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A future task in good hands A future task in good hands
Prof. Dr. Beate Jessel President, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation
“Urban Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services - Values, Planning and Implementation” Berlin, Germany | 16/18-19 June 2015
Arguing for Urban Green - Values, Policies and Implementation of
Ecosystems in Cities
Foto: Andreas Huth Foto: IÖR Foto: Lennart Kümper-Schlake Foto: Lennart Kümper-Schlake
Outline of the presentation
Introduction
Situation and Background of Urban Green in Germany
Importance of Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
for urban dwellers in Germany
Natural Capital Germany -TEEB DE
Challenges and Approaches in Implementation
Conclusions and outlook
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Population Germany
About. 75% of the population lives
in cities and metropolitan areas
Development of Urban Population
Metropolitan areas in Germany 2009
(Source: UN, World Urbanization Prospect 2009)
Global population
Since 2010 the majority of the
global population lives in urban
areas
Global urban and rural population
1950-2050
(Source: BBSR 2011)
urban
rural
2010
Center of metropolitan areas Additional center area
Narrow commuting area
Wider commuting area
Municiplities outside of
metropolitan areas
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
15th Annual Conference of the European Forum on Urban Forestry, Prof. Dr. Beate Jessel, President of BfN
Challenges for municipalities
Land take for settle-
ments and transport
Loss of biodiversity Climate change Demographic change
Pictures: Alice Kube
Increase in land take for
settlements and transport (Source: Statistisches Bundesamt 2011)
Shrinking (blue) and growing
(red) municipalities 2003-08 (Sources: BBSR, BfN 2011)
Indicator species diversity in
settlements (Sources: BBSR, BfN 2011)
Max. temperature
reduction depending on
green volume in Dresden (Source: Mathey et al. 2011)
Political Mandate
National
National Biodiversity Strategy
Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatschG)
30-ha-goal
European
EU Green Infrastructure Strategy
EU Biodiversity Strategy
EU net-zero-goal
International
CBD
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Ecosystem services of urban nature
Provisioning services Regulating services Cultural services
(Sources: MEA 2003: 57; NEßHÖVER et al. 2007: 263).
nutrition
drinking water
genetic resources
Reduction of air pollution
Climate regulation
Regulation of water balance
Protection from natural
disasters
Aesthetic values
Recreation
Education
Identification
Cultural heritage
Supporting services
Soil formation, nutrient cycles, primary production
Picture: Alice Kube Picture: Alice Kube Picture: Andreas Huth
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Cities will be highly affected by climate change
Cities play a central role in the realisation of a climate-friendly
development
Green spaces can support adaptation to climate change
Urban Green and climate change
Distribution of green volume (m³/m², left) and maximum cooling
effect (right) compared to concrete areas in the city of Dresden
(Source: Mathey et al. 2011)
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
R&D-project: Green, natural, healthy
Analysis of user groups
Assessment criteria to determine health promoting potentials
of urban green spaces
‘List of good arguments’ for planners
Urban green and human health
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Urban nature
Physical health Mental health
Foto: Andreas Huth
Mitigation of negative
impacts
Foto: Alice Kube
Social identification
Foto: Stadt Frankfurt
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Green infrasturcture in urban areas… …creates benefits and makes cities more attractive
People are willing to pay much
for a healthy environment, well-
being and opportunities for
recreation activities
distance from next urban park
< 400m > 400m
Mean L
and V
alu
e p
er
m2
€
443
€
271
attractive urban environments
are also factors for private
investment decisions
Intra-regional
accessibility
Qualified and
high qualified
labour
Vocational
schools and
universities
Supra-regional
accessibility Internationality
of the region
Image of
the region
Attractiveness
of location
Cultural
opportunities
Schools and
childcare dwelling quality
Regional further
education
1
2
3
4
5
Importance for enterprises satisfaction
Location factors Bodensee county
Green factors contribute to 36,7
% of land value in densely
populated urban areas
(Source: Gruehn 2008)
(Source:
Scherer 2012)
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
…published:
I.
Introduction brochure
The Value of Nature for Economy and
Society
…in compilation:
2. ES in rural areas (to be published
2016)
…published:
II.
Business
brochure
The Businesses Perspective
…first draft:
1.
Natural Capital and Climate Policy –
Synergies & Conflicts
(2014)
Natural Capital Germany
- TEEB DE
…in compilation:
3.
ES in the City – Protecting Health
and Enhancing Quality of Life (to be published 2016)
…in preparation:
4.
Natural Capital Germany – A
synthesis report of (to be published
2017)
Study Lead at UFZ; Report Leads at TU Berlin, LU Hannover,
UFZ; approx. 200 volontary authors; Strong advisory bodies.
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
BfN‘s Contributions to TEEB DE
Ecosystem Services in the City –
Protecting Health and Enhancing Quality of
Life
+ Executive Summary for Decision-Makers
Initial Research & Selection:
e.g. Effects of Urban Green on
Well-being and their
Economic Equivalent
e.g. Green, Natural, Healthy –
Potentials of Multifunctional
Urban Green.
Scientific quality assurance Design of scientific
long version:
Topics
Contents
Structure
Executive Summary
for Decision-Makers:
Design
Selection
Integration
Drafting
Utilization
of results 11 8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Implementation Challenges
Knowledge & Exchange of Ideas
Missing awareness about the values of urban ecosystem
services amongst decision-makers and the public
Lack in knowledge and exchange of experience and best
practices regarding options for implementation of urban
green infrastructure in municipalities
Financing
Creating and maintaining urban green is not a priority
In case of limited financial resources funding decisions are
often made against development of urban ecosystems
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Implementation of the German
Biodiversity Strategy
Federal Programme on Biological Diversity:
Funding priorities
1. Species for which Germany has a special responsibility
2. Hotspots of biological diversity in Germany
3. Protecting ecosystem services
4. Other activities with special relevance for the national biodiversity
strategy
www.biologischevielfalt.de
Alliance of German Municipalities for
Biological Diversity
2010: declaration on biological diversity
signed by more than 200 municipalities
2013: 90 municipalities are member of the
alliance for biodiversity
Picture: BfN 2011
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Conclusions
Urban ecosystems are in the spotlight of environmental policy
due to the massive impacts urbanisation processes have on our
natural sourroundings,
the great challenges our municipalities face, and
given the great values they can provide to increase well-being of
urban dwellers at relatively low cost
From recognition of values to implementation
TEEB activities and economic valuations are highly important to
deliver additional arguments in favour of urban green spaces, but
Planning and implementation issues are crucial!!
Keep in mind: Biodiversity and rural-urban interactions
… not to focus on Ecosystem Services only, but also to stop the loss
of biodiversity, or increase whereever possible!
…that also rural ecosystems play a crucial role in ecosystem services
supply and well-being for urban populations!
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
Outlook
Fostering science-policy dialogue
including practice and public
Continued cooperation on TEEB
Exchange on national implementation
Follow-up to EU-China TEEB Platform
Towards close cooperation on urban biodiversity and
ecosystem services between Germany and China
The GreenCities-Study
8th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation „Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services“, Berlin, June 2015
Introduction
Urban Green
in Germany
Values of
Urban
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Services
TEEB DE
Challenges &
Approaches
Conclusions
& Outlook
A future task in good hands
Beate Jessel,
Lennart Kümper-Schlake, Alice Schröder, Katharina Dietrich Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany
7th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation
“Urban Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services - Values, Planning and Implementation” Berlin, Germany | 16/18-19 June 2015
Arguing for Urban Green - Values, Policies and Implementation of
Ecosystems in Cities
Foto: Andreas Huth Foto: IÖR Foto: Lennart Kümper-Schlake Foto: Lennart Kümper-Schlake