofu
• He has a higher nose
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IRISH IDIOMS
• There’ll be wigs on the green
• They left us in the ha’ penny place
• He’s only winding you
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DIALECTS DISTINGUISH COMMUNITIES
It is a form of a spoken language peculiar to a specific region or social group.
DIALECTS VARY
• From rural to urban
• From one social group to another
• From one ethnic group to another
THREE REASONS WHY UNDERSTANDING DIALETS IS
IMPORTANT
Clarity
Evaluations
Standard American Dialect
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CLARITY
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EVALUATIONS
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AMERICAN STANDARD DIALECTS
CODE SWITCHING
• Setting
• Conversational Partner
• Topic