ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST

KEY THEMES• Economic• Political • Religious • Succession • Social

KEY PEOPLE• John Clerk of Penicuik: PRO-UNION for economic

reasons. • John Ker, 5th earl of Roxburghe : PRO-UNION for

Personal interests. • Daniel Defoe: An English Spy in Scotland, sent to

promote the union. Been recognised as ‘England’s chief pamphleteer of the Union of 1707’.

• Defoe presented the Union as the only way to end age-old warring.

KEY PEOPLE

• Squadrone Volante: Political group PRO-UNION. Many members had invested heavily in Darien and believed they would receive compensation for their losses upon full union with England.

FOCUS: SCOTLAND

You will each have information sheets from which you will complete a chart. • MUST have a development e.g. example/

explanation with each point. • Aim for AT LEAST 2 points per theme. • Key idea: WHY SCOTLAND WAS FOR/AGAINST

THE UNION.

FOR UNIONEconomic:• Union would help Scotland’s poor economy.

Darien had made Scotland poor. End to Navigation Acts – Scotland could trade with English colonies.

• Empire – English links.

FOR UNIONPolitical• Offered additional support in case of political

threat to nation. • Equal treatment in parliament – could lead to

equal trade. • English army at the border – political pressure

in terms of threat of invasion.

FOR UNIONSocial• Farmers losing homes. Stable economic

background. • Personal Gain: John Ker of Roxburghe was given

a Dukedom. But shouldn’t regard it as bribery.

FOR UNIONReligious• Many Scots afraid of Popery – threat of this

reduced. • Act of Settlement – ensure no Roman Catholic

monarch.

FOR UNIONSuccession• Hanoverian succession would secure Scottish

Protestantism – no Catholic monarch. • Wouldn’t go back to the Stuarts.

AGAINST UNIONEconomic• Taxes may increase. • English trade would be favoured over Scottish – leaving Scottish

economy as it was; no development. E.G. Darien. English unwilling to fund it in case it was detrimental to their trade.

• Scottish trade was different to England’s. This wouldn’t be given thought in a joint parliament.

• Some feared ruin of Scottish manufacturing industry due to difficulties in competing with those of England.

• Scottish people feared they would lose out on trade in Europe.

AGAINST UNIONPolitical• People felt that independent sovereignty would be

sacrificed. • Commissioners thought the Claim of Right would be

undermined by the relationship between the British parliament and the crown.

• Landowners feared reduction in status of Scottish nobility in new British parliament.

• Representation in parliament was proportional to size, therefore, Scotland would have a smaller number of MPs than England. Fear that Scotland’s voice wouldn’t be heard & issues overlooked.

AGAINST UNIONSocial• Threat to Scotland’s legal system & liberties• Loss of Scots identity • Anglo-phobia: hatred/dislike of English

demonstrated in pamphlets.

AGAINST UNIONReligious• Didn’t want changes made to Scottish church

system. • Most in favour of Episcopalian (last resort) • Jacobites: wanted Stuarts back. Full union

would stop this from happening.

AGAINST UNIONSuccession• Link back to Jacobite issue.

FULL V FEDERALFULL - Concerns:• Increase in tax• Competition for trade• Loss of sovereignty • Loss of national

identity• Loss of laws & liberties• 91 petitions against

full union.

FEDERAL –Attractions:• Keep Parliament, laws

and church

• Co-operation & agreement would exist in terms of trade etc.

KEY PERSONANTI-UNION: Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun

• Wanted Scottish Parliament to have greater powers & the monarchy and nobility to have less.

• He viewed Alien Act as an abuse of royal powers• He proposed 12 Limitations on royal & noble

powers• He supported Act of Security etc.

ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST

ENGLAND

ENGLAND• Important to remember that England was

initially hostile to a closer union with Scotland.

• Tory Leader, Edward Seymour (1700) described Scotland as a ‘blood sucking louse’.

• The English rejected FOUR Scottish approaches for a closer union between 1660-1702.

USE THIS IN AN ANSWER!!!!

ENGLAND: FOR?

• MILITARY

• ECONOMIC

• POLITICAL

ENGLAND: FOR?