ARGUMENTATIVE writing
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Transcript of ARGUMENTATIVE writing
ARGUMENTATIVE writing
Directions: You will complete 3 tasks total for your argumentative writing lesson.
Task #1: read carefully over the following slides, taking notes on your “Argumentative Essay Notes”
ARGUMENTATION
The aim of writing argumentative writing is to: convince or persuade the reader.
One attempts to change the reader’s mind and convince the reader to agree with the point of view or claim of the writer.
So an argumentative essay needs to be highly persuasive and logical.
Key Terms to Learn
Argumentation _____
Refutation _____
Proponent _____
Opponent _____
Counter Argument (CON) ____
(aka Counter claim)
Pro Argument (PRO) _____
1. a person who disagrees with something and speaks against it
2. the act or process of forming reasons, drawing conclusions, and applying them to a case in discussion
3. point or statement that supports one’s ideas and/or thesis
4. point or statement in opposition to the argument being made in a written document or speech
5. the process of discrediting the arguments that oppose your thesis statement
6. someone who argues in favor of something; advocate
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WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF ARGUMENTATION?
present an opinion on a controversial topic to the reader; explain, clarify and illustrate that opinion; persuade the reader that the opinion supported in the essay is
valid by:a. moving the reader to action,b. convincing the reader that the opinion is correct, orc. persuading the reader that the opinion is at least worth considering;
support the opinion by means of giving evidence: facts, examples, physical description, support of authority, and statistics;
present counterarguments to the thesis (belief statement) and refute them respectfully and critically.
Arguable or Not Arguable?
Marijuana should be legalized.Arguable
Smoking is harmful to people’s health.Not Arguable
Salem is the best school in the district.Arguable
Emissions testing hurts the ozone.Not arguable
Gather Data to Support Your Claim
Complete research as necessaryUse appropriate web sitesMake sure your experts are validPrepare your Works Cited page and your
parenthetical citations (Source Notes) in advance
Logos, Pathos, and Ethos
Logos-logical appealEvidence and the reasoning based on that
evidence
Ethos-ethical appealAccording to Aristotle--the credibility or
trustworthiness that the author establishes in his writing
Pathos-Emotional appealPersuades the audience by using emotions
Now go to the next handout in your packet and complete it using the following slides……
Introduction (1 paragraph)
1-Get the attention of the audience Attention Getter or Hook
2-Provide background information to orient the reader to the issue What does the reader need to know about this
issue? Define terms
THESIS= Create a thesis statement or assertion to guide the reader (this is what you believe- the main focus of the essay that will guide your points. This is called the PRO of the argument).
The Antithesis= anti thesis (=against the thesis (pro side); the “other” side of the argument; this is the CON side)
Address the case of the opposition Several paragraphs at the beginning or weaved throughout
the paper (argument-concession)
Concede points which cannot be refuted Use signal words and phrases such as Admittedly, While it is
true that etc.
Offer refutation for claims which can be countered Use signal words and phrases such as It has been argued,
However etc.
Body Paragraphs (3 total) Provide a clear topic sentence for each
paragraph 3 ways to organize the body: -use Topic Sentence, Concrete Detail, Commentary (TS, CD, COMM) or -Statement, Evidence, Explanation (S-E-E) or-Claim, Data, Warrant (CDW)
Build to the strongest argument Use a variety of appeals Demonstrate logic and reasoning Address the opposition
Conclusion
Restate your main premise Provide a brief summary of your argument Show how a group will benefit from following
your assertion Explain what might happen if your idea is not
accepted End with a rhetorical question Ask for a call to action
Practice: a Sample Argument Essay
1-Go to the class website and click on “Sample Essays for notes packet.”
2-Read the annotated essays and highlight your handout to match it.
3-Next, review the following items, marking these in your handout (use your notes if you need help):
attention getter organization antithesis—con how author refutes the con connective words—transitions development of arguments slippery slope metaphor conclusion