areopagitika - Ningapi.ning.com/files/1Q*fTOyGxIAj3-DIO-mJcd-T8aR97... · axali monacemebiT. imis...

savle wereTlis filosofiis instituti

mixeil maxaraZe

a r e o p a g i t i k a

filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba,

filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, gavlena

gamomcemloba inteleqti

Tbilisi

monografiaSi ganxilulia V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze Seq m-nili umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri moZRvrebis – areopagitikis filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, masSi mocemuli filosofiuri ideebi da gavlenebi.

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad monografiaSi ganxilulia pla-tonis filosofia, neoplatonizmi (plotine da prokle), kapa-dokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, grigol no-seli) msoflmxedveloba, areopagituli filosofia (moZRvreba pirvel erTze, katafatikuri da apofatikuri meTodebis ana-lizi, sikeTis idea da sxv.) da areopagituli gavlena (maqsi-me aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot eriugena, Toma akvineli, maister ekharti, nikoloz kuzaneli).

specialuri Tavi eZRvneba areopagituli moZRvrebis mni-Svnelobas qarTuli kulturisTvis.

gankuTvnilia specialistebisa da humanitarul mecniere-

biT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis.

redaqtori – sergi avaliani

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

recenzentebi: revaz balanCivaZe

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

guli ServaSiZe

filosofiis doqtori

aleqsandre aladaSvili

filosofiis doqtori

wignis gamocemaSi gaweuli mxardaWerisTvis

madlobas vuxdi „bazisbanks“.

© mixeil maxaraZe, 2011.ISBN 978-9941-439-00-1 © gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2011.

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avtorisgan

qarTuli filosofiisa da filosofiuri azris Camoya-libebaSi didi roli Seasrula V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze Seqmnilma areopagitikis saxeliT cnobilma religiur-fi-losofiurma moZRvrebam, romelic gadmocemulia oTx tra-qtatsa da aT werilSi (epistoleSi)1.

areopagituli Txzulebebi XI saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTulad Targmna efrem mcirem da misi gavlena qarTul kulturaze maSinve TvalsaCino gaxda. Tumca saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi es moZRvreba CrdilSi iyo moqceuli da amis mizezi unda yofiliyo misi msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsi, romelic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda. kerZod, areopagi-tika monofizitur Zeglad iyo miCneuli, rac gzas uRobav-da mas qarTul marTlmadideblur sinamdvileSi (diofizi-tebSi) srulyofilad damkvidrebas.

xangrZlivi dumilis Semdeg Cvens sinamdvileSi areopa-gituli Txzulebebi pirvelad moixsenia sergi gorgaZem

1 areopagituli sakiTxebis istoria, Targmanebi da avtorobis problema, dawvrilebiT ixileT samson enuqaSvilis (1919-1996) Sesaval werilSi – `petre iberielis (fsevdo-dionise areopagelis) Sromebis ZvelqarTuli Targmani da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi~. ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo samson enuqaSvilma. Tb., 1961, gv. 015-0199.

vuZRvni akademikosebis:

Salva nucubiZisa da

Salva xidaSelis xsovnas

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werilSi – `neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi uZvelesi kvalTagani qarTul mwerlobaSi (fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmani)~, romelic gamoqveynda krebulSi – `Cveni mecniereba~ (1923, #1, gv. 65-74).

werilSi s. gorgaZe mokled mimoixilavs areopagituli krebulis qarTul Targmans, qarTul xelnawerTa istorias, am xelnawerTa urTierTmimarTebas da sxv.

Semdeg areopagituli Txzulebebi gaxda akad. Salva nu-cubiZis sagangebo kvlevis sagani da am kvlevis safuZvelze avtori mivida im daskvnamde, rom areopagitikis avtoria V saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pales-tinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi (411-491).

axlo warsulSi areopagitul moZRvrebas sxvadasxva kuTxiT (avtorobis sakiTxi, filosofiuri da Teologiuri problematika) ikvlevdnen S. xidaSeli, v. nozaZe, a. gawere-lia, iv. lolaSvili, r. TvaraZe, m. nemsaZe, g. TevzaZe, e. xi-n TibiZe, b. baraTeli, l. zaqaraZe, m. maWavariani, d. sumbaZe, a. xaranauli.

areopagituli moZRvrebis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba davi-wye gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebidan da mas Semdeg vikvlev areopagitikis filosofiur wyaroebs, filosofiur prob-lemebsa da gavlenebs. am sakiTxebs mivuZRveni araerTi naS-romi, maT Soris sami monografia. pirveli etapi – TiTqmis 10-wliani kvleva-Zieba dasrulda sadoqtoro disertaciis dacviT (1989). 1991 wels sadoqtoro sadisertacio naSromi gamovaqveyne monografiis saxiT – `Философское содержание ареопагитики~.

areopagitikis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba SemdegSic gavagr-Zele da ZiriTadad vikvlevdi areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas winamaval Teologiur msoflmxedvelobebTan (avgustine, basili didi, grigol noseli, ioane oqropiri) da mis gavlenebs. am mimarTebiT kvlevisas adreul gamokv-levebs (maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot eriugena, maister ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema-maister ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema- ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema-nikoloz kuzaneli) daema- kuzaneli) daema-

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ta Toma akvinelis filosofiis mimarTeba areopagitikas-is mimarTeba areopagitikas- mimarTeba areopagitikas-mimarTeba areopagitikas- areopagitikas-areopagitikas-Tan. specialurad winamdebare naSromisTvis gamovikvlie grigol nazianzelis RvTismetyvelebasTan areopagitikis damokidebuleba, riTac saboloo saxe mieca kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas. aseve, winamdebare naSromisTvis Seviswavle da ganvixile areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul-i moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul-moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- gavlena qarTul kul-gavlena qarTul kul- qarTul kul-kul-turaze.

areopagituli moZRvrebis kvlevisas gverds ver avu-vlidi am moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxs, rasac adre sami naSromi mivuZRveni (1982, 1997 da 2009 wlebSi). am axal monografiaSi kvlav davubrundi am sakiTxs, Sevavse igi axali monacemebiT. imis miuxedavad, rom es ar aris wminda filosofiuri kvleva, mainc mizanSewonilad CavTvale da Sevitane igi am axal naSromSi pirvel Tavad.

winamdebare naSromi im saerTo saqmis gagrZelebaa, romelsac saTave daudo sergi gorgaZem zemoT naxsenebi weriliT.

areopagitikis, gansakuTrebiT am moZRvrebis filosofi-uri msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebis mravalmxrivi kvleva aka-demikosebis Salva nucubiZisa da Salva xidaSelis saxelebs ukavSirdeba. Cemi kvleva-Zieba, romlis Sedegebic Sesulia am axal, Semajamebel naSromSi, arsebiTad nucubiZisa da xi-daSelis kvlevebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebis mcdelobaa.

areopagituli problemebze Cemi kvlevebi S. xidaSelis jer uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT, Semdeg ki masTan intensi-uri TanamSromlobiT mimdinareobda da igi grZeldeboda 25 wels – xidaSelis gardacvalebamde.

aqve minda aRvniSno akademikos guram TevzaZis didi wvli li da Tanadgoma areopagitikis problemebze muSaobi-sas. kerZod, man pirvelma waikiTxa Cemi sadoqtoro diserta-ciis – `areopagitikis filosofiuri Sinaarsis~ xelnaweri da gamoTqva sayuradRebo SeniSvnebi da sabolood misi dadebiTi Sefasebis safuZvelze sadisertacio naSroms

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mieca Semdgomi msvleloba, romelic dasrulda diserta-ciis warmatebuli dacviTa da Semdgom umaRles saatesta-cio komisiaSi (BAK-Si) drouli damtkicebiT. arada, maSin am saxis sadisertacio naSromis (isic sadoqtoros) damt-s) damt-kicebas BAK-Si, rogorc wesi, didi problemebi eqmneboda.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos winamdebare naSromis redaqtoris, saqarTvelos filosofiur mecnierebaTa aka-demiis prezidentis sergi avalianis Rvawlze. is mokle droSi gaecno naSroms, gamoTqva principuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebi da saerTod didad gaisarja, rom naSromi ufro daxvewiliyo da srulyofili saxe mieRo.

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Sesavali

neoplatonizmi gardamavali epoqis filosofiuri sistemaa, romelic warmoadgens antikuri filosofi-uri memkvidreobis originalur sinTezs, rac ZiriTadad pirvelmizezisa (RmerTis) da samyaros erTianobis Tval-sazrisiT gamoixateba. neoplatonikosebi am principis gatarebisas winamaval filosofiur sistemebs emyarebod-nen. neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi principebis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda platonisa da aristoteles msoflmxedvelobebs. neoplatonikosebma mniSvnelovnad ganaviTares platonis moZRvreba sikeTis ideaze, romelic mocemulia dialog `saxelmwifos~ VI wignSi da aristoteles Tvalsazrisi miznobriv mizezze. platonisa da aristoteles TvalsazrisTa gaerTianebis safuZvelze ki, neoplatonikosebma Camoayalibes sakuTari originaluri moZRvreba pirvel erTze. erTze moZRvreba gvxdeba platonTanac. aristotele, stoelebi da neopla-tonikosebi ama Tu im saxiT aviTarebdnen am mimarTulebiT platonizms1. magram neoplatonikosebis erTi, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, aris pirvelmizezi, romlisganac sinamdvile aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs. es ki, garkveuli azriT, sa-myaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis warmodgenis Tvalsazriss amkvidrebda. yovelive amis safuZvelze plotine aRniS-navda, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, xolo qristianuli neopla-tonizmis warmomadgenlis – fsevdo-dionise areopagelis

1 А.Лосев.Эстетикавозрождения.М.,1978,gv. 34.

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azriT, ki – `yvelaferSi Seimecneba RmerTi~. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis amgvari – emanaciuri gageba upiris-pirdeboda Sua saukuneebSi gabatonebul kreacionistul Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, samyaro RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili droSi, arafrisgan.

RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis emanaciuri gageba amqveyniuri sinamdvilis Rirebulad gamocxadebis mso-flmxedvelobrivi safuZveli gaxda, radganac am gziT RmerTi, raRacnairad `miwazea Camoyvanili~ da miwierSi `RvTaebrivis aRmoCenis~ SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. swored es aris mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, roca mkvlevarTa erTi nawili neoplatonur filosofias renesansis umTavres msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad miiCnevs. amitomac neopla-tonuri filosofia, mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imiT, rom igi azrovnebis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri sistemaa, aramed imiTac, rom igi, amave dros, renesansis erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvelsac warmoadgens.

ra mniSvneloba aqvs neoplatonur filosofias sakuT-vriv qarTuli kulturisTvis? rogorc cnobilia, adreul-ma qarTulma kulturam Tavisi ganviTarebis mwvervals XI-XII saukuneebSi miaRwia. am epoqis qarTuli kultura renesansulia, xolo am drois qarTul kulturaze neo-platonizmis mniSvnelovani gavlena (ZiriTadad prokles msoflmxedveloba da areopagitika) eWvgareSea. jer kidev adreul etapze am sakiTxs gamokvlevebi miuZRvnes platon ioselianma, niko marma, ivane javaxiSvilma, sergi gorgaZem, korneli kekeliZem da Salva nucubiZem. am gamokvlevebSi miRebuli daskvnebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba (areopagitika, efrem mcire, ioane petriwi, rusTaveli). ase rom, qarTuli kulturis intere-sebidan gamomdinare neoplatonizmis kvleva saWiro da aucilebelia.

`qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba mecnierebaSi pirve-lad niko marma (1864-1934) gamoiyena Tavis mniSvnelovan

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gamokvlevaSi1, sadac ganxilulia XI-XII saukuneebis qarTve-li filosofosis ioane petriwis mier qarTulad Targmnili prokle diadoxosis Txzuleba – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZ-vlebi~ (petriwis TargmanSi `kavSirni RmrTismetyuelebiT-ni~) da masze darTuli petriwiseuli komentarebi. avtori ioane petriws saqarTveloSi filosofiuri tradiciebis damwyebad miiCnevs. misive SeniSvniT, petriwis filoso-fiuri msoflmxedveloba bizantieli filosofosebis – miqael fselosisa da ioane italosis neoplatonizmiTaa gansazRvruli.

ioane petriwis moRvaweoba qarTveli xalxis kultu-ruli ayvavebis xanas emTxveva. niko maris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, es is droa, roca qarTvelebi imave sakiTxebiT iyvnen dainteresebulni, romlebiTac qristianuli aR-mosavleTi da dasavleTi. amasTan, qarTvelebi sxvebze adre exmaurebodnen im droisTvis progresul filosofiur mso-flmxedvelobas da masTan erTad awarmoebdnen berZnuli originalebis uSualo teqstualur kritikas2.

niko maris Tvalsazriss exmaureba ivane javaxiSvilis (1876-1940) Semdegi mosazreba: `metad sagulisxmo da sayur-adReboa, rom maSindel saqarTveloSi neoplatonuri mwer-loba gaCnda da qarTveli mecnierebi imgvarsave rTuli safilosofio sakiTxebiT iyvnen gatacebulni, romelic maSindel mowinave qristian erebs aRelvebdaT rogorc aR-mosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi...~3.

niko maris es gamokvleva mniSvnelovani movlena iyo qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi, xolo am gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebuli `qarTuli neopla-tonizmis~ cneba SemdgomSi mecnierebaSi damkvidrda, ro-

1 Н.Марр.ИоаннПетрицкий грузинский неоплатоникXI-XII века.СПБ,1909.

2 iqve, gv. 61.3 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tb., 1933, II t. gv. 300-

301.

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gorc yvelaze Sesaferisi termini Sua saukuneebis qarTuli filosofiuri memkvidreobis aRsaniSnavad.

qarTul neoplatonizms niko mari SemosazRvravda XI-XII saukuneebis filosofiiT, ufro zustad, igi `qarTul neo-platonizmSi~ mxolod petriwis filosofias gulisxmobda.

Salva nucubiZem (1888-1969) gaafarTova `qarTuli neo-platonizmis~ cnebis sazRvrebi. qarTuli neoplatonizmis Zirebi, misi azriT, unda veZioT `...ara XII saukunis dasawyis-Si, aramed V saukuneSi, roca cxovrobda da moRvaweobda prokles Txzulebis – `kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni~ are-opagituli interpretaciis, e. w. areopagituli wignebis erTaderTi SesaZlebeli avtori~1. nucubiZes, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagituli wignebis namdvil avtorad miaC-nda V saukunis cnobili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pal-estinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi.

areopagitul moZRvrebas gamorCeuli adgili ukavia neoplatonuri filosofiis sistemaSi. marTalia, manamde da mas Semdeg, antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisa da qristianobis Segueba-Serigebis araerTi cda (origene, io-ane skot eriugena) iyo, magram es ise warmatebulad rogorc areopagitikaSia, arsad ar ganxorcielebula. swored ami-tomac areopagitikas miiCneven `qristianobis neoplatonur gadamuSavebad~ (v. vindelbandi), `neoplatonizmis gadarg-vas qristianobis niadagze (S. nucubiZe). msgavs mosazrebebs gamoTqvamen i. Stiglmairi da a. losevi (1893-1988). k. kre-meris SeniSvniT ki, areopagitika iyo neoplatonizmis Sua-mavali Sua saukuneebSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, areopagituli moZRvrebis SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes qarTvelma mecnierebma. maT araerTi naSromi miuZRvnes areopagitikas, gamoikvlies am moZRvrebis calkeuli mxareebi da aCvenes misi didi mniS-

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 163-164.

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vneloba saerTod renesansuli da kerZod, qarTuli kul-turisTvis.

qarTul mecnierebaSi areopagituli moZRvrebis kvle-vis didi tradiciis miuxedavad, jer kidev bevria gasakeTe-beli. kerZod, misi mimarTeba winamaval filosofiursa da Teologiur moZRvrebebTan, sakuTriv areopagitikis fi-losofiuri problemebi da gavlena Semdgomi drois mso-flmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebze. marTebulad SeniSnav-da a. losevi: `qarTvelma mkvlevrebma namdvilad sworad SeniSnes am traqtatis (`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, – m. m.) TviT stili, Tumca ar mouciaT misi mecnieruli analizi, romelic jer kidev momavlis saqmea~1.

qarTveli mkvlevrebi, sxvadasxva kuTxiTa da sxvadasxva mizniT ikvlevdnen areopagitul moZRvrebas. aqedan gamom-dinare, maT sxvadasxvanairad esmodaT areopagitikis arsi da mniSvneloba qarTuli kulturisTvis. rac Seexeba areop-agitikas, rogorc filosofiur Zegls, am sakiTxebis kvl-eva ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da S. xidaSelis (1910-1994) sax-elebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Cven gamokvlevaSi gaziarebulia am avtorTa ZiriTadi azri: areopagituli filosofia neo-platonuria, sadac mocemulia emanaciuri moZRvreba, ris safuZvelzedac areopagitika renesansis msoflmxedvelo-briv safuZvels warmoadgens2. es moZRvreba erTi aucilebe-

1 A.Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 36.2 arsebobs sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebic. rusi mkvlevari i. smir-

novi profesor k. skvorcovis gamokvlevaze recenziaSi werda, rom `не смотря на то, что ареопагитические сочинения стоят под вли-янием неоплатонизма, они все-таки удерживают антинеоплатоническоенаправление~(И.А.Смирнов.Русскаялитератураосочиненияхсименемсв.ДионисияАреопагита.Поповоду `Исследования~ проф.Скворцова. `Православноеобозрение~,М.,1872,т.VI, gv. 872).

Zveli saeklesio literaturis cnobili mkvlevari o. ba-r denheveri, marTalia, ar uaryofs areopagitikaze neop-latonizmis gavlenas, magram, misi azriT, es moZRv reba arsebiTad qristianuli Zeglia da misi avtori saq miT neop-

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li rgolia im erTxmiani xazisa, romelic saTaves plotines filosofiaSi iRebs da areopagitikis, eriugenas, fselosis, italosis, dinantis, benelis, ekhartis moZRvrebaTa gavle-

latonizmis damarcxebas cdilobs sakuTriv neopla tonizmiT (O.Bardenhewer.GeschichtederaltkirchlicherLiteratur.FreiburgimBreisgan.1924,Bd.IV, gv. 283).

e. ivankas azriT, RmerTis Semecnebis Sesaxeb neoplatonuri negatiuri Teologia areopagitikaSi arsebiTad sxva gziT gamovlinda. avtori laparakobs agreTve im winaaRmdegobebze, rac Tan axlavs qristianuli neoplatonizmis cnebasa da areopagitikis neoplatonur moZRvrebad CaTvlas (E. Ivanka.Was heiβt eigentlich christlicher Neoplatonismus? Scholastik, Freiburg, imBreisgan.1956,Bd.XXXI,heft1).

msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gvxvdeba v. foelkersa da h. hungerTan. v. foelkeri areopagitul Wvretasa da eqstazze miZRvnil specialur gamokvlevaSi aRniSnavs, rom arasworia kox-Stiglmairis Tvalsazrisi areopagelis prokledan momdi-nareobisa da neoplatonikosobis Sesaxeb (W.Völker.KontemlationundEkstasebeiPseudo-DionyseiosAreopagita.WiesBaden, 1958, gv. IV).

h. hungeris azriT, areopagitika araneolatonuria. am moZR-vrebis avtori, proklesgan gansxvavebiT, RmerTSi xedavs qristes. garda amisa, areopagitikis avtori RmerTSi xedavs ara mxolod Semoqmeds, aramed agreTve adamianebis mxsnelsac. amaSi unda davinaxoT gansxvaveba dionisesa da neoplatonizmis emanacias Soris. avtoris daskvniT, areopagitika aris dagvia-nebuli, magram aucilebeli da saWiro qristianuli reaqcia neoplatonizmisadmi (H.Hunger.Reich der neuenmitte der christlicheGeistderbyzantinischenKultur.Graz,Wien,Köln,1965, gv. 331-332).

v. folkerisa da e. ivankas zemoaRniSnul Tvalsazriss iziarebs rusi mkvlevari v. biCkovi. igi maRal Sefasebas aZlevs areopagitikas da aRiarebs mis did mniSvnelobas sakacobrio kulturisTvis. v. biCkovi gamokvlevaSi bevr sayuradRebo mosazrebas gamoTqvams areopagitikaze, magram misi zogierTi mosazreba sadavod migvaCnia. igi aRniSnavs, rom areopagitikaSi RmerTi gadis simravleSi ise, rom ar tovebs Tavis Tavs (В.В.Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики. `Византийский времен-ник~,М., 1976 37, gv. 167-169 ). amiT, v. biCkovis azriT, fsevdo-dionise sZlevs neoplatonur emanatizms. es mosazreba usafuZvloa. kerZod, fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi plo-tines filosofiidan momdinareobs. plotines mixedviTac,

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niT amzadebs jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis pan-Teizms.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili areopagitikas ikvlevs religiuri poziciebidan, ufro sworad masSi arsebiTad mxolod Teologiur Sres miiCnevs. esec am moZRvrebis sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani

xom `RmerTi gadis Tavis sazRvrebidan ise, rom ar tovebs Tavis Tavs~ (V eneada, me-6 wigni, $I). sxvaTa Soris, areopagitikis es Tvalsazrisi emanatizmis damadastureblad miaCnia T. qris-tlibs (Th.Christlieb.LebenundLehredesJoh.ScotusErigena.Cotha,1860, gv. 245).

CvenTvis, aseve miuRebelia v. biCkovis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom areopagitikaSi daZleulia neoplatonuri ema-na tizmi. areopagitika rom emanatizmisgan Tavisufali araa, amaze metyvelebs am moZRvrebaSi gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi RmerTis mier arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSobasa da arsebe-bisadmi RvTaebrivi Zalebis yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe ganfenis Sesaxeb. areopagituli emanatizmi mJRavndeba am moZ Rvrebis sxvadasxva adgilze (ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961, gv. 23, 29-30, 115, 250-257). areopagitikas emanaciur moZRvrebad miiCnevda agreTve h. riteri – qristianuli filosofiis gamoCenili mkvlevari (H.Ritter.Geschichtederchristlichenphilosophie.Hamburg,1841,Th.II, gv. 526).

qarTvel mkvlevarTagan areopagitikis araneoplatonu-robis Tvalsazriss iziarebda a. gawerelia (ix. misi rCeuli nawerebi. Tb.,1977, I t. gv. 245-250, 485, 523, 540-541 da sxvagan. misive, `Ziebani da mosazrebani~. Jurn. `ganTiadi~, 1983, #6, gv. 118), magram avtori ZiriTadad ifargleba areopagitikis araneoplatonurobis aRniSvniTa da sxva avtorebis (a. bri-lian tovi, v. bolotovi, s. epifanoviCi, vl. loski, v. biCkovi da sxv.) damowmebiT.

areopagitikis neoplatonurobaze sayuradRebo azrs gamo-T qvams g. proxorovi: `Пожалуй,именнонедостаток `горизонтально-сти~,историчностивидения–судим,конечно,сохранившимсяпроизведе-ниям–большевсегороднимДиониссиясплатониками(врасчетенако-торых,впрочем,онидолженбылписать)иотличаетоттеххристианскихбогословов,ктоимеетпередглазамипреждевсегоХристаисторическихповествований~(Г.М.Прохоров. `Памятникипереводнойирусскойлите-ратурыXIV-XVвеков~.Ленинград,1987, gv. 17).

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aspeqtia, magram filosofiuri kvlevisTvis – nakleb mniS-vnelovani.

areopagitikis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-biTi momentebia: moZRvreba pirvelerTze (RmerTze), dadeb-iTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi, moZRvreba RvTis mistikur Wvretaze, moZRvreba sikeTeze, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, romlebic Seadgenen filosofi-uri analizis safuZvels.

areopagitul moZRvrebaze sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia misi mTlianobaSi ganxilva (wyaroebi, filoso-fiuri problemebi, gavlenebi). amis gakeTeba aucilebelia Tundac imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom areopagitikisadmi miZ-Rvnil naSromebSi ganxilulia an mxolod areopagitikis wi-namaval moZRvrebebTan mimarTeba, an kidev momdevno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebTan damokidebuleba.

winamdebare gamokvlevaSi naCvenebia, rom areopagitikis filosofiuri tendencia emyareba RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideas da es Tvalsazrisi sabolood didad gamoiyena renesansulma msoflmxedvelobam. amasTan, Cveni gamokvleviT ufro ganmtkicda luTeris, riteris, brili-antovis, popovis, nucubiZisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisi ar-eopagitul moZRvrebaze, rogorc neoplatonur Zeglze, filosofiur nawilSi mis emanaciur xasiaTsa da renesansis erT-erT ideur safuZvelze.

mecnierebaSi, TiTqmis damkvidrebuli Tvalsazri-sis Tanaxmad, areopagitikis mTavar wyarod prokles fi-losofiaa miCneuli. winamdebare naSromSi naCvenebia, rom plotines filosofias aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda areopagitikisTvis. metic, xSir SemTxvevaSi prokles mso-flmxedvelobisa da areopagitikis siaxlove gansazRvru-lia erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis sargeblobiT1.

1 am mxriv sarwmuno mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli naSromSi –Dionysios,Proklos,Plotinos. ix. BeitragezurGeschichtederPhilosophiedesMittelalters.TexteundUntersuchungen.HerausgegebenvonClemensRaumker.Münster,1917,BandXX,Heft1, gv. 21-23.

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gamokvlevaSi platonis `parmenidesTan~ neoplatonur-areopagituli negatiuri Teologiis adre SeniSnuli siax-love ganmtkicebulia axali masalebiTa da dasabuTebiT.

naSromSi faqtobrivi masalis analizisa da Sejerebis safuZvelze ki ganmtkicebulia adre gamoTqmuli Tvalsaz-risi (briliantovi, blonski, hase, berdiaevi) plotinesa da areopagituli misticizmis filosofiur-inteleqtualur xasiaTze.

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom qarTul filosofiursa da filologiur literaturaSi neoplatonuri filosofi-is mniSvneloba msoflio kulturisaTvis zogadad da qar-TulisaTvis kerZod, sxvadasxvanairad iyo gagebuli. mkvle-varTa umravlesoba neoplatonizms samarTlianad Tvli da mowinave progresul msoflmxedvelobad da aucileblad miiCnevda mis safuZvlian Seswavlas. meore nawili ki, warma-rTobis niSnis qveS gaerTianebul neoplatonur filoso-fias reaqciul Tvalsazrisad Tvlida da SeuZleblad mi-iCnevda masSi kulturisTvis raime Rirebulis arsebobas.

neoplatonuri filosofiisadmi amgvari damokideb-uleba yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli da amiT ugu-lebel yofilia is didZali samecniero-filosofiuri li-te ratura, sadac xazgasmiTaa naCvenebi neoplatonuri filosofiis didi roli aRorZinebis epoqis filosofiuri da renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. amasTan, mkvlevrebs, romelTac neoplatonizmi mxolod warmarTul msoflmxedvelobad miaCniaT, mxedvelobidan rCebaT erTi umniSvnelovanesi da sayovelTaod miRebuli garemoeba: neoplatonuri filosofia iyo swored is erT-erTi Su-aleduri rgoli, romlis meSveobiTac antikuri (Tundac warmarTuli) kulturuli memkvidreoba SeuerTda axals, riTac saTave daedo momdevno drois kulturas.

neoplatonizmisa da qristianobis urTierTmimarTe-baze antikuri filosofiis aRiarebuli mkvlevari eduard celeri (1814-1908) aRniSnavda rom, neoplatonizmi Tavisi

16

warmoSobiT ar yofila elinuri sulis reaqcia qristiano-bis winaaRmdeg. Tumca RvTaebis gamocxadeba maT sxvadasx-vanairad esmodaT: qristianoba RvTaebis gamocxadebas xedavda istoriul pirovnebasa da faqtSi, xolo neopla-tonizmisTvis gamocxadeba gamoxatavda samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigisa da pirvelmizezisadmi (RmerTisadmi) adamianis mistikuri Wvretis miswrafebas1. celeri SeniSnavs, rom neoplatonizmi da qristianoba erTdroulad, erTmaneTis gverdiT warmoiSva da didi urTierTzegavlena hqondaT. maT erTi amocana gaaCndaT, magram gamoxatvis formebi sxva dasxva iyo.

neoplatonizmi, rogorc filosofiuri sistema, Sem-dgom, droTa ganmavlobaSi winaaRmdegobaSi movida qris-tianul msoflmxedvelobasTan. qristianobis gabatoneb-ulma mdgomareobam aiZula neopaltonuri filosofia Sehgueboda mas. amitom SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom Camoy-alibda umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri sistema `qristianuli neoplatonizmi~, romelsac didi gavlena hqonda Sua saukuneebSi. qristianul neoplatonizms gavlena hqonda rogorc filosofiur, ise religiur msoflmxedve-lobaze. qristianuli neoplatonizmis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia fsevdo-dionise areopageli.

areopagituli moZRvrebis arsis gasagebad didi mniSvn-eloba aqvs misi Teologiis wyaroebis garkvevas. am mizniT naSromSi ganxilulia kapadokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, grigol noseli) msoflmxedvelo basTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTeba, kerZod: naCvenebia areopagituli ideebis siaxlove da daSoreba kapadokielTa msofl mxedvelobasTan. am mimarTebiT gamoyofilia sakvan-Zo sakiTxebi rogorc kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedvelo-baSi, ise areopagitul moZRvrebaSi (moZRvreba RmerTze, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, samebis Sesaxeb da sxv.).

1 E.Zeller.Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung.Leipzig,1881,Th.III,Abt.2,gv. 444.

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da maTi SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze gakeTebulia Se-sabamisi daskvnebi.

petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis idento-bis Sesaxeb nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Semdeg qarTvel mkvlevrTa interesi areopagitikisadmi ufro gaizarda. imis damoukideblad, Tu vin iyo areopagituli Txzule-bebis avtori, misi mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kulturisTvis eWvgareSea.

areopagitul moZRvrebas mniSvnelovani roli aqvs Ses-rulebuli Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri mso-flmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. is, rom areopagitikaSi nacadia qristianobisa da neopaltonizmis Serigeba-Segue-ba, aman didad ganapiroba am moZRvrebis winaaRmdegobrivi buneba, rac misi sxvadasxvanairi interpretaciis safuZveli xdeba. kerZod ki, areopagitikis wakiTxva SeiZleba rogorc filosofiis, ise Teologiis poziciebidan. filosofiaSi areopagitika qristianuli neoplatonizmis tradiciebs agrZelebs da aviTarebs.

areopagitikaSi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-bobaze aRniSnavdnen luTeri, hegeli, celeri, vindelban-di, raseli... areopagituli moZRvrebis filosofiurobis maCvenebelia am moZRvrebis siaxlove platonis, plotinesa da prokles filosofiasTan. aseve ueWvelia areopagitikaSi mocemuli mkacri filosofiur-logikuri dasabuTeba. amis Sesaxeb aRniSnavda i. popovi. popovis azriT, areopagituli moZRvrebis gviani warmoSobis (Seqmnilia V saukuneSi da ara I-Si, rogorc es adre egonaT, – m. m.) damadasturebelia Semdegi garemoebac: Zveli drois qristianuli litera-turuli Sromebi Tavisufalia yovelgvari filosofiuri gavlenisgan da maTi Sinaarsi mxolod bibliuria. areopa-gitikisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia mkacri filosofiuroba da am mxriv am moZRvrebis avtori aRemateba ara mxolod apologetebs, aramed TviT aleqsandrielebsac1.

1 Православная богословская энциклопедия. Петроград, 1903, т. IV, gv. 1078.

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fsevdo-dionise areopagelis filosofiuri Tvalsaz-risis ganxilvisas cxadi xdeba, rom am mimarTebiT misi msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTad wyaros platonis, plotine-sa da prokles filosofia warmoadgens. am kuTxiT didi da mniSvnelovani kvleva-Ziebebia Catarebuli. sakmarisia aRiniSnos h. koxis, i. Stiglmairis, a. dempfis, v. pregeris, k. kremeris, S. nucubiZis, S. xidaSelisa da sxvaTa mniS-vnelovani gamokvlevebi. aRniSnul SromebSi areopagituli moZRvrebis wyaroebad aRiarebulia platonis, plotinesa da prokles filosofia.

areopagitikaSi naTlad Cans agreTve kapadokiel mamaTa TvalsaCino gavlena.1

neopaltonizmi platonis filosofiis ganviTareba-gaRrmavebas warmoadgens. neoplatonur filosofiaSi, ise rogorc platonTan, ZiriTad amocanas Seadgenda usasru-losa da sasrulos, dauboloebelsa da daboloebuls, anu pirvelmizezsa (RmerTsa) da samyaros Soris mimarTebis garkveva. es amocana platonis filosofiaSi gadauWreli darCa, samagierod, neoplatonizmSi garkveuli azriT mox-erxda am siZnelis mogvareba. kerZod, neoplatonikosebis mier emanaciis principis Semotanam pirvelmizezisa (Rmer-Tis) da samyaros mTlianobis aRiarebis safuZveli moamza-da. es Tvalsazrisi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ixveweboda da sabolood jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis panTeizmiT dasrulda. am Tvalsazrisma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. igi iwyeba platonis filosofiaSi, gaivlis neoplatonur filosofias da kuzanelis panTeizmiT mTavrdeba. amis Se-saxeb aRniSnavs a. dempfi. avtoris azriT, dionisesTan (ig-

1 Я.Н.Любарский.МихаилПселл.Личностьитворчество.М.,1978,В.В.Бычков.Изисториивизантийскойэстетики(«Византийскийвременник~,М.,1976,т.37,gv. 160-191); misive,Византийскаяэстетика.М.,1977,K.Kremer.DieneoplatonischeSeinsphilosophieund ihreWirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Leiden,E.J.Brill,1966,gv.289.

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ulisxmeba fsevdo-dionise areopageli, – m. m.) adamianuri Semecnebis sfero Sevsebulia platonis `parmenideTi~1. es platonizmi (laparakia proklesa da fsevdo-dionise ar-eopagelis mimarTebaSi platonizmis arsebobaze, – m. m.) miuTiTebs xidze, romelic platonis filosofiaSi iwyeba, grZeldeba kuzanelamde da ufro Sors midis. es swored is erTiani xazia filosofiaSi, romelSic S. nucubiZe moiaz-rebs areopagitul moZRvrebasac2.

ra Tqma unda, neoplatonuri filosofiis Camoyalibe-baSi Taviseburi roli Seasrula aristoteles moZRvrebam miznobrivi mizezis Sesaxeb, filonis Tvalsazrisma us-asruloze da sxvaTa moZRvrebebma. magram mTavari wyaro mainc platonis filosofiaa. hegeli aRniSnavs, rom pla-tonis filosofiam ganviTarebis ori gza gaiara. CvenTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs meore gzas. meore gza ki, hegelis azriT, esaa neoplatonizmis saxiT ukan – pla-tonisken dabruneba da TviTcnobierebisa da absoluturi arsebis erTianobis moTxovna3.

platonis filosofiisa da neoplatonizmis mimarTebis gasarkvevad saWiroa platonis filosofiaSi im momentebis win wamoweva, romelTac Semdgom gadamwyveti roli Seas-rules neoplatonizmis CamoyalibebaSi. winamdebare gamokv-levaSi naCvenebia is sakvanZo sakiTxebi, saidanac saTaves iRebs neoplatonuri filosofia da is axali, rac neopla-tonizmma gaakeTa platonTan SedarebiT.

areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi filosofiuri wyaroebis Taobaze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. avtorTa erTi nawili upirveles wyarod platons asaxelebs (i. drezeke),

1 A. Dempf. Der Platonimus des Eusebius, Viktorinus und Ps. Dionysius.München,1962,gv.16.

2 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV t. gv. 120-131, 142-143.

3 Hegel.Vorlesungenüber die Geschichte der Philosophie.Leipzig,1971,Bd.II,gv. 460.

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meore nawili ki – prokles (p. koxi, i. Stiglmairi, S. nu-cubiZe), mesame nawili miuTiTebs rogorc plotineze, ise prokleze (v. pregeri, k. kremeri). ufro marTebuli iqneba aRiniSnos, rom areopagituli moZRvreba sazrdoobs ro-gorc platonis, ise plotinesa da prokles filosofiiT da mxolod erT romelime maTganze yuradRebis gadatana swori ar aris. problemebis erT nawilSi fsevdo-dionise areopageli plotines mihyveba, meoreSi ki – prokles. amis Sesaxeb samarTlianad miuTiTebs k. kremeri1.

plotinesTan fsevdo-dionise areopagelis siaxlove mJRavndeba erTis negaciaSi da gansakuTrebiT misticizm-Si2. h. koxis azriT, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisTvis ucxo araa plotines filosofia, magram yovelive es gvxvde-ba prokles filosofiaSic3. v. pregeris azriT, dionises (fsevdo-dionises, – m. m. ) amosavali Tvalsazrisi iseTivea, rogorc plotinesi4. Cveni mxridan davamtkicebT, rom are-opagituli moZRvrebis suls (erTis negacia, moZRvreba sik-eTeze, misticizmi) ZiriTadad plotines filosofia ufro Seesabameba.

areopagitikis gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs am moZ-Rvrebis prokles filosofiasTan mimarTebis kvlevas. am kvlevisadmi interess zrdis is faqtic, rom prokles fi-losofiisadmi interesi dReisTvis Zalze didia. neopla-tonizmis cnobili mkvlevris v. baiervaltesis SeniSvniT, axali etapi prokles filosofiis kvlevaSi iwyeba mas Sem-deg, rac misi moZRvreba aRiarebul iqna renesansis wyarod5.

1 K.Kremer. dasax. naSr., gv. 287-289.2 iqve, gv. 288.3 H. Koch. Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum

NeoplatonismusundMisterienwesen.Mainz,1900,Bd.I,gv.152-158.4 W.Preger.GeschichtederdeutseheMystik.Leipzig,1874,gv.151-153.5 W.Beierwaltes.Proklus,Grundzuge seinerMetaphysik.Frankfurt amMein,

1965,gv.37.

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areopagitikaSi pirvelsawyisis (RmerTis) cnebis gasa-gebad yvelaze marTebulia am moZRvrebaSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebis ontologiuri safuZvlis dadgena da agreTve, sikeTis ideis cnebis analizi.

apofatikuri meTodis dawvrilebiTi analizis safuZ-velze mivediT im daskvnamde, rom rogorc katafatikuri, ise apofatikuri meTodis ontologiur safuZvels warmoadgens RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma. aq erTm-aneTisgan unda ganvasxvaoT RmerTi, rogorc srulyofileba da RmerTi, rogorc transcendenturi. marTalia, RmerTis transcendenturoba gulisxmobs srulyofilebasac, magram `srulyofilebis~ cnebaSi vgulisxmobT emanaciis saTaveSi myof pirvelmizezs, romelic misgan warmoSobil arsebebs swored srulyoflebiT aRemateba. maSin rodesac transcen-denturad gagebul RmerTsa da xilulis sinamdvilis arse-bebs Soris absoluturi gansxvavebaa.

saerTod ki, areopagitikaSi rogorc dadebiTi, ise uar-yofiTi meTodi pirvelmizezis wvdomisTvis uZluria, ami-tomac daSvebulia RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gaziarebul iqna emanatizmis principi. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, RmerTi, iseve rogorc mze, RvTaebriv Zalebs ganfens yovelgvari arCevanis gare-Se, sakuTari bunebis Tanaxmad, maSasadame, aucileblobiT1.

momdevno droSi areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena gvxdeba rogorc Teologiur, ise filosofiur sistemeb-Si. gansakuTrebuli siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebas-Tan mJRavndeba maqsime aRmsareblis, ioane damaskelis, io-ane skot eriugenas, Toma akvinelis, maister ekhartisa da nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobebSi.

1 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961, gv. 29-30. simartivisTvis aRniSnul gamocemas davimowmebT ase: areopagitika. Semdeg – fsevdo-dionises Sesabamisi Txzu-leba an epistole (werili).

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winamdebare gamokvlevaSi ganxilulia areopagitikis gavlena rogorc Teologiur (aRmsarebeli, damaskeli, akvineli), ise filosofiur (eriugena, kuzaneli) msoflmxed-velobebze. rac Seexeba ekharts, misi msoflmxedveloba Tanabrad ganicdis areopagitikis rogorc Teologiur, ise filosofiur gavlenas.

mravalmxrivi iyo areopagitikis gavlena qarTul kul-turaze (rusTaveli, CaxruxaZe, daviT guramiSvili da sxv.), agreTve, qarTul msoflmxedvelobaze. am sakiTxebis ganx-ilva mniSvnelovania qarTuli kulturis arsis gasagebad.

dasasrul mokled areopagituli krebulis struq-turasa da Sinaarsze.

areopagituli traqtatebia:1. RvTaebrivi saxelebis Sesaxeb (efrem mcires Targ-

maniT – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~); 2. zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`zecaTa mRdelT-

mTavrobisaT¢s~); 3. saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-

mTavrobisaT¢s~); 4. mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb (`saidumlod RmrTis-

metyuelebisaT¢s~).

aTi werilidan pirveli oTxi mimarTulia mowese gaio¡s mimarT. danarCenebis adresatebi arian: RvTismetyveli ioane, mRvdelmTavrebi: polikarpo¡ da tite, mRvdeli sopatro¡si, mowese dimofilo¡si da msaxuri doroTe.

areopagituli traqtatebidan filosofiis Tvalsaz-risiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, romelSic ganxilulia moZRvreba sawyisze, pirvel erTze (RmerTze). traqtatSi aseve ganxilulia RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebebi, RmerTi-dan arsebaTa gamosvla da masSive ukudabruneba, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba da sxv. es sakiTxebi traqtatSi ZiriTadad neoplatonuri, ufro sworad qristianuli neo-platonizmis poziciebidan aris warmodgenili.

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filosofiis TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa traqta-ti – `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~, romelSic gan-xi lulia RmerTis absoluturi negaciisa da misi wvdoma-gaerTianebis gzebi, kerZod, RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta (roca cxadi xdeba, rom racionaluri Semecneba uZluria RmerTis wvdomisTvis), RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi me-TodebiT daxasiaTebis erTianoba da sxv.

danarCeni ori traqtati – `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavro-bisaT¢s~ da `saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~ ufro re ligiuri xasiaTisaa da filosofiisTvis nakleb sainte-resoa, Tumca maTSi areklilia neoplatonuri ierarqiuli (safexurebrivi) sistemis principebi.

areopagituli epistoleebidan zogierTi, marTalia, na-klebad, magram mainc sayuradReboa filosofiis Tvalsaz-risiT.

areopagituli Txzulebebi dawerilia berZnul enaze da pirvelad igi iTargmna siriul enaze, Semdeg Zvel droSi laTinur, arabul, koptur, somxur, qarTulsa da sxva aRmo-savlur enebze. Tanamedrove evropul enebze areopagituli Txzulebebis Targmanebi XIX saukunes miekuTvneba. es Txzu-lebebi, evropulTan SedarebiT, ufro adre iTargmna sla-vursa da rusul enebze.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagituli Txzulebebi qarTulad Targmna XI saukunis gamoCenilma qarTvelma swavlulma, mTargmnelma, filologma da filosofosma – efrem mcirem.

25

I Tavi

areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtorobis sakiTxi da

nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria

areopagituli Txzulebebis, e. w. areopagituli korpu-sis avtorobis sakiTxi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi `awvaleb-da~ mecnierebas. am Txzulebebis arseboba 532 wels konstan-tinepolis saeklesio krebaze gaxda cnobili. mis avtorad ki gamocxadda dionise areopagelis saxeliT cnobili I saukunis cnobili saeklesio moRvawe, aTenis areopagis wevri, episkoposi dionise. renesansis moazrovneebma lor-enco valam (1415-1465) da erazm roterdamelma (1466-1536) eWvi Seitanes imaSi, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis avto-ria I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopageli. amis Semdeg saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda kvle-va-Zieba areopagituli Txzulebebis namdvili avtoris das-adgenad. aRniSnul sakiTxs ikvlevdnen rusi (f. gumilevski, k. skvorcovi, v. bolotovi...) da germaneli (h. koxi, i. Stig-lmairi...) mkvlevrebi.

h. koxma areopagitikis safuZvliani SeswavliT daad-gina, rom am moZRvrebis filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba gansazRvrulia V saukunis neoplatonikosi filosofosis prokle diadoxosis moZRvrebiT1. i. Stiglmairis gamokv-levis Tanaxmad, areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtori kargad

1 H.Koch.ProklusalsQuelledesPs.D.Areopagita inderLehrevomBösen.Pnilologus,Gotingen,1996,Bd.54.

26

icnobs prokles komentarebs platonis dialog `alkibi-adeze~, romelic 462 wliTaa daTariRebuli1.

sxvadasxva gamokvlevis safuZvelze, areopagituli wignebis Seqmnis Taobaze, gakeTebul iqna Semdegi mniSv-nelovani daskvnebi:

1. areopagituli moZRvreba neoplatonuri filosofi-is, kerZod, prokles msoflmxedvelobis did gavlenas gani-cdis.

2. areopagituli Txzulebani dawerilia 462 wlis Sem-deg, platonis `alkibiadeze~ prokleseuli komentarebis gavleniT. ramdenadac es Txzulebani pirvelad 532 wels iqneba moxseniebuli, amdenad, areopagituli Txzulebebis Seqmnis savaraudo drod 462-532 wlebi ganisazRvra.

3. areopagituli Txzulebani q. gazas kulturul gare-moSi iyo Seqmnili da misi avtori episkoposi unda yofi-liyo.

am daskvnebma mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvra Sesaswavli sakiTxis irgvliv kvlevis Semdgomi warmateba, romelic ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis saxelebs ukavS-irdeba.

S. nucubiZe gamokvlevaSi, romelic miznad isaxavda are-opagitul TxzulebaTa namdvili avtoris vinaobis garkve-vas, Cerdeba im kulturul garemoze, sadac moRvaweobda am wignebis savaraudo avtori. am wreSi Sediodnen – prokofi da enea gazelebi da zaqaria ritori (`saeklesio istori-is~ cnobili avtori). nucubiZe aCvenebs, rom es avtorebi SeuZlebelia iyvnen areopagituli Txzulebebis avtorebi, radganac prokofi gazeli filon aleqsandrielisa da ori-genes msoflmxedvelobaTa gavlenas ganicdis, xolo enea gazeli Tavisi qristologiuri Sexedulebebis Camoyalibeb-isas emyareba platonis ZiriTad dialogebs. enea gazelis

1 J. Stiglmayr. Der neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage des sogen.DionysiusAreopagitainderLehrevomUebel.München,1895,HYB18,gv. 254.

27

msgavsad, zaqaria ritoric platonis filosofiis erTguli darCa. nucubiZis SeniSvniT, ramdenadac areopagituli moZ-Rvreba uSualod prokles filosofias emyareba, amdenad, es sami cnobili avtori, rogorc areopagituli Txzule-bebis savaraudo Semqmnelebi, `moxsnil~ unda iqnes.1

gazeli moazrovneebis msgavsad, SeuZlebelia areopagi-tikis avtorebad miCneul iqnen maTi Tanamedroveni – ioane filiponi da leonti bizantieli, vinaidan TiToeul maT-gans, nucubiZis azriT, sul sxva ideologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia, vidre fsevdo-dionise areopagels.

S. nucubiZe gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs zaqar-ia ritoris `saeklesio istorias~, sadac aRniSnulia: `im dionise areopagelma, romelmac warmarTobis umecrebis da wyvdiadidan RvTis Semecnebis gansakuTrebul Suqs mi-aRwia Cveni moZRvari pavles meSveobiT...~2. aq mkvlevari yuradRebas aqcevs gamoTqmas – `im dionisem~ (pirdapir `dionises~ nacvlad) da aseve meore gamoTqmas – `Cvenma mo-ciqulma pavlem~. am bolo gamoTqmaSi wesiT unda yofiliyo – `mociqulma pavlem~. nucubiZis azriT, aRniSnulma Sei-Zleba is azri aRgviZras, rom zaqaria ritors mxedveloba-Si hyavda im wris moZRvari da maswavlebeli, romelsac is TviTon ekuTvnoda. am wris xelmZRvaneli petre iberi (411-491) rom iyo, sayovelTaodaa cnobili. amitomac, nucubiZis SeniSvniT, gamoTqma – `Cveni pavle~ am SemTxvevaSi sagange-bo datvirTvas iZens, ramdenadac es TavisTavad gvikar-naxebs gamoTqmis Sepirispirebas sxva pavlesTan – qristes mociqulTan. sayuradReboa isic, rom zaqaria ritori, rom-lisTvisac saqmis namdvili viTareba cnobili unda yofili-yo, areopagituli Txzulebis avtorad I saukunis moRvawes acxadebs, rac, S. nucubiZis azriT, miuTiTebs, rom aq saqme gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikaciasTan.

1 Ш. Нуцубидзе.Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. Тб.,1942, gv.7.

2 iqve, gv. 19.

28

TavisTavad sainteresoa is faqti, rom monofizitebisa da diofizitebis dapirispirebisa da brZolis periodSi, erT-erTi mxaris mier dionise areopagelis avtoriteti iqna damowmebuli. kerZod, 532 wlis konstantinepolis msoflio saeklesio krebaze areopagituli Txzulebani I saukunis saeklesio moRvawes – dionise areopagels miawe-res. udavo unda iyos, rom es `miwera~ dionise areopage-lis didi avtoritetis gamo moxda da garkveul mizans em-saxureboda. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, am droisTvis wignis miwera sxva avtorisadmi Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo.

S. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, is, rom am periodSi sxva av-torisadmi sxvisi wignis miwera Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi Zalian did mniSvnelobas iZens erTi saintereso da mniSvnelovani faqtis gamo: zaqaria ritori Tavis `saeklesio istoriaSi~ petre iberis raRac gamoCenil saqmeze mianiSnebs, magram saTqmels bolomde ar ambobs. amasTan, zaqaria ritori, sxvaTa sityvebis damowme-biT, saintereso ambavze mogviTxrobs, TiTqosda vinme io-ane aleqsandrielma Tavisi nawarmoebebi petre ibers miawe-ra. petrem ki am wignebis gacnobis Semdeg es faqti uaryo.

mecnierebaSi damtkicebulia, rom ioane aleqsandrieli istoriuli pirovneba araa (o. bardenheveri). maSasadame, ioane aleqsandrielis wignis miwera petre iberze mTlianad SeTxzuli ambavia. yvelaferi es, nucubiZis azriT, zaqaria ritors Segnebulad aqvs gakeTebuli, raTa mkiTxvelisTvis petre iberis samwerlo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb mieniSnebina.

rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, I saukunis saekle-sio moRvawis V saukuneSi Seqmnili Txzulebebis avtorad gamocxadebas da petre iberze ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-drielis wignebis miwerasa da agreTve, zaqaria ritoris mier aRniSnul petre iberis `gamoCenili~ saqmes Soris raRac kavSiri marTlac unda arsebobdes.

petre iberis did avtoritetze miuTiTebs zaqaria qarTvelis Semdegi sityvebi: `mnebavs uwyebad Tqvenda, Zma-

29

no Cemno sayvarelno, cxorebisa wmidisa da netarisa mami-sa Cvenisa petresisa, romeli igi iqmna mnaTob palestinisa da ufro¡sad yovlisa soflisa, romeli – igi aRmoscenda ZirTagan sameufoTa da saRmrToTa da morC iqmna keTil, sawadel da sasurvel da aRorZnda, viTarca xe keTili da Svenieri Tanawarsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa, gamoix-vna Jamsa Tvissa da uwinaresca Jamisa mravalni nayofni~1. aseTi epiTetebi, rogoricaa `mnaTob palestinisa~, `ufro-sad yovlisa soflisa~, `viTarca xe keTili mSvenieri Tana-warsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~... TavisTavad metyve-lebs, Tu vin iyo da ra avtoriteti hqonda am droisTvis petre ibers palestinaSi (da ara mxolod palestinaSi).

petre iberis gamoCenilobasa Tu gamorCeulobaze me-tyvelebs 2006 wels oqsfordSi gamocemul kornelia hornis 600-gverdiani monografia, romelic mTlianad pe-tre iberis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas eZRvneba2.

am gamokvlevaSi elguja xinTibiZes arsebiTad miaCnia is, rom `naSromi warmoaCens petre ibers rogorc udidessa da upirveles avtoritets V saukunis palestinis sabermo-nazvno wreebisa da Teologiuri centrebisTvis. igi petre iberis karieras ikvlevs areopagituli korpusis avtoro-bis hipoTezisagan damoukideblad. magram igi xedavs da ar faravs, rom areopagitikis avtoris problemas uSualo mimarTeba unda hqondes ioane rufusis wignTan `petre ib-eris cxovreba~: an am wignis obieqti, anu petre iberi, an am wignis subieqti-Semqneli, anu ioane rufusi, unda iyos am saidumlo nawerebis avtori~3.

1 qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III tomi, gv. 26.2 C.B.Horn. Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century

Palestine.TheCareerofPeterofIberian.OxfordUniversityPress,2006.3 e. xinTibiZe. uaxlesi tendenciebi qarTul-bizantiuri li-

teraturuli urTierTobis kvlevis mimarTulebiT. kre buli: `bizantologia saqarTveloSi~. Tb., 2007, gv. 54.

30

rogorc cnobilia, areopagitikaSi erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxia moZRvreba sikeTeze. fsevdo-dionisem plotinesa da prokles filosofiis safuZvelze aRiara sikeTis ab-soluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciuroba. areop-agitikaSi sikeTis saboloo miRweva xorcieldeba misti-kuri Wvretis safuZvelze. nucubiZe yuradRebas aqcevs petre iberis cxovrebaSi iseT moments, saidanac irkveva, rom petre iberisTvis eqstazi ucxo ar iyo: moulodne-lad netari (petre) ucnobi Seiqmna da eqstazSi Cavarda da am mdgomareobaSi igi darCa TiTqmis saaTs, saaT-naxevars, Tvalebi ki am dros ucvlelad hqonda mipyrobili cisken.

sainteresoa aseTi cnobac, petre iberi esaubreboda gazel Zenons. Zenonis aRniSvniT, petre iberi am azrebiT `pirdapiri gziT sikeTisken midioda~1. aq, nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul ideebTan gvaqvs TanmTxveva, kerZod, sikeTis absoluturobis sakiTxSi.

S. nucubiZis sarwmuno SeniSvniT, erTmaneTs emTxveva ag reTve areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemuli ierarqiuli prin cipi da petre iberis maswavleblis – ioane lazis (g. 465 w.) – mier warmodgenili samyaros ierarqiuli wyoba, ro melic anonims aqvs gadmocemuli. ioane lazs, petre ib-eris maswavlebelsa da mudmiv Tanamgzavrs, samyaro war-modgenili hqonda safexurebad: angelozebis, qerubinebisa da serafimebis saxiT. rogorc cnobilia, areopagituli moZRvrebis erT-erTi Txzuleba –`zeciuri ierarqia~ spe-cialurad am sakiTxisadmia miZRvnili da masSi mocemuli samyaros ierarqiuli wyobis modelic iseTivea, rogorc ioane lazisa.

sarwmuno Cans S. nucubiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTveloSi arsebul `dionises avtobiografiaSi~ (ig-ulisxmeba I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopa-geli, – m. m.) araferia naTqvami masze, rogorc areopagi-tuli Txzulebebis avtorze. avtobiografiaSi miniSnebac ki

1 Ш.Нуцубидзе.ТайнаПсевдо-ДионисияАреопагита.gv.7.

31

araa dioniseze, rogorc areopagituli wignebis avtorze, rac VII-VIII saukuneTa dokumentisTvis, Tundac apokrifu-lisTvis, friad mravlismetyvelia... amgvarad, saqarTvelo-Si farTod yofila gavrcelebuli wigni, romelSic araferi iyo naTqvami dionises avtorobis Sesaxeb areopagituli wignebis mimarT~1.

am mxriv, aseve mniSvnelovania ioane petriwis cnoba prokles Txzulebis – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlebis~ xelmeored Targmnis Sesaxeb: `aramed mizezi aw kualad gardmoRebad Cem mier wignisa amis eseobasa~. nucubiZe Tvlis, rom petriwis es SeniSvna prokles Txzulebis adre Sesrulebul qarTul Targmanze unda miuTiTebdes. mTargm-neli ki petre iberi unda iyos. ioane petriwis es SeniSvna mecnierebaSi sxvadasxva gvarad iqna gagebuli.

S. nucubiZis kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvels iZleva gake-Tebul iqnes Semdegi daskvnebi:

1. q. gazas kulturuli garemos imdroindeli moR-vaweebidan (prokofi da enea gazelebi, zaqaria ritori, agreTve, maTi Tanamedroveni – aleqsandrieli ioane fili-poni da leonti bizantieli) romelime maTgani, SeuZlebe-lia areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori yofiliyo.

2. realur `dionisesa~ da `mociqul pavles~ nacvlad zaqaria ritoris mier `im dionises~ da `Cveni pavles~ mox-senieba cxadyofs, rom saqme gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikacia-sTan.

3. zaqaria ritoris mier ararsebuli ioane aleqsandri-elis wignebis miwera petre iberze erTi mxriv, xolo, meore mxriv, areopagituli Txzulebebis mikuTvneba I saukunis moRvawisTvis, miuTiTebs, rom yovelive amas zaqaria ri-tori Segnebulad, garkveuli mizniT akeTebs. aq yovelTvis mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom areopagituli moZRvreba V-VI saukuneebis mijnazea Seqmnili. amasTan, zaqaria ritoris

1 Ш.Нуцубидзе.dasax. naSr., gv. 45.

32

dumili petre iberis raRac `gamoCenil~ saqmeze, garkveuli saidumloebis maCvenebelia.

4. areopagituli moZRvrebisa da petre iberis saxelTan dakavSirebul TvalsazrisTa damTxveva:

a) sikeTis absoluturobis sakiTxSi;b) RmerTis mistikuri gziT wvdomaSi;g) areopagituli ierarqiisa da petre iberis maswavleb-

lis – ioane lazis mier warmodgenili samyaros safexure-brivi modelis igiveoba.

5. petre iberis friad didi ganswavluloba da misi sayo velTao cnobili didi avtoriteti qristianul samya-roSi, imis udavo safuZvels iZleva, rom masSi areopagi-tuli Txzulebebis SesaZlo avtori davinaxoT.

areopagituli moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxze mecnier-ebaSi adre miRebuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari da ZiriTadad axla aRniS-nuli daskvnebis safuZvelze, S. nucubiZem petre iberi fsevdo-dionise areopagels gauigiva da igi areopagitikis namdvil avtorad miiCnia1.

S. nucubiZis Tvalsazrisisgan damoukideblad, amave daskvnamde mivida cnobili belgieli bizantologi – er-nest honigmani (1892-1954). imis miuxedavad, rom honigman-isTvis nucubiZis gamokvleva cnobili ar iyo, maTi daskvne-bi bevr punqtSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. honigmanTan nucubiZis mosazrebebisgan mxolod gansxvavebulsa da originalur mignebebs ganvixilavT.

e. honigmani did mniSvnelobas aniWebs germaneli mkvlev ris oto bardenheveris mosazrebas, romlis Tanax-mad, areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori, `ucxoelis eniT laparakobs~. honigmanis gamokvlevaSi aseve didi mniS-vneloba eniWeba zaqaria ritoris cnobas – petre iberisa

1 S. nucubiZis kvleva-Zieba areopagitikis saZiebeli avtoris Sesaxeb Sejamda naSromSi: `petre iberi da antikuri filoso-fiu ri memkvidreoba~. Sromebi. Tb., 1975, V t.

33

da Teodosi ierusalimelisadmi ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-drielis Sromebis miweras. honigmani erTob saintereso kiTxvas svams – sakiTxavia, rogorRa airCia `moxerxebulma yalbismqmnelma~ Tavisi nawarmoebebis avtorebad es ori piri, Tuki isini ar iyvnen cnobilni, rogorc sxva Srome-bis avtorebi?!...1

yvelaferi, rac aq aRiniSna, saintereso da mniSvnelova-nia honigmanis gamokvlevaSi, magram ZiriTadi, riTac av-torma gaamdidra, axali da Taviseuli originaluri momen-ti Seitana areopagituli Txzulebebis saZiebeli avtoris dadgenaSi, aris iereTeosisa da ioane lazis identobis dadgena. honigmani yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, rom sax-eli iereTeosi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeTxzulia da ar gamoxatavs realurad arsebul pirovnebas. Tuki iere-Teosi xelovnurad SeTxzuli saxelia, maSin aseve nayalbevi unda iyos am Txzulebebis avtoris – dionise areopagelis sa xelic, radganac, iereTeosi cnobilia rogorc dionise areopagelis maswavlebeli.

e. honigmanma Zveli berZnuli, siriuli da romauli kalendrebis safuZvliani Seswavlisa da Sejerebis safu-Zvelze daadgina, rom berZnuli, siriuli da romauli eklesia 4 oqtombers aRniSnavda, rogorc iereTeosis mox-seniebis dRed. amasTan, mecnierma yuradReba miaqcia erT aseT mniSvnelovan garemoebas: 465 wlis 4 oqtombers gar-dacvlila petre iberis maswavlebeli – ioane lazi. maSasa-dame, iereTeosis moxseniebisa da ioane lazis gardacvaleb-is dReebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.

aRniSnulis safuZvelze e. honigmani mivida im daskvnam-de, rom iereTeosi da ioane lazi erTi da igive pirovne-baa. iereTeosi fsevdo-dionises maswavlebelia, ioane lazi – petre iberisa. iereTeosisa da ioane lazis indentifika-

1 Э.Хонигман.ПетрИвер и сочинения пс.ДионисияАреопагита. ТрудыТбилисскогогосударственногоуниверситета.1959,т.59,gv.55.

34

cia honigmanisTvis fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre iberis identobis umTavresi safuZveli gaxda.

S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis es mosazrebani mec-nierebaSi nucubiZisa da honigmanis fsevdo-dionise are-opagelisa da petre iberis identobis Teoriis saxeliTaa Sesuli (horniusi)1. am Teorias Tavis droze dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen rogorc sabWoTa mecnierebaSi (vl. orlovi, s. sidorova, v. Caloiani, s. yauxCiSvili, l. meliqseTbegi, S. xidaSeli, s. enuqaSvili), ise ucxoeTSi (fr. doelgeri, r. roki, v. ivanka, x. vardi). am Teorias aRtacebiT Sexvdnen dasavleTis avtoritetuli samecniero Jurnalebi2. am Te-oriis marTebulobis SesaZlebloba aRiarebulia SedarebiT gvian TvalsaCino rusi mecnierebis mxridan3 (a. losevi, m. ka pu stini, v. sokolovi...).

`identobis~ Teorias Tavis droze uaryofiTad Sexvda qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili4.

1 S. nucubiZe. petre iberi da antikuri filosofiuri memkvid-reoba. Sromebi. V t. gv. 7-12.

2 iqve, gv, 241.3 `Тем не менее вместе с Ш. Нуцубидзе отнесение Ареопагитики к

авторствуПетраИверамысчитаемвесьмавероятным~(А.Лосев.ЭстетикаВозраждения. М., 1978, gv. 23); `На авторству «Ареопагитик»… многсветапролилсоветскийисследовательпроф.Ш.И.Нуцубидзе,которыйпришелквыводу,чтоподлиннымавторомвсехчетырехпроизведениибылгрузинскийфилософПетрИвер~(В.Соколов.Средневековаяфилософия.М.,1979,gv.85);`Такгрузинскийученый(т.е.Ш.Нуцубидзе–М.М.)увлекшись, склонен был из средневековой мистики Псевдо-ДиониссияАреопагита, – тайну которого он раскрыл, что явылось вторым егозначительнымоткрытием~(М.Капустин.ИдеявосточногоРенессансаизападно-восточныйсинтез.Всборникепосв.К90-летиюсоднярожденияШ.И.Нуцубидзе.Тб.,1980,gv.149-150).

4 К. Кекелидзе. Проф. Э. Хонигманн о Петре Ивере и сочиненияхПсевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. stalinis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi. Tb., 1956, 63-e t. gv. 421-430; iv. lolaSvili. fsevdo-dionisesa da petre iberielis identurobis problema qarTul da evropul mecnierebaSi. Tb., 1973; С. Данелия. К вопросу о личности Псевдо-Дионисия

35

rogorc vxedavT, nucubiZe-honigmanis identobis Te-oriis mimarT mecnierTa damokidebuleba araerTgvarova-nia. aseT viTarebaSi rogori unda iyos damokidebuleba sakuTriv areopagituli moZRvrebisadmi?

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad Semdeg kiTxvebs unda gaeces pasuxi:

1. ramdenad aris gamarTlebuli petre iberis, rogorc areopagituli Txzulebebis Semqmnelis, miCneva qarTvel avtorad?

2. avtorobis miuxedavad, aqvs raime mniSvneloba areopa-gitul moZRvrebas qarTuli kulturisTvis?

pirvel kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas upirvelesad gasaT-valiswinebelia: petre iberma Tavisi cxovrebis didi mo-nakveTi samSoblosgan Sors, ucxo mxareSi gaatara da sa-kuTriv areopagitikac, ucxo – berZnuli enis atikur dialeqtzea dawerili.

petre iberi, axalgazrdobaSi murvanosi, qarTlis mefis varaz bakuris STamomavali iyo, romelic 12 wlis asakSi mZevlad waiyvanes konstantinepolSi, sadac man Tavisi ni-WiTa da unariT didad gamoiCina Tavi. amis Sesaxeb zaqaria ritori gvamcnobs: `xolo ukeTu vinme ikiTxvides, Tu vi-Tar metyvelebda berZul netari petre, me vauwyo. rameTu Cvensa mas yofasa konstantinepolis ezom advilad daiswav-la man enaÎ berZuli da swavlaÎ, vidreRa ukvirda friad mefesa da yovelTa filosofosTa palatisaTa simaxvile gonebisa misisa¡~1.

samefo karze didi warmatebis miuxedavad, petre iberi Tavis maswavlebel – ioane lazTan erTad, romelic iyo `kaci wmidaÎ da ganSorebuli yovlisagan saqmisa borotisa~,

Ареопагита (`Византийский временник~, 1956, т. УШ); misive, Новыйопыт идентификации Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита с Петром Ивером. saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis moambe. 1960, I t. gv. 269-273.

1 qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III t. gv. 31-32.

36

palestinaSi wavida da berad aRikveca. am droisTvis igi 20-22 wlisa iyo. petre ibers Tan axlda sxva qarTvelebic, maT Soris, zaqaria qarTvelic, romelsac ekuTvnis mis Sesax-eb biografia. aRniSnuli biografia XIII Tu XIV saukuneSi gadmoaqarTula makari mesxma. swored zaqaria qarTvelis biografiaSi petre iberi moxseniebulia rogorc `mnaTob palestinisa~, `viTarca xe keTili da Svenieri Tanawar-sadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~, `samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTasa da meoxisa yovlisa soflisasa~... da, rac mTa-varia, amas gvamcnobs petre iberTan daaxloebuli piri, romelic siyrmidanve Tan axlda mas: `xolo... pirvelad vauwyo... moqalaqobaÎ misi da didebulebaÎ sakvirvelebaTa da saswaulTa misTaÎ. da rameTu ara sxvaTagan Txrobilsa gina sxvisagan smenilsa moqene var aRwerad, aramed romel-sa TviT TvaliTa mxilvel viqmen, igi aRvwero, rameTu si-yrmiTgan Seudeg me wmidasa mas, viTarca Svili erTguli, sadac igi arn da sadaca warvaln~1.

aq aRniSnuliT, erTi mxriv, cxadi xdeba petre iberis didi ganswavluloba da avtoriteti, xolo, meore mxriv, misi moRvaweoba qarTul garemoSi. isic cnobilia, rom pe-tre iberi mis mier agebul eklesiebsa da masTan dakavSire-bul adgilebs qarTul saxelebs arqmevda da saerTod, igi bevrs zrunavda qarTuli kulturisTvis.

italielma arqeologma virjilio korbom palestinaSi, beTlemis maxloblad aRmoaCina petre iberis mier aSene-buli qarTuli eklesiis nangrevebi. cnobili arqeologis SeniSvniT, es monasteri Tavisi gegmiT, Rvinisa da zeTis-xilis sawuravebiT, aq moRvawe berebis saqmianobiT, gansx-vavebulad gamoiyureba iudas udabnos sxva monastrebTan SedarebiT2.

1 qarTuli proza. III t. gv. 26-27.2 g. wereTeli. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan. Tb.,

1960, gv. 9.

37

petre iberis moRvweobasa da aRmSeneblobiT saqmi-

anobas palestinaSi didi yuradReba miaqcia akademikosma

giorgi wereTelma (1904-1973). igi aRniSnavs, rom petre ib-

ers auSenebia es monasteri da amasTana `Seumkia igi qar-

Tuli warwerebiT, sadac TviT misi, misi mamisa da papis

saxelebia moxseniebuli~ da rac mTavaria, es warwerebi

mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom yvelaze uZvelesia dRemde ar-

sebul Zvel qarTul warwerebs Soris. `...vinaidan naxevari

saukuniT mainc win uswreben dRemde yvelaze Zvelad miC-

neul bolnisis warwerebs~1.

amave gamokvlevaSi g. wreTeli ar iziarebs akademikos

korneli kekeliZis Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, pe-

tre iberi `gaizarda bizantiis kulturul sferoSi, ikve-

beboda im sulieri sazrdoTi, romelsac is poulobda ber-

Znulsa da siriul wreebSi~. g. wereTlis azriT, eklesiis

nangrevebze aRmoCenili warwerebiT, es mosazreba ar das-

turdeba! `nawilobriv es mosazreba adrec iwvevda eWvs. V

saukunis didi qarTveli moRvawe murvan-petre cnobili iyo

mTels aRmosavleTSi petre iverielis, anu petre qarTve-

lis saxeliT. safiqrebelia, qarTvelad (iverielad) imitom

iwodeboda igi sxva erebis warmomadgenelTa mier, rom ase

uwodebda da, maSasadame, ase Tvlida igi Tavis Tavs. amitom

saeWvoa vifiqroT, rom kulturis moRvawes, romelic Tavis

Tavs qarTvelad Tvlida, araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda qar-

Tul kulturul samyarosTan da rom igi gaurboda mas~2.

qarTveli ufliswulis aSenebuli eklesia da warwerebi...

`mowmobs, rom igi mWidrod yofila dakavSirebuli qar-

Tul kulturul samyarosTan da imdroindel wminda adgi-

lebSi moRvaweobiT mas qarTuli ena da qarTuli kultura

saerTaSoriso sarbielze gahqonda~3. aqve, avtori varauds

1 g. wereTeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 29.2 iqve, gv.46.3 iqve.

38

gamoTqvams, rom iqneb petre iberisa da misi msgavsi sxva

palestineli qarTveli moRvaweebis damsaxurebiT ukve VI

saukunisTvis qarTvelebma moipoves ufleba palestinis

udides lavraSi, sadac berZnebi iyvnen gabatonebulni,

`warTqvan Jamni da samxrisaÎ, warikiTxon samociqulo da

saxareba TavianT deda enaze~, rogorc amas saba ganwmind-

elis `anderZi~ mowmobs.

g. wereTlis Tvalsazriss mTlianad eTanxmeba Salva xi-

daSeli da Tavis mxriv, gamoTqvams sayuradRebo mosazre-

bas: petre iberi aucileblad Tvlis warwerebSi moixseni-

os mama-papis saxelebi da Tavisi Tavi `...ara keisris karze

Serqmeuli, da arc palestinaSi SeZenili saxeliT, romelic

ufro metad Seefereboda mis samonastro moRvaweobas, ara-

med saxeliT, romelic mas mSoblebma Searqves da romli-

Tac igi sakuTar qveyanaSi iyo cnobili~1.

aRniSnuliT cxadi xdeba, rom samSoblosgan mowyveti-

li, ucxo mxareSi gadaxvewili petre iberi, qarTul garemos

ar iyo CamoSorebuli da mas qarTuli sinamdvile arasodes

daviwyebia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom petre iberi mxolod war-

moSobiT ar yofila qarTveli.

petre iberis biografiaSi umniSvnelovanesia misi aRm-

sareblobis sakiTxi, kerZod: monofiziti iyo igi Tu di-

ofiziti. saqme is aris, rom swored aRmsareblobasTan

mimarTebiT gaugebrobis gamo petre iberis Rvawli da dam-

saxureba araerTgvarovnad iyo gagebuli saqarTveloSi da

misi saxeli xan qarTvel wmindanTa dasSi moixsenieboda, xan

kidev ara. samwuxarod, es viTareba dRemde grZeldeba.

qarTul mecnierebaSi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs saboloo

pasuxi imis Taobaze, Tu ris safuZvelze Seracxa wmindanad

saqarTvelos eklesiam XIII saukuneSi V saukunis gamoCeni-

li qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe, petre iberi, an Semdgom

1 S. xidaSeli. samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969, #4, gv. 141.

39

ratom amoricxa igi XVIII saukuneSi wmindanTa siidan. CvenSi

gavrcelebuli saerTo azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiidan pe-

tre iberis saxelis mokveTa misma monofiziturma aRmsare-

blobam ganapiroba. samwuxarod, petre iberis aRmsareblo-

bis sakiTxi jerovnad araa Seswavlili, rac misi saxelis

irgvliv gaugebrobis safuZvelia.

arada, petre iberis aRmsareblobis garkvevas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre

iberis identobis sakiTxis gasarkvevad. saqme is aris, rom

dRemde sakamaToa rogorc areopagituli Txzulebebis

mo no fizitoba-dofiziturobis sakiTxi, ise petre iberis

monofizituri Tu diofizituri aRmsarebloba.

bolo xanebSi es sakiTxi ganixiles elguja xinTibiZem,

gvanca koplataZem da guram TevzaZem.

e. xinTibiZe Tavis erT statiaSi, romelic fsevdo-dio-

nisesa da petre iberis identobas exeba, gamoTqvams varau-

ds, rom V saukunidan dRemde orTodoqsul-diofizituri

pozicia ueWvelad icvleboda. srulad SesaZlebelia, rom

es cvlileba mimdinareobda areopagitul TeologiasTan

diofizituri poziciis daaxloebis niSniT. meore mxriv,

sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom V saukuneSi areopagitika ixre-

boda monofizitobisken1.

e. xinTibiZis SeniSvniT, VI saukuneSi areopagitul

Txzu lebebSi diofizituri pozicia ar igulisxmeboda. sxva

SemTxvevaSi 532 wlis konstantinepolis saeklesio krebaze

amiT ar ixelmZRvanelebdnen monofizitebi. maSasadame, sa-

Wiro iyo areopagitikis diofizituri ganmarteba, rac ga-

naxorcieles maqsime aRmsarebelma da germane patriarqma2.

aq bunebrivad dgeba kiTxva: monofizitebisa da dio-

fizitebis am davaSi ra pozicia ekava petre ibers? mTeli

1 Э.Хинтибидзе.НовыйаргументобидентификацииПетреИверасПсевдо-ДионисиемАреопагитом. `Византиноведческие этюды~, Тб., 1991, gv., 143.

2 iqve.

40

rigi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. xinTibiZe am kiTxvas-

Tan mimarTebiT gamoTqvams sayuradRebo azrs: `ase rom,

usityvod arc im postulatis gaziareba SeiZleba, rom pe-

tre iberi Tavis sicocxlis bolomde darCa Seupovar mono-

fizitad da arc imis, rom areopagituli Txzulebebi Tavis

pirvel redaqciaSi ukve iyo diofizituri~1.

e. xinTibiZe fiqrobs, rom fsevdo-dionisesa da petre

iberis identobis gasarkvevad jer kidev bevria gasakeTebe-

li. Tumca, misive azriT, jerjerobiT ar arsebobs mecnie-

ruli argumenti da is wyaro, romelic uaryofda fsevdo-

dionisesa da petre iberis identobis SesaZleblobebs2.

e. xinTibiZe aqve SeniSnavs, rom aqamde yuradReba ar

miuqceviaT erTi garemoebisTvis, rac udavod daexmare-

ba mkvlevrebs aRniSnuli identobis sakiTxis garkvevaSi.

avtors mxedvelobaSi aqvs areopagituli mistikis warmo-

mavloba kapadokieli mamebis, kerZod, basili didis misti-

kuri moZRvrebidan3.

amasTan, areopagituli mistikis kavSiri da warmoma-

vloba plotines misticizmTan eWvgareSea da SesaZlebelia

sakuTriv basili didis mistikuri moZRvrebac plotines

misticizmidan momdinareobdes da amiT iyo ganpirobebuli

basili didis mistikur moZRvrebasa da areopagitul mis-

ticizms Soris siaxlove.

g. koplataZem ramdenime werili miuZRvna petre iberis

aRmsareblobis sakiTxs (ix. misi werilebi: `petre iberis

aRmsareblobisaTvis~. gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTve-

lo~, 1994, #39-40; `wmida petre iberi~. gazeTi `madli~, 1994,

#10; `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb~. `madli~, 1995, #4).

winaswar SevniSnavT, rom g. koplataZis mosazrebaTa Ri-

rebulebas zrdis isic, rom misi aRniSvniT, `petre iberis

1 Э.Хинтибидзе.dasax. naSr., gv. 143.2 iqve.3 iqve.

41

aRmsareblobis garkveva aucilebeli pirobaa im kiTxvaze

pasuxis gasacemad, SeiZleba Tu ara iyos igi avtori areo-

pagituli wignebisa~.

g. koplataZe zogadad mimoixilavs petre iberis bio-

grafiebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufusi, zaqaria qarTve-

li, asuruli teqstis anonimi avtori), maTgan gansakuTre-

bul adgils zaqaria qarTvelis `petre iberis cxovrebisa~

da anonimi avtoris asuruli teqstis SedarebiT analizs

uTmobs, ris safuZvelzec petre iberis aRmsareblobaze

Sesabamis daskvnas akeTebs.

g. koplataZis werilebSi kritikulad aris Sefasebuli

qarTvel mecnierTa (k. kekeliZe, S. nucubiZe, a. gawerelia,

i. lolaSvili) Tvalsazrisebi, romelTagan zogierTi (k.

kekeliZe, a. gawerelia) angariSs uwevs petre iberis mxo-

lod monofizit biografebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufu-

si) da zaqaria qarTvelis istoriulobas uaryofs, rasac g.

kop lataZe ar iziarebs. igi arc im azrs iziarebs, romlis

Tanaxmad, zaqaria qarTveli petres biografiis diofizi-

turi interpretaciis avtoradaa miCneuli (S. nucubiZe, i.

lolaSvili).

g. koplataZis mosazrebebidan gamovyofT sam, mTavar

moments:

1. cnobilia, rom palestinidan monofizitebma gaaZeves

qalkedoniki (diofiziti) patriarqi iubenali, romelic Se-

mdgom imperatoris jarTan erTad dabrunda ierusalimSi

da Tanamdebobidan yvela monofiziti episkoposi gadaaye-

na. iubenali ar Seexo petre ibers, rasac zaqaria ritori

petre iberisadmi dedofali pulxerias keTilganwyobiT

xsnis. am faqts, g. koplataZis SeniSvniT, mkvlevrebi ukri-

tikod iReben da amis safuZvelze petre ibers monofizitad

miiCneven. g. koplataZe ki am movlenas axleburad xsnis da

sruliad gansxvavebul daskvnas akeTebs. kerZod, am faqtis

analizisas igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom

dedofal pulxerias cxovreba marTlmadidebluri rwmeni-

42

sadmi erTguli samsaxuris nimuSi iyo, amitomac petre ibe-

ri monofiziti rom yofiliyo, igi mas xels ar daafarebda.

2. imperator zenons (474-491), romelic aRmsareblobiT

monofiziti iyo, Seudgenia henotikoni, romelic monofizi-

tebisadmi garkveul daTmobas warmoadgenda. kerZod, masSi

aRiarebuli iyo mxolod pirveli sami saeklesio krebis

dadgenilebani, xolo qalkedonis meoTxe krebas (451 w.), sa-

dac ganisazRvra marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis dogmati

qristes orbunebovnebaze (diofizitoba), dumiliT uvlis

gverds. am dokumentze petre ibers xeli ar mouweria, rac,

g. koplataZis azriT, misi diofizituri aRmsareblobiT

iyo ganpirobebuli.

3. polemikur werilSi – `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb“

g. koplataZe erTmaneTs adarebs zaqaria qarTvelis `petre

iberis cxovrebasa~ da anomimi avtoris asurul teqsts da

am Sedarebis safuZvelze akeTebs daskvnas, ris Tanaxmad

qarTuli teqsti petre iberis diofizitobis damadastu-

rebelia, xolo asurul teqstSi sinamdvileze Zaldatane-

biT petres monofizitobis dasabuTebis mcdelobaa: `pir-

vel rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom petres cxovrebis qarTul

redaqciaSi petres diofizitad warmoCenis gansakuTrebu-

li mcde loba arsad ar igrZnoba, maSin roca asureli re-

daqcia, miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara amis saWiroeba,

mas Tavgamodebul monofizitad warmoadgens. qarTuli re-

daqciis Txrobis siwrfele imaze metyvelebs, rom avtors

gamogonili ambebis Tu realuri faqtebis sakuTari in-

terpretaciebi Tavisi personaJis marTlsarwmuneobis dasa-

mtkiceblad, rac misTvis isedac cxadi iyo, ar sWirdeboda~

(`madli~,1995, №4).

garda amisa, petre iberis diofizitobis dasasabuTe-

blad g. koplataZis werilebSi, aseve damajerebelia misi

msjelobani petre iberis aleqsandriaSi, monofiziti timo-

Te eluris mmarTvelobis periodSi iqidan ganridebaze da

43

isev aleqsandriaSi ukan dabrunebaze qalkedoniki (diofi-

ziti) episkoposis Jams.

g. TevzaZe petre iberis Sesaxeb naSromSi yuradRebas

aqcevs im garemoebas, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi petre

iberis saxeli saqarTveloSi daviwyebuli iyo da didi xnis

Semdeg pirvelad vaxtang VI-s saxeliT gamocemul `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ gvxdeba ori didi CanarTi petre iberis Sesa-

xeb. avtoris SeniSvniT, `es mefe vaxtang VI-s arCevania da

mis, rogorc qarTuli kulturis mkvlevris da moWirnaxu-

lis SorsmWvretelobaze miuTiTebs~1.

g. TevzaZis naSromSi mTavari is Tvalsazrisia, rom lis

Tanaxmad, petre iberi im safuZvlebis erTguli rCe bo da,

romelic qristianobaSi dapirispirebebs ae rTia nebda, `rom

didi mRvdelTmTavari (petre iberi, – m. m.) dapirispi-

rebulobaze maRla mdgom Rirebulebebs emsa xureboda da

saerTod, zogad adamianur sasuliero zneob riv princi-

pebs aviTarebda, rac uflebas aZlevda mis biografs xazi

gaesva ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed sakacobrio suli-

eri kulturis winaSe am didi moazrovnisa da morwmunis

damsaxurebisTvis~2.

g. TevzaZis naSromSi udavod Rirebulia im momentebze

xazgasma, rom epoqa, romelSic petre iberi moRvaweobda da

mis Semdgomac, kavkasiaSi, kerZod, saqarTvelosa da som-

xeTSi `sruliad monofizituri anda diofizituri“ ar yo-

fila.3 marTlac, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis sazogadoebis

Camoyalibeba diofizitebad da monofizitebad erTbaSad

ar momxdara da garkveulad droSi gagrZelebuli procesi

iyo, rac sabolood qarTulsa da somxur eklesiebs Soris

ganxeTqilebiT dasrulda.

1 g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. Tb., 2009, gv. 5.2 iqve, gv. 8.3 iqve, gv. 16.

44

g. TevzaZe imave naSromSi exeba identobis sakiTxsac

da mas fsevdo-dionises saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebis

avtorobis Sesaxeb arsebul 22 hipoTezaTa Soris, nucubiZe-

honigmanis pozicia yvelaze safuZvlianad miiCnia1. rac

mTavaria, misive sarwmuno SeniSvniT, avtorobis miuxedavad,

petre iberis mier `...wamoyenebuli principebi adamianis

rogorc pirovnebis, Tavisi Tavis, kacobriobis da RmerTis

winaSe pasuxismgebelis, msoflmxedvelobis arsebiTi as peq-

tebis wamowevisaTvis mas, marTlac ekuTvnis pativi CaiT valos

saqarTvelos siamayed da saerTod kacobriobis meoxad~2.

aq petre iberis Rvawlis axlebur danaxvasa da war-

moCenasTan gvaqvs saqme. kerZod, petre iberis Rvawli da

damsaxureba mxolod areopagitikis avtorobiT ki ar unda

gaizomos, aramed amis gareSec da am mimarTebiT momavalSi

kvleva und gagrZeldes.

naSromSi g. TevzaZe aseve naTlad aCvenebs petre iberis

Rrma ganswavlulobas Teologiasa da filosofiaSi3.

bolos kvlav unda gavimeoroT, rom petre iberis aRm-

sareblobis sakiTxis garkvevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs are-

opagituli Txzulebebis avtoris dadgenaSi sicxadis Sesa-

tanad, razedac, rogorc aRiniSna, miuTiTebs g. kop lataZe.

axla meore kiTxvis Sesaxeb. sakmarisia Sua saukuneebis

qarTuli kulturis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenlebis

SemoqmedebaTa ubralo Tvalis gadavleba da cxadi gax deba,

saerTod neoplatonuri filosofiisa da, kerZod, areopa-

gitikis udidesi mniSvneloba qarTuli filosofiuri azris

CamoyalibebaSi.

areopagituli Txzulebebis berZnulidan qarTul enaze

mTargmneli – XI saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli moazrovne

efrem mcire `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ TvalsaCino warmo-

1 g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. gv. 21-22.2 iqve, gv. 22.3 iqve, gv. 6-12.

45

madgenelia. es mis mier saTargmnelad SerCeuli lite-

raturidanac kargad Cans (areopagitika, ioane damaske lis

Txzulebani...).

areopagitulma moZRvrebam didi gavlena moaxdina XI-XII

saukuneebis qarTul saero literaturaze. am epo qis mexo-

tbeTaTvis (SavTeli, CaxruxaZe) areopagitul moZRvrebaSi

gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi RvTaebis miuR wev lobisa da Se-

umecnebadobis Sesaxeb, saerTo msoflmxed velobriv fons

warmoadgenda, romelmac gansazRvra maTi bevri metaforis

xasiaTi (S. xidaSeli).

areopagituli moZRvrebis didi gavlenaa rusTavelis

`vefxistyaosanSi~, sadac mocemulia pirdapiri miTiTeba

`brZen divnosze~ – fsevdo-dioniseze (`am saqmesa dafa-

rulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs~). `vefxistyaosanSi~ gaTa-

vi sebulia sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis ara-

substanciurobis Tvalsazrisi (`RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs

da borotsa ar dadebs~). es Tvalsazrisi plotines filo-

sofiidan iwyeba da sabolood dasrulebul saxes areo-

pagitikaSi iRebs.

Semdegi saukuneebis saqarTvelos kulturaSi areo-

pagi tuli moZRvrebis gavlenas varaudoben daviT gu ra-

miSvilTan (r. TvaraZe), Wabua amirejibTan, nodar du-

mbaZesTan, revaz inaniSvilTan (S. xidaSeli). eWvgareSea,

rom amgvari gavlena iqneba sxvebTanac da ara mxolod mwer-

lebTan, ris gamokvlevac momavlis saqmea.

zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva, raTa mTlianad ga-

vi ziaroT S. xidaSelis is mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad

`areopagitikis qarTulad gadaTargmnis TviT faqti, imis

miuxedavad, Tu vin iyo misi avtori, mniSvnelovania Tavisi

gavleniT qarTuli Sua saukuneebis ideologiaze~1.

1 Ш.Хидашели.ОсновныемировоззреническиенаправлениявфеодальнойГрузии.Тб.,1962,gv.259.

46

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli reaqciebis (s. da ne-

lia da k. kekeliZe, ucxoeli avtorebi, mogvianebiT iv. lo-

laSvili) Semdeg es sakiTxi aRar gamxdara aqtiuri gansjis

sagani. rac Seexeba rus avtorebs (v. orlovi, n. si do rova,

mogvianebiT a. losevi, m. kapustini, v. sokolovi), es ufro

Teoriaze mxardaWera iyo da ara mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba

problemebis irgvliv.

arsebiTad aseve SeiZleba iTqvas im qarTveli avtore-

bis naSromebze, romlebSic gadmocemulia identobis Te-

oriis arsi da maTSi nacadia kidec am Teoriis gamagreba,

magram es saerTo viTarebas ver cvlis da ufro dainter-

esebul mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs, rom arsebobs aseTi hipoTeza

Tu Teoria1.

am fonze uyuradRebod ver davtovebT somexi mec-

nieris sen arevSatianis mier 30 wlis win gamoqveynebul,

erTi SexedviT uwyinar opuss, romelSic man areopagitu-

li Txzulebebis yvelaze SesaZlebel avtorad gamoacxada

V-VI saukuneebis gamoCenili somexi filosofosi daviT an-

haRTi (uZleveli). es Tvalsazrisi avtors gamoTqmuli aqvs

1980 wels erevanSi somxurad gamocemuli daviT anhaRTis

filosofiuri Txzulebebis winasityvaSi2.

s. arevSatians fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da daviT

anhaRTis igiveobisTvis ori argumenti mohyavs:

1 ix. S. xidaSeli. petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis igiveobis sakiTxisaTvis. `mnaTobi~, 1957, #5; misive, samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969, #4; m. maxaraZe. `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba da identurobis Teoria~; m. maxaraZe. werilebi qarTul filosofiaze. Tb., 1988; agreTve, g. TevzaZis, e. xinTibiZisa da g. koplataZis ganxiluli naSromebi.

2 s. arevSatianis winasityvis es adgili somxuri enidan qarTulad Targmna zaza aleqsiZem da igi Sesulia r. TvaraZis werilis – `petre iberieli da daviT uZleveli~ – minawerSi. ix. r. TvaraZe – Txutmetsaukunovani mTlianoba. Tb., 1985, gv. 201-204.

47

1. s. arevSatianis azriT, daviT anhaRTisa da dionise

areopagelisadmi miweril TxzulebebSi aris Sexedulebebis

garkveuli erToba da zogjer igiveoba. avtors ZiriTadad

mxedvelobaSi aqvs daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wigni~

da areopagituli traqtati `zeciuri ierarqia~, sadac ga-

tarebuli azrebi RmerTis Semecnebasa da wvdomaze, RmerT-

Tan gaerTianebaze erTmaneTTan axlosaa, ramac avtors Sem-

dgomi kvleva-Ziebisken ubiZga. kerZod, misive aRniSvniT, es

Tanxvedra imiT xom ar aris gamowveuli, rom orive naSroms

erTi da igive avtori hyavs.1

ra SeiZleba iTqvas am argumentis Sesaxeb?

jer erTi, Sua saukuneebis rogorc religiuri, ise

religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvis amgvari azrebi

imdenad saerToa da sayovelTaodaa damaxasiaTebeli, rom

konkretul moazrovneebTan, Cven SemTxvevaSi daviT anhaR-

Tisa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobebSi am azrebis

msgavseba da Tundac igiveoba, ver gamodgeba am avtorTa

identifikaciisTvis.

meore da mTavari: s. arevSatianis damowmebuli azre-

bi anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wignidan~ da areopagituli

`zeciuri ierarqiidan~ sworedac rom ar Tanxvdeba erTma-

neTs. kerZod, rogorc es daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa

wigni~s erTi adgilis arevSatianiseuli perifrazidan Cans,

anhaRTi Teoriul filosofias yofs fizikad, maTematikad

da RvTismetyvelebad. anhaRTis azriT, brZens mxolod

abstraqtuli azrovnebis, maTematikis saSualebiT SeuZlia

xidi gados grZnobadsa da zegrZnobads Soris da gada-

vides RvTismetyvelebaze2. avtori SeniSnavs, rom amasve

am bobs areopagelio da imowmebs `zeciur ierarqias~: `amis

gamo Cve ni bunebis Tvisebaa is, rom Cven ar SegviZlia uSu-

alod avmaRldeT sulieri arsis Semecnebamde~.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.2 iqve.

48

aq motanili Tvalsazrisis ubralod Sedarebidanac na-

Tlad Cans, rom sruliad usafuZvloa am azrebis identoba-

ze saubari. rac Seexeba msgavsebas, vimeorebT, msgavsi azre-

bi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebisTvis Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

2. s. arevSatianis azriT, `gansazRvrebaTa wignSi~ daviT

anhaRTi aRniSnavs, rom filosofiis mizania – `kaci SeZlebi-

samebr~ daemsgavsos RmerTs, rom filosofosi aris ara is,

vinc Zalian bevri icis da bevris Sesaxeb SeuZlia msjelo-

ba, aramed is, vinc wmindad da mociqulebrivad cxovrobs,

vinc cdilobs daemsgavsos umaRles arsebas, RmerTs1. arev-

Satianis azriT, amasve amtkicebs fsevdo-dionise `zeciuri

ierarqiaSi~, `Cemi azriT mRvdeloba aris mecniereba da mo-

qmedeba, romelic SeZlebisamebr amsgavsebs RmerTis mSve-

nierebas da mihyavs SesaZlebel RmerTisadmi msgavsebamde~2.

jer erTi, damowmebuli adgili `zeciuri ierarqiidan~

sulac ar amtkicebs daviT anhaRTis filosofiidan arev-

Satianiseul perifrazSi gatarebul azrs da meorec: asec

rom iyos, arc anhaRTisa da arc fsevdo-dionises es azre-

bi ar aris originaluri. igi zogadad damaxasiaTebeli iyo

Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri msoflmxedvelo-

bisTvis.

amis Semdeg s. arevSatiani sxva mimarTebiT agrZelebs

msjelobas. misi aRniSvniT, oTxi areopagituli Txzule-

bidan oris – `zeciuri ierarqia~ da `saeklesio ierarqia~,

somxuri Targmanis xelnawerebs rogorc matenadaranisas,

ise ierusalimis wm. hakobianTa somxuri monastris xelna-

werTa sacavSi, Tavsa da boloSi berZnuli asoebiT, wiTeli

da Savi melniT aweria: `daviTi~, `daviT garecav~, `daviT

– srbu¡n dionise~ – `daviTis~, `daviTma dawera~, `daviTma

– wminda dionises~3.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.2 iqve.3 iqve.

49

aRniSnulis safuZvelze s. arevSatiani fiqrobs, rom

xelnawerebis gadamwerebma raRac saidumlo icodnen da

es avtors safuZvels aZlevs kategoriuli daskvnisTvis:

`areopagituli literaturis avtoris saidumlos amosaxs-

nelad, Cveni azriT, daviT anhaRTis saxels meti ufleba

aqvs mimoqcevaSi yofnisa, vidre yvela dRemde gamoTqmul

hipoTezas~1.

jer vikiTxoT am xelnawerebze arsebul warwerebSi

`daviTis~ Sesaxeb ratom igulisxmeba maincdamainc daviT

anhaRTi? es s. arevSatianis winasityvidan ar Cans.

ase rom, saTanado kvleva-Ziebis gareSe, es warwerebi

arafris mTqmelia. amasTan, problema, romelic saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi `awvalebda~ mecnierebas da ucxo ar yofila

somexi mkvlevrebisTvis (mag., v. Caloiani), daujerebelia,

rom yuradRebis gareSe darCenodaT es faqti.

gakvirvebas iwvevs is faqti, rom aseTi kategoriuli

daskvnis avtori ubralodac ar mianiSnebs am sakiTxSi yve-

laze gaxmaurebeli nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Sesaxeb,

rac TavisTavad badebs eWvs tendenciurobaze.

s. arevSatiani erT winaaRmdegobas awydeba, kerZod: or,

Tanac mTavari areopagituli Txzulebebis – `RvTaebrivi

saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologia~ somxur Targ-

mans amgvari warwerebi (`daviTi~ da sxv.) ar aqvs. amitomac

avtori erTgvar `kompromisze~ midis da aRniSnavs: `Cveni

azriT, areopagituli wignebi koleqtiuri Sromis nayofia~2.

isic unda iTqvas, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis avto-

ris sidide da sidiade upirvelesad swored – `RvTaebrivi

saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb~ tra-

qtatebSi mJRavndeba. es garemoeba aucileblad gasaTva-

liswinebelia, miT umetes, roca mkvlevars aseT mniSvne-

lovan aRmoCenaze aqvs pretenzia.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 203.2 iqve.

50

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom s. arevSatiani somxuri eklesiis

mier daviT anhaRTis wmindanad Seracxvis faqtsac iyenebs

Tavisi mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad. avtoris azriT, anhaR-

Tis wmindanTa Soris Seracxva gvkarnaxobs, `rom somxurma

eklesiam cno da daafasa misi raRac gansakuTrebuli dam-

saxureba. mxolod saero filosofiuri, logikuri Sromebis

avtori verasodes gaxdeboda aseTi gansakuTrebuli pati-

vis Rirsi~1.

swored es aris damafiqrebeli. iseT saero filoso-

fossa da logikuri Sromebis avtors, rogoric iyo daviT

anhaRTi, Znelad savaraudoa, rom aseTi wminda saeklesio

religiuri traqtatebi daewera. amasTan, oTxive areopa-

gitul traqtatsa da epistoleebs Soris Sinagani kavSiri

da siaxlove imdenad cxadia, rom s. arevSatianis mxridan

`koleqtiur Sromaze~ saubari, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa mok-

lebuli.

rac Seexeba somxuri eklesiis mier daviT anhaRTis

wmindanad Seracxvas, amisTvis sruliad sakmarisi iyo misi

didi damsaxureba somxuri kulturis winaSe. amis uamravi

magaliTi arsebobs sxva xalxTa istoriaSi.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi, arcTu ise umniSvnelo, gare-

moebac. imave 1980 wels, roca erevanSi gamoqveynda daviT

anhaRTis filosofiuri Txzulebebi somxur enaze s. arev-

Satianis winasityvaobiT, moskovSi, gamomcemloba `Наука~-m

gamosca imave avtoris naSromi – `Давид Непобедимый~, ro-

melSic arevSatiani saerTod arafers ambobs Tavis `aRmo-

Cenaze~. metic, am naSromSi gamoTqmuli azrebi daviT anhaR-

Tis msoflmxedvelobis saero xasiaTze, Tavdayira ayenebs

arevSatianis Sexedulebebs somxuri gamocemis winasityvaSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, s. arevSatianis azriT, somxuri ekle-

sia aseT saero filosofoss wmindanad ar Seracxavda, Tu

ara misi raRac saidumlo damsaxureba eklesiis winaSe (pir-

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 3-4.

51

dapir igulisxmeba anhaRTis mxridan `zeciuri ierarqiisa~

da `saeklesio ierarqiis~ avtoroba).

axla SevexoT amis sapirispiro azrebs rusuli gamoc-

midan. s. arevSatianis azriT, XVIII s-Si qarTul enaze Targ-

mnilma daviT anhaRTis Sromebma keTilSobiluri gavlena

moaxdina qarTuli filosofiuri azris saero mimarTule-

bis ganviTarebaze1.

aseTive gavlena hqonda daviT anhaRTis msoflmxedve-

lobas somxur filosofiaze. swored anhaRTis Sromebisa

da TargmanTa wyalobiT, `Zveli somxeTis filosofiurma

azrma Tavi daaRwia qristianuli Teologiis marwuxebs

da SeinarCuna Tavisufleba~2 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).

kidev erTi adgili s. arevSatianis wignidan: `daviTis

mecnieruli memkidreoba stimuls aZlevda saero ideebis

zrdas, xolo maT avtor filosofosebs rwmenas matebda ima-

Si, rom daviTis, rogorc maTi mokavSiris, avtoriteti dae-

xmareboda maT saeklesio mwignobarTa Tavdasxmebisgan~3

(xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).

ar aris swori s. arevSatianis azri imis Taobaze, rom

areopagitikis somxuri Targmani, romelic Sesrulebulia

716-717 ww-Si, uZvelesia sxva TargmanTa Soris. sinamdvile-

Si areopagituli Txzulebebi pirvelad iTargmna siriul

enaze da igi ekuTvnis petre iberis mowafes sergios re-

Sainels, romelic moRvaweobda V-VI ss.-Si.

dasasrul ki aRvniSnavT, rom 1980 wlis maisis TveSi

somexma xalxma maRal doneze aRniSna daviT anhaRTis da-

badebidan 1500 wlisTavi. am iubiles eswreboda da konfe-

renciaze moxsenebiT gamovida cnobili qarTveli mecnieri,

profesori revaz TvaraZe (1928-2006). igi SeniSnavs, rom am

saiubileo dReebSi araferi Tqmula am axali saocari `aR-

1 С.Аревшатян.ДавидНепобедимый.М.,1980,gv. 5.2 iqve, gv. 19.3 iqve, gv. 57.

52

moCenis~ Sesaxeb da iqve dasZens: `ase marjved Seicvala fse-

vdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre iberielis pirovnebaTa

identobis nucubiZe-honigmaniseuli Teoria areopagelisa

da daviT uZlevelis identobis arevSatianiseuli hipote-

ziT. Seicvala uwyinrad, uCumrad, zedmeti xmauris gareSe.

xmauri ki ara, imxela iubiles msvlelobis dros krintic

arsad daZrula, xmac aravis gauRia imis Taobaze, Tu rogo-

ri masStabis saukunovani problema gadaiWra Turme esoden

martivad s. arevSatianis mokrZalebul winasityvaSi~1.

r. TvaraZis SeniSvnaSi yvelaferia naTqvami da meti sa-

Wiro ar aris.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am etapze areopagituli Txzule-

bebis namdvili avtoris sakiTxi jer kidev ar aris gada-

wyvetili. Tumca, arsebul hipoTezebs Soris yvelaze safu-

Zvlianad nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria gamoiyureba.

1 С.Аревшатян.dasax. naSr., gv. 204.

53

II Tavi

areopagituli filosofia

areopagituli filosofiis ZiriTadi principebi gadmo-cemulia RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) daxasiaTebaSi, sikeTeze moZRvrebasa da sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Tval-sazrisSi.

$1. moZRvreba pirvelmizezze (RmerTze)

areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi, anu RmerTi aris erTi. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Tuki sawy-isi erTi ar iqneba, maSin dasabami martivi da erTiani ki ar iqneba, aramed Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdegi da damSleli. aRniSnuls adasturebs misi Semdegi mosazreba: `rameTu yoveli oroba¡ ara ars dasabam, aramed erToba¡ ars dasabam yovlisa orobisa. vina¡Tgan ujero ars erTisa da misganve gamoslვa¡ orTa¡ yovliTurT urTierTas winaaRmdgoმTa¡ da ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara martivi da erTobiTi, aramed ganyofili da or saxeobiTi da winaaRmdgomi da dam£sneli Tavisა T¢sisa¡~1.

pirvelmizezi martivia, yvelafris sawyisia, yvela arse-bulis arsebaa, yvela cocxali arsebis sicocxlea... yvel-ganaa da yvelaferia: `...sofelsa Sinad, soflisa gared, soflisa zeSTad, zeSTacaTad, zeSTaarsebisad, mzed, var-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

54

skulavad, cecxlad, wylad, qarad, cuarad, Rrublad, lo-dad da klded, yovlad-yovlad~.1

fsevdo-dionises mier daxasiaTebuli pirvelmizezi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia, yovelgvar arsebulTa saT-aves warmoadgens. igi sinamdvileze maRla dgas, misi wvdoma adamianuri gonebisTvis SeuZlebelia. pirvelmizezi sab-olood Seucnobadia: `xolo igi Tavadi zeSTa gonebaTa da arsebaTa zeSTadamyarebul ars, da yovlad ara icnobebis, arca ras arsTagansa Tana-Seetyuebis, da ars igi zeSTa-arsebisa da zeSTagonebisad icnobebis~2. pirvelmizezi gon-ebazec maRla dgas da araferSi ar Seicnoba, misi mokvl-eva da gamoZieba SeuZlebelia. pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) iseTi bunebisaa, rom misi ara marto codnaa SeuZlebeli, aramed misi gamoxatvac. ra aris imis mizezi, rom Cven ar SegviZlia pirvelmizezis gamoxatva? – am kiTxvas rom vupasuxoT, unda gavixsenoT fsevdo-dionises Semdegi azri: vinaidan pirvelmizezi yovelgvar arsebobaze maRla dgas, araviTari saxeli ar SeiZleba iyos misi gamoxatuleba, yovelgvari goneba da sityva usasrulod Sorsaa pirvelmizezisgan.

fsevdo-dionise msjelobis sagnad ixdis `saRvTo wer-ilSi~ mocemul grZnobad gamoxatulebebs. aRniSnuli pre-dikatebi RvTaebis (pirvelmizezis) uxeSi gamoxatulebebia. Tuki predikatebi zustad ver gamoxatavs RvTaebis bunebas, maSin raSi saWironi aris isini? an riTaa gamowveuli, rom predikatebi RvTaebis xatebia? amas, fsevdo-dionises az-riT, Semdegi garemoebebi ganapirobebs:

1. Cveni goneba pirvelmizezis misawvdomad uZlu-ria, amitom iZulebuli varT mivmarToT CvenTvis cnobil grZnobad gamoxatulebebs, formebs da isini pirvelmizezs mivakuTvnoT.

2. pirvelmizezis (RvTaebis) WeSmariteba zegrZnobadia, ris gamoc adamianisTvis idumali da miuRwevelia.

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 12.2 iqve, epistole – `gaio¡s mimarT mowesisa~. gv. 233.

55

fsevdo-dionises azriT, zeSTa arsebebis gamoxat-va xdeba aramsgavsi predikatebiT. magram amiT RvTaebis Rirseba ki ar mcirdeba, aramed, piriqiT, maRldeba, vinaid-an aCvenebs RvTaebis arasagnobriobas. rodesac RvTaebriv arsebebs gamovxatavT `umsgavsi msgavsebebiT~1, maTSi Cven unda gavigoT dauokebeli swrafva wminda Wvretisken, uw-midessa da umaRles sinaTlesTan sulieri gaerTianebisken. aRniSnuli adasturebs zemoT gamoTqmul azrs. RvTaebis aramsgavsi predikatebiT gamoxatva xdeba imis safuZvelze, rom TviT am predikatebs arseboba RvTaebisgan aqvT miRe-buli, isini atareben RvTaebriv Zalas, amitomac SeiZleba maTi saxelwodebis gamoyeneba RvTaebis aRsaniSnavad. usa-gno saxeebamde svla, fsevdo-dionises azriT, SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, roca predikatebs, romlebiTac gamoxatu-lia RvTaeba, RvTaebis aramsgavsad CaTvliT `...umsgavsod moRebiTa msgavsebisa¡Ta maTganve ara ეgreTve xolo Sewyo-bilad da ganT¢sebulad gansazRvrebad T¢Tebasa sacnaurTa da grZnobadTasa~2. bolos interesmoklebuli ar iqneba im predikatebis dasaxeleba, romlebzedac fsevdo-dionise msjelobs: RmerTi, rogorc simarTlis mze, dilis var-sklavi, gonebrivi sinaTle, sicocxlis wyali... qva, lodi ...

maSasadame, fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, pirvelmizezis (RmerTi) saxelwodebebi, daxasiaTebebi ufro CvenTvisaa, vidre RvTaebisTvis. TavisTavad RmerTi rogoria, amaze verc aRniSnuli predikatebi gvipasuxebs da arc gonebas aqvs misi wvdomis unari. pirvelmizezi, marTalia, CvenTvis ucnobia, magram Cven saqme gvaqvs mis mier warmoqmnilTan. amasTan, ueWvelia, rom arsebulTa arsebobis dasabami TviT pirvelmizezia, e. i. pirvelmizezi Tavisi Tavidan gadis, mo-qmedebs, qmnis. rogori xasiaTisaa pirvelmizezis Tavis Ta-vidan gasvla?

1 efrem mcires terminia.2 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 108.

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am kiTxvaze fsevdo-dionise ase pasuxobs: RmerTi sike-Tis mixedviT qmnis mTel sinamdviles, misi gasvla sinamd-vileSi aucileblobis safuZvelze xdeba da Tavis RvTae-briv Zalas ganfens yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe. aRniSnulis ufro cxadad gasagebad fsevdo-dionise mimar-Tavs mzesTan RmerTis analogias: `rameTu viTarca xiluli ese Cuengan mze ara ganizraxavs, arca wina-aRirCevs rasme, aramed T¢T bunebiT ganmanaTlebel ars yovelTa Zalisaebr mimRebelTa naTlisagan misisa, egreTve uzeSTaes mzisa, T¢T bunebiTi igi saxiereba¡ pirmSo¡sa mis saxisagan yovelTa mimarT ganfenisa saxierebaTa T¢sTa¡sa knin-odenad wuli-lad da mcired saxed aCuenebs xilulsa amas mzesa yovelTa zeda ganfenisaT¢s SaravandedTa¡sa~1.

pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc yvelaze srulyofili, mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia. misgan gamosuli arsebebi atareben RvTaebriv bunebas. ibadeba kiTxva: RvTaebisgan gamosuli arsebebi yovelgvar unars moklebuliა Tu ma-Tac aqvT garkveuli miswrafeba? Tuki aqvT, rogoria es miswrafeba da saiT aris mimarTuli igi? neoplatonur fi-losofiaSi naTladaa naCvenebi, rom arsebebi miiswrafvian pirvelmizezisken, anu RmerTisken, vinaidan yvelaze srul-yofili, rac ki SesaZlebelia arsebobdes, aris RmerTi. amitomac arsebebisTvis srulyofilebisken miswrafeba umTavresia. amave azrs atarebs fsevdo-dionise: `xolo yovlad ra¡sa nebebiTa RmrTis-metyuelni odesme trfi-alebad da siyuarulad ity¢an mas da odesme sasurvelad da sayuarelad? amisT¢s, rameTu pirvelisa mis mizez ars da wina-momtyuebel da mSobel, xolo meore T¢T igi ars da pirveliTa miT iZrvis, xolo meoresa Zravs~.2 maSasa-dame, erTi, rogorc mizezi da yvelafris mSobeli, TviTo-naa siyvაruli, xolo, meore mxriv, igi rogorc sikeTe da

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.2 iqve, gv. 42.

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mSveniereba – sasurveli da sayvarelia. amrigad, RmerTi erTi mxriv, mizezia, meore mxriv, mizani.

pirvelsawyisi substancia rogorc mizezi da mizani, pirvelad aristotelem Semoitana, Semdeg es principi neoplatonizmma gamoiyena. rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, es azri fsevdo-dionises filosofiaSic did rols asrulebs. swored is, rom mTeli sinamdvilis safuZveli erTi, srul-yofilebisa da sikeTis umaRlesi formaa, arsebebs misken `mizidvis~ SesaZleblobas aZlevs. ukudabruneba RmerTTan isev RmerTis damsaxurebaa, ramdenadac is Tavisi sikeTiT arsebebs misken izidavs. arsebebi ki miiswrafvian imis meS-veobiT, rom isini, rogorc RvTaebisgan warmoSobilni, RvTa ebriv bunebas arian naziarebi. swored is, rac maTSi RvTaebrivia, maT ukudabrunebisken ubiZgebs.

neoplatonur filosofiaSi gadauwyvetel siZneled darCa materialuri sinamdvilis dakavSireba pirvel-sawyisTan. magaliTad, prokle `Teologiis pirvelsafuZv-lebSi~ aRniSnavs, rom pirvelsawyisSi ukudabrunebis unari gaaCniaT mxolod usxeuloebs. amasTan, prokles mixedviT, mTeli sinamdvile (kosmosis CaTvliT) arsebobas Rebulobs pirvelsawyisis, RmerTis mier. aRniSnulis gamo, neopla-tonizmSi dualizmi sabolood veraa daZleuli – materia da gonebrivi arsebebi erTmaneTisgan mowyvetilia. am mxriv yuradsaRebia fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanax-mad, yoveli arsebulis safuZveli RmerTSia. yvela misken miiswrafvis, xolo pirvelmizezi maT Rebulobs. sabolood ki arsi naziarebia pirvelmizezs arsebobis mixedviT.

rogorc aRiniSna, iseTma didma filosofiurma mimdi-nareobam, rogoric iyo neoplatonizmi, Tavi ver daaRwia dualizms. rac Seexeba areopagitikas, romelic erTdrou-lad xarks uxdida filosofiasa da Teologias, mainc Se-Zlo monisturi principis gatareba: mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia pirvelmizezi da amasTan, pirvelmizezisken, rogorc yovlad srulyofilisken, miiswrafvis sinamdvilis

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yvela arseba (da ara mxolod usxeulni, rogorc es aris proklesTan), iqnebian isini gonierni Tu usuloni; amrigad, fsevdo-dionises azriT, TviT usulo arsebaTa arseboba imis maCvenebelia, rom maTSi raRacnairad aris RvTaebis Zala1.

pirvelmizezSi arsebaTa ukudabrunebis sakiTxze msje-loba SeiZleba davasruloT areopagituli moZRvrebis im nawilis ganxilviT, romelSic saubaria locvis rolze. locva aris RmerTamde amaRlebis saSualeba, magram RmerT-Tan misvla, areopagitikis Tanaxmad, imas ki ar niSnavs, rom is CvenTan modis, aramed is TviTon agvamaRlebs: `garna ara mas STamovzidavT, romeli zeca ars da queca, aramed Cven mis mier aRviyvanebiT umaRlesTa maT mimarT mraval-naTelTa SaravandedTa brwyinvalebisa~2. aRniSnuli ufro cxadi rom gaxados, fsevdo-dionise mimarTavs analogias, moaqvs aseTi magaliTi, rodesac navi kldezea mibmuli, is kldis gamgeblobaSia. aseve varT Cvenc RmerTis meufeo-baSi. locvis meSveobiT RvTaebamde amaRleba miuTiTebs, rom zemoT moyvenili gzebis (Semecneba, SegrZnebebi, arse-boba) garda, arsebobs kidev sxva gza, romelic sabolood fsevdo-dionisesTvis ZiriTadi aRmoCndeba. es aris Rmer-Tis mistikuri Wvreta.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gairkva pirvelmizezis (Rmer-Tis) buneba (srulyofileba), misgan sinamdvilis gamosvla (aucileblobiT) da masSi ukudabruneba (yvela miiswrafvis srulyofilebisken). sainteresoa, Tu rogor aqvs gagebuli mTeli es procesi fsevdo-dionises da ra mimarTebaa masTan umaRlessa da umdables arsebebs Soris? am kiTxvaze are-opagitikaSi aseTi pasuxia: RmerTi, romelic imyofeba Ta-vis TavSi, gadis Tavisi Tavidan, warmoqmnis arsebebs (`sax-ierebisa arsad aRmomdinare~) da ukuubrundeba Tavis Tavs3.

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.2 iqve, gv. 26.3 iqve, gv. 42.

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aq Zneli araa paralelis gavleba neoplatonur filosofi-aSi mocemul triadul principTan: Sedegis yofna mizezSi, mizezidan Sedegis gamosvla da damoukideblad arseboba da mizezSi Sedegis ukudabruneba. mTeli sinamdvile neo-platonikosebs am principiT aqvT warmodgenili. fsevdo-dionisec iziarebs neoplatonikosTa triadul princips da es principi maradiulad miaCnia: `da viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, saxierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina da saxierebisa mimarT ucTomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgule-vis da mis Soris da masve zeda maradis gamomaval arsca da hgiesca da dgas~1.

fsevdo-dionises mTeli arsebuli samyaro, dawyebuli sawyisi erTidan da damTavrebuli ugvaro da usaxo arse-bebiT, warmodgenili aqvs rogorc erTi mTeli, romelSic garkveuli ierarqiaa: saTaveSia yvelaze srulyofili – pirvelmizezi (RmerTi). pirvelmizezis Semdgomi arsebebi masze nakleb srulyofilia, rac ufro Sordeba mas ar-sebebi, miT ufro nakleb srulyofili xdeba; yoveli ar-sebis daniSnulebaa miiRos sinaTle Tavisze srulyofili arsebisgan da gadasces igi mis Semdgom arsebas. mocemuli principiT mTeli sinamdvilis dalagebisas fsevdo-dionise bevr saintereso sakiTxs svams da maT Tavisebur gadawyve-tas iZleva.

kvleva-Ziebam gviCvena, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba didadaa davalebuli neoplatonuri filosofiisgan; amasTan, igi mTeli rigi sakiTxebis Tavisebur gadawyvetas iZleva, rac TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba areopagitul moZRvrebaSi katafatikuri (dadeb-iTi) da apofatikuri (uaryofiTi) meTodebisa da sikeTis ideis ganxilvisas.


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$ 2. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi

fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezi (Rmer-Ti) orgvaradaa gagebuli. erTi gagebis mixedviT, RmerTi yvelaferia, is yvelganaa; meore gagebis mixedviT ki, Rmer-Ti arsad araa, mis Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT. amito mac areopagitikaSi yalibdeba RmerTis daxasiaTebis sapirispi-ro meTodebi: dadebiTi meTodi (apofatika) da uaryofiTi meTodi (katafatika). pirvelmizezis katafatikuri daxasi-aTebisas mas miewereba xiluli sinamdvilis sagnebis saxe-lebi (RmerTi aris mze, miwa, qva...). katafatikur meTods safuZvlad udevs RmerTisa da sinamdvilis erTianoba. katafatikuri meTodis sawinaaRmdegoa apofatika, romelic RmerTs axasiaTebs uaryofiTad (RmerTi araa mze, miwa, qva...), RmerTi ar arsebobs da mis Sesaxeb araviTari codna ar gagvaCnia1.

fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi katafatika da apofatika TanabarZalovania, xolo pirvelmizezi imaze maRla dgas, vidre mis Sesaxeb mocemuli meTodebi gveubneba: `jer ars ukue yovelTave amaT arsTa saxovnebiსa¡ msgavsebad missa dideba¡ da warTqუma¡ misT¢s, viTarca yovelTa mizezisaT¢s, da kualad maT yovelTa¡ve usakuTresad ukuTqma¡ rameTu zeSTa arsTა yovelTa ars Semoqmedi igi arsTa¡ da araodes gonebad ukuTqუmaTa¡ misT¢s winaaRmdgom yofa¡ waTqumaTa, aramed friad ra¡me upiratesobiT zeSTa myof ars igi moklebaTa da uzeSTaes yovelTa matebaTa da daklebaTa~2.

1 es meTodebi fsevdo-dionisemde gamoiyeneboda Zvel indur filosofiaSi, filonTan da sxv. Semdeg pirvelmizezis dade-biTi da uaryofiTi meTodebiT daxasiaTebis SesaZlebloba aCvenes neoplatonikosebma. areopagitikaSi ki aRniSnul meTo-debs gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba.

2 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

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zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom safuZvelSive mcdaria yvela is mosazreba, romelic are-opagituli filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis Sefasebisas aRniSnuli meTodebidan erT-erTs aniWebs upiratesobas. erTi meTodiT (iqneba es katafatika Tu apofatika) areopa-gitul moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezis daxasiaTeba naklovania. aRniSnulis Sesaxeb damajereblad migvaCnia S. xidaSelis mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, `saboloo, katafatika da apo-fatika racionaluri codnis calmxriobas da ukmarisobas adasturebs. namdvilad pirvelmizezi, rogorc yovelive arsebulze zeaRmatebuli, rogorc zeSTa arseba, zeSTa RmerTi da zeSTa saxiereba zeaRmatebulia daboloebul racionalur codnaze~. maSasadame, pirvelmizezi (RvTaebriv `zeSTaaRmatebuli~) yovelgvar racionalurze maRla dgas, amitomac misi wvdoma am safexurze SeuZlebelia. amisaTvis sxva ramaa saWiro. RmerTis namdvili wvdoma xorcieldeba uSualo WvretaSi, `rac katafatikisa da apofatikisagan gansxvavebiT pirvelmizezis mistikur (`mesaidumleobiT~) xilvas warmoadgens~1.

RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) Sesaxeb srul codnas verc misi katafatikuri (dadebiTi) da verc apofatikuri (uaryofiTi) daxasiaTeba ver iZleva. RvTaebis wvdoma mxolod mistika-Sia SesaZlebeli. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi katafatikisa da apofatikis adgilis gasarkvevad unda gaviTvaliswin-oT, rom neoplatonikosebisTvis (da fsevdo-dionisesTvis) pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) aris mTel sinamdvileSi arsebuli mizezebis erTaderTi mizezi da, rogorc aRiniSna, mizanic. marTalia, misi wvdoma codnis safuZvelze SeuZlebelia. ma-gram ramdenadac mTeli sinamdvile pirvelmizezidan mom-dinareobs, misgan aqvT arsebebs sikeTe, mSveniereba, arse-

1 S. xidaSeli. `vefxistyaosanis~ erTi adgili areopagitikis TvalsazrisiT. `macne~, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis organo. 1965, #6, gv. 100-101.

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boba, srulyofileba, xolo codnis sagani aris sinamdvile. amdenad, codnas (garkveulad) saqme aqvs RvTaebis xatebTan. Tuki Cvens codnas raRac mimarTebiT saqme aqvs RvTaebas-Tan, maSin katafatikursa da apofatikur meTodebs aqvs gamarTleba, ramdenadac isini codnis meTodebia.

mokled ganvixiloT katafatikuri da apofatikuri meTodebis ZiriTadi principebi.

katafatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas areopagituli fi-losofia Semdeg suraTs iZleva: mTeli sinamdvile erTi mTelia, agebuli garkveuli wyobiT. pirveli aris yvelaze srulyofili – RmerTi, romelic yvelganaa, xolo bolo – yvelaze nakleb srulyofili – kosmosi; maT Soris mo-Tavsebulia arsebebi (gonieri da sulieri), romlebic erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba srulyofilebis xarisxiT: rac ufro srulyofilia arsebebi, miT ufro axlos dganan pirvelmizezTan da, piriqiT.

ra igulisxmeba aRniSvnaSi – RmerTi yvelganaa? – Tuki davuSvebT, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, amiT RmerTis yovlis-momcvelobasa da zeSTaobas vzRudavT: `RmerTi yvelganaa~ ar unda gavigoT pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. RmerTi rom re-alurad arsebobdes, maSin is adgils daikavebda, iqneboda simravle da ara erTi, e. i. ar iqneboda martivi, rac fsev-do-dionises mixedviT, dauSvebelia1. RmerTis yofna yvel-gan niSnavs, rom sinamdvilis arsebebi, romelTac safuZveli RmerTSi aqvT, sikeTes, mSvenierebas, srulyofilebas Rmer-Tis wyalobiT flobs. sikeTe, mSveniereba, srulyofileba RvTaebrivi Tvisebebia, maTi saxiT arsebebSi saqme gvaqvs RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenasTan da ara TviT RmerTTan. am azriT aris RmerTi yvelgan.

katafatikuri meTodi aCvenebs, rom pirvelmizezisgan gamosuli arsebebi RvTaebriv kvals atarebs, e. i. RvTaeba aZlevs misgan gamosul arsebebs yvela Tvisebas. fsevdo-di-onises azriT, pirvelmizezi misgan gansxvavebul arsebebs


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sikeTes aZlevs yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe1. Tuki RmerTi sikeTes, srulyofilebas, mSvenierebas aniWebs yvela arse-bas, maSin ra aris mizezi imisa, rom sinamdvileSi arsebul arsebaTa Soris erTni meoresTan SedarebiT ufro sru-lyofili, keTili, mSvenieria, meore ki, piriqiT?

SesavalSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom areopagitika warmoadgens antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisa da qristianul-re-ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis garkveul sinTezs. Pperiodi, romelSic daiwera areopagituli Txzulebebi, xasiaTdeba qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis gansakuTrebuli aRmav-lobiT. qristianuli msoflmxedveloba ki efuZneba kre-acionistul Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmad, samyaro (mTe-li sinamdvile) Seqmnilia RmerTis mier droSi, arafrisgan. Tu miviRebT am Tvalsazriss, maSin yoveli nakli, romelic samyaroSi arsebobs, RmerTs miewereba, vinaidan sinamdvile RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili. Aamave dros, Sua saukuneebSi kreacionizmis paralelurad arsebobs filosofiuri (ne-oplatonuri) Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviT, sinamdvile RmerTisgan aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs (emanatizmi). faqtobrivad, am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, RmerTi arafris-RmerTi arafris-gan ki ar qmnis samyaros, aramed awesrigebs maradiul ma-terias.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi sinamdvilis arsebebs aucileblobiT miafens (aZlevs) sikeTes. amasTan, sikeTis Zala miT ufro sustdeba, rac ufro daSorebulia mis wya ros. amitomac pirvelmizezisgan daSorebuli arsebebi ufro nakleb srulyofilia. pirvelmizezis mier sikeTis micema sinamdvilis arsebebisadmi, xolo, meore mxriv, fsevdo-dionises mier imis aRniSvna, rom yvela arsebas safuZveli RmerTSi aqvs, mianiSnebs RmerTisa da sinamdvi-lis erTianobaze.

fsevdo-dionises mTeli sinamdvile gaazrebuli aqvs neoplatonikosebis msgavsad. kerZod, sinamdvilis dasa-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv 29-30.

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bami aris RmerTi, romelic warmoadgens srulyofilebas. pirvelmizezi warmoSobs sinamdviles, sinamdvileSi ar-sebul arsebebs. arsebebi ukuubrundebian pirvelmizezs. yvelaferi es SesaZlebelia pirvelmizezis mxolod kata-fatikuri daxasiaTebis safuZvelze, vinaidan katafatika emyareba RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideas.

areopagituli moZRvrebis dedaarsis gasagebad gan-sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba RmerTis apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebis safuZvelze miRebul daskvnebs. gavixsenoT, rom areopagitul moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) xasiaTdeba dadebiTad da uaryofiTad. amasTan, RmerTi am gansazRvrebebze maRla dgas1. RmerTis orgvari daxasiaTeba SesaZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac, erTi mxriv, igi arsebaTa mizezia, amitomac SeiZleba misi daxasiaTeba dadebiTi niSnebiT. xolo, meore mxriv, RmerTi imdenad srulyofilia, rom misi gamoxatva SeuZlebelia, amitomac SeiZleba misi daxasiaTeba uaryofiTad. magram aq ufro saintereso da mniSvnelovani is aris, rom RmerTis dadebi-Ti da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba (`... da araodes gonebad ukuTqumaTa¡ misT¢s winaaRmdgom yofa¡ waTqumaTa¡...~), vinaidan TviT pirvelmizezi imaze me-tia, vidre mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba (`...zeSTa myof ars igi dadebaTa da uzeSTaes yovelTa mate-baTa da daklebaTa~).

apofatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas, pirvel rigSi, Tval-Si gvxvdeba is garemoeba, rom RmerTi (pirvelmizezi) yovel-gvar arsebulze maRla dgas, misi gamoxatva, moazreba da mis Sesaxeb codna SeuZlebelia, `rameTu yovlad ver sakadreb-el arს Tquma¡ da gonebiT mogoneba¡ rasme zeSTaarsebisa da saidumlo¡sa RmrTebisaT¢s gareSe saRmrTod Txrobili-sa mis Cuenda saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier~2. Ffsevdo-dionises azriT, umaRlesi arseba ar gamoiTqmis, ar moiazreba, is

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224. 2 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5.

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ise unda miviRoT da virwmunoT, rogori saxiTac mocemu-lia `saRvTo werilSi~ da iqve amatebs, rom zeciuri said-umloebani mxolod RmerTisTvisaa cnobili: `xolo zeSTa sity¢sa da gonebisa da arsebisa igi ucnaurეba¡ arsebaTa uzeSTaesisa mis T¢T mაs cnobasa miuteoT...~1. ramdenadac RvTaebrivi arsebebis saidumloeba mxolod RmerTisTvisaa cxadi da radganac Cven mas ver gavigebT, Tavi unda Sevi-kavoT maT Sesaxeb azris gamoTqmisgan.

sakuTriv pirvelsawyisi erTi, anu RmerTi, romelic yvela arsebaze maRla mdgomia – arc gamoiTqmeba da mis Sesaxeb SeuZlebelia codnis qona: `...yovelTa mogonebaTa-gan mougonebეl ars zeSTagonebisa igi erTi; da gamouTqu-mel ars yovlisa sity¢sagan zeSTasity¢sa igi saxiereba¡, erToba¡ erT – myofelni yovlisa erTobisa¡ da arseba¡ zeSTaarsebisa¡, goneba¡ mougonebeli, sityva gamouTqmeli, utyueba¡, mougonebloba¡, dausaxveloba¡, rameTu araraჲT ars arsTagani mizezi yovelTa arsebისაჲ, xolo T¢T uzeSTae-si arsTa¡~2. rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, yvela is niSani, rac RmerTs katafatikurma daxasiaTebam miawera, apofati-kuri daxasiaTebis safuZvelze CamoSordeba. fsevdo-dion-ise aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi imdenad srulyofilia, rom misi gamokvleva, mis Sesaxeb raime azris gamoTqma SeuZlebelia: `da mravalნi RmrTis-metyuelTagaნni hpovნe, romelTa ara xolo uxilaoba¡ da miuwdomeloba¡ igalobes misT¢s, aramed Tanad gamouZiebloba¡ca da gamoukulevlobaჲ, viTarmed ara ars alagi, arca kuali erTi gansavleli dafarulsa mas Soris ganuzomelobasa missa~3. aq, erTi mxriv, naTladaa naCvenebi, rom codnis is sistema, rac RmerTis Sesaxeb kata-fatikam aago, apofatikuri meTodisTvis aRar mniSvnelobs. meore mxriv, fsevdo-dionise aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mi-aniSnebs, rom RmerTis idumali buneba CvenTvis saerTod

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5-6.2 iqve, gv. 6.3 iqve, gv. 7.

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ucnobia, vinaidan SeuZlebelia misi bunebis gamoZieba da gamokvleva1. es Tvalsazrisi zogadia da saerTod, adami-anuri codnis arasrulyofilebasa da SemosazRvrulobaze miuTiTebs. K

katafatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas garkveul iqna, rom fsevdo-dionises cnobili Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, zeSTa sinamdvilis daxasiaTeba predikatebiT, faqtobrivad aris umaRlesi arsebis gadmocema adamianuri codnisTvis mis-awvdomi cnebebiT. umaRlesi arsebis (RmerTis) amgvari gad-mocema gamarTlebulia imdenad, ramdenadac katafatikuri meTodi emyareba RmerTis iseT gagebas, romlis Tanaxmadac, sinamdvilis arsebebi RmerTidan momdinareobs, yvela ar-sebaSi aris RvTaebrivi kvali, amitomac SeiZleba am arse-biTi saxelebiT RmerTis gamoxatva. cxadia, rom RmerTis apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebisas katafatikuri meTo-diT gamoyenebuli predikatebisTvis adgili aRar rCeba, vinaidan isini ver asaxaven RvTaebis srulyofil bunebas: `viTarmed ra¡ca igi ars, misi cnoba¡ da xedava¡ yovelTa arsTagan Seuval ars, viTarca zeSTaarsebisa yovelTgan amaRlebuli~2.

maSasadame, RmerTis katafatikuri meTodiT daxasia-Tebisas RvTaeba yvela arsebis mizezad gvevlineba da amdenad, dasaSvebia arsebaTa saxelebiT misi gamoxatva. apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebisas ki, RmerTi ukve im-denad srulyofilad gvevlineba, rom mis Sesaxeb codna Cven Zalebs aRemateba. PRmerTi rom CvenTvis Seucnobadia, amis mizezad fsevdo-dionises miaCnia Cveni SemecnebiTi unarebis uZlureba, vinaidan yovelgvari codna, rac Cven gagvaCnia, ekuTvnis xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebs da ara zeSTasamyaros: `rameTu ukueTu yovelni cnobani arsTani arian da arsTave zeda dasrulebisa mqonebel arian, ra-bam uzeSTaes iyos yovlisave sity¢sa da yovlisa cnobisa

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 7.2 iqve, gv. 6-7.

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da zeSTa yovelTa gonebaTa da arsebaTa damyarebul~1. amrigad, fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, codna, romelic Cven gagvaCnia, mxolod da mxolod xiluli sinamdvilis arsebe-bze vrceldeba da ara RmerTze.

fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi apofatikuri meTodis ontologiuri safuZvlebis garkvevis gasaRebs plotines (205-270) filosofia iZleva. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezi yvela arsebulze maRla dgas. mas SeuZlebelia ewodos CvenTvis cnobili romelime arsebis saxeli. Mmas arc sik-eTe SeiZleba ewodos, Tuki sikeTis cnebaSi, raime arseb-ulTa rigidan iqneba nagulisxmebi. Ppirvelmizezs sikeTe SeiZleba ewodos mxolod im azriT, Tuki sikeTeSi arseb-ulTa maRla mdgoms moviazrebT2. CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi ufro mniSvnelovania plotines azri, romlis Tanaxmad, pir velmizezi yvelaze maRla dgas da warmoadgens yvela arsebulis absoluturad WeSmarit safuZvels. amitomac arsebulTa sferodan aRebuli nebismieri saxelwodeba ver gamoxatavs mas (e. i. pirvelmizezs, RmerTs)3. rogorc vxe-davT, aRniSnuli siZnele plotines winaSec dgas. igi aRniS-navs, rom pirvelmizezi arsebebis safuZvelia, magram imde-nad aRmatebulia, rom misi mxolod uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba SeiZleba. `...masTan miaxloeba SeiZleba masSi imis gamoricx-viT, rac mas ar ekuTvnis~4. amrigad, plotines filosofiaSi pirvelmizezis uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis safuZvelia TviT pirvelmizezis srulyofileba.

fsevdo-dionisesTvis RmerTi yvela arsebulze imdenad srulyofili da aRmatebulia, rom mas SeuZlebelia mivaw-eroT xiluli sinamdvilis niSan-Tvisebebi. sakiTxis ufro

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.2 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $11. visargebleT plotines enea-

debis Semdegi TargmanebiT: Плотин. Избранные трактаты. `Вера иРазум~,Харъков.ЭннеадаV,1898,8,9,11,13,14,17,19;ЭннеадаVI,1899,2, 6, 11, 15; 1900, 18-21; PPlotins Schriften. Überzetzt von Richard Harder.Leipzig, 1930-1937,Bd. I-V; l. aleqsiZe. neoplatonuri filosofia. plotini da iambliqosi. Tb., 2009, gv. 71-92 [V, 1, $$1-12].

3 iqve, $13.4 iqve, $14.

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naTelsayofad fsevdo-dionise garkveul paralelsac mi-marTavs: mas, rogorc umaRles srulyofils, vuwodebT usasrulos im gagebiT, rom is yovelgvar sasrulosa da usasrulobaze maRla mdgomia (`..vaTar-igi usasrulobasa zeSTaasrulesaT¢s~). Cven mier areopagituli moZRvrebidan moyvanili adgilebi, aCvenebs, rom RmerTisgan CvenTvis cno-bili saxelwodebebis, predikatebis Camocileba – uaryofa (e. i. RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba) misi naklovanebis ki ara, aramed, piriqiT, – misi umaRlesi srulyofilebis maCveneblia.

fsevdo-dionise TxzulebaSi `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ aRniSnavs: `...yovelTa Soris icnobebis RmerTi da garegan yovelTa, da cnobiTaca icnobebis RmerTi... ars misi mo-goneba¡ da sityua¡... da sxua¡ yoveli; da arca icnobebis, arca iTqumis... arca ra¡s arsTaganisa Soris icnobebis; da yovelTa Soris yovel ars da arca erT ras Soris arara; da yovelTa mier yovliTurT icnobebis da arca erTsa ras So-ris araraiT~1. areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili arsebi-Tad migvaCnia orive meTodis ontologiuri safuZvelebisa da urTierTmimarTebis dadgenisTvis. aRniSnuli debulebis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTeba (katafatika). rac Seexeba debulebis meore nawils, aq naT-lad Cans, rom msjeloba exeba RmerTis uaryofiT daxa-siaTebas. am debulebis gagebis mTeli siZnele swored is aris, rom erTsa da imave adgilas sapirispiro mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli. Tuki debulebas davanawilebT da cal-calke ganvixilavT, maSin misi gageba Zneli ar iqneba, vinaidan am debulebis arc erTi nawili areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis ucxo ar aris. magram, Tuki debulebas mTlianobaSi gan-vixilavT, maSin igi bevr axals gvetyvis RmerTis orgvari daxasiaTebis TvalsazrisiT. am debulebis mixedviT, Rmer-Ti yvela arsebaSi yvelaferia (`yovliTa Soris yovelive ars~), igi yvelaferSi Cans da icnobebis (`yovelTa mier


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yovliTurT icnobebis~). es aris debulebis is nawili, ro-melic RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTebis safuZvels iZleva. Mmeore mxriv, am debulebaSi aRniSnulia, rom RmerTi arsad araa (àrc erTa Soris arara¡~) da arc erT arsebaSi Seic-noba (àrca ra¡sa arsTaganisa Soris icnobebis~). yovelive amis safuZvelze winaswar gakeTebulia daskvna, rom Rmer-Tis codna, saxelis wodeba, gamoxatva da a. S. SeuZlebelia (àrca icnobebis, arca saxelidebis, arca iTqumis, da ara ra¡ ars arsTagani...~). sabolood ki mTeli es msjeloba Sejamebulia aseve winaaRmdegobrivi mosazrebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac RmerTi yvelganaa, da arcaa yvelgan, yvelafer-Si Seicnoba da arc Seicnoba. rogor gavigoT es Tvalsaz-risi, romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemulia urTierT-gamomricxavi debulebebi?

davuSvaT, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, RmerTi sinamdvilis mimarT transcendenturia, ese igi, misi miRweva racionaluri codnis safuZvleze SeuZle-belia. axla mivmarToT am princips Cven mier aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis gasarkvevad. es Tvalsazrisi gveubneba, rom RmerTi yvelganaa da amasTan, arsad araa. RmerTis sinamd-vileSi aryofnas Tu gavigebT, rogorc transcendentizms, maSin gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi CavvardebiT, radganac Zalas dakargavs debuleba – RmerTi yvelganaa da amas-Tan, arsad ar aris. am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia mxolod imis Tqma, rom RmerTi sinamdvileSi ar aris, vinaidan RmerTis transcendenturoba ver SeiTavsebs mis yvelgan myofo-bas (imanenturobas). maSasadame, Tuki RmerTs areopagiti-kaSi gavigebT, rogorc transcendenturs, maSin yovelgvar safuZvels moklebuli iqneba fsevdo-dionises msjelobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba RmerTis rogorc dadebiTi daxa-siTeba, ise uaryofiTi, RmerTi Cans da arc Cans yvelafer-Si. am SemTxvevaSi Zalas kargavs areopagitulo debuleba – RmerTi `yovelTa Soris ars da arca erTsa ras Soris ar-ara¡~. amrigad, areopagitikaSi RmerTis transcendenturo-

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bis aRiarebiT gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi vvardebiT. ami-tomac sxva gzaa saWiro aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis gasagebad da gasamarTleblad.

daviwyoT imiT, rom RmerTis zeaRmatebuleba gavigoT ara rogorc transcendentizmi, aramed rogorc srul-yofilebis umaRlesi forma, romelic misgan gamomdi nare arsebebs Tavisi srulyofilebiT, sisrulis, xarisxiT aRe-mateba. Aaxla ki vnaxoT, ra saxes miiRebs Cven mier are-opagitikidan sailustraciod moyvanili debuleba. Tuki RmerTSi vigulisxmebT axla aRniSnul srulyofilebas, de-bulebis pirveli nawili sadavo araa da gulisxmobs, rom RmerTi yvelganaa da yvelgan Seicnoba. debulebis meore nawili sawinaaRmdegos gveubneba: rac ar unda naziarebi iyos sinamdvile Tavisi arsebebiT RvTaebas, is CamorCe-ba mas srulyofilebiT, amitomac maT Soris gansxvavebaa. RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, imde-nad aRmatebulia xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebze, rom mas araferi Seesabameba, rac sinamdvileSi arsebobs (`..ara ra¡ ars arsTagani...~). amis gamo fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, RmerTis daxasiaTeba CvenTvis cnobili arsebebiT SeuZle-belia, vinaidan isini ver gamoxataven mis bunebas. amrigad, areopagitikaSi bevr adgilas erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemu-li winaaRmdegobrivi Tvalsazrisebis gamarTleba RmerTis transcendentizmis aRiarebiT ver aixsneba da igi mxolod RmerTis amgvarad gagebuli srulyofilebis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi yvela arsebulTa mize-zia, magram TviTon igi maTze metia da arc erT maTganze ar daiyvaneba, `..viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo T¢T arca erTi maTgani, vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTa-arsebisa amaRlebul ars~1. rogor gavigoT es mosazreba? xom araa igi winaaRmdegobrivi? Sua saukuneebis religi-uri filosofiisTvis aRniSnuli debuleba misaRebia. ker-


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Zod, Sua saukuneebis religiur-Teologiuri Tvalsazrisis mixedviT,1 RmerTi samyaros, sinamdviles qmnis arafrisgan. amdenad, es debuleba ukve amgvarad gagebuli aRaraa wi-naaRmdegobis Semcveli: RmerTi ar daiyvaneba arafrisgan Seqmnil sinamdvilis arsebebze. magram, ar iqneba swori Tu aRniSnuls pirdapir gavavrcelebT areopagitikazec, vinaidan areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, sinamdvile aris RmerTisgan gamomdinareoba. ramdenadac areopagiti-kaSi aRiarebulia arsebaTa gamomdinareoba RmerTidan da es gamomdinareoba emanaciuri xasiaTisaa, amitomac areopa-gitikaSi, kerZod, mis filosofiur nawilSi RmerTis tran-scendentizmi ara gvaqvs, vinaidan RmerTidan (pirvelmize-zidan) arsebebis emanaciuri gamomdinareoba ver iguebs mas. zemoT ganxiluli areopagituli debulebis – RmerTi yvelganaa da arcaa yvelgan, yvelgan Seicnoba da arsadac ar Seicnoba – gamarTleba SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxveva-Si, Tuki RmerTs gavigebT im azriT, romlis Tanaxmadac igi, rogorc srulyofileba da arsebaTa dasabami mizezia, xolo rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, romelic aRemate-ba arsebebs Tavisi srulyofilebiT, ar daiyvaneba maTze.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi apofatikuri meTodis arsis gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs RmerTSi arsebaTa ukuda-brunebis sakiTxis garkvevas.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTidan gamosuli arse-bebis iseve masSive dabrunebis sakiTxi imiTaa mniSvnelovani, rom pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze – RmerTis ranairi gageba edeba safuZvlad apofatikur meTods. rogorc aqamde naCveneb iqna, apofatikuri meTodi RmerTis transcendenturobas ki ar emyareba, aramed mis srulyofilebas. Tuki areopagi-tikis filosofiur nawilSi apofatikur meTods RmerTis transcendentizmi ar uZevs safuZvlad, es unda gamoCndes RmerTSi arsebebis ukudabrunebis magaliTze. Tuki RmerTi

1 amis Sesaxeb dawvr. ix. А.Гарнак.Историядогматов.Общаяисторияевропейскойкультуры.СПБ,1911,т.VI,отд.2.

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sinamdvilis arsebebisadmi transcendenturia, maSin arse-bebis dabruneba masSi SeuZlebeli iqneba, vinaidan arsebe-bi da RmerTi am SeTxvevaSi mowyvetilia erTmaneTs. ufro zustad, arsebebi RmerTidan ki ar gamomdinareobs, aramed RmerTis mier aris arafrisgan Seqmnili. am mimarTebiT yu-radRebas imsaxurebs neoplatonizmi, sadac pirvelmizezSi arsebebis ukudabrunebas didi adgili aqvs daTmobili. radganac RmerTi yvelaze srulyofilia da arsebebisTvis imaze ukeTesi da sasurveli ra unda iyos, Tu ara Rmer-Tisken miswrafeba, raTa eziaron umaRles srulyofilebas. P

ise, rogorc proklesTan, aseve areopagitikaSic naT-lad Cans, rom RmerTi aris sinamdvilis safuZveli. Aami-tomac misken, rogorc safuZvlisken, mizezisken, sru-lyofilebisken, arsebebi miiswrafvian. magram ramdenadac miswrafeba xdeba pirvelmizezisken, amitom igi mizanicaa. arsebisaTvis pirvelmizezSi dabruneba specifikuria. `...romlisa (pirvelmizezis, RmerTis, – m. m.) mimarT yovel-ni miiqcevian, viTarca T¢sisa TiToeulisa maTisa aRsas-rulisa da romlisa suris yovelTa: sacnaurTa ukue da sity¢erTa – mecnierebiT, xolo grZnobadTa-grZnobadobiT da unawiloTa grZnobisagan maT Soris danerguliTa miT aRZrviTa cxovlobisa survilisa¡Ta, xolo ucxovloTa da mxolod arsTa oden-mxolod arsebiTiTa oden simarj¢sa mimReblobiTa~1. rogorc vxedavT, roca areopagitul moZ-RvrebaSi, RmerTTan dabrunebazea msjeloba, igulisxmeba, rom mTeli sinamdvile RvTaebasaTan aris naziarebi. azro-brivi arsebebi pirvelmizezTan Semecnebis meSveobiT erTi-andeba; grZnobadi sagnebi SegrZnebebis meSveobiT; arsebebi, romelTac wili ara aqvT grZnobadobaSi, eziareba maTSi arsebuli sicocxlis surviliT. Bbolos ki (rac ZiriTa-dia am SemTxvevaSi) aRniSnulia, rom arsebebi, romlebSic sicocxlis niSan-wyalic araa, RmerTTan erTiandeba TviT maTi arsebobis faqtiT. ese igi maTi arsebobis faqti ukve


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niSnavs, rom isini RvTaebrivni arian. aq mniSvnelovani isaa, rom fsevdo-dionises gansjis obieqtia ara mxolod suli-eri arsebebi, aramed sinamdvilis yoveli arseba usulo arsebebiT damTavrebuli. amrigad, areopagituli moZRvre-ba iZleva sinamdvilis erTian suraTs, sadac yovel arse-bas Tavisi adgili aqvs miCenili, Tavisi srulyofilebis xarisxis mixedviT.

areopagitikaSi RmerTi arsebebis mizezi da safuZve-lia, misi meSveobiT aqvs yovel arsebas sicocxle, ar-seboba da amasTan, RmerTi arsebebis ara marto mizezia, aramed maTi mizani da dasasruli. RmerTi TviTon Semoi-krebs misken, rogorc sikeTisken, arsebebs `da misT¢s da mis mimarT (igulisxmeba RmerTi, – m. m.) trfial arian udaresni (naklebsrulyofilni, – m. m.) umaRlesTa mimarT miqceviT da ziarebiT, Tana-monivTeni Tana-modaseTa da Tana da umaRlesni udaresTa mimarT wina-ganmgeblobiT da T¢T TavTa T¢sTa mimarT TiToeuli SemokrebiT~1. aq naT-aq naT-lad Cans, rom sinamdvile erTi mTelia, romlis saTaveSia RmerTi, romelic sagnebs, arsebebs Tavisken izidavs. Aamg-varad, mTeli sinamdvile RmerTiTaa gaerTianebuli; arse-bebs yvela unari RvTaebisgan aqvT (`rameTu misgan da mis mier ars YyovelTa Yyoveli arseba¡ da cxoreba¡ da gonebisa da sulisa da yovlisa bunebisa simcireni...~). amitomac aris arsebaTa miswrafeba misken. Tavis mxriv, RvTaeba srulyofs arsebebs, sagnebs da ukudaabrunebs maT Tavisi Tavisken (`yovelsave hyofs, yovelsave srulhyofs, yovelsave ipy-robs, yovelsave moaqcevs~). amrigad, RmerTi yovel arsebas arsebobas aniWebs (`yovelsave hyofs~), yovel arsebas mis-gan aqvs srulyofileba (`yovelsave srulyofs~) da yovel arsebas Tavisken ukudaabrunebs (`yovelsave moaqcevs~). Ees Tvalsazrisi im mxrivaa mniSvnelovani, rom aq cxadadaa naCvenebi arsebebisa da pirvelmizezis erTianoba. rodesac aRiarebulia, rom RmerTi yvelafris mizezia, misgan xdeba


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arsebebis gamomdinareoba da amasTan, misgan gamosul ar-sebebs RvTaeba ukan abrunebs, adgili aRar rCeba RmerTis, rogorc pirvelmizezis transcendenturi gagebisTvis.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sxva adgilas ufro mkacradaa gatarebuli RmerTisa da arsebebis erTianobis principi. RmerTi arsebebs ara marto arsebobas aZlevs da srulyofs, aramed maT saSualebasac ki ar aZlevs, rom mas CamoSordes. aq saWiroa gavixsenoT RmerTis mier arsebebisadmi sikeTis, RvTaebrivi Zalis miniWeba. RmerTi arsebebs Tavis RvTae-briv Zalas aZlevs. RvTaebrivi Zala miefineba yvela ar-sebas da ar arsebobs arseba, romelic ar iyos naziarebi RvTaebas. swored RvTaebrivi Zalis meSveobiT aris arse-bebi RmerTTan mtkiced Sekruli `...kualad yovelTa missa mimarTve, viTarca ufskrulisa ra¡sme, mimaqcevelobisa da Semcvelobisa maTisa... yovelTa Semomkrebelobisa, Semamt-kicebulobiTa da ara mimSuebelobiTa ganvrdomad misgan, viTarc yovliT-kerZo¡sa sina£isagan warwymedad vina¡Tve.~1 maSasadame, RmerTisgan arsebebis CamoSoreba maTi daRupva, gauqmeba (`warwymeda~) iqneboda, amitomac RmerTi arsebebs maT nebaze ar uSvebs da isini mtkiced hyavs SemoerTe-buli. amrigad, arsebebi, rogoric ar unda iyvnen isini da sadac ar unda imyofebodnen, RmerTTan erTianobaSia da es erTianoba TviT RmerTis meSveobiTaa SenarCunebuli. RmerTi inarCunebs am erTianobas, vinaidan Tuki arsebebi mas CamoSordeba, maSin isini daiSlebian da adgili eqneba arsebaTa aRrevas: `yovelTa ganyofilTa da Seasrulebs da Seamtkicebs da ara miuSeubs ganWrad da daTxeviT ganbevad (daRvra, – m. m.) uzomoebisa... [vinaidan]. gan£uebul-yofad RmerTisagan da gansrul-yofad TavTa T¢sTa erTobisagan urTierTas SerevniTa yovlad aRreviTiTa~2.

aq sainteresoa am Tvalsazrisis prokles (412-485) filosofiasTan siaxlove. pirvelad proklem daayena

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 85.2 iqve, gv. 87.

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sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom pirvelmizezidan arsebebi kidec unda gamomdinareobdes da mas kidec unda ubrundebodes. proklem specialurad gamoikvlia yvela es winaaRmdegoba, romelTac adgili eqnebaT im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki vaRiarebT pirvelmizezidan an mxolod arsebebis gamomdinareobas an mxolod arsebaTa dabrunebas. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle- arsebaTa dabrunebas. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle-arsebaTa dabrunebas. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle- dabrunebas. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle-dabrunebas. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle-. prokles mixedviT, SeuZle-prokles mixedviT, SeuZle- mixedviT, SeuZle-mixedviT, SeuZle-, SeuZle-SeuZle-belia, rom pirvelmizezidan arsebebis mxolod gamomdin- rom pirvelmizezidan arsebebis mxolod gamomdin-rom pirvelmizezidan arsebebis mxolod gamomdin- pirvelmizezidan arsebebis mxolod gamomdin-pirvelmizezidan arsebebis mxolod gamomdin- arsebebis mxolod gamomdin-arsebebis mxolod gamomdin- mxolod gamomdin-mxolod gamomdin- gamomdin-gamomdin-areobas (gamosvlas) hqondes adgili. Aam SemTxvevaSi (ese igi, ukudabruneba Tu ar iqneba) ar gveqneba erTiani principi, gveqneba mxolod gamosvla da arsebebi mowyvetili iqneba Tavis mizezs, ar iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare- mizezs, ar iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-mizezs, ar iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-, ar iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-ar iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare- iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-iqneba maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare- maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-maT Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare- Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-Soris kavSiri. msgavsi viTare- kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-ba iqneba, Tuki mizezSi mxolod dabrunebas eqneba adgili1. rogorc vxedavT, proklesTan mizezsa da Sedegs Soris (es principi ki gulisxmobs pirvelmizezisa da sinamdvilis damokidebulebas) aucilebeli kavSiri arsebobs. areop-) aucilebeli kavSiri arsebobs. areop-aucilebeli kavSiri arsebobs. areop- kavSiri arsebobs. areop-kavSiri arsebobs. areop- arsebobs. areop-arsebobs. areop-. areop-areop-agitul filosofiaSi prokles es Tvalsazrisi garkveul rols unda asrulebdes, rasac adasturebs areopagituli moZRvrebis is nawili, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano- is nawili, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano-is nawili, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano- nawili, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano-nawili, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano-, sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano-sadac RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano- RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano-RmerTi da arsebebi erTiano- da arsebebi erTiano-da arsebebi erTiano- arsebebi erTiano-arsebebi erTiano- erTiano-erTiano-baSia mocemuli. es azri unda ganamtkicos pirvelmizezSi arsebebis ukudabrunebis biZgis mimcemis ganxilvam.

marTalia, arsebebi miiswrafvian RmerTisken, magram ra aris Zala, romelic mimarTavs arsebebs umaRlesi ar-sebisken, anu RmerTisken? Ees Zala, fsevdo-dionises az-riT, aris `trfialeba¡~ (erosi). es Zala (trfialebis Zala) RvTaeb rivia da cal-calke arsebul arsebebs aerTianebs da mimarTavs RmerTisken, `da ars trfialebaჲ saRmrToჲ Zal erT-myofel da Semkrvel da Semzavebel ganyofilTa erT-yofad keTilsa zeda da saxierebasa winaჲTve qonebulisa misT¢s... romliTa ipyrobs erT-modaseTa ziarebiTsa Sina urTierT arsobasa da aRsZravs pirvelTa ganmgebel-yofad SemdgomTa da ganamtkicebs udaresTa miqcevad umaRlesTa mimarT~2. Tuki erosi RvTaebrivi Zalaa, is, ra Tqma unda,

1 Прокл.Первоосновытеологии.Тб.,1972,gv.45.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 40-41.

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sikeTis Semcvelicaa. swored sikeTis meSveobiT trfialeba arsebebs aerTianebs da RmerTisken miswrafebas uRviZebs. trfialebis Zala SeiZleba mravalnairad gamovlindes, ma-gram yovelgvar gamovlenaSi is ar kargavs Tavis ZiriTad funqcias, kerZod, igi aris arsebaTa gamaerTianebeli da Semkvreli: `trfialeba¡ gina Tu saRmrToჲ anu angeloze-bri, gina sacnaurebri, gina mS¢nvierebri anu bunebiTi da nergobiTi raJams vTquaT, erTobiTsa rasme da SezavebiTsa Zalsa gulis£ma-vhyofT~1.

trfialeba rom arsebebsa da RmerTs Soris erTgvari gamaerTianeblis rols asrulebs, cxadad Cans areopagitu-li moZRvrebis Semdegi adgilidanac: `rameTu T¢T igi keTi-lis moqmedi arsTa trfialeba¡ saxierebisa Soris zeSTaaR-matebiT wina¡Tve iyo, romeli-igi ara uteva man uSobelad Tavsa Soris T¢ssa yofad, aramed aRZra igi moqmedebis yo-fad yovelTave moqmedebisa aRmatebulebiTa~2. Tu es ad-gili unda SevadaroT trfialebis Zalis im unars, romlis mixedviTac arsebebi erTiandeba da RmerTs ubrundeba. aq sayuradRebo daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba. rogorc irkveva, RmerTSi winaswarve arsebula trfialeba, romelmac Rmer-Ti aRZra moqmedebisadmi. ufro swored trfialebis Zalam ar daaneba, rom RmerTi warmoSobis gareSe yofiliyo (`ara uteva man uSobelad Soris T¢ssa yofad~). Ggamodis, rom fsevdo-dionises azriT, trfialebis Zala erTdroulad sagnebis warmoSobasac udebs safuZvels da maT RmerTSi ukudabrunebasac. Aamrigad, trfialeba swored is Zala yo-fila, romlis meSveobiTac arsebebsa da pirvelmizezs So-ris erTianobaa.

RmerTidan arsebebis gamomdinareoba da masSi arsebebis ukudabruneba trfialebis Zalis ganxilvam aCvena. amasTan, es dabruneba garkveuli kanonzomierebiT mimdinareobs. ker-Zod, jer xdeba arsebaTa dabruneba uSualo mizezSi, Semdeg

1 iqve, gv. 42.2 iqve, gv. 38.

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am mizezis meSveobiT ufro winamaval mizezSi da a. S. vidre RmerTamde. aq unda aRiniSnos, rom fsevdo-dionise uSua-lod mihyveba prokles filosofias. es sakiTxi proklesTan dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli. prokles azriT, yoveli arseba miiswrafvis sikeTisken da aRwevs mas Tavisi uaxlesi mizez-is meSveobiT. amitomac yoveli sagani miiswrafvis sakuTari mizezisken1. yoveli arseba ubrundeba imas, risganac mom-dinareobs. Aaxla SevadaroT mas areopagituli Tvalsazrisi da cxadi gaxdeba maTi siaxlove: …„igiveoba¡ da saSuvalTa da kideTa pyroba¡ da T¢T maT sxuaTa mpyrobelTa¡ca mis mierve pyroba¡ da kualad missa mimarTve miqceva¡ yovel-Tave misgan gamomavalTa¡.~2

gairkva, rom sagnebi, arsebebi ubrundebian Tavis mi-zezs da a. S. pirvel mizezamde. sainteresoa, rogor er-TianobaSia pirvelmizezi da arsebebi, roca arsebebi mas ubrundeba. aqac fsevdo-dionises saintereso azri aqvs gamoTqmuli. marTalia, arsebebi (sagnebi) RmerTis msgavsia, magram es msgavseba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gavigoT, rogorc igiveoba: `xolo msgavsebasa RmrTisaT¢s, ukueTu vinme viTarca igiveobad ityodis, viTarca yovelTa yov-lisa mier Tavisa T¢sisa mxoloobiT da ganuyoflad ms-gavs arssa, amiT saxiTa ara upatio iyos Cuenda msgavsisa RmrTis-saxeloba¡~3. fsevdo-dionises SeuZleblad miaCnia, rom arsebebi iyvnen RmerTis igivebrivi da ar gaaCndeT damoukidebloba. marTalia, sagnebi emsgavseba RmerTs, ma-gram igiveobrivi mainc ar aris. Aaq pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) kreacionistuli TvalsazrisiT rom iyos ganxiluli, ma-Sin arsebebi (sagnebi) warmoSobili iqneba arafrisgan da isini pirvelmizezSi dabrunebisas dakargaven TavianT sub-stanciurobas. areopagituli moZRvrebis am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, RmerTs faqtobrivad wesrigi Seaqvs arsebebSi

1 Прокл.Первоосновытеологии. gv. 44.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.3 iqve, gv. 82.

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RvTaebrivi Zalis ganfeniT. arsebebSi RvTaebrivi Zalis arseboba arsebebisa da RmerTis erTianobas niSnavs, rac areopagitikis filosofiur nawilSi ufro RmerTis imanen-turi bunebis maCvenebelia.

bolos ki SevexebiT RvTaebrivi Zalis gavrcelebis maradiul bunebas, rac RmerTisa da sinamdvilis mimarTebis maradiulobis maCvenebelia. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Rmer-Tidan umdablesi arsebebisken xdeba RvTaebrivi Zalis gas-vla. Ees gasvla da Semdgom ukudabruneba wriuli xasiaTisaa da amasTan, rac mTavaria, maradiulia, `viTarmed erTi ra¡me ars martivi Zali T¢TmoZra¢obiTi, erTobiTad radme Seza-vebad saxierebisagan vidre T¢T amaT ukuana¡sknelTamde1 da kualad mierve SemdgomTa yovelTa saxierebisa mimarT misgan da mis mier mis Soris Tavisave mimarT T¢sisa mom-rgulebeuli maradis Tavsa Sina T¢ssa momaqcevi~2. amrigad, TviTmoZraobiTi Zala, fsevdo-dionises azriT, gamaer-Tianebeli Zalaa RmerTidan arsebebisaken da, piriqiT. `er-TobiTad radme Sezavebad saxierebisagan vidre T¢T amaT ukuana¡sknelTamde..~3 da, rac mTavaria, avtors es procesi maradiulad miaCnia. Aamaze miTiTebulia areopagitikis sxva adgilze: `viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, saxierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina da saxierebisa mimarT uc-TomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve zeda maradis gamomaval arsca da hgiesca da dgas~4. ro-gorc vxedavT, fsevdo-dionises RmerTSi arsebaTa yofna, gamosvla da masSi ukudabruneba maradiul procesad mi-ania. aq aSkarad Cans prokles filosofiis gavlenis kvali5. amrigad, areopagitikaSi RmerTis mier arsebebSi wesrigis

1 `ukuana¡skneli~-Si – igulisxmeba xilul sinamdvileSi arsebu-li yvelaze nakleb srulyofili arseba.

2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 43. 3 iqve.4 iqve, gv. 42.5 Sdr.Прокл.Первоосновытеологии.gv. 45-46.

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Setana – gaRvTaebriveba – (rac neoplatonuri filosofiis enaze warmoSobas udris) da am gziT sagnebis RmerTTan er-Tianoba sulac ar niSnavs maTi substanciurobis dakargvas.

fsevdo-dionisesTvis rogorc katafatikuri, ise apo-fatikuri meTodi codnis agebis meTodebia. rogorc ka-tafatikis, ise apofatikis gansjis sagania RmerTi, romlis orgvarad daxasiaTebaa SesaZlebeli. RmerTis orgvari da-xasiaTeba iZleva imis sababs, rom am meTodebis sxvadasxva amosavali safuZvlebi iqnes daZebnili. Umetic, xSirad am meTodebze dayrdnobiT areopagituli filosofia gaore-buladaa warmodgenili. Cvenma kvlevam gvaCvena, rom areo-pagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemul xsenebul meTodebs erTi da igive ontologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia.

rogorc katafatika, ise apofatika filosofiuri cod-nis meTodebia da RmerTis mistikuri xedva am meTodebiT miRebul codnaze maRla dgas. Ees rom asea, TvalnaTliv dasturdeba fsevdo-dionises im cnobili Tvalsazrisidan, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba RmerTis rogorc dadebiTi daxasiaTeba, ise uaryofiTi da RmerTi imaze metia, vid-re mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba1. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagitikaSi garkveulad miniSnebu-lia apofatikis upiratesobaze `jer ars ukue yovelTave amaT arsTa saxovnebisa¡ msgavsebad missa dadeba¡ da waT-quma¡ misT¢s, viTarca yovelTa mizezisaT¢s da kualad maT yovelTaჲve usakuTresad ukuTquma¡~2.

raimes daxasiaTeba, iqneba es uaryofiTi Tu dadebiTi, xdeba filosofiuri codnis sferoSi; amitomac es meTo-

1 amis Taobaze samarTlianad SeniSnavda a. briliantovi. areo-pagitikaSi RmerTs rogori predikatebic ar unda miva-weroT, ufro meti uflebiT SeiZleba isini CamovaciloT. es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom RmerTi maRla dgas yovelgvar gansazRvrebaze, iqneba es dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi. ix. А. Бри-ллиантов.ВлияниевосточногобогословияназападноевпроизведенияхИоаннаСкотаЭригены.С.-Петербург, 1898, gv. 165.


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debi, romelic areopagitikaSia moxmarebuli, filosofi-is – racionaluri codnis meTodebia. rac Seexeba RmerTis im saxiT warmodgenas, romelic yovelgvar daxasiaTebaze (rogorc dadebiTze, ise uaryofiTze) maRla dgas, swored imas niSnavs, rom RmerTi, rogorc filosofiuri cod-nis obieqti da RmerTi, rogorc mistikuri Wvretis obie-qti, sxvadasxvaa. mistikuri xedvis poziciidan ganxiluli RmerTi fsevdo-dionises imgvarad warmoudgenia, romelze-dac raimes mimatebiT an gamoklebiT faqtobrivad araferi emateba da arc akldeba: `..arc ars yovlad misi mateba¡, gina mokleba¡; aramed Semdgomad missaRa vhyofT matebasa da moklebasa, da mas Tavadsa arca ras vhmatebT arca ras movaklebT, vina¡Tgan zeSTa yovelTa matebaTa ars yovli kerZoჲ... zeSTa yovelTa moklebaTa..~1.

yvela zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze fsevdo-dionise epistoleSi mRvdelmTavar `tites mimarT~ erTmaneTisgan mijnavs RvTismetyvelebis or sferos – filosofiasa da Teologias. filosofiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia srulyofa, garkveuloba, sicxade, mecnieruloba... xolo TeologiisT-vis – gamouTqmeloba, mesaidumloeba, rwmena... `viTarmed orsaxe ars RmrTis-metyuelTa sity¢s momcemeloba¡: ro-melime gamouTumeli da saidumlo¡, xolo romelime saxis-SemoRebiTi da srulyofiTi; da romelime usaCinoesi da umecnieresi, xolo romelime sibrZnis moyuarebiTi da gamo-CinebiTi; da Tana-SeTxzul arian TqumulTa Tana uTqumel-ni da romelime Tana-Sekrul ars rwmunebasa da TqumulTa WeSmaritebasa, xolo romelime iqms da daamyarebs RmrTi-sad uswavleliTa mesaidumloeobiTa“2.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi miRmuri da ucxoa CvenTvis. Mmisi miRweva da codna Cveni adamianuri unariT SeuZlebelia. Tuki vinmem RmerTi ixila da fiqrobs, Rmer-Tis Sesaxeb codna aqvs, igi cdeba vinaidan RmerTis xilva

1 iqve, gv. 229.2 areopagitika. epistole `tites mimarT~. gv. 251-252.

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saerTod SeuZlebelia: `da vinca ixila RmerTi, gulis£ma-yo, romeli igi ixila, viTarmed da ara T¢T igi Tavadi ixi-la, aramed sxua¡ ra¡me arsTagani da uwyebulTa¡... [vinaidan] gonebaTa da arsebaTa zeSTadamyarebul ars...~1. amrigad, aqac xazgasmulia, rom RmerTis wvdoma codnis safuZvle-ze SeuZlebelia.

RmerTis saboloo wvdoma SesaZlebelia ara codnis safexurze, aramed mistikur WvretaSi. es Tvalsazrisi da-maxasiaTebeli iyo Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobisTvis. mas fsevdo-dionisec aRiarebs. RmerTis wvdomisTvis saWiroa yvela im adamianuri Tvise-bebis CamoSoreba, romelic xels gviSlis amgvari wvdomisT-vis: `...yovelni Tavni T¢sni yovelTave T¢sTagan ganvaSor-neT da yovliTurT RmrTisad viqmnneT, rameTu umjobes ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa T¢sTad yofa¡~2. RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis fsevdo-dionise areopageli did mniSv-nelobas aniWebs locvis rols. locva aris garkveuli mo-samzadebeli safexuri mistikuri WvretisTvis.

mistikuri Wvretis daSveba areopagitikaSi imis maCve-nebelia, rom am moZRvrebisTvis RmerTis transcenden-tizmi ucxo ar aris. magram es maSin, rodesac dadgindeba, rom filosofiuri codna ver iZleva RmerTis srulyofil suraTs. amis Semdeg fsevdo-dionise RmerTs (pirvelmizezs) ganixilavs, rogorc mistikuri Wvretis sagans.

1 iqve, epistole `gaio¡s mimarT~. gv. 233.2 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 69.

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$ 3. sikeTis idea areopagitikaSi

1. sikeTe, rogorc pirvelmizezi fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom misi mizania sikeTis cne-

bis dadgena, romelsac didi RvTismetyvelebi axasiaTeben, rogorc umaRles srulyofilebas, `moved ukue aw da T¢T mis saxierebis saxelisa sity¢sa miviwineT, romelsa-igi upi-ratesad didni RmrTis-metyuelni zeSTaRmerTTasa RmrTee-basa ganukuTneben da yovelTgan zeSTaaRamaRleben~1. mTa-varia aq isaa, rom fsevdo-dionise iziarebs azrs, romelic sikeTes ganixilavs, rogorc umaRles srulyofilebas. ama-sTan, sikeTe ganekuTvneba RmerTis sameufos, ese igi, sike-Te da RmerTi erTadaa2.

areopagituli wignebis avtoris azriT, vinaidan sike-Te erTia, igi yvelafris mizezia, `..saxiereba¡ da sikeTe erTobiTi ars yovelTa da mravalTa keTilTa mizezisa¡ misi~3. am mosazrebis naTelsayofad erTmaneTs SevadaroT areopagituli Tvalsazrisi sikeTesa da pirvel erTze. si-keTis Sesaxeb areopagitikaSi aRniSnulia, rom masSi moce-muli RvTaebrivi erosi misgan maradiulad gamomdinareobs da ukanve ubrundeba. es procesi wriuli xasiaTisaa: `da viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, saxiere-bisagan, saxierebisa Sina da saxierebisa mimarT ucTomel-Ta moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve zeda maradis gamomaval arsca da hgiesca da dgas~4. RvTaebri-vi erosis aRniSnuli gamosvla da ukudabruneba sikeTeSi

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29.2 e. celeri, rodesac ixilavs plotines filosofias, aRniSnavs,

rom plotinesTan RvTaebas sikeTe axasiaTebs ara rogorc predikati, aramed RvTaeba TviTaa sikeTe. ix. celeris dasax. naSr., gv. 492.

3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 36. rogorc vxedavT, areopagituli moZRvreba am sakiTxSi Zalze axlosaa plotines filosofiasTan.

4 iqve, gv. 42.

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faqtobrivad aris TviT sikeTis (rogorc pirvelmizezis) gasvla sakuTari Tavidan da Tavis TavSi ukudabruneba. ramdenadac erosi RvTaebrivia, TviT RmerTic, pirveli erTic aseve xasiaTdeba, kerZod: pirvelsawyisi erTi aris yvelafris dasabami, igi yvela arsebas uswrebs win da Ta-visTavSi imyofeba. igi arc moZraobs, arc dgas – `yovelTa mimarT wina-gamomaval ars da hgies Tavsave Sina T¢ssa, dgo-masac Sina da moZravobasaca~1. rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi pirveli erTi da sikeTe erTsa da imave arsebas gamoxatavs, kerZod, RmerTs.

areopagitikaSi pirveli erTi da sikeTe rom substan-ciis aRmniSvnelia, iqidanac Cans, rom orive gamodis ro-gorc arsebaTa saboloo mizani. areopagitikaSi dgeba sa-kiTxi, Tu ratomaa sikeTe, erTi mxriv, erosi da, meore mxriv, sasurveli. fsevdo-dionises azriT,Ees imis gamo, rom sikeTe, erTi mxriv, aris siyvarulis mizezi, xolo, meore mxriv, TviTonaa siyvaruli da erosi. `amisaT¢s, rameTu pir-velisa mis mizez ars da wina-momatyuebel da mSobel, xolo meore T¢T igi ars~2 erosi. amgvaradve aqvs daxasiaTebu-li fsevdo-dionises pirveli erTic. Ppirveli erTi, erTi mxriv, aris mizezi, xolo, meore mxriv, saganTa sazRvari. igi rogorc dasabami mizezia, xolo rogorc mizani arse-baTa sazRvaria: `dasabam ukue, viTarca mizezi, xolo da-sasrul, rameTu mis ZliT arian yovelni~3.

sikeTisa da pirveli erTis erTianoba areopagitikaSi, rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, udavoa. Aaq SeiZleba Sejam-des miRebuli Sedegebi. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, sikeTis ideiT gamoixateba pirvelmizezi (RmerTi). igi aris umaRle-si srulyofileba, yvelafris sawyisi. Ppirveli erTi da Rv-Taeba sabolood erTi da igivea. areopagituli moZRvreba aRniSnul sakiTxebSi agrZelebs neoplatonur Tvalsazriss.


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mniSvnelovania agreTve isic, rom areopagitikaSi si-keTisa (pirvelmizezis) da sinamdvilis arsebaTa mimarTeba triaduli principiTaa gaazrebuli. kerZod, roca sikeTeSi arsebul RvTaebriv sikeTes ixilavs, fsevdo-dionise aRniS-navs, rom RvTaebrivi sikeTidan gasvla, sikeTeSi yofna da sikeTeSi dabruneba maradiuli procesia. msgavs viTareba-sTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac fsevdo-dionise ixilavs pirve-li erTis bunebas, raSic cxadad Cans prokles filosofiis, kerZod, misi cnobili triaduli principis gavlenis kvali. prokles triaduli principi gamoxatulia debulebiT: `is, rac gamoxatulia mizeziT, rCeba mizezSic, gamomdinareobs misgan da masve ubrundeba kidec~1. prokles filosofiis gavlena areopagitikaze Cans, agreTve, sikeTisa da pirve-li erTis igiveobis sakiTxSic. prokle, roca ixilavs pir-vel erTsa da sikeTes, im daskvnamde midis, rom isini igi-veobrivni arian2.

aq bunebrivia kiTxva: ratom aRiniSneba erTi da igive arseba ori saxeliT? kerZod, erTi substancia gamoxatu-lia sikeTisa da pirveli erTis cnebebiT. mocemul kiTx-vebze arsebobs aseTi pasuxi: `sikeTe aris igive pirveli erTi, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom igi Tvisebrivad ufro srulia~3.

2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaareopagitul moZRvrebaSi sikeTe, rogorc aRvniSneT,

yvelafris safuZvelia. igi rogorc mizezi, ar icvleba, `...zecisaTa maTca dasabamTa da SesrulebaTa mizez igive bunebiTi saxiereba¡ ars aRuorZinebelisa da moukleblisa da yovlad dau£snelisa arsebisa maTisa...~4. sikeTe Tavis

1 Прокл. dasax. naSr., gv. 35-46.2 iqve, gv. 34.3 А.Лосев.Примечаниякпереводутрактата.Прокл.Первоосновытеологии.

Тб.,1972,gv.146.4 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 32.

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RvTaebriv Zalebs ganafens da ar arsebobs arseba, romli-sadmic sikeTe ar iyos ganfenili: `da arca erTi ars xi-lulTagani, sada-igi miiwevs zeSTagarda sididiTa T¢sTa brwyinvalebaTaiTa~. magram yvela arseba TanabarZalovnad ver iRebs sikeTes. ra aris amis mizezi? Ffsevdo-dionises azriT, amis mizezi RmerTSi ki ar aris, aramed arsebebSi, vi-naidan RmerTi yvelas aniWebs Tavis Zalas, da Tu romelime arseba mas ver iRebs, es misi, ufro swored, misi uunarobis bralia: `xolo romeli ra¡ ver miiRebs naTelsa missa, ese ara uZlurebisa¡ ars, arca simcirisa¡ naTelT-mimcemlobi-sa misisa¡, aramed umarjobisagan naTelT-mimRebelTa¡sa...~1.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, Tuki sikeTis (RmerTis) Zala yvelgan erTnairad ar aisaxeba – amis erT-erTi mizezia usaxo materia, romelmac ver aiTvisa sikeTis RvTaebrivi Zala: `xolo ukueTu visme akldes aw TqmulTa amaT simar-jueTagani ra¡me, naklulevaneba¡ igi mizez eqmnebis mas ver miRebisa da usaxurobisa da sxua¡, raodeni-ra¡ ars umar-juobaTagani miuReblobisa¡Ta~2. rogorc vxedavT, fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, xiluli – sinamdvilis arsebebSi sikeTis Zalis arseboba Tu nakleboba TviT arsebaTa uunarobis (e.i. sikeTis miRebis unaris arqonis) bralia.

Semdeg fsevdo-dionise svams kiTxvas – Tuki yvelafris mizezi sikeTea, yvelgan da yvelaferSi gamefebulia sikeTis Zala, maSin ratom arsebobs boroteba? ra aris misi mizezi da dambadebeli? `ra¡ ars siborote? da romlisa dasabami-sagan dabadebul ars~? TviT sikeTe xom ar aris misi mize-zi? – `da viTar saxierebaman ineba dabadeba¡ misi?“3.

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas fsevdo-dionise Semdegi Sinaarsis debulebiT iwyebs: boroteba araviTar SemTxveva-Si ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos sikeTisgan momdinared da arc si-keTisgan arsebobs igi. sikeTe da boroteba areopagitikaSi


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sxvadasxva sibrtyeSia da iseve SeuZlebelia maTi dakavSi-reba, rogorc yinulisa da cecxlisa. rogorc irkveva, si-keTe da boroteba sapirispiro procesebis gamomxatvelia. rogor unda gavigoT es? Afsevdo-dionise pasuxobs, rom sikeTisa da borotebis arseba sxvadasxvaa, kerZod, sike-TisTvis arsebiTi da aucilebelia warmoSoba, xolo boro-tebisTvis daSla, gauqmeba.

Semdeg fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom sikeTe aris iseTi ram, romelic yvelafers moicavs, xolo, rac Seexe-ba borotebas, igi ara marto arsis sferoSi araa, aramed ararsis sferoSic ki ar arsebobs, `vina¡ca saxierebaჲ ars friad upirates damtkicebul yovlad arsisaca da ara ar-sisa yovlisa, xolo boroti arca arsTa Soris ars, arc ara arsTa, aramed T¢T mis ara arsisaca friad ra¡me ucxo ars igi da ganvrdomil saxierebisagan da friad ufro¡s missa uarsebo~1. ramdenadac boroteba arsisa da ararsis sferos ar miekuTvneba, amdenad igi, fsevdo-dionises azriT, arsis aramqonea da saerTod, moklebulia arsebobas. aqedan ga-momdinare igi ambobs, rom ar arsebobs TavisTavad iseTi raime, romelic iyos boroteba (`da arcaRa T¢T boroti iyos ra¡me~).

fsevdo-dionises mier borotebis uarsebod gamocxade-ba ar aris originaluri azri, vinaidan, rogorc es Sesa-valSi vnaxeT, plotines filosofiaSi boroteba araa `ab-soluturi principi~ (hegeli). es ki imaze miuTiTebs, rom borotebis arasubstanciurobis sakiTxi dgeba jer kidev plotinesTan. magram plotinem borotebis aucilebloba dauSva sikeTis Rirebulebis gasarkvevad, maSin, roca areo-pagitikaSi, prokles filosofiaze damyarebiT, borotebas araviTari pozitiuri mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia.

borotebis bunebis arsis CvenebisTvis areopagitika-Si mocemulia borotebis cnebis analizi. saRvTo werilze dayrdnobiT, fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom boroti, Tu


87

igi namdvilad borotia, ar SeiZleba iyos arsebaTa mizezi da warmomSobeli. Umetic, igi Seitans arsebebSi siborotes, daSlis da gaauqmebs: `viTarmed boroti, romeli – igi T¢T borot ars, arca erTisa arsebisa anu mSoblobisa mizez iqmnes, mxolod ganaborotebs oden da Tavisa mier T¢sisa ganxrwnis arsTa guamovnebasa~1. maSasadame, rogorc aRniS-nulidan Cans, boroteba arsebebSi mxolod siborotes Sem-tania da misi bunebisTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli saganTa, arsebaTa warmoSoba, ese igi, boroteba araa pirvelmizezi.

rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitikaSi sikeTe da boroteba erTmaneTs gamoricxavs. rac arsebobs, arsebobs mxolod sikeTis meSveobiT. mTel samyaroSi ganfenilia sikeTidan (pirvelmizezidan) momdinare RvTaebrivi Zalebi. Aamis gamo samyaroSi borotebisTvis adgili aRar rCeba. Mmagram, meore mxriv, faqtia, rom sikeTesTan erTad arsebobs borotebac. rogor avxsnaT borotebis arsebobis faqti? ai, erT-erTi umTavresi kiTxva, romelze pasuxis gacemac aucilebelia borotebis bunebis gasagebad. sakiTxis gasar kvevad fsevdo-dionise isev ubrundeba sikeTidan momdinare RvTaebrivi Zalebis gavrcelebis sakiTxs. rogorc aRiniSna, sikeTe vrceldeba mTel samyaroze da ar arsebobs arseba, romelic sikeTes ar eziaros. magram, rogorc viciT, ise rogorc neoplatonur filosofiaSi, aseve areopagitikaSi pirvel-mizezTan mimarTebiT arsebebi ganlagebulia gar kveuli ierarqiuli principiT. zogierTi arseba ufro axlosaa pirvelmizezTan, zogierTi – ufro Sors. swored amis gamo, zogierTi arseba ufro metad iRebs sikeTis Zalebs, xolo sxvebi SedarebiT naklebad. arsebulTa Soris sikeTis mi-Rebis mixedviT aris gansxvaveba (`arsni yovelni amiT arian ufro¡s da umcro¡s, raoden saxierebisa mimRebel arian~2). arsebebi, rac ufro Sorsaa pirvelmizezidan (sikeTisgan), ufro mcirdeba maTdami sikeTis Zalebis gavrcelebis simZ-


88

lavre. sikeTis es simcire fsevdo-dionises borotebis mizezad miaCnia. MamasTan, borotebas Tavisi substanciuri mizezi ar gaaCnia, igi sinamdvileSi sikeTisagan gadaxraa. amas garda, arsebebSi sikeTis bolomde ganuxorcieleblo-ba TviT am arsebebis nakleb srulyofilebiTaa gamowveu-li, vinaidan sikeTe yvelgan erTnairad vrceldeba: `vina¡ca xrwnilebisa mier qmnili Soba¡ ara borotisa Zalisa¡, ara-med udaresisa keTilisa moslvisaჲ ars... rameTu yovlad unawilo¡ keTilisagan arca iyos, arca ars, arca arsTa Soris ars~1.

amrigad, areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, arsebebSi wesrigisa da rRvevis mizezia sikeTis arasrulyofilad ganxorcieleba. es ki sabolood aris boroteba. maSasa-dame, borotebis saTave yofila sikeTis arasrulyofili ganxorcieleba, `rameTu ukueTu siborote ars usruloba¡ keTilisa¡, yovlad ganSoreba¡ keTilisa¡~2. es adgili ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqosda, fsevdo-dionises azriT, boro-teba arsebobs. amgvarad gageba Secdoma iqneboda, vinaidan boroteba ukve uaresobadaa gamocxadebuli3.

iqneb boroteba arsebobs sikeTesTan erTad, sikeTesTan gaerTianebiT? es, fsevdo-dionises azriT, SeuZlebelia, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi sikeTes SeTavsebuli eqneba Tavisi sapirispiro. es ki SeuZlebelia, vinaidan sikeTe martivia, erTia, mxolod sikeTes afens da veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver SeiTavsebs sawinaaRmdegos, `rameTu T¢T igive da erTi siborote saTnoeba¡ Tavisa T¢sisa mbrZolyofad yovlad SeuZlebel ars; amisaTvis ara ars boroti~4.

marTalia, arsebaTa safuZveli sikeTea da rac misgan momdinareobs, keTilia, magram xom SeiZleba arsebobdes

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 47-48.2 iqve, gv. 48.3 borotebis uarsoba aRiarebulia ioane petriwTanac. ix. ioane

petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. gv. 212.4 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 48.

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sikeTis garda sxva sawyisi, rogorc substancia? mocemul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemiT, fsevdo-dionise faqtobrivad sabolood arkvevs sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas. misi azriT, SeuZlebelia, rom borotebas sakuTari substancia gaaCndes, vinaidan sikeTe, rogorc sawyisi da pirvelmizezi, ueWvelia. mis gverdiT ki, meore sawyisis daSveba uazrobaa. sawyisi (pirvelmizezi) mxolod erTi SeiZleba iyos da ara ori, radganac Oori ki araa erTis mizezi, aramed, piriqiT, erTia oris mizezi. amasTan, Tu Usawyisi ori iqneba, maSin igi martivi ki aRar iqneba, aramed rTuli. es ki SeuZlebe-lia, sawyisi aucilebelia iyos martivi, erTi1. Tuki sawyisi ori iqneba, maSin igi Tavis Tavs daupirispirdeba da gaau-qmebs mas: `rameTu yoveli oroba¡ ara ars dasabam, aramed erToba¡ ars dasabam yovlisa orobisa. vina¡Tgan ujero ars erTisa da misganve moslva¡ orTa¡ yovliTurT urTier-Tas winaaRmdegomTa¡ da ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara martivi da erTobiTi, aramed ganyofili da or-saxeobiTi da winaaRmdgomi da dam¢sneli Tavisa T¢sisa¡~2. es vrce-li amonaweri areopagitikidan aCvenebs, rom areopagitika-Si boroteba arasubstanciuria, radganac sawyisi mxolod erTi SeiZleba iyos. es erTi ki aris sikeTe, pirvelmizezi, RmerTi, romelic yvelafris safuZvelia.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, borotebis warmomSobi ar SeiZleba iyos RmerTi da, saerTod, RvTaebis sameufoSi borotebas ara aqvs adgili. `vina¡ca ara RmrTisa mier ars boroti, arca RmrTisa Soris ars boroti da boroti ara saRmrTo ars... arca RmrTisa Soris, arca samaradiso, arca Jamier“3. is, rac Cven boroteba gvgonia, sinamdvileSi aris sikeTis Zalis Sesusteba. sinamdvileSi arsebul uwesrigo-

1 aq fsevdo-dionise areopageli mTlianad iziarebs prokles Tvalsazriss pirveli erTis Sesaxeb. ix. Прокл. Первоосновытеологии. gv.1,5,6,11.

2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.3 iqve.

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bas safuZvlad boroteba ki ar uZevs, aramed sikeTis kleba. fsevdo-dionises azriT, am klebas, Sesustebas Cven boro-tebad vTvliT: `xolo moklebiTa da ganvrdomiTa maTda SemsgavsebulTa keTilTჲTa borotad iTqumian da arianca borot, viTar-igi pirvel ara iyvnes~1.

areopagitikaSi sainteresodaa ganxiluli bunebrivi ka-nonzomierebis rRvevis sakiTxi. bunebaSi arsebuli uwesri-goba TviT bunebrivi kanonzomierebis moSlaa: `xolo gax-rwna bunebisa ars uZlureba¡ da mokleba¡ bunebiTTa wesTa da ZalTa moqmedebaTa¡~2. rogorc viciT, fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixedviT, yovelgvari uwesrigobis, darRve-vis, daSlis safuZvelia sikeTis kleba. amasTan, rogorc ukve zemoT vnaxeT, bunebaSi arsebuli uwesrigobis mizezi yofila bunebis kanonzomierebis sisuste da sikeTis kleba. es ki miuTiTebs, rom bunebis kanonzomiereba fsevdo-dio-nisesTvis aris sikeTis (rogorc pirvelmizezis) kanonzo-mierebis erT-erTi rgoli.

bolos, fsevdo-dionise svams sakiTxs imis Taobaze, rom iqneba swored bunebis wesrigis moSla aris boroteba. Aarc es azria misaRebi, vinaidan sikeTis kleba, bunebrivi wesri-gis darRveva sayovelTao principi ki araa, aramed, sikeTis erTiani principisgan, gamonaklisi gadaxveva: `rameTu yov-liTurTi mokleba¡ yovlad SeuZlebel ars, xolo zogs-re mokleba¡ ara miT kerZo¡T miiRebs Zalsa, vinaჲ moklebul ars, aramed mier kerZo¡T, vinaჲ-igi ara yovliTurT mokle-bul ars. rameTu mokleba¡ keTilisa¡ aramed yoveliTurT borot ars, aramed kerZod oden~3.

rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, sikeTis absoluturi dakleba, gauqmeba, SeuZlebelia, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi sikeTe dakargavda Tavis funqcias. rac Seexeba sikeTisgan gadaxras, es gamonaklisia da ar niSnavs borotebas (`mokle-


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ba¡ keTilisa¡ ara yovliTurT borot ars~). boroteba arc substanciaa, igi ar arsebobs. es gadaxra boroteba rom yo-filiyo, boroti substanciis mier yofiliyo gamowveuli, maSin yvelaferi gauqmdeboda: `xolo ukueTu yovliTurT iqmnes, maSin buneba¡ca igi bolosa¡ dai£snebis...~.

3. sikeTe da erosiareopagitikis sruli SefasebisTvis didi mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs erosis rolisa da adgilis garkvevas. adre naCve-neb iqna, rom erosis garkveviT cxadi xdeba pirvelmize-zis buneba. Ffsevdo-dionises azriT, erosi (`trfialeba¡~) sikeTeSi (`saxiereba¡~) adre iyo mocemuli. pirvelmizezSi (sikeTeSi) arsebulma erosma pirvelmizezs qmnadobisken ubiZga (`rameTu T¢T igi keTilis moqmedi arsTa trfia-leba¡ saxierebisa Soris zeSTaaRmatebiT wina¡T¢e iyo, ro-meli igi ar uteva man uSobelad Tavsa Soris T¢ssa yofad, aramed aRZra igi moqmedebis yofad yovelTave moqmedebisa aRmatebulebiTa~1). aq mniSvnelovani isaa, rom, Tuki ploti-nes filosofiaSi qmnadobas srulyofilebis siWarbe udebs saTaves, proklesTan potenciis siWarbe, areopagitul moZ-RvrebaSi, sikeTisa da gonebis srulyofilebasTan erTad, daSvebulia erosi, romelic RvTaebaSia da saTaves udebs warmoqmnas. amiT areopagitikaSi pirvelmizezidan warmoqm-nis aucilebloba ufro damajerebeli xdeba.

aRniSnuls adasturebs `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ is adgilic, sadac vkiTxulobT: pirvelmizezSi aris erosis siWarbe, ris gamoc sikeTe, erosi winamavalia danarCen ar-sebebTan SedarebiT da amasTan, srulyofilebis, sisrulis gamo danarCeni arsebebis mimarT mzrunvelia. `viTarmed T¢T mizezica igi yovelTa keTilTa da saxierebiTa¡ yo-velTa trfialebisaT¢s gardametebulebiTa trfialebiTisa saxierebisa¡Ta garegan Tavisa T¢sisa iqmnebis wina-ganmge-belobisa mimarT yovelTa arsTaჲsa da viTrca saxierebiT


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raჲme da siyuaruliT da trfialebiT mwyalobel ars~1. am debulebaSi or moments unda mieqces yuradReba:

1. sikeTisa da erosis srulyofilebis siWarbe (`gar-dametebuleba~) TanabrZalovnadaa aRiarebuli, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom erosi da sikeTe erTi da imave arsebis gamomxatvelia;

2. xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli sikeTisa da siyvaru-lis mizezia umaRles arsebaSi mocemuli sikeTe da erosi.

fsevdo-dionise erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs imas, rac xilul sinamdvileSia – imisgan, rac umaRlesi arsebis (pir-velmizezis) sameufoSia. amis naTelsayofad igi mimarTavs isev eross. erosi asea Tu ise ukavSirdeba siyvarulis ka-tegorias da bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: – ramdenadaa mi-zanSewonili aRniSnuli cnebis gavrceleba umaRles arse-baze (sikeTeze)? am kiTxvaze fsevdo-dionises aseTi pasuxi aqvs. igi sayvedurobs imaT, vinc eross uigivebs siyvaruls, `rameTu Cemda sagonebel ars RmrTis-metyuelTaT¢s, vi-Tarmed zogad Sehracxes maT saxeli siyuarulisa da trfialebisa¡~2. fsevdo-dionises azriT, erosi aRemateba siyvaruls, igi ufro metia, vidre siyvaruli (`WeSmariti trfialeba¡ ufro¡s siyvarulisa~).

Tuki erosis cneba siyvarulis cnebisgan gansxvavebu-lia, maSin ra igulisxmeba masSi? rogorc aRvniSneT, fsev-do-dionise RmerTs miawers srulyofilebis, mSvenierebisa da sikeTis (eTikuri mniSvnelobiT) unarebs. RmerTs amgvar-adve unda axasiaTebdes erosi, rogorc masSi mocemuli ma-radiuli Zala, xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli siyvarulis idea. xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli siyvaruli ki unda iyos RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenis forma. aRniSnuls unda adasturebdes fsevdo-dionises azri, romlis Tanaxmad, xorcieli mSveniereba aris daSoreba WeSmariti erosisgan: `amisT¢s TavTa T¢sTad miixueWes nawilebsa zeda £orcTa


93

Suenierisa ganyofisasa, romeli igi ara WeSmariti trfile-ba¡ ars, aramed kerpi oden, gina Tu ufro¡sRa ganvrdoma¡ WeSmaritisa trfialebisagan~1. marTalia, aq laparakia WeS-mariti erosisagan daSorebaze, magram erosi safuZvelia im azriT, rom siyvaruli, romelic arsebebSi arsebobs, misgan momdinareobs.

rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sikeTis id-eas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. am mxriv, areopa-gitika agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs. fsevdo-dionises mier miRebuli daskvnebi zogadad ase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:

plotinesa da prokles msgavsad, fsevdo-dionisem sike-Tis idea gauigiva pirvel erTs. erTisa da sikeTis gaigi-vebam gamoiwvia sikeTis absolutizacia da borotebis re-alobis gauqmeba. amiT, S. nucubiZis azriT, ixsneba sikeTisa da borotebis dualizmi2. borotebis arasubstanciuroba mocemulia rogorc plotines, ise prokles filosofiaSi. Mmagram plotinesgan gansxvavebiT, prokle da fsevdo-dio-nise areopageli borotebis yovelgvar mniSvnelobas auqme-ben. Cveni azriT, fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad is unda CaiTvalos, rom man, Tavis moZRvrebaSi SeZlo gaetarebina borotebis arasubstanciurobis principi. amasTan, platon-sa da plotinesgan gansxvavebiT, prokles filosofiis sa-fuZvelze borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvneloba gaauqma.

areopagitikaSi sikeTis ideis saboloo gagebisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs trfialebis (erosis) cnebis gark-vevas. areopagitikaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, trfialeba sikeTeSi arsebuli maradiuli Zalaa, romelic xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli siyvarulis ideaa.

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 40.2 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.

Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 135.

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$4. areopagitika da renesansi

areopagitikisadmi interess zrdis is garemoebac, rom jer S. nucubiZis, Semdeg ki, S. xidaSelis gamokvlevebis Ta-naxmad, es moZRvreba renesansisa da humanizmis erT-erTi mTavari msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvelia.

S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gata-rebuli ZiriTadi principebi, renesansis mTavari ideuri safuZvelia. renesansis filo sofiis warmomadgenlebi ni-koloz kuzaneli, jorda no bruno, marsilio fiCino, piko dela mirandola am mimarTebiT areopagituli moZRvrebis did gavlenas ganic didnen 1.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, anu, rogorc mas xSirad uwo-debs S. nucubiZe, areopagitul neoplatonizmSi, moxerxda miwisa da zecis dualizmis gauqmeba. fsevdo-dionise areo-pagelma samyaros erTianobis principi neoplatonizmidan aiRo. S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom areopagituli moZRvre-bis avtorma SeZlo `...antikuri filosofiuri moZRvrebis Serwyma qristologiaSi neoplatonizmis meSveobiT.~2

S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi moce-muli ierarqiis principi gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobda neoplatonur filosofiaSi da swored neo-platonizmidan aiTvisa fsevdo-dionisem es Tvalsazrisi. ierarqiis principis damkvidrebiT areopagituli moZRv reba aRiarebs RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis Tval sazriss. ierarqiis principis Tanaxmad, ierarqiis safe xu rebi erTma-neTTan aucilebel kavSirSia, isini erTma neTisgan gansxvav-debian mxolod srulyofilebis xa ris xiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom samyaro Tavisi ierar qiuli safexurebiT (pirvelmize-zi, anu RmerTi, goneba, su li, kosmosi) erTiani mTelia.

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV t. gv. 135.

2 iqve, gv. 84.

95

areopagituli moZRvrebis bevr adgilas gatarebulia ier-arqiis es principi1.

renesansisTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda areopa gitul moZRvrebaSi gatarebul aucileblobis princips, ris safuZ-velzec pirvelmizezidan (RmerTidan) arsebebi aucileb lo-biT, yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe momdina reoben – warmoiSobian2. es principi gvxvdeba neoplato nizmis yve-laze TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebis – ploti nesa da pro-kles filosofiaSi. arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmo Sobis aRiareba niSnavs monoTeizmis arsebiTi momentis – krea-ciis uaryofas, romelic gulisxmobs RmerTis mier arse-baTa warmoSobas, sakuTari surviliT, droSi, arafrisgan.

renesansuli msoflmxedvelobisTvis aseve mniSvne lo-vania areopagituli Tvalsazrisi sikeTis absolutu robasa da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze, romelic fsev do-dionisemde gvxvdeba plotinesTan, basili did Tan da pro-klesTan. fsevdo-dionisesTan gaziarebu lia es umniSvne-lovanesi Tvalsazrisi da rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~ igi swored areopagituli redaqciiT aris SeTvisebuli. sakuTriv sikeTis absoluturobisa da boro tebis arasub-stanciurobis aRiarebas is mniSvneloba hqonda, rom amiT daSvebuli iyo borotebis Zlevis SesaZlebloba. es idea renesansis msoflmxedvelobis Tvis arsebiTia.

mokled SeiZleba iTqvas, rom areopagitulma moZRv re-bam neoplatonizmis mier aTvisebuli da gadamu Savebuli antikuroba `gadargo~ qristianobis niadagze (S. nucubi-Ze), riTac SenarCunebul iqna renesansisTvis aucilebeli ideebi da principebi. am ideaTa Soris ZiriTadia – Rmer-Tisa da samyaros erTianoba, – idea, romelic renesansis filo sofiur msoflmxedvelobas amzadebs. am ZiriTadi ideis momentebia: RmerTidan (pirvelmizezidan) arseba-Ta auci leb lobiT gamomdinareoba, adamianis gaRmerTebis

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33-35, 50-51.2 iqve, gv. 29-30.

96

Tval saz risi, RmerTTan uSualo SeerTebis daSveba, ierar-qiis principi, sikeTis absoluturoba da borotebis ara-substanciuroba.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom S. nucubiZem, gavrce-lebuli azris sawinaaRmdegod, renesansis Zirebs qri-stianul aRmo sav leTSi miakvlia da sakuTari Tvalsazrisi ase daa sabuTa: neoplatonizmis ukanaskneli warmomadgenlis prokles filosofia mxolod warmarTobiT sazrdoob da. amasTan, am drois qristianoba ukve saxelmwifo religiaa da amitomac maSin SeuZlebeli iyo prokles moZRvrebis mi-Reba ucvlelad. fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba iyo is, rom man moaxerxa neoplatonizmis (prokles filosofiis saxiT) `qristianul niadagze gadargva~, riTac Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi mowinave ideebs gza gauxsna. Tuki areopagiti-ka renesansis wyaroa, maSin renesansis Zirebi aRmosavleT-Si yofila saZiebeli, radganac areopagitika aRmosavluri qristianobis Zeglia.

S. nucubiZes miaCnia, rom renesansis msoflmxedvelo-bis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrula im ideebma, romlebic saTaves antikur filo so fiaSi, kerZod, plato-nis moZRvrebaSi iRebda.

renesansis filosofiuri safuZvlis Sesaxeb S. nucu bi-Zis Tvalsazrisi mokled ase SeiZleba Camovaya liboT: zo-gadad, renesansis filosofiuri safuZveli neopla to nuri filosofiaa, ufro zustad, areopagituli neop latonizmi, romelic antikuri memkvidreobis aTvisebis im xazs mie-kuTvneba (uSualod nucubiZis Tval sazrisi), romelSic Se-dian: sakuTriv fsevdo-dionise areopa geli, eriugena, ioane italosi, ioane petriwi, maister ekharti da sxv.

renesansis msoflmxedvelobisTvis areopagituli moZ-Rvrebis mniSvneloba CvenTvis sainteresoa imiTac, rom masTan uSualo kavSiri aqvs ioane petriwis renesansul Tvalsazriss, kerZod: PS. nucubiZis azriT, ioane petriwis filosofiaSi samyaro mocemulia moZraoba-ganviTarebasa

97

da mTlia no baSi. petriwis moZRvrebaSi buneba mTeli Tavisi brwyin valebiTa da sicocxlisunarianobiTaa warmodgenili. swored amgvari msoflmxedvelobiT gvevlineba petriwi. re-nesansis ideologad saqarTve loSi: `...Cven unda vaRiaroT, rom Tu areopagituli neoplatonizmis wyalobiT floren-ciis akademiis moazrovneebi (marsilio fiCino, piko dela mirandola da sxv.) italiuri renesansis ideologebad iqc-nen, petriwi, romelic maTze Sors wavida antikuri msofl-mxedvelobis aTvisebis mimarTulebiT, XII saukunis qarTu-li renesansis ideologiuri winamorbedia. aaRor Zina ra Tavis SromebSi areopagituli (`qarTuli~) neop latonizmi, petriwma ZiriTadi mimarTuleba misca XII saukunis qarTul poezias. rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi, ro gorc aRmosavluri da qarTuli renesansis mwver valSi, am ideologiam Tavisi mxatvruli ganxorcieleba pova~1.

renesansis filosofiuri safuZveli S. nucubiZem swo-rad miakvlia, magram am sakiTxze misi zogierTi mosazreba sakamaToa. magaliTad, sakamaTod da SeiZleba iTqvas, mi-uReblad migvaCnia nucubiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom ioane petriwi fsevdo-dionisesgan gansxvavebiT, warmarTo-bas miubrunda. amasTan, nucubiZis gamokvlevebSi bolom-de garkveuli araa, Tu ris safuZvelze SeiZleba miviCni-oT neoplatonizmi (maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba areopagitika da ioane petriwis filosofia) renesansis ideur wyarod. am mi mar TulebiT Tavisi mosazrebis dasasa-buTeblad is neoplatonur teqstebs naklebad an sulac ar mimarTavs, rac mis pozicias naklebad damajerebels xdis.

es sakiTxi ufro naTlad aris ganxiluli S. xidaSelis gamokvlevebSi.

S. xidaSeli, iseve rogorc S. nucubiZe, neop latonizms renesansis mTavar ideur wyarod miiC nevs. renesansis arse-ba masTan asea Camoyalibebuli: `re ne sansisa da renesansu-

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV t. gv. 195-196.

98

li humanizmis ZiriTadi Tavisebu reba mdgomareobs xiluli

sinamdvilisa da amqveyniuri arsebobis Rirebulad aRiare-

baSi. aqedan axali, Sua saukuneebisagan gansxvavebuli da-

mokidebuleba antiku ro bi sadmi da axali, gansxvavebuli

gageba adamia nuri sa~1.

S. xidaSels renesansis filosofiuri safu Zvlis Sesa-

xeb specialuri naSromi ar miuZRvnia. magram masTan, SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, yvelaze naT ladaa gamokveTili, Tu ratom da

ris gamo SeiZleba CaiTvalos neoplatonizmi renesansis

ideur safuZvlad. misi SeniSvniT, `neoplatonizmis erT-

erTi Tavisebureba pirvelsawyisisa da samyaros erTianobis

ideaa, romelic miwisa da zecis dualizmis daZlevisken iyo

mimarTuli. am ideam didi mniSvneloba moipova renesansis

epoqis ideur cxovrebaSi da aisaxa nikoloz kuzanelisa da

jordano brunos filosofia Si~2.

kuzanelTan es Sexeduleba, S. xidaSelis azriT, ga moT-

q mu lia absoluturi maqsimumisa da absoluturi mini mu mis

erTianobis ideiT. `am debulebaTa ideuri wyaro neopla-

tonizmia, kuzanelTan – fsevdo-dionise areopage li, bru-

nosTan – plotine~3.

sxva adgilas S. xidaSeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs fsevdo-

dionise areopagelis Sexedulebebis gavlenas renesansis

epoqis moazrovneze – nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedve-

lobaze4.

rogorc vxedavT, S. xidaSeli aRiarebs neopla tonuri

filosofiis gadamwyvet gavlenas renesansis filosofose-

bis msoflmxedvelobebze, riTac cxadad Cans renesansisT-

vis neoplato nizmis gadamwyveti ideuri mniSvneloba.

1 Ш.В.Хидашели.ВопросыгрузинскогоРенессанса.Тб.,1984,gv.35.2 S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 141.3 iqve, gv. 142.4 iqve, gv. 155.

99

S. xidaSeli RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis neop-

latonuri Tvalsazrisis mniSvnelobas upirvelesad xe davs

miwierisa da zecieris dapirispirebis gauqmebaSi. neoplato-

nizmma ara mxolod amoavso miwiersa da zeciers Soris ar-

sebuli ufskruli, aramed TviT samyaro warmoadgina ro-

gorc ìgive RmerTad, oRond misi ganviTarebis gar kveul

safexurze~ (a. losevi). aq xidaSeli akeTebs mniSvnelovan

daskvnas, romelic saerTod gasdevs rene sansis miseul ga-

gebas da gansazRvrebas: ès moZRvreba (neoplatonizmi, – m.

m.) iZleoda safuZvels amqveyniuri si namdvilis amaRlebisT-

vis, mis Rirebulebisa da mniSv ne lobis aRiarebisaTvis~1. S.

xi daSeli bolomde izia rebs a. losevis Tvalsazriss imis

Taobaze, rom aR niS nul sakiTxSi neoplatonizmi àRmoCnda

friad Sesa ferisi bazisi renesansuli filosofiisaTvis~.

am mxriv, is aRemateboda àristoteles mSral konstruq-

ciebs~. neop latonizmi ìZleoda umaRles samyaroSi zeasv-

lis coc xal SegrZnebas, RvTaebrivi energiebiT aRsavse

bune basa da idealur samyaros, rogorc cocxal da adamia-

nisaT vis savsebiT misaRwev silamazes~2.

RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis neoplatonuri Tval-

sazrisi, romlis safuZvelzec amqveyniur cxov rebas Ri-

rebuleba eniWeba, sabolood neoplatonizms renesansis

ideur wyarod saxavs. S. xidaSeli am Tval sazrisis utyu-

ar xorcSesxmas xedavs `vefxis tyao sanSi~. am mimarTebiT,

mniSvnelovnad unda CaiTvalos misi daskvna: àmqveyniuri

sinamdvilis Rirebulebisa da mniSv nelobis aRiareba lo-

gikuri, eTikuri, esTetikuri da gnoseologiuri Rirebu-

lebebis erTianobas gulisx mobs~3.

rusTavelze specialur gamokvlevebsa da agreTve Ta-

vis sxva SromebSi xidaSeli am mosazrebas mdidari faqto-

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 222.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 225.

100

logiuri monacemebiT asabuTebs. Tumca, misi mo saz reba,

sadac saubari Seexeba neoplatonur panTeizmsa da rusTa-

velis panTeizms, sadavod migvaCnia.

S. xidaSeli renesansis msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvle-

bis kvlevisas neoplatonizmze ar Cerdeba da am mimarTe-

biT exeba areopagitul moZRvrebas. am sakiTxis kvlevisas

igi ganixilavs zurab avaliSvilis (1876-1944) Sexedulebebs.

avtori yuradRebas aqcevs avaliSvilis im mosazrebas, rom-

lis mixedviTac neoplatonizmi aris swored is moZRvreba,

`romelic iZleva safuZvels rusTavelis msoflmxedve-

lobriv SexedulebaTa farTo ideuri analogiebis ZiebisaT-

vis qristianul-ebraul-mahmadianur samyarosTan, sufiur

da qristianul kulturasTan~1.

S. xidaSelis marTebuli aRniSvniT, z. avaliSvilis Zie-

bani neoplatonizmis mimarTebiT ufro Rrma Sreebs exeba

da sabolood `vefxistyaosnis~ erT-erTi gmiris asmaTis

sityvebSi:

`RmerTi, romeli ar iTqmi kacTa eniTa,

Sen xar savseba yovelTa, agvavsebs mzeebr feniTa~

fsevdo-dionises Txzulebis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ az-

rebs kiTxulobs2.

S. xidaSeli avaliSvilis gamokvlevis upirveles damsa-

xurebad miiCnevs neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikis dakav-

Sirebas rusTavelis SemoqmedebasTan da Tvlis, rom rusT-

velologiis Semdegma ganviTarebam aCvena amgvari cdis

perspeqtiuloba da nayofiereba3.

neoplatonizmTan areopagitikis mimarTebis garkvevis

Semdeg, S. xidaSelis sagangebo gansjis sagani xdeba areo-

1 S. xidaSeli. neoplatonizmis Teoria rusTvelologiaSi. Tb., 1990, gv. 25.

2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 26.

101

pagitul moZRvrebasTan rusTavelis Semoqmedebis mimarTe-

ba. igi aCvenebs `vefxistyaosanSi~ mocemul Rrma filoso-

fiuri azris Semcveli poeturi saxeebis – `mziani Ramis~,

`uJamo Jamisa~ da `erTarseba erTis~ warmomavlobasa da

kavSirs neoplatonur filosofiasTan, ufro swored neo-

platonizmis qristianul redaqciasTan – areopagitul

moZRvrebasTan1.

msgavsi viTareba sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis

sakiTxSi, romelsac gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia `ve-

fxistyaosanSi~. sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis

arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisis avtorze – `brZen div-

nosze~ (fsevdo-dionise areopagelze) sakuTriv rusTaveli

miuTiTebs2.

rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi S. xidaSeli gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas aqcevs RvTaebrivi gangeblobisa da pirovnebis

Tavisuflebis sakiTxs da miaCnia, rom Sua saukuneebis am

Tavsatexi problemis Tavisebur mogvarebaSi rusTavelis

Sexedulebis safuZvelia neoplatonizmi, kerZod, sworad

misi qristianuli redaqcia – areopagituli moZRvreba3.

S. xidaSelis saboloo daskvniT, RvTis gangebisa da

adamianis Tavisuflebis mimarTebis gasaRebi SemdegSia: `ru-

sTavelTan warmatebisa da sikeTis ganxorcielebis piroba

arc mxolod gangebaa da arc mxolod adamianis aqtiuri mo-

qmedeba, `vefxistyaosanSi~ orive faqtori erTad moqmedebs

da amaSia problemis gadawyvetis siRrme da mniSvneloba~4.

S. xidaSels areopagitikisa da renesansis mimarTebis

sakiTxi gamokveTilad ar ganuxilavs. Tumca aq warmodge-

nili misi kvleva am Temas pirdapir exmaureba.

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 84-93.2 iqve, gv. 93-98.3 iqve, gv. 98.4 iqve, gv. 100.

102

`vefxistyaosani~ renesansuli yaidis mxatvruli nawar-

moebia da misi mTavari msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZveli

areopagituli moZRvrebaa. am sakiTxSi sicxadis SetanaSi

S. xidaSelis wvlili didia. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am mimarTebiT xidaSelis kvlevebi pasuxobs Temas – areo-pagitika da renesansi1.

sabolood unda iTqvas, rom S. xidaSelis Tval sazrisi renesansis filosofiur safuZvelze mniSvnelo vani da say-uradReboa imiT, rom masSi naTqvamia, Tu ris gamo SeiZleba iyos neoplatonizmi renesansis filoso fiuri safuZveli. es ki RmerTisa da samyaros erTiano bis neoplatonur Tval-sazriss gulisxmobs. rogorc iTqva, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi gadavida areo-pagitul moZRvrebaSi da am gziT gavrcelda qristianul sinamdvileSi da safuZvlad daedo renesansis msoflmxed-velobas2.

1 renesansisTvis areopagitikis mniSvnelobaze saubaria a. lo-sevis gamokvlevaSi, sadac avtori aRtacebiT laparakobs filosofiuri azrebis navardze areopagitul TxzulebaSi – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, romelic mimarTulia `yovelgvari ada mianurisa da gasulierebuli miwieris gamarTlebisken~. ama s Tan, losevi akritikebs qarTvel mkvlevarTa pozicias ar-eopagituli panTeizmis Sesaxeb. rac mTavaria, avtori aRiarebs, rom miwierisadmi Rirebulebis miniWebis neopla tonuri da misgan gamomdinare areopagituli koncefcia renesansisTvis saintereso iyo da amaze kamaTi zedmetia. ̀ qa r Tuli aRorZinebis mkvlevrebma mxolod gasagebi da da majerebeli gaxades aseTi warmodgena renesansSi areo pagitikis gamoyenebaze~ (a. losevi. aRmosavluri renesansi. baTumi, 2005, gv. 46-47).

2 gansaxilvel sakiTxze saintereso azri aqvs gamoTqmuli i. med-vedevs, romlis Tanaxmad, renesansis epoqis humanistebi, ro-gorc wesi, platonikosebi iyvnen. xolo isini, vinc filosofosi peripaTetikosebi iyvnen da romlebic gviani sqolastikis orTodoqsiis xazs warmoadgendnen, humanistebis wridan eTiSe-bodnen. avtori svams kiTxvas imis Taobaze, Tu riT unda aixsnas es fenomeni da ratom iyo savaldebulo humanistebs miemarTaT platonisTvis. i. medvedevis azriT, platonis moZRv re bis

103

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilad migvaC nia

neoplatonizmis im principebis gadmocema, romlebic maTi

qristianuli gadamuSavebiT (areopagituli moZRvrebis sa-

xiT) renesansisa da humanizmis msofl mxed velobis erT-er-

Ti mTavari safuZvelia.

neoplatonizmi antikuri xanidan Sua saukuneebs So ris

arsebuli gardamavali epoqis yvelaze mniSvnelo va ni fi-

losofiuri sistemaa, romelsac didi gavlena hqonda mom-

devno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTu le bebze. gavlena

SeimCneoda rogorc qristianul samyaro Si (ris safuZvel-

zec Camoyalibda qristianuli neop latonizmi), ise musli-

murSi (magaliTad, sufizmi). sa qarT velo, romelic dakav-

Sirebuli iyo berZnul-bizan tiur samyarosTan, am gavlenis

arealSi moeqca.

ra niSniT SeiZleba CaiTvalos neoplatonuri filo-

sofia renesansis ZiriTad filosofiur safuZvlad? ro-

gorc cnobilia, renesansis erT-erTi mTavari principi

amqveyniuri sinamdvilisadmi Rirebulebis miniWebaa. ema-

naciis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli neop latonuri filoso-

fiis amosavali – RmerTisa da samyaros erTia nobis ideaze

damyarebiT – RmerTi, garkveuli az riT, `miwazea Camoyvani-

li~. es ki xilul sinamdvileSi RvTaebrivis `aRmoCenisa~ Tu

miTologiur-poeturi da TviT mistikuri Seferiloba ufro misaRebi iyo humanistebisTvis, vidre aristoteles moZRvrebis mSrali msjelobebi. aq, i. medvedevi imowmebs da iziarebs knosis azrs, romlis Tanaxmad, `aTeneli filosofosi (plato ni, – m. m.) gaxda ganaTlebuli kacobriobis axali inteleq tualu ri civilizaciis simbolo, maSin roca stagireli (aristotele, – m. m) mSralia da sqolastikuri sibrZnis simboloa~ (И. П.Медведев.ВизантийскийгуманизмXIV-XVвв.Ленинград,1976, gv. 543).

marTalia, i. medvedevi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi uSualod platonis filosofias da upirvelesad mis moZRvrebasTan huma nis tebis damokidebulebaze msjelobs, magram mTavari isaa, rom swored amgvarad gagebuli platonis filosofiaa renesansu li azrovnebisTvis mniSvnelovani.

104

`danaxvis~ SesaZleblobas uSvebda, rac sabolood amqveyni-

uris Rirebulad ga moc xadebis safuZvelia. niSandoblivia,

rom neoplato nizmis udidesi warmomadgeneli plotine ma-

teriis mara diulobas da amis safuZvelze masSi arsebuli

mSvenie rebis maradiulobasac aRiarebda. msgavsi Tvalsaz-

ri sia neoplatonuri filosofiis sxva warmomad gen leb-

Tan. swored am azriT iTvleba neoplatonizmi renesan sis

erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv wyarod. amasTan, isic unda

aRiniSnos, rom am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSia renesansis

is gageba, roca mis SinaarsSi igulisxmeba amqveyniurSi

RvTaeb rivis aRmoCena da amis safuZvelze misi aRiareba

Rirebulad, adamianuris wina planze wamoweva da a. S.

Sua saukuneebis kulturis msoflmxedvelobrivi Zi-

rebis Ziebisas mkvlevrebi gansxvavebul da zogjer urTi-

erTgamomricxav Tvalsazriss gamoTqvamen. erTni gan sa -

kuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvileben platonis fi lo sofiaze,

meoreni – aristoteles msoflmxedve lobaze, xolo mesame-

ni – neoplatonur moZRvrebaze. azrTa sxvada sxvaobaa ga-

mowveuli imis gauTvalis wineb lobiT, rom neoplatonizmi

TavisTavSi moicavs plato nisa da aristoteles, saerTod,

winamavali filoso fiu ri sistemebis arsebiT momentebs,

rom es filoso fiuri sistema ara mxolod `neoplatoniz-mia~, aramed `neoaris to telizmic~ (hegeli, celeri). es ar-

caa gasakviri, rad gan neoplatonizmi antikuri filosofiis

ukanask neli da umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri sistemaa,

ro mel Sic SenarCunebuli da Sejamebulia adrindeli fi-

losofiis arsebiTi principebi.

neoplatonizms rodesac neoaristotelizmsac uwo de-

ben, mxedvelobaSi aqvT is garemoeba, rom neop latonuri

filosofiis umTavresi principia moZRvreba pirveli erTis

Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmadac, sinamdvilis safuZvelia erTi

(RmerTi); pirveli erTisagan aucileb lobiT momdinareobs

105

sinamdvilis arsebani da masve ukuubrundebian, aseve auci-

leblobiT. radgan arsebebi RmerTisgan momdinareobs, neo-

platonikosTa azriT, amis safuZvelze RmerTi, garkveuli

azriT, aris am arse beb Si. SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom neopla-

tonizmis mamamTav ris plotines Tvalsazrisi – `RmerTi

yvelganaa~, Rmer Tisa da samyaros gamTlianebis safuZve-

li gaxda, rac gamoiyena renesansulma msoflmxedvelobam

da romlis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari. rac mTavaria,

neopla tonikosebTan mocemuli pirveli erTis amgvari ga-

geba warmoadgens platonis dialog `saxelmwifos~ me-6

wignSi gadmocemuli sikeTis ideisa da miznobrivi mizezis

Sesaxeb aristoteles Tvalsazrisis gaRrmaveba-ganviTare-

basa da maT garkveul sinTezs.

neoplatonizmi qristianobasTan brZolaSi damarcxda,

rac 529 wels imperator iustinianes verdiqtiTac gaform-

da. magram neoplatonuri filosofia umniSvnelovanesi

filosofiuri sistema iyo da misi principebi Sua sauku-

neebis msoflmxedvelobrivi sivrcidan iolad ver gaqre-

boda. amis gamo daiwyo qristianobasTan neoplatonizmis

Seguebis mcdelobebi. am mxriv didad warmatebuli aRmoC-

nda areopagituli moZRvreba, romelic aris qristianobis

gadmocema neoplatonizmis formiT (v. vindelbandi), neo-

platonizmis `gadargva~ qristianobis niadagze (S. nucu-

biZeE). msgavs mosazrebas gamoTqvamda i. Stiglmairic.

rac mTavaria, areopagitikis meSveobiT SenarCuneb-

ul iqna neoplatonizmis ZiriTadi principebi da mravali

winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, isini SeiTvisa qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam da am gziT saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

gadaecemoda igi filosofiur Tu Teologiur azrovnebas.

neoplatonuri filosofiidan aRebuli da Semdeg are-

opagitul moZRvrebaSi gatarebuli RmerTisa da samyaros

erTianobis principi, RmerTidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT

106

gamomdinareobis, sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis

arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisi renesansisa da human-

izmis erT-erTi mTavari ideuri safuZveli iyo. amitomac

SeiZleba msjeloba areopagitikasTan renesansuli mso-

flmxedvelobis mimarTebaze, rasac ase did mniSvnelobas

aniWebdnen S. nucubiZe, a. losevi da S. xidaSeli.

107

III Tavi

naoplatonizmi da areopagituli moZRvreba

areopagituli moZRvrebis mTavari filosofiuri wyaro neoplatonizmia (plotinesa da prokles filosofia). neo-platonuri filosofiis arsis gasagebad aucilebelia pla-tonis filosofiasTan neoplatonizmis mimarTebis garkveva.

$1. platonis filosofia da neoplatonizmiplatonis filosofiasTan neoplatonizmis siaxlove

upirvelesad mJRavndeba arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis, er-Tisa da sikeTis Sesaxeb TvalsazrisSi.

1. arsisa da ararsis sakiTxi arsisa da ararsis damokidebuleba platonTan (Zv. w.

427-347) ganxilulia dialogSi – `sofiste~. platonis amo-canaa aCvenos, rom eleatebis amosavali debuleba – ar-sebobs mxolod arsi, ararsi ki ar arsebobs, WeSmarite-bas moklebulia. platonis mizania ararsis mniSvnelobis garkveva, romelmac momdevno drois filosofiaSi didi mniSvneloba SeiZina.

platonis azriT, ararsi, ramdenadac igi ararsia, Seu-Zlebelia miekuTvnos arsebulTagans. ararsi araa raRac, vinaidan raRac yovelTvis arsebulia. ararsi ki ar arse-bobs. rodesac vambobT `raRac~, platonis mixedviT, amiT ukve garkveul simravleze mivuTiTebT, ufro sworad `raRac~ yovelTvis gulisxmobs an erTs, an ors1.

1 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.М.,1970,т.II,gv. 35.

108

imis miuxedavad, rom ararsis arseboba uaryofilia, platonis azriT, gverds ver avuvliT mis raRacnairad ar-sebobis daSvebas. magaliTad, rodesac Cven vambobT, rom ararsebuli sagnebi da ararsebuli sagani, amiT xom pirvel SemTxvevaSi simravleze gvaqvs saubari, meore SemTxvevaSi ki, mxolod erTze. erTica da simravlec arsebulis sfer-os ganekuTvneba. irkveva, rom Cven ararss raRacnairad arsis sferoSi vaerTianebT. amiT platoni mianiSnebs, rom ararsic raRacnairad arsebobs.

platoni Tavisi azris dasamtkiceblad mimarTavs aseT magaliTs: aviRoT gamosaxuleba sarkeSi da wyalSi. mar-Talia, gamosaxuleba aris WeSmaritad arsebulis mxolod asli, magram mainc arsebobs. amasTan, marTalia, sagans da gamosaxulebas sxvadasxva saxeliT aRvniSnavT, magram sinamdvileSi aq msjeloba exeba erTsa da imave arsebas, ufro sworad erTi arsis mqones1. es adgili Zalze mniS-vnelovania platonis Tvalsazrisis gasagebad, vinaidan Sem-dgomSi platoni ityvis, rom gamosaxuleba faqtobrivad am SemTxvevaSi aris ararsi2. aqedan gamomdinare cxadi xdeba, rom arsi (rogorc namdvili) da ararsi (rogorc gamosax-uleba) aucileblobiT garkveul erTianobaSi imyofeba: `ararsi arsTan fantastikurad, ucnauradaa gadawnuli~3. maSasadame, eleatebis debuleba `arsebobs mxolod arsi~, platonis Tanaxmad, safuZvels moklebulia, vinaidan arsis arsebobas aucileblobiT Tan axlavs ararsic.

arsi rom aucileblobiT moiTxovs ararss, es sxva maga-liTebidanac mJRavndeba. sanimuSod platoni ixilavs mcdar azrs. mcdari azri, platonis mixedviT, aris is, rac gansx-vavdeba WeSmaritebisgan. ramdenadac mcdari upirispirdeba WeSmarits, bunebrivia, rom maTi saganic gansxvavebulia, ese igi, WeSmariti azris sagania namdvilad arsebuli, xolo

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 355.2 iqve, gv. 355-356.3 iqve.

109

mcdari azris sagani – ararsebuli. magram, ramdenadac ar-sebobs mcdari azri, amdenad, mas sakuTari sagani gaaCnia. es sagani ki WeSmariti azris sagnis sapirispiroa. WeSmariti azris sagania arsi. maSasadame, mcdari azris sagani aris ararsi. ramdenadac faqtia, rom mcdari azri arsebobs, am-denad, ararsic arsebobs1.

ganxilulidan cxadi gaxda, rom ararsebuli da arseb-uli erTmaneTs moiTxovs. es idea msWvalavs dialogis mom-devno nawilebsac. aqamde ganxiluls SeiZleba pirobiTad vuwodoT pirveli safexuri arsisa da ararsis mimarTebaSi.

axla ganvixiloT erTisa da arsis mimarTeba. aqve wi-naswar SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom platonTan erTis prob-lema ZiriTadad ganxilulia dialog `parmenideSi~, magram misi momzadeba `sofisteTi~ iwyeba. `sofisteSi~ platoni ixilavs erTisa da arsis mimarTebas. yvelaferi aris erTi da amasTan, arsebobs arsi. amiT, platonis azriT, faqto-brivad, erTsa da imave arsebobas ori saxeliT gamovxatavT, ese igi, arsi da erTi igiveobrivia. arsisTvis, platonis az-riT, aucilebelia erTianobis principi. amitomac ar aris swori arsis imgvari daxasiaTeba, rogorc es eleatebTanaa. eleaturi metafizikis mixedviT, arsi erTia, sferosebria, aqvs centri da a. S. platonis azriT, Tuki arsi amgvari iqneboda, maSin igi moklebulia erTianobis princips. es imis gamo, rom Tuki arsi sferosebria, aqvs centri, maSin is nawilis Semcvelia, xolo is, rac nawilebis Semcvelia, simravlea da ara erTi.

sainteresod dgas platonTan arsis, rogorc mTelis, sakiTxi. Tuki arsi aris mTeli, magram man es Tvisebebi mi-iRo ara erTisgan, aramed TavisTavad, maSin aRmoCndeba, rom arss Tavisi Tavi aklia.

platoni aq Semdegs gulisxmobs: erTianobis principi umaRlesia. Tuki arsi mTeli iqneba ara erTianobis safuZ-velze, aramed TavisTavad, maSin arsi moklebulia erTiano-

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., 363.

110

bas da ar iqneba srulyofili. arsi ki, romelic srul-yofili araa, faqtobrivad ararsia; amrigad, Tuki arsi ar eqvemdebareba erTianobis princips, maSin igi ukve ararsia. es ki TavisTavad miuTiTebs, rom platonis filosofiisT-vis erTianobis principi aucilebelia.

`sofisteSi~ arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis garkvevisT-vis Zalze mniSvnelovania logikuri kategoriebis ganxilva. platonis mixedviT arsebobs xuTi umaRlesi gvari – kat-egoria: arsi, moZraoba, uZraoba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba1. TiToeuli kategoriis ganxilvisas platoni akritikebs sxva Ta Tvalsazriss aRniSnul kategoriebis Sesaxeb. pla-toni mocemuli kategoriebis Tavisebur analizs iZleva, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: platoni ayenebs sakiTxs, Tu ra mimarTebaSia mocemuli kategoriebi erTmaneTTan. amisTvis samagaliTod ixilavs moZraobis kategorias. moZraoba igi-veobrivicaa da araigiveobrivic. igiveobrivia, ramdenadac yvelaferi eziareba igiveobas. magram, ramdenadac moZraoba sxvaa, vidre, magaliTad, uZraoba, amdenad, igi araigiveo-basacaa naziarebi2. platonis azriT, aq winaaRmdegobas ar aqvs adgili, vinaidan moZraoba sxvadasxva mimarTebiTaa ganxiluli. rodesac vambobT, rom moZraoba igiveobriv-ia, maSin mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs moZraobis mimarTeba Tavis TavTan, xolo, rodesac moZraobas vukavSirebT araigiveo-bas, maSin mxedvelobaSia moZraobis mimarTeba sxvasTan, ami-tomac araigiveobrivia3.

aq platoni Ralatobs dialeqtikas, romelic ase dama-xasiaTebelia `sofistesTvis~. kerZod, roca platoni da-pirispirebul mxareebs miawers erTsa da imave movlenas, es sapirispiro mxareebi sxvadasxva mimarTebiT mJRavndeba, riTac dapirispirebulTa erTianobis principi ar aris gatarebuli.

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 363.2 iqve, gv. 379-380.3 iqve.

111

dialog `sofisteSi~ ganxiluli xuTi kategoriidan erT-erTs – gansxvavebis kategorias platoni ararsis arsebobis dasasabuTeblad iyenebs. rodesac Cven ararsze vmsje lobT, vgulisxmobT masSi ara arsisadmi dapirispirebuls, ar-ames mxolod misgan gansxvavebuls1. platoni ixilavs maga-liTebs: aviRoT didi da patara, an lamazi da aralamazi. gana SeiZleba iTqvas, rom didi da lamazi arsebobs, xolo patara da aralamazi ar arsebobs? yvela eseni arseboben da uazro iqneboda sawinaaRmdegos mtkiceba. patarac da aralamazic arsebobs imis wyalobiT, rom naziarebia arss. magram isini mainc sxva arian arsTan (am SemTxvevaSi didTan da lamazTan) mimarTebiT, ese igi, sxva arsebobs arsTan zi-arebis (arsSi monawileobis) ZaliT. magram, ramdenadac ar-sTan mimarTebaSi igi aris sxva, amitomac igi aucileblad unda iyos ararsi2.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, platoni yvela kategorias ganixilavs arsTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc sxvas. amasTan, arsi, Tavis mxriv, sxvaa danarCenebis mimarT, amitomac aq arsi ukve ararsis rolSi gvevlineba. amrigad, yoveli arsebuli Tavis TavSi ararsac Seicavs. ufro zustad – arsebuli arsisa da ararsis erTianobaa. zemoaRniSnuls pirobiTad vuwodoT arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis meore safexuri. Tu SevadarebT erTmaneTs arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis pirvel safexurs meore safexurTan, cxadi gaxdeba, rom platonTan orive am msjelobis mizania ararsis arsebobis aucileblobis Cveneba. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom platonis es, bolo dasabuTeba naklebdamajerebelia da ufro siZnelidan gamosavlis Ziebaa da faqtobrivad ar Cans arsisa da ararsis erTianobis Sinagani aucilebloba.

saerTod ki, dialogi `sofiste~, sadac platonma pirve-lad ganixila sakiTxi ararsis arsebobis, misi mniSvnelo-bis Sesaxeb, aucilebeli rgoli iyo platonis moZRvrebaSi.

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 382.2 iqve, gv. 385.

112

faqtobrivad es iyo umaRles erTze moZRvrebis logikuri safuZvlis momzadeba.

aq, pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli Tvalsaz-risis roli neoplatonuri filosofiis CamoyalibebaSi. rogorc aRiniSna, neoplatonuri filosofiis amocana iyo pirvelmizezisa da samyaros mimarTebis garkveva. ramdena-dac pirvelmizezi arsia, amdenad, `sofisteSi~ ganxiluli problemebi neoplatonizmSi Taviseburad gardaisaxa.

pirvel rigSi, unda SevexoT kategoriebis problemas platonsa da neoplatonizmSi (kerZod, plotinesTan). ro-gorc aRiniSna, platonTan kategoriebis ricxvi xuTia: arsi, uZraoba, moZraoba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. plotines filosofiaSic xuTi kategoriaa: goneba, moZraoba, uZrao-ba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. platonisa da plotines katego-riaTa cxrili ZiriTadad erTmaneTs emTxveva. plotinesTan kategoriebi warmoadgens azrovnebis aucilebel pirobas. goneba, ramdenadac arsebuls iazrebs, moazrovnea, xolo ramdenadac es saazrovno TviT gonebaa, amdenad, is arsebu-licaa. plotines azriT, azrovnebis aqti rom ganxorciel-des, saazrovno da moazrovne erTi da igive unda iyos1. amrigad, azrovnebis dawyeba igiveobis gareSe SeuZlebelia.

amasTan, moazrovne rasac iazrebs, rogorc azrovnebis sagans, misgan gansxvavebulia. aq Zneli araa paralelis gav-leba platonis filosofiasTan. rodesac platoni ixilavs kategoriebis urTierTmimarTebas, asabuTebs, rom igiveoba da gansxvaveba erTi da igive araa, magram igiveoba aucile-blobiT moiTxovs gansxvavebas2. platonis Tvalsazrisi ki plotinesTan gamoyenebulia azrovnebis bunebis asaxsne-lad. plotines azriT, azrovnebisTvis aucilebelia gon-eba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. amaT unda daematos kidev ori kategoria uZraoba da moZraoba. uZraoba aris igiveobis piroba, xolo moZraoba azrovnebis moRvaweobis gamoxat-

1 plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $4. 2 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.М., 1970, т.II, gv. 380.

113

va, romelic moiTxovs moazrovne subieqtisa da saazrov-no obieqtis gansxvavebas. amis gareSe is wminda igiveobisa da erTianobis safuZvelze win ver wava1. zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze vfiqrobT, plotinem kategoriTa sistema ufro `moZravi~ gaxada, CarTo igi qmnadobis procesSi. es ki plo-tines mxridan platonis filosofiis ganviTareba iyo.

arsisa da araarsis mimarTebis kvlevisas platoni aRniS-navs, rom arsisTvis aucilebelia erTianobis principi. er-Tianobis gareSe arsi srulyofili araa. aq dgeba TviT er-Tis bunebis garkvevis sakiTxi. ras warmoadgens erTi, ra mimarTebaSia igi sxvasTan, erTisa da sxvis mimarTeba da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi platons ganxiluli aqvs dialog `parmenideSi~.

2. erTis problemadialog `parmenideSi~ platons ganxiluli aqvs erTis

buneba, misi mimarTeba sxvasTan (simravlesTan). swored `parmenideSi~ ganxiluli sakiTxebia ZiriTadad neoplaton-uri filosofiis amosavali. neoplatonizmis erT-erTma udidesma warmomadgenelma proklem specialuri traqtati miuZRvna erTisa da simravlis, erTisa da misgan gamomdin-are arsebebis mimarTebis sxvadasxva aspeqts. proklem ko-mentarebi miuZRvna platonis `parmenides~. rogorc `so-fisteSi~, ise dialog `parmenideSi~ platonis kritikis ZiriTadi obieqtia eleaturi metafizika. `sofisteSi~ pla-tonma, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aCvena eleatebis ZiriTadi debulebis – arsebobs mxolod arsi, ararsi ki ar arsebobs – usafuZvloba. aseve dgas sakiTxi `parmenideSic~, sadac gakritikebulia parmenides Tavlsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs mxolod erTi da rac erTis gareSea, ar arsebobs. platoni asabuTebs, rom erTisgan gansxvavebulic arsebobs, erTi da sxva aucilebel erTianobaSia2.

1 plotine. V eneada, 1-li da me-4 wignebi.2 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II, gv. 409.

114

dialog `parmenides~ Sesaval nawilSi msjeloba exe-ba ideisa da simravlis mimarTebas.1 rogoraa SesaZlebe-li, rom idea gavrceldes mraval saganSi. idea xom erTia, sagnebi ki mravali. sakiTxis sicxadisTvis aRvniSnavT, rom platoni ganxilvis obieqtad ixdis iseT ideas, romelic mravali sagnisTvis saerToa. rogoraa SesaZlebeli, rom erTi da igive idea erTdroulad vrceldeba mraval sagan-Si, amasTan, idea Tavis TavSic imyofeba. Tuki idea gavr-celdeba mraval saganSi, amiT xom ar moswydeba igi Tavis Tavs? platoni ixilavs aseT magaliTs: afra erTia, magram igi mraval adamians gadaefareba. iqneb aseTive viTarebaa, rodesac vixilavT ideisa da sagnebis mimarTebas? rodesac afra adamianebs gadaefareba, TiToeul adamians gadaefa-reba ara mTlianad afra, aramed misi garkveuli nawili; maSasadame, Tuki ideisa da sagnebis mimarTebas ganvixila-vT, rogorc afrisa da adamianebis mimarTebas, maSin gamo-va, rom idea nawilebis Semcvelia, e. i. idea dayofilia. es azri ki platonisTvis miuRebelia, vinaidan winaaRmdegobis Semcvelia. platoni sailustraciod ixilavs sididis ideas. mas eziareba mravali sagani. Tuki sididis ideas ganvixi-lavT afris msgavsad, maSin yoveli sagani naziarebi iqneba sididis ideis nawilTan. gamodis, rom sagani didi yofila nawilTan ziarebis gamo, romelic TavisTavad pataraa si-didesTan SedarebiT, ese igi, sidide miviReT patarasTan ziarebiT. es ki winaaRmdegobis Semcveli azria. aqedan gamomdinare, platonis mixedviT, ideis gavrceleba mra-val saganSi Zneli asaxsnelia, metic, aRniSnuli platonis filosofiaSi siZneled darCa. amas adasturebs platonis Semdegi mosazrebac: ideebi samyaroSi arsebobs nimuSebis saxiT, xolo danarCeni sagnebi emsgavsebian (`baZaven~) mas, TviT sagnebis monawileoba ideebSi gamoixateba mxolod mi-msgavsebiT2. aRniSnuli ar aris siZnelidan gamosavali. aq,

1 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II, gv. 410.2 iqve, gv. 411-412.

115

faqtobrivad, platonma gverdi auara siZneles, romelic dakavSirebulia ideebis sagnebSi gavrcelebasTan.

aRniSnul siZneles ukeTesad gaarTva Tavi neoplato-nurma filosofiam (gansakuTrebiT ki plotinem da fse-vdo-dionise areopagelma). plotines mixedviT, umaRlesi idea aris pirveli erTi. igi aris pirvelsawyisi, romlis-ganac momdinareobs danarCeni arsebebi. yovel arsebaSi aris erTis (RmerTis) RvTaebrivi kvali. marTalia, pirve-li erTi, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, arsad ar aris, magram amave dros aris iq, sadac ar aris1. pirvelmizezi yvelaferSia, radganac arsebuli misgan aris warmoSobili da masSia RvTaebrivi Zala, magram, ramdenadac arsebuli sagnebi arasrulyofilia, amdenad, pirvelmizezi rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, maTSi ar aris ganxorcielebuli. am azriT pirvelmizezi ar aris. davuSvaT, rom pirvelmi-zezi sadRac ar aris, maSin es adgili sxvas hqonia daka-vebuli, xolo TviT pirvelmizezs (RmerTs) – sxva adgili, ese igi, yvelganaa, vinaidan mas xels amaSi veravin uSlis; meore mxriv ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, RmerTi arsad ar aris, vinaidan ar SeiZleba, rom is raimeSi iyos. aqedan gamomdi-nare, plotine fiqrobs, rom pirvelmizezi araa mowyvetili sagnebs da arc igulisxmeba maTSi2.

fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriTac, pirvelmizezi aris umaRlesi arseba. mTeli sinamdvile misgan gamomdi-nareobs. igi yvelganaa da amasTan, arsad ar aris. ramde-nadac RmerTi yvelganaa, igi Seicnoba yvelgan da yvela-ferSi, mag ram, ramdenadac igi arsad ar aris, araferSi ar Seicnoba: `da yovelTa Soris yovel ars da arca erTsa ras Soris arara¡ da yovelTa mier yoveliTurT icnobebis da arca erTsa ras Soris arara¡T~3.

1 plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $8.2 iqve, $$ 5, 9.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

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RmerTis yofna yvelgan niSnavs, rom sinamdvilis arse-bebi, romelTac safuZveli RvTaebaSi aqvT, sikeTes, mSvenie-rebas, srulyofilebas RvTaebis meSveobiT flobs. sikeTe, mSveniereba, srulyofileba RvTaebrivi Tvisebebia; maTi sa-xiT arsebebSi saqme gvaqvs RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenasTan da ara TviT RvaTaebasTan. am azriT RmerTi yvelganaa.

amasTan, areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, RmerTi, marTalia, yvelafris mizezia, magram igi arc erT maTgan-ze ar daiyvaneba. igi yovelive arsebulze amaRlebulia: `...viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo TvT arca erTi maTgani, vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTaarsebisa amaR-lesul ars~,1 radganac RmerTi sakuTriv arc erT arsebaze ar daiyvaneba, amitomac araswori iqneba imis Tqma, rom igi yvelgan arsebobs. rogorc vxedavT, plotines filosofia-Si da areopagitikaSi garkveulad daZleulia siZnele, ro-melic gvxvdeba platonis filosofiaSi, roca msjeloba exeba arsebul sagnebSi ideis gavrcelebas.

rogor SeZlo am siZnelis gadaWra neoplatonurma fi-losofiam? neoplatonizmma (pirvel rigSi, plotinem) ga-mosavali naxa emanaciuri principis SemotaniT. platonTan idea da movlena erTmaneTisgan mowyvetilia. movlena ideis mxolod aslia. movlenaTa samyaro WeSmaritebas moklebu-lia da mcdarobadaa gamocxadebuli. neoplatonizmSi xi-luli sinamdvile aris igive RmerTi ganviTarebis ufro dabal safexurze2. umaRlesi idea (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) emanaciis saTaveSia, arsebulTa safuZvelia, xolo misgan gamosuli arsebebi mis kvals atareben. magram, ramdenadac arsebebi RmerTisgan momdinareoben da maTSi aris RvTae-brivi Zalebi, amdenad, RmerTi samyaroSia. maSasadame, Rmer-Ti da samyaro erTianobaSia. rogorc vxedavT, samyaros gamTlianebis TvalsazrisiT, neoplatonuri filosofiis

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.2 Философскаяэнциклопедия.М.,1967, т.IV, gv. 46.

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mier emanaciuri principis Semotana win gadadgmuli nabiji iyo platonis filosofiasTan SedarebiT.

neoplatonuri filosofiis gasagebad aseve mniSvnelo-vania TavisTavad ideebze moZRvreba. platonis filoso-fiaSi es ideebi (laparakia maradiul ideebze, romlebic saganTa pirvelsaxeebia), platonis azriT, arsebobs Tavis-Tavad da maT Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT, vinaidan amgvari ideebi Seimecneba TviT codnis ideis mier, romelsac Cven ar vflobT1. amitomac adamianuri codnisTvis miuRwevelia iseTi ideebi, rogoricaa sikeTe TavisTavad, mSveniereba TavisTavad da a. S. Tuki davuSvebT, rom arsebobs TavisTa-vad arsebuli codna (e. i. codnis idea), is ufro srulyo-filia, vidre Cveni codna2. aq, platoni Tavisi filosofiis ZiriTad azrs gadmoscems, romlis Tanaxmadac, maradiuli, ucvlili idea aris umaRlesi srulyofileba, xolo misi Sesabamisi movlenebis sferoSi, aris misi asli.

ideebis samyaro, platonis azriT, RmerTis samefoa, Ta-visTavadi ideebis Sesaxeb icis RmerTma. RmerTi, romelic flobs TavisTavad ideebs, ra mimarTebaSia imasTan, rac Cven gvekuTvnis?3 RmerTis meufeoba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar vrceldeba imaze, rac CvenSia da, piriqiT, Cveni codnac ver swvdeba RvTaebrivs. es imis gamo, rom srulyofilis (RmerTis) wvdoma aRemateba arasrulyofilis (adamianis) unars. magram RmerTs ratom ar SeuZlia adamianuris cod-na, amaze platons garkveuli pasuxi ar gaaCnia.

Tuki SevadarebT zemoaRniSnuls neoplatonur filo-sofias, cxadi gaxdeba, rom platonsa da neoplatonikosebs aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli pozicia gaaCniaT. rogorc platonTan, iseve neoplatonikosebTan RmerTi sinamdvilisgan aRmatebulia. magram platonis filoso-fiisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac RmerTsa da movlenebs Soris

1 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II,gv.414.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 415.

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araviTari kavSiri ar aris1, neoplatonizmSi arsebebi sxva araferia, Tu ara RmerTidan gamomdinare, amitomac maT So-ris mxolod xarisxobrivi gansxvavebaa2. aqac, rogorc vxe-davT, emanaciis safuZvelze, neoplatonizmSi RmerTisa da movlenebis erTianobis principia gatarebuli.

neoplatonur filosofiaSi, marTalia, aRiarebulia emanaciuri principi, romlis safuZvelzec xdeba arsebaTa gamosvla RmerTidan da masSi ukudabruneba, magram racio-naluri codnis farglebSi RmerTis wvdoma SeuZlebelia, amis mizezia RmerTis aRmatebuleba, srulyofileba... ra-sac moklebulia Cveni codnis unari3. amitomac, ploti-nes mixedviT, RmerTis wvdoma SeiZleba mxolod mistikuri WvretiT, eqstazis meSveobiT. asevea areopagitul moZRvre-baSic. pirveli erTis (RmerTi) Sesaxeb zust codnas verc dadebiTi meTodi gvaZlevs da verc uaryofiTi. vinaidan igi imaze metia, vidre mis Sesaxeb arsebuli meTodebi gveubne-ba.4 RmerTi, rogorc zeSTaarsebuli, rogorc aRiniSna, ra-cionaluri codniT ver miiRweva. ise rogorc plotinesTan, areopagitikaSic RmerTis miRwevis gzad aRiarebulia mis-tikuri Wvreta. fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTTan misvla, RmerTis xilva SesaZlebelia locviT. locva gulisxmobs momzadebas RmerTis mistikuri WvretisTvis. RmerTis mis-tikuri WvretisTvis locvasTan erTad saWiroa adamianuri Tvisebebis CamoSoreba, rogorc areopagitikaSia naTqvami – sakuTari Tavidan gasvlaa saWiro, raTa RmerTis bune-bas veziaroT. amasTan, RmerTTan ziareba ukeTesia, vidre damoukideblad yofna: `...yovelni Tavni T¢sni yovelTave T¢sTagan ganvaSornoT da yoveliTurT RmrTisad viqmn-

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 414-415.2 Философскаяэнциклопедия.М.,т.IV,gv. 46.3 plotine. V eneada, me-9 wigni, $ 41.4 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

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neT, rameTu umjobes ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa T¢sTad yofa¡~1.

plotinesa da fsevdo-dionises axla aRniSnuli mo-sazrebani kavSirSia platonis TvalsazrisTan. rodesac platoni `parmenideSi~ ixilavs TavisTavad, damoukidebel ideebs, aRniSnavs, rom aseTi ideebi adamianuri bunebisTvis saerTod Seucnobelia. gansakuTrebuli niWiT dajildo-ebuli unda iyo, raTa gaigo, rom arsebobs yoveli sagnis raRac gvari da TavisTavad arseba (e. i. idea) da ufro saocari niWi unda gqondes, rom gamoikvlio yovelive es safuZvlianad da ganumarto igi sxvas.2 aq, pirvel rigSi, platoni codnis unarze miuTiTebs. platoni aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis wvdomisTvis gansakuTrebuli unaria saWiro.

platonis filosofiis es adgili garkveul rols unda asrulebdes neoplatonizmisTvis, kerZod: neoplatonu-ri filosofia yalibdeboda qristianul religiasTan, mis msoflmxedvelobasTan dapirispirebaSi. amasTan, garda ur-TierTbrZolisa, neoplatonizmi gavlenas axdenda qristia-nobaze da, piriqiT. arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom miRmuri ideebis gagebisas adamianis gansakuTrebul unarze plato-nis miniSnebas daemata qristianuli religiuri Tvalsa-zrisi RmerTTan ziarebaze, ris Sedegadac neoplatonur filosofiaSi Camoyalibda RmerTis mistikur Wvretaze Tvalsazrisi. es mosazreba SeiZleba sadavo iyos, magram platonis filosofia, kerZod, dialog `parmenides~ axla ganxiluli Tvalsazrisi, amis sakmao safuZvels iZleva.

rogorc vnaxeT, `parmenides~ Sesavali nawili mniSvne-lovan masalas iZleva platonis filosofiisa da neopla-tonizmis mimarTebis dasadgenad. dialog `parmenideSi~ Zi-riTadi adgili daTmobili aqvs erTisa da sxvis mimarTebis garkvevas, sadac mniSvnelovani momentebia agreTve plato-nisa da neoplatonuri filosofiis mimarTebis dasadgenad.

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 69.2 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II,gv. 415.

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WeSmaritebis bunebis gasagebad, platonis azriT, Cven ganxilvis obieqtad unda vaqcioT iseTi sakiTxebi, romle-bic sxvebs cariel sityvebad, sityvebis TamaSad miaCniaT. mocemuli amocanis gadasawyvetad umjobesia daviwyoT erTis ganxilviT. vnaxoT, ra Sedegebs miviRebT erTis daS-vebiT da ra Sedegebs erTis uaryofiT.

platoni ixilavs wminda erTs. Tuki erTi arsebobs, maSin is SeuZlebelia iyos simravle, ese igi, ar SeiZleba hqondes nawilebi. aseTi erTi ar SeiZleba iyos mTeli, vi-naidan mTeli nawilebs gulisxmobs, xolo nawilebi – simra-vles. erTi ki araa simravle1, mas ara aqvs dasawyisi, Sua da bolo. erTs rom es momentebi gaaCndes, maSin nawilebis Se-mcveli iqneboda. vinaidan mas dasawyisi da bolo ara aqvs, igi ganusazRvrelia, radganac swored dasawyisi da bolo udebs sazRvars yovel arsebas. platonis mier erTis moce-muli daxasiaTeba mniSvnelovania neoplatonuri filoso-fiisTvis. amgvarad aris daxasiaTebuli erTi plotinesTan, proklesTan da qristianul neoplatonizmSi – areopagiti-kaSi. plotine me-5 eneadis I wignis me-8 TavSi aRniSnavs, rom platonis `parmenideSi~ cxadadaa gansxvavebuli sami sawyi-si – absoluturi erTi, erTi-simravle, erTi da simravle. plotines mier warmodgenili erTis aRniSnuli tipebi da-gvexmareba misi Tvalsazrisis arsis gasagebad.

rogorc aRiniSna, platonis ganxilvis obieqti, pirvel rigSi, aris erTi (absoluturi mniSvnelobiT). amgvari erTi ar SeiZleba iyos sferosebri (akritikebs parmenides Tval-sazriss). erTi arc Tavis TavSia da arc sxvaSia. sxvaSi rom iyos igi, Tavisi nawilebiT unda exebodes sxvas. erTs nawi-lebi ar gaaCnia. maSasadame, is araa sxvaSi2.

erTi arc TavisTavSia, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi erTi iq-neba erTSi da erTi, erTi mxriv, garSemortymuli iqneba er-TiT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi erTi gars Semoertymis erTs.

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 419.2 iqve, gv. 420.

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magram SeuZlebelia, rom erTi da igive arseba ganicdides orive mdgomareobas. maSasadame, erTi arc Tavis TavSia da arc sxvaSi. erTis amgvari daxasiaTeba ucxo ar aris neo-platonuri filosofiisTvis, razec ukve gvqonda saubari. ra mimarTebaSia erTi (absoluturi mniSvnelobiT) sxvas-Tan? platonis azriT, erTi araa Tavis Tavisgan gansxvave-buli da sxvisi igiveobrivi da, agreTve, arc Tavis Tavis igiveobrivia da sxvisgan gansxvavebuli.

erTi Tavis Tavisgan rom gansxvavdebodes, is sxva iq-neboda da ara erTi. erTi arc sxvisganaa gansxvavebuli, vinaidan gansxvavebis buneba axasiaTebs sxvas da ara erTs. erTi arc Tavis Tavis igiveobrivia, vinaidan igiveoba gu-lisxmobs simravlesTan igiveobas, amitomac is erTi ki ar iqneba, aramed simravle1. ufro cxadad rom iTqvas, rode-sac erTis igiveobaze gvaqvs saubari, igulisxmeba, rom igi sxvasTan xdeba igiveobrivi (e. i. gansxvavebulis igiveobri-vi). amitomac, Tu vityviT, rom erTi Tavis Tavis igiveobri-via, gamova, rom erTi sxvac yofila.

ramdenadac ar arsebobs igiveoba, ar arsebobs msgavse-bac, vinaidan msgavseba emyareba igiveobas. marTalia, pla-toni ixilavs absoluturi wminda erTis daSvebis Sedegebs da sabolood akritikebs amgvari erTis daSvebas. aq sainte-resoa prokles TvalsazrisTan paraleli. prokles mixed-viT, mizezidan sagnebis warmoSoba da maTi ukudabruneba xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze2. emanaciis principebze da-fuZnebiT prokle sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT aviTarebs platonis Tvalsazriss.

Semdeg platoni exeba erTis arsebobas droSi. platonis azriT, Tuki erT droSia da naziarebia dros, am SemTxve-vaSi erTi winaaRmdegobis Semcveli iqneba, radganac dros naziarebi maradiuli aRar aris. amitomac erTi drois ga-reSea. es momentic Taviseburad gamoyenebulia neoplato-

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv. 423.2 Прокл.Первоосновытеологии.Тб.,1972,gv. 42-43.

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nur filosofiaSi, roca pirvelmizezi gamocxadebulia ze-droulad.

ramdenadac erTs araferi aqvs saerTo drosTan, amde-nad, misi misamarTiT ar SeiZleba iTqvas: iyo, aris, xdeba; ese igi erTi ar arsebobs. absoluturi mniSvnelobiT ga-gebuli erTi faqtobrivad ararsebuli aRmoCnda da masze raimes Tqma SeuZlebelia. ar arsebobs misTvis arc codna mis Sesaxeb, arc misi grZnoba da arc azri mis irgvliv.1 platonis mier erTis amgvarad daxasiaTeba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs neoplatonuri negatiuri Teologiis Ca-moyalibebaSi. pirvelmizezis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba neo-platonizmSi garkveulwilad emyareba platoniseul wminda, absoluturi erTis gagebas.

maSasadame, erTis absoluturi, wminda daSveba TviTon erTs auqmebs. amitomac sxva gzaa saWiro. ramdenadac erTi aris, amdenad is naziarebia arss, amitomac unda mivmarToT daSvebas – erTi arsebobs. rodesac vambobT èrTi arsebo-bs~, es ukve niSnavs, rom erTi eziareba arss (monawileobs arsSi). amasTan, arsi ar SeiZleba iyos erTis igiveobrivi, vinaidan maSin gveqneba èrTis erTi~. Tuki davuSvebT, rom èrTi arsebobs~, maSin unda miviRoT, rom erTi nawilebis Semcvelia. es imis gamo, rom àrseboba~ miuTiTebs arsebul erTze, xolo gamoTqma èrTi~ miuTiTebs erTze, romelic arsebobs. amasTan, erTi da arsi araa igiveobrivi da ga-rkveul damokidebulebaSia arsebul erTTan. ase rom, ar-sebuli erTi gamodis mTeli, xolo erTi da arsi ki, misi nawilebi2. es nawilebi Tavis mxriv orobis Semcvelia (erTi da arsi). aseve yoveli nawili isev orobis Semcvelia da a.S. gamodis, rom arsebuli erTi sinamdvileSi warmoadgens usasrulo simravles3. es adgili bundovania dialog `par-menideSi~ da igi Semdegs unda gulisxmobdes: arsi moiT xovs

1 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II,gv. 428.2 iqve, gv. 430.3 iqve.

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saerTo safuZvels. aseTi safuZveli `parmenideSi~ aris erTi rogorc mTeli, rac sabolood simravlis maCvenebe-lia. amitomac aseTi erTi ar gamodgeba saerTo safuZvlad. erTisa da arsis erTiani safuZveli platons mocemuli aqvs dialog `saxelmwifoSi~ sikeTis ideis saxiT.

ra mimarTebaSia erTmaneTTan arsebuli erTi da arsi, arsi da sxva, erTi da sxva? aRniSnuli wyvilebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `orive~ miuTiTebs, rom gvaqvs ricxvi. platonis azriT, erTis arsebobis daSvebiT faqtobrivi ricxvis arsebobis aRiarebamde mivdivarT. ricxvi eziareba arss. arsi ki, rogorc aRiniSna1, dakavSirebulia simrav-lesTan, amitom ricxvic usasruloa2.

platonma ukve aRiara erTis dayofadoba, ris gamoc Se-saZlebelia misi yofna arsebulis yvela sferoSi, nawilSi, didSic da pataraSic. platonTan erTis (e. i. arsis) gavr-celeba sinamdvilis arsebebSi (neoplatonizmSi, pirvelmi-zezis ganfena arsebebisadmi) xelovnur principzea damya-rebuli da sabolood ver xsnis siZneles, rac mocemul sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli. am siZneles, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ukeT gaarTva Tavi neoplatonurma filosofiam, romlis Tanaxmadac pirvelmizezi ganuyoflad imyofeba si-namdvileSi3.

rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, erTis arsebobis daSve-biT erTi aRmoCnda nawilebis, simravlis Semcveli, rac isev erTianobis princips eqvemdebareba. aseTi erTi, platonis azriT, SemosazRvrulicaa da usasruloc.

Semdeg platoni exeba erTisa da sxvis mimarTebas da da-askvnis, rom erTi igiveobrivicaa da gansxvavebulic sxvis-gan, exeba da arc exeba mas. amgvari erTi arc didia da arc

1 Платон.dasax. naSr., gv.430.2 es adgili gamoyenebul iqna neoplatonur filosofiaSi.

ix. a. losevis SeniSvnebi `parmenideze~. Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т. II, gv. 599.

3 plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $29.

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patara, vinaidan igi arc sidides eziareba da arc simcires. am debulebidan erTi nabijiRaa areopagituli pirvelmize-zis (RmerTis), rogorc yovelgvar gansazRvrebaze maRla mdgomze, daxasiaTebamde1.

platonis filosofiasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlovis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania, agre-Tve, platonis azri erTis sxvaSi yofnis Sesaxeb. ramdena-dac erTi sxvaSia, igi mcirea, ramdenadac sxva masSia, erTi didia. erTi Tavis Tavis da sxvis mimarT didicaa, Tanaba-ric da mcirec2.

Cven aq dawvrilebiT aRar SevexebiT dialog `parmeni-des~ bolo nawils, vinaidan erTis daSveba da misi mimar-Teba Tavis TavTan da sxvasTan, ZiriTadad pasuxobs im amo-canas, rasac winamdebare Sroma isaxavs. zogadad SevexebiT mxolod platonis daskvnebs, romelic miRebulia erTis uaryofiT, rodesac uaryofilia SefardebiTi erTi, maSin erTi icvleba da arc icvleba, moZraobs da arc moZraobs. erTi arc dgindeba da arc ispoba da, piriqiT3. platonis mier aq miRebuli daskvna mniSvnelovan safuZvels warmo-adgens neoplatonizmisTvis, saxeldobr, rodesac msjelo-ba exeba RmerTis sapirispiro niSnebiT daxasiaTebas. amis naTeli dadasturebaa agreTve, fsevdo-dionises moZRvreba katafatikur da apofatikur meTodebze4.

rodesac mivmarTavT SedarebiT erTis uaryofas, ma-Sin sxva aris simravle. es simravleebi msgavsic iqneba da aramsgavsic, rogorc Tavis Tavis mimarT, ise erTmaneTis mimarT. isini gaerTianebulic iqneba da danawilebulic, moZravic da uZravic.

rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, SedarebiTi erTis ua-ryofis dros gvaqvs erTisa da sxvis sapirispiro niSnebiT

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RTis-metyvelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224, 229.2 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II,gv. 448.3 iqve, gv. 468-471.4 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-mtyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

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daxasiaTeba, rac neoplatonuri filosofiisTvis Cveule-brivi ambavia.

rac Seexeba wminda (absoluturi) erTis uaryofas da Sedegebs erTisTvis da sxvisTvis1, aq naTlad Cans, rom wminda erTis daSvebiT xelT araferi aRar gvrCeba. amgva-ri erTis uaryofis dros erTsa da sxvas araviTari niSani ar gaaCniaT. ufro zustad ki, platonis mixedviT, Tu erTi ar arsebobs, araferi ar arsebobs. platonis filosofiis (`parmenides~) es rezultati mravlismetyvelia. filoso-fiis istoriis mkvlevrebi xSirad miuTiTeben, rom plato-nis dialogebi urezultatod mTavrdeba. sinamdvileSi ki saqme arc asea, rogorc erTi SexedviT Cans. platonis azri imis Sesaxeb, rom, Tuki erTi ar arsebobs, maSin araferi ar arsebobs, gana ar miuTiTebs imis moTxovnaze, rom saWiro da aucilebelia erTi. amasTan, es erTi wminda, Sinaarsisgan daclili ki ar unda iyos, aramed sxvas, simravles naziare-bi, romelic Tavis TavSi ararss, sxvas, simravles gulisx-mobs. rogorc `sofistes~, ise `parmenides~ rezultati unda iyos amgvari safuZvlis moTxovna.

`sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~ dayenebul problemebs exeba hegeli. hegelis azriT, dialogi `parmenide~ aris platonuri dialeqtikis Sedevri, romelSic mocemulia platonis dialeqtikis Teoriis ZiriTadi principebi. ma-gram platoni `parmenideSi~ ver axerxebs sawinaaRmdegoTa gaerTianebas da amitomac dialogi uaryofiTi rezulta-tiT mTavrdeba. Tumca SemdgomSi platoni `sofisteSi~ da `filebosSi~ garkveulad gamoTqvams sawinaaRmdegoTa er-Tianobis Sesaxeb2.

s. wereTelma (1907-1966) platonis filosofias (gan-sakuTrebiT ki mis dialeqtikas) specialuri gamokvleva miuZRvna. igi fiqrobs, rom platonis mier `sofisteSi~

1 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.Т.II,gv.464-477.2 Hegel.Vorlesungenüber die Geschichte der Philosophie.Leipzig,1971,Bd.II,

gv. 82-84.

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dayenebul problematikis Semdgomi gagrZeleba-ganviTare-ba xdeba dialog `parmenideSi~1.

rogorc vxedavT, s. wereTeli ar iziarebs hegelis Tvalsazriss `sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~ dayenebuli problemebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb. vfiqrobT, rom sakiTxis amgvari dayeneba ar unda iyos mTlad gamarTlebuli. pla-tonis orive dialogi faqtobrivad ikvlevs erTian safu-Zvels. `sofisteca~ da `parmenidec~ aris momzadeba erTia-ni safuZvelis dasadgenad. yovelgvari arsebulis erTiani safuZveli platonma gamoikvlia dialogSi – `saxelmwifo~, kerZod, roca msjeloba exeba sikeTis ideas.

3. sikeTis problemaplatonis filosofiis amocanas Seadgens im erTiani sa-

fuZvelis dadgena, romelic yovelgvar arsebulze maRla mdgomi iqneba da moxsnis yovelgvar dapirispirebas. ase-Tad platons miaCnia sikeTis idea. dialog `saxelmwifos~ me-4 wignSi platoni ixilavs sikeTis problemas. iqve cxadi xdeba, rom platons ainteresebs sikeTis idea ara eTikuri, rogorc es `filebosSia~ ganxiluli, aramed ontologiuri mniSvnelobiT – sikeTis idea, rogorc yovelgvari sinamd-vilis mizezi da saboloo mizani.

sikeTe, platonis azriT, aris iseTi ram, romelic sag-nebs aZlevs arsebobas, arss, Tumca TviT sikeTe araa arse-boba. igi arsebobaze maRla dgas da aRemateba mas Rirse-biTa da ZaliT2. amgvarad aris daxasiaTebuli sikeTis idea neoplatonizmSic, rac kidev erTxel naTels xdis platoni-sa da neoplatonuri filosofiis mWidro kavSirs. platoni sikeTis ideas adarebs mzes. mzis msgavsia sinaTle, romlis meSveobiT Cven vxedavT sagnebs, magram Secdoma iqneboda sinaTlis miCneva mzed, aRniSnavs platoni. asevea sikeTec.

1 s. wereTeli. antikuri filosofia. Tb., 1968, gv. 266.2 Платон.Сочинениявтрехтомах.М.,1971,т.III,ч.1,gv.311-317.

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sikeTe, rogorc arsebobis safuZveli, yovelgvari arsis Semecnebis, WeSmaritebis mizezia. magram Secdoma iqneboda Semecneba da WeSmariteba migveCnia sikeTed. sikeTe ufro metia, vidre aRniSnuli cnebebis Sinaarsi1.

rogorc vxedavT, sikeTis idea platonis filosofiaSi umaRlesi ideaa, srulyofilebis umaRlesi formaa, rome-lic arsebuli sinamdvilis mizezi da safuZvelia. faqto-brivad aq saqme gvaqvs umaRles arsTan, umaRles erTTan. is moTxovnebi, rac platonma `sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~ daayena, dakmayofilebulia sikeTis ideis aRiarebiT, rad-ganac sikeTis idea maRla dgas rogorc arsisa da ararsis, ise erTisa da simravlis dapirispirebaze. ufro sworad, si-keTis idea, rogorc umaRlesi pirveli sawyisi, yovelgvar dapirispirebaze, gansxvavebaze maRla dgas, vinaidan sikeTe `arsebobis sazRvrebs gareTaa~. amitomac ar unda iyos swo-ri azri imis Sesaxeb, rom sikeTis idea aris pirvelsawyisi mTeli, romlis nawilebsac warmoadgenen danarCeni ideebi.2 sikeTis idea ar SeiZleba nawilebis Semcveli iyos. amgvari Sedegi platons ukve hqonda miRebuli rogorc `sofiste-Si~, ise `parmenideSi~. platonis amocanas Seadgens iseTi ideis daSveba, romelic yovelvar gansazRvrebaze, gayofa-dobaze, nawilebis Semcvelobaze maRla mdgomi iqneba. sul sxva saqmea, rom sikeTis idea ver akmayofilebs im moTxov-nilebas, rac platonma mas dausaxa.

sikeTis idea, rogorc umaRlesi arseba da mizezi, Ta-viseburad iqna SeTvisebuli neoplatonizmSi. plotinem si-keTis idea pirvelsawyiss gauigiva, romlisganac emanaciis gziT gamomdinareobs danarCeni arsebebi. plotinesTan si-keTis ideam substanciis mniSvneloba miiRo3.

1 Д.Джохадзе.Основныеэтапыразвитияантичннойфилософии.М.,1977,gv. 111.

2 s. wereTeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 314.3 plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $15.

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proklesTan (412-485) sikeTe aris yvelafris sawyisi, romliskenac, amave dros, miiswrafvian arsebebi. es miswra-feba imis gamo xdeba, rom sikeTe aris srulyofileba, srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma. sikeTe da erTi, prokles azriT, igiveobrivia1.

neoplatonurma filosofiam platonis filosofiisgan sikeTe, rogorc pirvelsawyisi, ucvlelad miiRo da Semdeg ganaviTara. sikeTis ideis ganviTareba moxda emanaciuri principis SemotaniT. kerZod, plotine sikeTisgan, rogorc pirvelmizezisgan iwyebs mTeli arsebuli sinamdvilis ga-moyvanas. fsevdo-dionise emyareba prokles filosofias da aRiarebs sikeTis absoluturobas, xolo borotebis yovel-gvar mniSvnelobas auqmebs. es Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeboda platonisa da plotines msoflmxedvelobebisgan, romelTa Tanaxmadac boroteba, marTalia, ar arsebobs, magram misi daSveba aucilebelia sikeTis gamosavlineblad. sakuTriv fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba imaSi gamoixateboda, rom man sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis arasubstanciuro-bis Tvalsazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi daamkvi-dra.

plotines filosofiisa da naoplatonizmis mimarTe-bis gasarkvevad sam dialogs (`sofiste~, `parmenide~, `sa-xelmwifo~) mivmarTeT, rac ganpirobebuli iyo Semdegi ga-remoebiT: neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi, sakvanZo sakiTxebis safuZvlebi swored aRniSnul dialogebSia mo-cemuli. platonis Tvalsazrisis ganviTareba neopaltoni-kosebis mxridan ZiriTadad `sofisteze~, `parmenidesa~ da `saxelmwifoze~ dayrdnobiT xdeba.

1 Прокл.Первоосновы теологии.Тб.,1972,gv. 12-13.

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$2. plotines misticizmi da areopagitika

areopagitul moZRvrebaze plotines filosofiis gav-lena ZiriTadad Semdeg sakiTxebSi mJRavndeba: moZRvreba pirvelsawyis erTze – RmerTze, erTis negacia, RmerTis mistikuri wvdoma. plotines filosofiaSi RmerTis ua-ryofiT daxasiaTebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva. plotines azriT, RmerTis Sesaxeb umjobesia vTqvaT, rom mis Sesaxeb araferi viciT. RmerTis arcodna plotines fi-losofiaSi gzas uxsnis misticizms. plotines misticizmis gavlenas Sua saukuneebis bevri moazrovne ganicdis, maT Soris fsevdo-dionise areopageli. areopagituli moZRvre-bis siaxlove plotinis msoflmxedvelobasTan upirvelesad swored misticizmis sferoSi mJRavndeba1.

misticizmze msjelobisas or moments unda mieqces yu-radReba: ra Sinaarsia nagulisxmebi am cnebaSi da rasTan aris dakavSirebuli ama Tu im moazrovnesTan misi msofl-mxedvelobis misticizmze gadasvla. saerTo azris Tanax-mad, misticizmi aris msoflmxedveloba, romelic filo-sofiur-logikuri gzis sawinaaRmdegod, RmerTis wvdomis gzad miiCnevs mistikur Wvretas2. misticizmi Tavisi arse-biT aris filosofiidan gadaxveva da igi ufro religiuri msoflmxedvelobis kuTvnilebaa, vidre filosofiisa. sxva saqmea, rom misticizmi atarebda filosofiur xasiaTs3.

misticizmis safuZvlad RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTe-ba moiazreba.4 aq erTi koreqtivia saWiro: misticizmis sa-fuZveli ar aris pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) is uaryofiTi da-xasiaTeba, romelic upirispirdeba dadebiTs. eseni, pirvel

1 Н.Бердяев.Смыслтворчеста.Опытоправданиячеловека.М.,1916,gv. 295-297.

2 Философскаяэнциклопедия.М.,1967,т.IV,gv.456.3 А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ-

веденияхИоаннаСкотаЭригены.С.-Петербург,1898.gv.169.4 Философскаяэнциклопедия.Т.IV,gv.455.

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rigSi, codnis meTodebia, romlebic aCvenebs filosofiis naklovanebas pirvelmizezis saboloo wvdomisTvis. rogorc aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises azriT, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba, xolo RmerTi ima-ze metia, vidre mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba1. es meTodebi racionaluri codnis sferos ganekuTvneba da mistikasTan araferi aqvT saerTo. misticizmze gadasvla mas Semdeg iwyeba, rodesac aRmoCndeba, rom codnis meTo-debi uZluria RmerTis Sesamecneblad. amitomac sxva gzaa saWiro. es gza mistikuri Wvretaa, romlisTvisac, rogorc SemdegSi vnaxavT, aucilebeli yofila pirvelmizezis nega-cia – misi absoluturad uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba. absolu-turi negacia pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) dadebiTi da uaryo-fiTi daxasiaTebis Semdgomi safexuria2.

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-mtyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.2 misticizmis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams rusi

filosofosi nikolai berdiaevi. misi azriT, mistika niSnavs Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebas. am CaRrmavebiT, amave dros gareT gasvlac xdeba. adamianis siRrmeSi Zevs yovelgvari saidumlo-ebis gasaRebi. mistikas emyareba religiac. qristianoba mis-tikuric aris da aramistikuric. is mistikuria, ramdenadac Sinagan-adamianuria, magram, ramdenadac igi (e. i. qristianoba) saSualo adamianisTvis misawvdomia, amitomac aramistikuricaa (ix. Н.Бердяев.dasax. naSr., gv. 290-291). n. berdiaevi akritikebs imaT, visac yovelgvar mistikaSi Semoqmedebis amaRorZinebeli wyaro aqvT danaxuli. mistika mravalgvaria. berdiaevis azriT, Zvel mistikas hqonda panTeisturi tendencia. es tendencia adamians Tqvefs RmerTSi, riTac ikargeba adamianis TviToba, magram panTeistur mistikaSi iyo ukvdavi WeSmariteba imis Sesaxeb, rom Semoqmedi da Semonaqmedi `intimurad~ ise axlos aris, rom RmerTi SemoqmedebaSia da Semoqmedeba RmerTSia, rom samyarosa da adamianSi mimdinare xdeba RmerTSic, rom RmerTis energia gadaedineba samyaroSi (iqve, gv. 292). indur mistikaSi, n. ber diaev is azriT, ignorirebulia adamiani, arsebobs mxolod RvTa eb rivi Zala. indur mistikasTan axlos dgas plotine. plotinesTanac adamiani RvTaebaSi qreba.

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Cveni kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania nikolai berdiaevis (1874-1948) Tvalsazrisi plotines ne-gatiur Teologiaze. plotines mier erTis uaryofiTi da-xasiaTebiT, pirvelad evropul religiur filosofiaSi, srulad iqna mocemuli erTis negatiuri, ganyenebuli ga-geba, romelic gawmendilia arsisgan, samyarosgan. es idea gadavida qristianul metafizikaSi. n. berdiaevis azriT, dionise areopagelis (igulisxmeba fsevdo-dionise areopa-geli, – m. m.) negatiuri Teologia mTlianad emyareba erTis neoplatonur mistikas1.

1. plotines misticizmiplotines misticizmis arsis gasagebad ganvixiloT misi

filosofiuri sistemis ZiriTadi principebi. plotines fi-losofiis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) mTeli sinamd-vilis safuZvelia, misgan aqvs arsebebs arseboba, sicocx-le... RmerTidan arsebebis warmoSoba xdeba srulyofilebis siWarbiT. is arsebebi, romlebic RmerTTan axlosaa, ufro srulyofilia, vidre daSorebuli. plotinesTan es ierar-qiuli kibe asea warmodgenili: pirveli erTi (RmerTi) – go-neba – suli – kosmosi (materialuri sinamdvile).

plotines filosofiaSi did rols asrulebs RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, romelic Semdgom Taviseburad aiTvisa da ganaviTara fvsevdo-dionise are-opagelma. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) daxa-siaTeba SeiZleba xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebis saxelebiT, magram am saxelTagani verc erTi ver gamoxatavs RmerTis namdvil bunebas. eseni faqtobrivad pirvelmizezisadmi Cven mier miwerili predikatebia. amis Semdeg irRveva dadebiTi meTodiT miRebuli codna da mis adgils ikavebs uaryofi-Ti daxasiaTeba. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi, rogorc areopagituli moZRvrebis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, racionalu-ri codnis meTodebia, romlebic sakmarisi ar aris RmerTis

1 Н.Бердяев. dasax. naSr., gv. 297.

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wvdomisTvis. es ki filosofiuri codnis SezRudulobaze miuTiTebs. amis gamo saWiro xdeba pirvelmizezis wvdomis-Tvis axali gzis gamoZebna. es gza aris mistikuri Wvreta. zustad aseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme gacilebiT adre – plotines msoflmxedvelobaSi.

ganvixiloT am kuTxiT plotines filosofia. ploti-ne adamianis umaRles daniSnulebad acxadebs pirvelsawyi-sisken (RmerTisken) miswrafebas. RmerTTan gaerTianebis-Tvis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom adamiani gaTavisufldes yovelgvar xilul sagnebTan mimarTebisgan, ese igi, Tavi daaRwios sxeulis tyveobas. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba saubari pirvelmizezis wvdomaze. yovelive es imiT iwye-ba, rom adamiani iviwyebs gare sinamdviles, iZireba sulis siRrmeSi, xedavs sulis, gonebis pirvelsaxeebs da am mdgo-mareobaSi myofi igi elodeba pirvelmizezis, anu RmerTis xilvas1. aRniSnuli ar gansxvavdeba RmerTis religiur-mis-tikuri wvdomisgan. plotine amaze rom SeCerebuliyo, bune-brivia, araviTari safuZveli ar gveqneboda, mis moZRvreba-Si arsebuli misticizmis filosofiur bunebaze gvemsjela.

plotines pirvelmizezis religiuri (mistikuri) wvdo-ma filosofiurad aqvs gaazrebuli da mas mkacr logikur principebs umorCilebs. rogor da ra gziT xdeba pirvel-mizezTan arsebebis dabruneba? plotines azriT, pirvelmi-zezis wvdomisTvis aucilebelia uSualo, winamaval mize-zSi dabruneba (am princips SemdgomSi aiTviseben prokle da fsevdo-dionise), ese igi, pirvelmizezTan gaerTiane-bamde aucilebelia yvela im safexuris gavla, romelic momdinareobs pirvelmizezidan. plotines Tanaxmad, roca Cven gvinda pirvelmizezTan gaerTianeba, Serwyma, amisTvis unda mivmarToT suls, ufro sworad sulis RvTaebriv na-wils (plotines mixedviT, sulis meore nawili miwierTanaa dakavSirebuli). amisTvis saWiroa CamoviciloT is adamia-nuri Tvisebebi, romlebic miwisaken gvezideba (sxeuli,

1 plotine. V eneada, I wigni, $6.

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SegrZnebebi)1. amis Semdeg suli mimarTavs gonebas, goneba ki, pirvelmizezs. rogorc vxedavT, plotinesTan pirvelmi-zezis (RmerTis) uSualo Wvreta ki ar gvaqvs, aramed xdeba RmerTTan misasvleli yvela safexuris gavla da mxolod amis Semdeg xdeba misi namdvili bunebis gageba. swored es momenti aqvs mxedvelobaSi p. blonskis, roca plotinesTan adamianis miswrafebas RmerTTan gaerTianebisken filoso-fiur-inteleqtualurs uwodebs 2.

plotines misticizmis filosofiur-inteleqtualur xasiaTs adasturebs misi Semdegi mosazrebac: marTalia, pirvelmizezi CvenTvis Seucnobelia, magram es srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom igi CvenTvis saerTod miuRwevelia3. aq, imis garda, rom filosofiuri codnis SezRudulobazea miTi-Tebuli, Cans agreTve, mistikis moTxovna. magram es araa wminda, religiuri mistika. vnaxoT es plotines Tvalsazri-sis analizis safuZvelze. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezis wvdoma SeiZleba Semecnebis gareSe. Cven SegviZlia miaxlo-eba pirvelmizezTan ise, rom araferi vTqvaT mis Sesaxeb. es miaxloeba SeiZleba predikatebis negaciis safuZvelze. kerZod, RmerTSi uarvyofT yvela im niSan-Tvisebas, rac is ar aris, rac mas ar ekuTvnis4. aq yuradReba unda gavamaxvi-loT plotines gamoTqmebze: `rac is ar aris~, `rac mas ar ekuTvnis~. ra igulisxmeba am gamoTqmebSi da rogor unda gavigoT isini? aRniSnulis gasagebad mivmarToT plotines saerTo azrs pirvelmizezis Sesaxeb. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, plotines mixedviT, pirvelmizezis dadebiTi daxasiaTebi-sas mas miewereba xiluli sinamdvilisgan aRebuli predi-katebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba mis namdvil bunebas. amiT faqtobrivad pirvelmizezze (RmerTze) mcdari warmodegena gveqmneba. swored amitom saWiroa pirvelmizezs Camovaci-

1 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $9. 2 П.Блонский.ФилософияПлотина.М.,1918,gv. 89.3 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $14.4 iqve.

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loT (`gavwmindoT~) mcdari saxelebi. swored es igulisx-meba pirvelmizezis plotiniseul negaciaSi, romlis did mniSvnelobaze qristianuli metafizikisTvis miuTiTebda n. berdiaevi. Aamis Semdeg, plotines azriT (e. i. pirvelmi-zezze mcdari saxelebis CamocilebiT), Cven miviswrafviT misken azrovnebis meSveobiT da yovelTvis vgrZnobT, rom igi (e.i. pirvelmizezi) aris azrovnebis, gonebis uSinagnesi arseba, Tumca misi gamoxatva Cven ar SegviZlia, misi gad-mocema Cvens SemecnebiT unars aRemateba. P

plotines mixedviT, pirvelmizezis WvretisTvis mxo-lod azrovnebiT miswrafeba araa sakmarisi. am gziT Rmer-Tis mxolod nawilobrivi miRweva SeiZleba. misi saboloo wvdomisTvis unda mivmarToT intuitur gzas1. rogorc vxedavT, platine xazs usvams azrovnebis uunarobas Rmer-Tis saboloo wvdomisTvis. Mmagram isic sayuradReboa, rom RmerTis mistikuri Wvretis gzaze azrovneba erT-erTi au-cilebeli saSualebaa.

rogor xdeba adamianis gaerTianeba, Serwyma RmerTTan? rodesac adamiani mimarTulia RmerTisaken, pirvelad igi grZnobs, rom RmerTi misgan gansxvavebulia, igi sxvaa da RmerTi sxva. magram, rodesac is iZireba sakuTar `m-Si, amiT gadalaxavs yovelgvar SiSs da Seerwymeba RmerTs. RmerT-Tan SerwymisTvis, plotines azriT, zemoaRniSnulis garda, aucilebelia TviT RmerTis siZlieris rwmena2. rogorc vxe-davT, plotinesTan RmerTis wvdoma SesaZlebelia sakuTar TavSi CarRmavebiT. es imis gamo, rom RmerTi Cvens gareT ki araa, aramed CvenSia, magram ver vamCnevT mas. swored imis gamo, rom RmerTi Cvens gareT ki araa, aramed CvenSia, yve-la Cvengans SeuZlia misi miRweva, magram adamianebi TviTon Sordebian RmerTs da ucxovdebian misgan3. aq yovelTvis

1 plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $10.2 iqve, V eneada, me-8 wigni, $11.3 iqve, VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $7.

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igulisxmeba, rom adamianebi ufro did yuradRebas aqce-ven sxeulebrivs. swored amis gamo isini RmerTs Sordebian.

plotines moZRvrebaSi arsebuli misticizmis filoso-fiur bunebaze miuTiTebs misi Semdgomi mosazrebac: vis SeuZlia RvTaebis miRweva? plotines mixedviT, amis unari aqvs imas, vinc dajildoebulia filosofiis siyvaruliT, vinc Tavidanve aris filosofosi. aseTi adamiani ar kmayo-fildeba grZnobadi silamaziT (e. i. ar Cerdeba sxeulebri-vze) da miiswrafvis umaRlesi mSvenierebisken. sabolood plotine aRniSnavs, rom pirvelimizezisken miswrafeba da-maxasiaTebelia iseTi adamianebisTvis, romlebic filoso-fiur unars floben1. marTalia, RmerTis wvdoma mxolod mistikaSia SesaZlebeli, magram, amasTan, plotines mixed-viT, RmerTis wvdomisTvis upirvelesi amocanaa is, rom, vinc RmerTs Wvrets, filosofosobis unariT unda iyos dajildoebuli. aqedan gamomdinare cxadi xdeba, rom plo-tinesTan misticizmi ar gulisxmobs filosofiis mTlianad gauqmebas. marTalia, filosofia naklovania, magram misti-kuri WvretisTvis aucilebeli safexuria.

plotine sainteresod ixilavs mistikuri Wvretis pro-cess. suli, rodesac miiswrafvis `sikvdilisken~ (Rmer-Tisken), man pirvelad goneba unda gaiaros (misi uSualo mizezi), gonebis gavlis Semdeg daiviwyebs azrovnebas da mTel yuradRebas miapyrobs umaRles sikeTes (RmerTs, pirvelmizezs). rac Seexeba gonebis mier umaRlesi sikeTis Wvretas, aq unda gvaxsovdes, rom mas ori unari gaaCnia: erTi moazrovne, romelic ixilavs, Tu ra aris TviTon mas-Si, meore unari ki Wvrets umaRles sawyiss. rodesac goneba Wvrets sawyiss, pirvelad igi mas garegnulad eCveneba, Se-mdeg ki Sinaganad. pirveli Wvretisas goneba aris moazro-vne, xolo meore Wvretisas, rogorc `neqtariT mTvrali,~ kargavs azrovnebis unars2. aq CvenTvis sayuradRebo isaa,

1 plotine. V eneada, me-9 wigni, $2.2 iqve, VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $35.

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rom plotines mixedviT, mistikuri Wvretisas azrovneba dakargulia. magram, amasTan, azrovneba asrulebs garkveul rols mistikuri Wvretis gansaxorcieleblad. es aris go-nebis meSveobiT [RmerTisagan] im mcdari gansazRvrebebis, saxelebis Camocileba, romlebic Cven mieraa masze miweri-li da araferi aqvs saerTo mis WeSmaritebasTan. yovelive es ki swored im azrs adasturebs, rom plotines filoso-fiaSi arsebulma pirvelmizezis negatiurma daxasiaTebam mis misticizms filosofiuri elferi misca.

pirvelmizezTan Serwyma-gaerTianeba aris sikeTis cod-na, romelsac, plotines azriT, platonma udidesi codna uwoda. es codna miiRweva analogiiT, abstraciiT, negacii-Ta da ZiriTad safexurze meToduri svliT. Ees safexurebia: ganwmenda locvis meSveobiT, sikeTiT Semkoba, aRmafrena noumenalur samyaroSi, iq darCenis cda. am gziT SeiZle-ba pirveli sinaTlis, ese igi, umaRlesi mizezis miRweva1. plotine kidev erTxel xazs usvams, rom mistikuri Wvre-tisas filosofiuri Semecnebis xerxebi aucilebelia. am gzaze mis mier analogiis, abstraqciisa da negaciis moxmo-ba miuTiTebs, rom plotinesTvis filosofia arasodes ar asrulebs meorexarisxovan rols. pirvelmizezis mistikuri Wvretis SemTxvevaSic ki, romelic filosofiuri Semecne-bis uZlurobis gamoa daSvebuli, udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Semecnebis filosofiur xerxebs (analogia, abstraqcia, ne-gacia). amasTan, mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom ploti-nes misticizmi religiur moTxovnilebasac akmayofilebs, kerZod, pirvelmizezis wvdomisaTvis locvis aucileblo-bis aRiareba.

Cven ukve gvqonda saubari plotines filosofiis mi-xedviT CvenSi RmerTis arsebobaze. plotine aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi Cven ar gvtovebs. mis gareSe arsebuli sico-cxle aris mxolod Crdili. WeSmarit sicocxled ploti-nes miaCnia RmerTan saidumlo kavSiri, raSic, ra Tqma unda,

1 plotine. VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $36.

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RmerTTan mistikuri gaerTianeba igulisxmeba. es kavSiri, gaerTianeba saidumloa imdenad, ramdenadac SeuZlebelia misi gadmocema codnis enaze. plotine aRniSnavs: adamiani RmerTis Wvretisas rwmundeba, rom is RvTaebrivia; rogorc ki wava es mdgomareoba, igi `isev damZimdeba1. aq, plotine cdilobs, rom RmerTis transcendenturi buneba Seeguos imanenturs2. amas Semdegi garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs: ploti-nes mixedviT, adamianis umaRlesi daniSnulebaa RmerTTan gaerTianeba. RmerTi, erTi mxriv, CvenSia, CvenSi SeiZleba misi danaxva, magram, amasTan, igi rogorc mTeli sinamdvi-lis uzogadesi principi, umaRlesi pirvelmizezi SeuZle-belia mxolod CvenSi iyos imanenturad, is, amave dros, ga-reTaa. plotine aRniSnavs, rom sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebiT faqtobrivad gareT gavdivarT da Cven aRmovaCenT umaRles mizezs. es ki naTels xdis, rom plotine cdilobs RmerTis transcendenturoba Seuguos mis imanenturobas. am azris gatarebas is dadebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda, rom nacadi iyo RmerTisa (pirvelmizezis) da samyaros gaerTianeba (adamia-nic xom samyaros nawilia). es ki, rac sabolood imis mo-maswavebeli iyo, rom xilul sinamdviles ndoba ecxadeboda da masSi Rirebulis danaxvis SesaZlebloba Cndeboda.

bunebrivia, plotines Tvalsazrisis misamarTiT Sem-degi kiTxvis dasma: Tuki adamianis umaRlesi daniSnuleba RmerTTan gaerTianeba-Serwymaa, maSin ratom ar Cerdeba maradiulad aseT mdgomareobaSi? amis mizezi, plotines azriT, aris sxeuli. adamiani Sedgeba rogorc sulis, ise sxeulisgan da misgan gaTavisufleba xdeba droebiT. ga-rkveuli drois Semdeg sxeuli aiZulebs mas, daubrundes

1 plotine. IV eneada, me-9 wigni, $9.2 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis mkvlevari a. Stokli,

rodesac maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobas ganixilavs, aRniSnavs, rom samyaroSi RmerTis transcendenturobisa da imanenturobis Serigeba aris rogorc ekhartis, ise neoplatonikosebis amocana. ix. А.Штёкль.Историясредневековойфилософии.М., 1912, gv. 92.

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Tavis adrindel mdgomareobas1. aq plotines mxedvelobaSi aqvs eqstazi. RmerTis wvdoma, Wvreta SesaZlebelia mxo-lod eqstazis mdgomareobaSi. eqstazi, plotines mixedviT, garkveuli drois manZilze grZeldeba da swored imis gamo, rom adamiani sxeulis Semcvelia, ar ZaluZs im mdgomareo-baSi maradiulad darCena.

aq aRniSnulis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamo-Tqvams e. celeri, romlis ATanaxmad, plotinesTan RvTa-ebrivi gamovlena miiRweva mxolod momentaluri aqtiT, rogorc garegani abstraqciis produqti. maSin gamodis, rom RmerTTan es gaerTianeba Sedgeba erTeuli momente-bisgan. aq, erTi SexedviT, winaaRmdegobac unda iyos: suli, RmerTTan Serwymisas, amave dros, imyofeboda adamianis sxeulSi. celeris azriT, aq araviTari winaaRmdegoba ar gvaqvs. Pplotones gansazRvrebiT, amgvar monacvleobaSi (cvalebadobaSi) mJRavndeba sulis namdvili buneba – suli Tavisi zegrZnobadi cxovrebisas imyofeba sxeulebrivSic2. adamianma grZnobadsa da zegrZnobads Soris yofna rom ga-naxorcielos, saWiroa raRac Sualeduri rgoli, romlis drosac suli miwieri cxovrebis gagrZelebisas amaRldeba grZnobadze. aseTi mdgomareobis miRweva religiaSi SeiZle-ba. celeri aRniSnavs, rom swored aRniSnulis gamo ploti-nes mimdevrebi gansakuTrebul simpaTias iCendnen religiis mimarT3.

plotines filosofiis amgvari dalageba, rogorc aq movaxdineT, erT garkveul mizans emsaxureboda. kerZod, plotines filosofiaSi win wamoweul iqna yvela is mo-menti, romlebic amzadebs plotineseul misticizms. Cvens mizans Seadgenda gveCvenebina, rom plotines filosofiaSi mocemuli Tvalsazrisi aucileblobiT moiTxovs mistika-

1 plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $10.2 E.Zeller.DiePhilosophiederGriechen in ihrergeschichtlichenEntwiklung.

Leipzig,1875,Th.3,Abt.2,gv. 613. 3 iqve, gv. 618.

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ze gadasvlas, romelic ZiriTadad filosofiuri codnis arasrulyofilebiT aris gamowveuli. amasTan, plotines misticizmi gansxvavdeba religiurisgan swored imiT, rom igi filosofiuri xasiaTs atarebs. kerZod, plotinesTan RmerTis mistikuri Wvretis aucilebel pirobas warmoad-gens azrovnebis meSveobiT pirvelmizezis `gawmenda~ (nega-cia) mcdari saxelebisgan.

plotines misticizmis Sefasebisas aseve didi roli eniWeba Tavisuflebis sakiTxis garkvevas. unda aRiniSnos, rom, rodesac plotines misticizmis (da saerTo misticiz-mis) progresulobas Seexeba saqme, pirvel rigSi, mxedvelo-baSi unda iqnes miRebuli plotines mier misticizmis dakav-Sireba adamianis TavisuflebasTan. yvelaferi, razedac iyo msjeloba, plotines msoflmxedvelobaze Semdegi daskvnis gakeTebis uflebas iZleva: filosofiuri codna araa sakma-risi adamianis ATavisuflebis ganxorcielebisTvis, amitomac saWiroa sxva gzebis Zieba. pirvelmizezis mistikuri Wvreta aris swored amgvari gzaa. mistikuri Wvre tis Tvis saWiroa uaris Tqma imaze, rac `miwisaken gvezi deba~. Tuki SevZlebT amas, maSin isev CvenSi aRmovaCenT RmerTs, gavuerTianebdiT mas. `sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisufleba~ da `RmerTTan gaer-Tianeba~ aris adamianis umaRles Tavisufleba. aRniSnuliT naTladaa warmoCenili plotines moZRvrebis eTikuri prin-cipi: adamianis umaRlesi daniSnulebas warmoadgens Rmer-Tisken miswrafeba. Ees aris adamianis miswrafeba umaRlesi Tavisuflebisken, romlis meSveobiTac adamiani TviTon xdeba Tavisufali da srulyofili (RmerTi xom umaRlesi Tavisuflebaa plotinesTan)1.

am gzaze adamianma, erTi mxriv, unda Camoicilos yve-la is Tviseba, romelic mas xels uSlis pirvelmizezisken miswrafebisas, xolo, meore mxriv, TviT pirvelmizezs unda Camoacilos is saxelebi (predikatebi), romlebic TviT ada-

1 plotine. VI eneada, me-8 wigni, $$3, 4, 7, 15, 16, 21.

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mianis mieraa miwerili RmerTze. am pirobebis dakmayofile-bis Semdeg adamians gza exsneba namdvili Tavisuflebisken.

germaneli mklevari k. hase aRniSnavs, rom plotinesTan yovelgvari eTikuri miswrafeba aris sxeulebrivisgan ga-Tavisufleba, magram plotine ar qadagebs asketizms1.

plotines misticizms did yuradRebas aqcevs rusi mkvle vari p. blonski, romelic plotines filosofiisad-mi miZRvnil specialur monogrofiaSi aRniSnavs, rom plo-tines ZiriTadi eTikuri moTxovna RmerTTan gaerTianebaa, risTvisac saWiroa materialuri sinamdvilidan gandgoma. es moTxovna, p. blonskis azriT, iyo jer kidev platonTan.

p. blonski wers, rom platonis mixedviT, RmerTTan ga-erTianeba SeiZleba sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisuflebiT. pla-tonis Tvalsazrisi Semdgom gaaRrmava aristotelem. man aCvena, rom RmerTTan adamianis damsgavseba aris adamianis inteleqtualizacia, adamianSi gonebis gamarjveba ki aris sikeTisken svla. aristoteles azriT, inteleqtualuri cxovreba saerTod cxovrebaze (sicocxleze) uaris Tqma ki ar aris, aramed yvelaze srulyofili, yvelaze maqsimaluri cxovrebaa.

p. blonskis azriT, platonma da aristotelem aRweres sikeTe, rogorc transcendenturi principi, RmerTi ki ro-gorc absolituri aqtivoba, magram maT araferi uTqvamT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xdeba sakuTriv adamiani aqtiuri RmerTTan damsgavsebis procesSi da rogor eufleba igi transcendentur sikeTes. es nakli, blonskis azriT, Se-avso plotinem, romelic qmnis filosofiuri cxovrebis sistemas. mis morals mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc filoso-fiuri cxovrebis damfuZneblis morals. blonskis azriT, plotine arc momavali spinoza da kantia, romelTac zneo-brivi sawyisis abosolutizacia moaxdines da arc filonia, romelic, agreTve, aRniSnavda WvretiT cxovrebis Sesaxeb da, romelsac asketizmi esmoda, rogorc efeqtebisa da

1 K.Hasse.VonPlotinzuGoethe.Jena,1912,gv. 77.

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materialuri kmayofilebis winaaRmdeg brZola. filonis ber-monazvnuri moralisgan gansxvavdeba plotines filo-sofiur-inteleqtualuri morali. filoni ver mivida inte-leqtis, rogorc umaRlesi sicocxlis gagebamde. plotines-Tan ki, blonskis azriT, sikeTis miRweva SeiZleba mxolod sakuTari gonebiT. plotinesTvis filosofias upirvelesad moraluri mniSvneloba aqvs. marTalia, plotine, rogorc asketi, ar uaryofs ganwmendas, magram igi asketizmis ab-solutizaciis winaaRmdegia 1.

rogorc hases, ise blonskis mosazrebaSi naTlad Cans, rom plotines filosofia, marTalia, ar gamoricxavs reli-giur momentebs, magram misi ZiriTadi xazi filosofiuria. es saerTo tendencia gasdevs plotines Tvalsazriss mis-ticizmis Sesaxeb, romelsac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, didi gavlena hqonda Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaze. plotines mis-ticizmis gavlenas ganicdida rogorc religiuri, ise fi-losofiuri msoflmxedvelobani, maT Soris areopagituli moZRvrebac.

2. areopagituli misticizmiareopagituli misticizmis ganxilvisas angariSgasawe-

via a. briliantovis mosazreba, romlis mixedviT, fsevdo--dionise areopagelTan mistikuri Wvretis mizani Tavis TavSia mocemuli – absolutTan gaerTianeba. masSi (e. i. mis-tikur WvretaSi) kmayofildeba gonebis Cveulebrivi gziT daukmayofilebeli miswrafeba miuwvdomelisken. mistikuri Wvretisas gonebas RmerTi eZleva, rogorc arseboba. yo-velive amis miRweva gonebas diskursiuli azrovnebiT ar SeuZlia. goneba mistikur WvretaSi poulobs damSvidebas. aseTia fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan spekulaturi misti-kis meTodika, romelic gamoirCeva obieqturi xasiaTiT, yo-velgvari fsiqologiuri ganmartebebis gareSe, rogorsac gansakuTrebiT warmoadgens gviandeli xanis dasavleTis

1 П.Блонский. dasax. naSr., gv. 86-91.

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mistika. a. briliantovis azriT, berZnuli geniis miswrafe-bis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTi arsad ise ar asaxu-la, kerZod, ekstatikur Wvretis moZRvrebaSi, rogorc es fsevdo-dionises aqvs. RmerTisken miswrafebis gza aris wminda logikuri, romelic TandaTanobiT maRldeba abs-traqciebiT1.

a. briliantovis aRniSnuli mosazreba bevris mTqme-lia. amasTan, avtori fsevdo-dionises misticizms axasia-Tebs, rogorc Teoriul-inteleqtualurs. Tu gavixsenebT plotines misticizmis filosofiur xasiaTs, bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva am punqtSi plotines TvalsazrisTan fse-vdo-dionises Tvalsazrisis siaxloveze. SevecdebiT imis Cvenebas, rom areopagituli misticizmi amgvari daskvnis SesaZleblobas iZleva da amasTan, am sakiTxSi fvsevdodio-nises winamorbedia plotine.

areopagituli misticizmis gasaRebs iZleva fsevdo-dionises Sexeduleba filosofiasa da RvTismetyveleba-ze, kerZod, is, rom filosofiis mizans Seadgens garkveva, srulyofa, mecnieruloba..., xolo RvTismetyvelobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gamouTqmeloba, rwmena, mesaidumloeba: `viTarmed orsaxe ars RmerTis-metyuelTa sity¢s momce-melooba¡: romelime gamouTqumeli da saidumlo¡, xolo romelime saxis-SemoRebiTi da srul yofiTi; da romelime usaCinoesi da umecnieresi, xolo romelime sibrZnis moyua-rebiTi da gamoCinebiTi; da Tana-SeTxzul arian TqumulTa Tana uTqmelni da romelime Tana-Sekrul ars rwmunebsa da TqumulTa WeSmaritebasa xolo romelime iqm da daamyarebs RrmTisad uswavleliTa mesaidumloebiTa“2. areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili naTlad aCvenebs, rom avtors erT-maneTisgan gamijnuli aqvs filosofiisa da RvTismetyve-lebis sferoebi. amasTan, miTiTebulia im specifikur niS-nebze, rac damaxasiaTebelia filosofiisTvis (`sibrZnis

1 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 169.2 areopagitika. epistole – `tites mimarT~. gv. 251-252.

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moyvareoa~, `warmoCineba~...) da RvTismetyvelebisTvis (`ga-mouTqmeloba~, `mesaidumloeba~).

yuradRebas imsaxurebs fvsedo-dionises mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom RvTismetyvelebis erTi dargi iZleva garkveul codnas swavlis gareSe – `mesaidumloebis~ gziT (`iqms da daamyarebs RvTisad uswavleliTa mesaidumloebi-Ta~). aq, rogorc vxedavT, fsevdo-dionise iZleva mistikis ganmartebas, romlis arsebasac Seadgens RmerTis `xedva~ ara codnis safuZvelze, aramed `mesaidumloebiT~. es `me-saidumloeba~ sxva araferia, TuU ara RmerTis wvdoma mis-tikuri Wvretis gziT.

fsevdo-dionises mier filosofiisa da RvTismetyve-lebis gamijvna, romelic mocemulia epistoleSi `tites mimarT~, avtoris im saerTo Tvalsazrisis dasrulebaa, romlis mixedviTac filosofiuri codna da RvTismetyvele-bis principebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. fsevdo -dionise misi filosofiuri Txzulebis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ dasasruls aRniSnavs, rom igi amTavrebs msjelobas RvTa-ebrivi saxelebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Secnobadia da unda gadavides RvTismetyvelebaze: `da ese iyavn Cuen mier sac-naurTa maT RmrTis saxelebia dasasruli, ra¡Ta me winaZRo-miTa RmrTisa¡Ta saxis-SemoRebiTisa RmrTis-metyuelebisa mimarT mivicvalo~1. aRniSnulidan naTlad Cans, rom fsev-do-dionise areopagels yvelgan naTlad aqvs gaazrebuli rogorc filosofiuri moRvaweobis, ise RvTismetyvelebis daniSnuleba.

fsevdo-dionisesTvis filosofia da RvTismetyveleba sxvadasxva sferos ekuTvnis. gansxvavebulia maTi meTode-bic. filosofiis sfero aris codna, xolo RvTismetyve-lebisa – rwmena: filosofia moqmedebs codnis meTodebiT, xolo RvTismetyveleba mistikiT. fsevdo-dionises misti-kisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xa-siaTi.


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areopagituli misticizmis arsis gasagebad ganvixiloT sakiTxTa iseTi wre, romelSic naCvenebia mTeli sinamdvi-lis swrafva RmerTisken. am mxriv mniSvnelovania fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi arsebaTa ukudabrunebis Sesaxeb. mTeli sinamdvile Tavisi arsebebiT mimarTulia, miiswra-fvis RmerTisken; aq isic unda gvaxsovdes, rom RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, mizezicaa da mizanic.

arsebebis ukudabruneba da gaerTianeba RmerTTan did mniSvnelobas iZens neoplatonur filosofiaSi. am gzas mihyveba fsevdo-dionisec. am ukanasknelis mixedviT, si-keTe (igulisxmeba pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) aris umaRlesi sawyisi, romlisganac warmoiSva yovelive arsebuli. igi aris yvela arsebulis safuZveli, `...da viTarca sityuani werilTani ity¢an, saxiereba¡ (sikeTe, pirvelmizezi, – m. m.) ars, romlisagan yoveli daibada da ars, viTarca mizezi-sagan yovelTa momyvanebelisa~1. amasTan, yvela arsebuli miiswrafvis misken, rogorc miznisaken. fsevdo-dionises-Tan arsebulTa miswrafeba, gaerTianeba RmerTTan specifi-kuri TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba, kerZod: azrobrivi ar-sebebi RmerTTan erTiandeba Semecnebis unaris meSveobiT, grZnobadi arsebebi – SegrZnebebis meSveobiT. is arsebebi, romelTac grZno badoba ar gaaCniaT, RmerTisken miiswra-fvis maTSi arsebuli sicocxlis aRmZvreli surviliT, ro-melTac arc Semecnebis unari gaaCniaT, arc SegrZnebebi da arc sicocxlisken miswrafeba. isini RmerTTan erTiande-bian arsebobiT, ufro sworad, TviT maTi arsebobis faqti niSnavs, rom isini ukve RvTaebrivni arian: `da romlisa mi-marT yovelni miiqcevian, viTarca T¢sisa TiToeulisa maTi-sa aRsasrulisa, da romlisa suris yovelTa: sacnauri ukue da sity¢erTa – mecnierebiT, xolo grZnobadTa – grZnoba-dobiT da unawiloTa grZnobisagan maT Soris danerguliTa miT aRZvriTa cxovlobisa survilisaiTa, xolo ucxovloTa


145

da mxolod arsTa oden-mxolod arsebiTiTa oden simarj¢sa mimRebelobiTa~.1

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTTan sinamdvilis miswra-febisa da gaerTianebis amgvari suraTi Sua saukuneebis religiur filosofiaSi gamonakliss warmoadgens. marTa-lia, neoplatonizmSi aRiarebulia arsebaTa aucilebeli miswrafeba RmerTisadmi, magram maTTan gadaulaxav siZ-neled rCeba materialuri sinamdvilis kavSiri RmerTTan. fsevdo-dionise ki garkveulad agvarebs am siZneles, roca grZnobad da usulo sinamdviles RvTaebasTan dakavSirebu-lad warmoadgens. sinamdvilis RmerTTan miswrafebis amgva-ri suraTi, Cveni azriT, amzadebs safuZvels mistikuri WvretisTvis. arsebaTa aq aRniSnuli miswrafeba RmerTisken mistikis daSvebis gareSe gaugebari xdeba. Tuki mxedvelo-baSi miviRebT im garemoebasac, rom adamiani sinamdvilis nawilia, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom sinamdvilis aq aRniSnu-li miswrafeba RmerTisadmi gulisxmobs adamianis miswra-febasac. es miswrafeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mistikuri Wvretis meSveobiT, magram amisTvis saWiroa mosamzadebeli safexuri, romelic gonebis aqtiurobas moiTxovs. aqedan ukve gasagebia areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-inte-leqtualuri xasiaTi. aq Zneli aRaraa davinaxoT fsevdo- dionises msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove plotines filoso-fiasTan.

rogorc aRvniSneT, plotines mixedviT, rodesac gvaqvs miswrafeba pirvelmizezisken, maSin, pirvel rigSi, dabrune-ba xdeba uSualo winmaval mizezSi da a. S. vidre pirvelmi-zezamde. areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmadac, jer xdeba dabruneba uSualo mizezSi, romlisganac warmoSobilia esa Tu is arseba.2

amasTan, es mkacri logikuri gza, romelic damaxasiaTe-belia arsebaTa ukudabrunebisas, cxads xdis areopagituli


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misticizmis Teoriul-inteleqtualur xasiaTs. es principi fsevdo-dionises plotinesgan unda hqondes SeTvisebuli.

areopagituli misticizmis arsebis gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs apofatikuri (uaryofiTi) meTodiT miRe-buli daskvnebis ganxilvas. areopagitikaSi mocemuli Rmer-Tis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba gveubneba, rom pirvelmizezis gamoTqma, gonebiT gaazreba SeuZlebelia. misi gadmocema SeiZleba ise, rogorc mocemulia `saRvTo werilSi~. is, rom RmerTi, Seumecneblia, Cveni gonebisTvis miuwvdomelia, gasagebia, magram iqneb aris arseba, romelsac misi codna ZaluZs? aseTi arseba, fsevdo-dionises azriT, TviT pir-velmizezia (RmerTi), mxolod mas SeuZlia hqondes codna Tavis Tavis Sesaxeb1.

xilul sinamdvileSi arsebul arsebebs gaaCniaT idea-luri sawyisebi. es ideebi maradiulia da dakavSirebulia pirvel mizezebTan. magram maT Soris mainc gamoirCeva pir-velmizezi – RmerTi, romelic, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ar gamoiTqmeba, arc moiazreba da a. S. `da yovelTa mogoneba-Tagan mougonebel ars zeSTagonebisa igi erTi; da gamou-Tqmel ars yovlisa sity¢sagan zeSTasity¢sa igi saxiereba¡... sityva¡ gamouTqmeli, utyueba¡, mougonebloba¡...~.2 Rmer-Tis, rogorc substanciis, srulyofilebazea laparaki aq. es adgili Semdegi interpretaciis safuZvels iZleva: Rmer-Ti, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, imdenad aRemateba misgan gamosul arsebebs, rom misi daxasiaTeba SeuZlebe-lia, vinaidan TviT igia umaRlesi goneba, umaRlesi sityva (`goneba mougonebeli~, `sityva¡ gamouTqmeli~). mxolod am azriT xasiaTdeba RmerTi uaryofiTad, romelic agreTve, pirvelmizezis dadebiT daxasiaTebasac Seicavs. amitom aq da sxva msgavs SemTxvevaSi mocemuli RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba ver CaiTvleba RmerTis negaciad. aq ar unda moxdes aRreva RmerTis absolutur negacias, romelsac

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5-6.2 iqve, gv. 6.

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adgili aqvs areopagitikaSi, da uaryofiT daxasiaTebas So-ris, rogorc codnis meTodTan.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi uaryofiT meTods da Rmer-Tis negacias Soris rom gansxvavebaa, amas adasturebs fse-vdo-dionises is Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTi yvelganaa, yvelaferSi Seicnoba; amasTan, RmerTi arsad araa, misi arc codna SeiZleba, arc gamoxatva mis Sesaxeb, arc raimes Tqma SeiZleba. bolos ki fsevdo-dionise Tavis am saintereso msjelobas amTavrebs winaaRmdegobiT savse debulebiT. RmerTi yvelaferSia da araferSi, yvelaferSi Seimecneba da amave dros, araferSi, `da yovelTa Soris yo-vel ars da arca erTsa ras Soris arara¡~1. aq eWvgareSea, rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelis gansjis obieqtia RmerTi, rogorc filosofiuri substancia, rogorc srulyofile-bis umaRlesi forma. am SemTxvevaSi RmerTi rogorc umaR-lesi srulyofileba, yvela arsebis mizezi da safuZvelia. yvela arsebaSi aris RvTaebrivi kvali. amitomac SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom RmerTi yvelaferSia da igi yvelaferSi Seic-noba.

amasTan, RmerTi, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, ver gamovlindeba arasrulyofilebaSi, amitomac mis Sesaxeb Cven unda vTqvaT, rom igi arsad da araferSi ar Seicno-ba. es ki aris RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba. magram, es uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, ar aris RmerTis is negacia, ro-melic sabolood negatiuri Teologiis saxes miiRebs. aq Cven saqme gvaqvs RmerTis uaryofiT daxasiaTebasTan, ro-gorc codnis meTodTan, ufro sworad, codnis dadebiTi meTodis sapirispiro uaryofiT meTodTan. amas adasturebs RmerTis Semdegnairi daxasiaTeba areopagitul moZRvreba-Si: RmerTi samyaroSia, samyaros gareTaa, umaRlesi arsebaa, mzea, varskvlavia, cecxlia, haeria, Rrubelia, kldea, lo-dia, yovelive amaTgania da arc erTi amaTgani. RmerTis Se-saxeb ityvian, rom igi aris `sofelsa Sinad, soflisa gared,


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soflisa zemTad, zeSTacaTad, zeSTaarsebisad, mzed, var-skulavad, cecxlad, wylad, qarad, cuarad, Rrublad, lo-dad da klded, yovlad-yovlad da arca erTad maT yovel-Taganad1. aq yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom, Tuki erT SemTxvevaSi RmerTs yvela arsebis saxeli miewereba, amave dros iqve, imave ZaliT uariyofa (Camoscildeba) es saxeli. RmerTis es uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, romelic uSualod mo-hyveba dadebiTs, sxva araferia, Tu ara codnis meTodi. am mosazrebis dasadastureblad areopagituli moZRvrebidan mravali adgilis damowmeba SeiZleba.

Cven mier zemoaRniSnuli srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom areopagitul moZRvrebaSi adgili ara aqvs negatiur Teologias, romlis safuZvelzedac Sendeba areopagituli misticizmi. fsevdo-dionise, roca erTmaneTisgan mijna-vs filosofiasa da RvTismetyvelebas, naTlad miuTiTebs mistikur gzaze, romelic RmerTis wvdomis saSualebaa da romelic am wvdomas amkvidrebs codnaze gverdis avliT. areopagituli Tvalsazrisis gadasvla mistikaze iqidanac Cans, rom, Tuki ZiriTadad ufro filosofiur TxzulebaSi (`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~) da agreTve, mistikur Teologia-Si erTmaneTs ar upirispirebs dadebiT da uaryofiT meTo-debs, `zeciur ierarqiaSi~ uSualod miuTiTebs dadebiTi meTodis naklovanebaze da upiratesobas aniWebs RmerTis uaryofiT daxasiaTebas da eWvs gamoTqvams dadebiTi meTo-dis Sesaxeb. yovelgvari aRniSvna da codna RmerTis Sesaxeb mcdaria, `da yoveli sityva¡ Ada goneba¡ Tana Seutyueblad daklebul arian msgavsebisagan misisa~2.

areopagitikis mixedviT, RvTaebrivi saidumloebis Se-saxeb ufro mets gveubneba is gansazRvrebebi, romlebic mas uaryofiTad axasiaTebs, vinaidan RvTaebis mimarT uke-Tesia vTqvaT, rac igi ar aris. `...raJams SeusazRvrebel da ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden mas, romelTagan ara ra¡

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 12.2 iqve, `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

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igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars, esoden moeswa¢ebis, romeli ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~1.

fsevdo-dionises es varaudi RmerTis uaryofiT da-xasiaTebaze Semdgom kategoriul saxes iRebs. avtoris azriT, katafatika ar gamodgeba RmerTis daxasiaTebisTvis; mxolod uaryofis gzaa WeSmariti da RmerTis bunebis gad-momcemi, `xolo ukuTqumani uWeSmarites arian saRmrToTa zeda~2. fsevdo-dionises mier RmerTis uaryofiT daxasia-Tebis upiratesobis miniWeba areopagituli misticizmis dasawyisia. swored am debulebiT iwyeba areopagitika-Si misticizmze gadasvla. RmerTis imgvari daxasiaTebebi, romlebSic dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba, ganekuTvneba filosofiis sferos. rodesac avtori ityvis, rom dadebiTi meTodi, ese igi, RmerTze ar-sebaTa saxelebis miwera ar Seesabameba mis bunebas da saWi-roa arsebaTa saxelebis Camocileba (negacia), cxadi xdeba, rom amiT areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gza exsneba misticizms. negaciaze upiratesobis miniWebiT fsevdo-dionise gzas uxsnis RmerTis absoluturad uaryofiT daxasiaTebas (ne-gatiuri Teologia), romelic ukve gamoricxavs yovelgvar dadebiT daxasiaTebas.

fsevdo-dionise areopageli iZleva RmerTis absolu-turad uaryofiT daxasiaTebas. pirvelmizezis arc codna SeiZleba, arc gamoxatva, mis Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT, masze mxolod uaryofiTi predikatebis miwera SeiZleba. pirvelmizezi arc saxea, arc xati, arc ixileba sadme, arc adgili gaaCnia, arc grZnobadi raime gaaCnia, rom SevexoT, arc naklovanebas Seicavs da a. S.3

momdevno TavSi ufro naTlad da mkveTradaa gadmo-cemuli negatiuri Teologiis safuZvlebi. fsevdo-dioni-se pirvelmizezidan, RmerTidan gamoricxavs sapirispiro

1 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 228.

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niSnebsac (mag., sidide-simcire); umaRlesi pirvelsawyisi arc sulia, arc goneba, arc ocneba, arc neba, arc gamo-xatva SeiZleba misi da arc codna, igi arc ricxvia, arc sidide, arc simcire, arc msgavseba da arc umsgavsoba, arc dgas, arc iZvris; mas arc Zala gaaCnia da arc arseba, arc droSia, arc WeSmaritebaa, arc sibrZne, arc Zeoba da arc mamoba, igi araferia imgvari, rasac Cven vicnobT; igi arc sibnelea da arc sinaTle da a. S. amgvarad, aq gadmocemu-lia areopagituli misticizmis arsi. Tuki aq aRniSnuls SevadarebT RmerTis im uaryofiT daxasiaTebas, romelze-dac cota zemoT gvqonda saubari, kargad Cans RmerTis aq mocemul negaciasa da apofatikas, rogorc codnis meTods Soris gansxvaveba. n. berdiaevis mosazreba, romlis Tanaxma-dac, erTis plotiniseulma negaciam kolosaluri gavlena moaxdina qristianul metafizikazeo, gamarTlebas poulo-bs areopagitikis magaliTzec. amis Sesaxeb TviT berdiaevic miuTiTebs. Cveni mxriv davamatebT, rom mxolod RmerTis axla ganxiluli negacia momdinareobs plotines filoso-fiidan. swored amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs germaneli mkvleva-ri k. kremeri1.

fsevdo-dionise areopageli traqtatSi – `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~ aRniSnavs, rom Cveni msjelobani pirvelmizezis Sesaxeb arc arafers matebs da arc arafers aklebs mis namdvil bunebas, vinaidan igi yovelgvar mate-basa da klebaze maRla mdgomia, `aramed Semdgomad missaRa vhyofT matebasa da moklebas da mas Tavadsa arc ras vhma-tebT arca ras movaklebT. vina¡Tgan zeSTa yovelTa mateba-Ta ars yovliT kerZo¡ erTobiTi mizezi yovelTa¡ da zeSTa yovelTa moklebaTa martivad zeSTagardafenili yovelTa¡ da mier kerZo¡ yovelTa¡~2. erT momentsac unda mieqces aq yuradReba: ganxiluli traqtatis dasawyisSi fsevdo-

1 K.Kremer.DieneoplatonischeSeinsphilosophieundihreWirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Leiden,E.J.Brill,1966,gv. 282.


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dionise laparakobs dadebiTsa da uaryofiT meTodebze, romlebic Taviseburad ganmartaven RmerTs. marTalia, es meTodebi verafers gveubnebian RmerTis WeSmariti bune-bis Sesaxeb, magram maT garkveul sferoSi, kerZod, codnis sferoSi, Zala aqvT. imave traqtatis boloSi ki, rogorc vnaxeT, codnis meTodebs warTmeuli aqvT yovelgvari da-niSnuleba, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom areopagitul moZR-vrebaSi misticizms gza xsnili aqvs.

areopagituli moZRvrebis avtori pasuxs iZleva Semdeg kiTxvaze: – pirvelmizezis absoluturad uaryofiTi daxa-siaTeba mis naklovanebaze xom ar miuTiTebs? es uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba rom mis naklovanebaze miuTiTebdes, maSin yo-velgvari azri daekargeboda negatiuri Teologiis mniSvne-lobas. fsevdo-dionises azriT, es absoluturad uaryofi-Ti daxasiaTeba swored pirvelmizezis srulyofil bunebas aCvenebs. Cven rodesac pirvelmizezs, rogorc gonebis ara-mqones vuwodebT, es srulebiT ar niSnavs, rom igi naklova-nia. piriqiT, amas swored imis gamo vambobT, rom vaCvenoT misi zeaRmatebuleba. es imis msgavsia, rodesac umaRles srulyofilebas vuwodebT usasrulos, `rameTu ugonebo¡ da ugrZnobeloba¡ ara moklebiTad, aramed zeSTaaRmatebi-Tad iTqumoden RmrTisaT¢s, viTar-igi usityuobasa vuty¢T SezTasityuaobisaT¢s da usasrulobasa zeSTasrulisaT¢s..~1.

rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, fsevdo-dionise iZle-va pirvelmizezis – RmerTis absolutur negacias. abso-RmerTis absolutur negacias. abso- absolutur negacias. abso-luturad uaryofiTad daxasiaTebuli pirvelmizezi aris srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, romlis wvdomac mxolod mistikaSia SesaZlebeli.

areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTi unda Semowmdes mistikuri Wvretis procesis aR-werisas. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, `zeciur ierarqiaSi~ fsev-do-dionise RmerTis dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan SedarebiT uaryofiTs ara mxolod upiratesobas aniWebs, aramed ab- ara mxolod upiratesobas aniWebs, aramed ab-


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solutur principadac acxadebs1. fsevdo-dionise exeba gonebis gaerTianebas RmerTTan. rogor da ra gziT xdeba gonebis gaerTianeba RmerTTan? fsevdo-dionises azriT, gonebis Sesvla (gaerTianeba pirvelmizezTan) SeiZleba mxo lod `umsgavsoebis~ meSveobiT. `xolo romel CvenTaca ufro¡s aRiyvaneben gamoCinebani igi umsgavsoebaTani~2. aq mocemul `umsgavsoebaSi~ igulisxmeba RmerTze miwerili misTvis Seusabamo predikatebi. amrigad, rogorc vxedav, fsevdo-dionise RmerTTan gaerTianebis erTaderT gzad miiCnevs pirvelmizezis negacias.

aq plotines filosofiasTan siaxlove eWvgareSea. plotinec xom cxadad miuTiTebs, rom pirvelmizezTan WeSmariti miaxloebis gza aris masSi im niSan-Tvisebis gamoricxva, rac mas ar ekuTvnis3. rac Seexeba a. brilian-tovis mosazrebas areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-in-teleqtualuri xasiaTis Sesaxeb, vfiqrobT, aq ganxiluli debuleba areopa gituli moZRvrebidan amis naTeli da-dasturebaa, vinaidan RmerTis wvdomis gzad miCneulia pir-velmizezis abstraqcia. amasve adasturebs fsevdo-dionis-es erTi mosazreba, romelic gamoTqmuli aqvs `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~-Si. goneba miiswrafvis pirvelmizezisaken. ma-gram es miswrafeba SesaZlebelia da ganxorcieldeba maSin, roca goneba moaxerxebs yovelgvari arsebulis Camocile-bas, rac masTanaa dakavSirebuli. mxolod maSinaa SesaZle-rac masTanaa dakavSirebuli. mxolod maSinaa SesaZle- masTanaa dakavSirebuli. mxolod maSinaa SesaZle-beli es gaerTianeba, `da ars kualad saRmrTo¡ igi mecnier-da ars kualad saRmrTo¡ igi mecnier-a ars kualad saRmrTo¡ igi mecnier-eba¡ RmrTi sa¡ ucnaurebisa mier cnobili zeSTagonebisa¡Ta SeerTebiTa, raJams goneba¡ yovelTa arsTagan ganeSoros da amissa Semdgomad Tavica T¢si dauteos da SeerTos zeSTabrwyinvaleTa maT SaravandedTa~4. fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi mis moZRvrebaSi arsebuli misticizmis

1 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.2 iqve.3 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $14.4 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

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filosofiuri bunebis naTeli dadasturebaa, kerZod, qristologiuri moZRvrebis SigniT, roca saubari exeba RmerTTan gaerTianebas, laparakia ara asketizmze, aramed abstraqciebze. amasTan, es abstraqciebi mkacr logikur CarCoebSia moqceuli. jer arsebulebis CamoSoreba, Semdeg TavisTvis ganyeneba da mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli pirvelmizezTan gaerTianeba.

aqamde Cven ZiriTadad vexebodiT sinamdvilis arse-bebis pirvelmizezisadmi miswrafebas, sinamdvilisa da pi-ebis pirvelmizezisadmi miswrafebas, sinamdvilisa da pi-is pirvelmizezisadmi miswrafebas, sinamdvilisa da pi-rvelmizezis erTianobis sakiTxs. adamiani sinamdvilis nawilia da, bunebrivia, rom sinamdvilis miswrafeba pirv-elmizezisken TavisTavad gulisxmobs adamianis miswrafeba-ken TavisTavad gulisxmobs adamianis miswrafeba- TavisTavad gulisxmobs adamianis miswrafeba-sac. metic, roca msjeloba exeba pirvelmizezis mistikur Wvretas, sabolood amis unari mxolod adamians gaaCnia. pirvelmizezis xilva mistikur WvretaSi mxolod adamians SeuZlia. ra pirobaa saWiro, rom amgvari xilva ganxor-cieldes? fsevdo-dionises azriT, RvTaebrivi saidumloeb-? fsevdo-dionises azriT, RvTaebrivi saidumloeb-T, RvTaebrivi saidumloeb-, RvTaebrivi saidumloeb-is wvdomisTvis saWiroa Tavis Tavis ganyeneba. mxolod amis Semdeg vixilavT mas. es asec unda gavakeToT, vinaidan um-c unda gavakeToT, vinaidan um- unda gavakeToT, vinaidan um-jobesia RvTaebrivad yofna, vidre adamianad: `amiT ukue ese-viTariTa saxiTa gulis£ma-iyofeboded saRmrToni said-saRmrToni said- said-umloni ara CuenbrobiT, aramed raJams yovelni Tavni T¢sni yovelTave T¢sagan ganvaSorneT da yovliTurT RmrTisad viqmnneT, rameTu umjobes ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa T¢sTad yofa¡~1.

pirvelmizezis misaRwevad grZnobadTan araviTari kavS-saRwevad grZnobadTan araviTari kavS-Rwevad grZnobadTan araviTari kavS-vad grZnobadTan araviTari kavS- grZnobadTan araviTari kavS-iri ar unda gvqondes. mxolod am gziT SeiZleba mistikuri WvretisTvis gzis gaxsna: `...yovlisave nivTierisa vnebisagan ganwmedilni sacnaurad da univTod erT-saxeobiT scnoben sacnaurebasa saRmrToTa saidumloTasa~2. es debuleba me-ore mxrivacaa saintereso. grZnobadobisagan ganwmendili


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arseba individualurad swvdeba pirvelmizezis saidumloe-bas.

fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, grZnobadi arse-bebisgan ganwmendili arseba aRwevs RmerTs da erTiandeba masTan. am gzaze adamiani Camoicilebs ra yvela imas, rac xels uSlis mistikur Wvretas, anu, rogorc plotine aRniS-kur Wvretas, anu, rogorc plotine aRniS-ur Wvretas, anu, rogorc plotine aRniS-as, anu, rogorc plotine aRniS-, anu, rogorc plotine aRniS-ine aRniS-ne aRniS-e aRniS- aRniS-navda, rac `miwisken ezideba~ da amis Semdeg dainaxavs sico-cxlis wyaros, romelic aris TviTmoZravi, martivi, TviT-moqmedi, Tavisi Tavis maradiuli mxedveli: `jer ars ukue TaviT T¢siT ganZurca¡ maTi SiSulad da wmidad saxilvel qmniTa; rameTu esreT mxedvelni msaxur viqmnneT wyarosa cxorebisasa. erTsa rasme Zalsa, martivsa, T¢TmoZravsa, T¢Tmoqmedsa... maradis Tavisa mier T¢sisa mxedvelsa Tavisa T¢sisasa~1.

sainteresoa areopagitikis avtoris azri RmerTTan `misvlis~ Sesaxeb. RmerTTan gaerTianeba ise ki ar unda gavigoT, rom is mogvyavs CvenTan, aramed, piriqiT, Tvi-Ton RmerTis meSveobiT mivdivarT masTan. `garna ara mas STamovizidavT, romeli zeca ars da queca, aramed mis mier aRviyvanebiT umaRlesTa maT mimarT mraval-naTelTa SaravandedTa brwyinvalebisa~2. aRniSnulis ukeT gasagebad magaliTicaa moyvanili. ise, rogorc Cven – navze msxdomni – kldeze mibmuli sabelis meSveobiT miviwevT kldisken, asea RmerTTan gaerTianebac. fsevdo-dionises es mosaz-reba sxva mxrivacaa saintereso. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, plotines azriT, RmerTi CvenSia, amitomac yvela Cvengans SeuZlia misi miRweva.3 fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixed-viT ki Cven viswrafviT da mivdivarT RmerTTan. vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Tvalsaz-risi ufro religiurisken ixreba. plotinesTan adamianSi RmerTis daSveba sxva araferia, Tu ara adamianisadmi ndo-

1 areopagitika. epistole – `tites mimarT~. gv. 250.2 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 26.3 plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $7.

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bis gamocxadeba, rac Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi udavod progresuli movlena iyo. am puqtSi plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis moZRvreba erTmaneTisgan gansxvavde-ba da amis mizezi unda iyos areopagitul moZRvrebaSi ar-sebuli religiuri nakadi.

Cven didi yuradReba davuTmeT areopagitul moZRvre-baSi arsebuli misticizmis filosofiur xasiaTs. mravali magaliTi moviyvaneT imis dasadastureblad, rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan, iseve rogorc plotines filosofi-aSi, RmerTis mistikuri WvretisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis uaryofiT daxasiaTebas. amasTan, RmerTamde amaRlebi-sTvis saWiroa yvela xelis SemSleli arsebebis Camocileba, romlebic `miwisken gvezideba~.

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagituli misticizmi araa Tavisufali wminda religiuri momentebisgan. aRniSnu-lis dadasturebaa areopagitikaSi ganxiluli ganwmendisa da locvis roli pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) wvdomisTvis.

areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, ganwmenda aris saSu aleba RmerTis wvdomisTvis. magaliTad, mose winas-warmetyvelma ganwmendis Semdeg SeZlo RvTaebrivi sai-dumloebebis xilva: `rameTu araTu litonad ebrZeba sak¢rvelsa moses, ra¡Ta pirvelad T¢T ganwmdes... da Sem-dgomad yovlisave ganwmedisa esmas mraval. £moba¡ igi say¢rTa¡ da ixilna naTelni mravalni...~1 am mxriv gansa-kuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs fsevdo-dionises mosaz-rebani, romlebic gamoTqmulia `zeciur ierarqiaSi~, sadac fsevdo-dionise exeba sasuliero mmarTvelobas (`mRdelT--dionise exeba sasuliero mmarTvelobas (`mRdelT-dionise exeba sasuliero mmarTvelobas (`mRdelT- exeba sasuliero mmarTvelobas (`mRdelT-mTavroba¡~), laparakobs maTi daniSnulebis Sesaxeb da a. S. TiToeuli sasuliero mmarTveloba avtors miaCnia RmerT-Tan damsgavseba, gaerTianeba. `rameTu TiToeulisa mRdelT-mTavrobisa wil-xudomilTa sruleba ars Zalisaebr T¢sisa

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224-225.

156

aRslva¡ msgavsebisa mimarT RmrTisa~1. amasTan, sasuliero mmarTvelobis wesis Tanaxmad, zogierTi unda ganiwmindos da zogierTi ganwmendili unda iyos, zogierTma naTeli unda miiRos, xolo zogierTi `srul-myofelad~ darCes. yo-velive eseni (ganwmenda, naTelReba, srulyofa) aris RmerT-Tan Sesabamisoba. faqtobrivad aq avtors is aqvs naTqvami, rom ganwmenda, naTelReba, srulyofa aris RmerTis wvdo-misTvis aucileblad gasavleli safexurebi.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi aseve didi roli eniWeba locvas, romelic gamocxadebulia RmerTTan misvlis saSu-alebad. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Cven locvis meSveobiT Se-vamzadebT Cven Tavs pirvelmizezTan misasvlelad, `...raJams vxadoT mas locviTa yovlad ubiwo¡Ta da SeumrRuevelo-biTa gonebisa¡Ta da ganmzadebiTa Tavisa¡Ta marjue yofad SeerTebisa mimarT RmrTisa~2. locviT miiRweva namdvili zeSTaarseba, yovlad srulyofileba, radganac mxolod locvaSia namdvili xilva pirvelmizezisa. aqac naTlad Cans, rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelis misticizmisTvis rogorc ganwmendis, ise locvis funqcia, religiuri daniS-nulebisaa.

sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom pirvelmizezis wvdomi-saTvis ganwmendasa da locvas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs plotinec3. magram plotinesTan ganwmendisa da locvis win aRniSnulia abstraqciis, analogiisa da negaciis roli RmerTis wvdomisTvis. rogorc ukve vnaxeT, fsevdo-dioni-sesTanac RmerTis negacia misi wvdomisTvis aucilebelia, magram es negacia da locva erTad ki araa ganxiluli, rogorc plotinesTan, aramed sxvadasxva adgilas. es imis maCvenebelia, rom, rodesac fsevdo-dionise areopageli exeba locvis daniSnulebas (gansakuTrebiT `zeciuri ier-

1 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTav ro bisaT¢s~. gv. 111.2 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 25.3 plotine. VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $36.

157

arqiaSi~), ueWvelia, rom aq RmerTis wvdomis religiuri gageba igulisxmeba.

Cven SevecadeT gveCvenebina, rom areopagituli mis-ticizmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaroa plotines filoso-fia, ufro sworad, plotines misticizmi. areopagituli misticizmi, rogorc vnaxeT, `Teoriul-inteleqtualur~ xasiaTTan erTad Seicavs religiur niSnebsac. ramdena-dac Cveni yuradReba gadatanili iyo areopagituli misti-cizmis filosofiur bunebaze, amdenad, SevexeT plotines filosofias, rac srulebiTac ar gamoricxavs areopagit-uli misticizmis sxva kuTxiT ganxilvas. kerZod, areop-agitul misticizmSi religiuri nakadis Cvenebas. am SemTx-vevaSi, mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis origenes, avgustines, eklesiis mamebisa (basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa da grigol noselis) da sxvaTa Sromebis ganxilvas da maTTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis garkvevas.

konkretulad raSi mJRavndeba am ori moazrovnis Tval-sazrisTa naTesaoba? rogorc plotinesTvis, ise fsevdo-dionise areopagelisTvis, pirvelmizezis saboloo Semec- areopagelisTvis, pirvelmizezis saboloo Semec-neba filosofiuri meTodebis safuZvelze SeuZlebelia. filosofia naklovania RmerTis saboloo wvdomisTvis. yo-velive amis gamo RmerTis saboloo wvdomisTvis daSvebulia mistikuri Wvreta. rogorc plotines, ise fsevdo-dionise areopagelis misticizmi emyareba negatiur Teologias. Tumca areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTis uaryofiTi daxa-siaTeba (apofatika), rogorc codnis meTodi, unda ganvasx-vaoT RmerTis absoluturi negaciisgan. pirvel SemTxvevaSi RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba – dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan erTad – codnis meTodia. meore SemTxvevaSi ki, saqme gvaqvs negatiuri Teologiis safuZvlebTan, romelsac sabolood emyareba areopagituli misticizmi.

plotines filosofiaSi RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis saWiroa abstraqcia, analogia, negacia, ganwmenda, locva. areopagitikaSic aRiarebulia, rom negacia da locva au-

158

cilebelia RmerTis wvdomisTvis. negaciis aRiareba aris rogorc plotines (p. blonski), ise fsevdi-dionise are-opagelis (a. briliantovi) misticizmis Teoriul-inte-leqtualuri xasiaTis maCvenebeli. amasTan, fsevdo-dioni-ses misticizmi ar Semoifargleba mxolod filosofiuri tendenciiT. kerZod, mis moZRvrebaSi aRwerili ganwmendisa da locvis procesi ufro religiisken ixreba.

plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan araa mow-esa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan araa mow-a da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan araa mow-odebuli asketizmi, romlis Sesaxebac aRniSnavdnen a. bril-iantovi, b. blonski. da k. hase. rogorc vxedavT, am sakiTx-Sic Cans am ori moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaTa siaxlove.

§ 3. prokles filosofia da areopagitika

1. winaswari SeniSvnebiSesavalSi aRniSnuli iyo prokles filosofiasTan

fsevdo-dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTeb-is garkvevis mniSvnelobaze. am mimarTebaze sayuradRebo azrs gamoTqvams Tavis droisTvis cnobili rusi mecnieri i. po po vi, romelic specialurad ikvlevda RvTismetyvelebis sa kiTxebs, Teologiisa da filosofiis urTierTmimarTebas da sxv.

i. popovs safuZvlianad aqvs garCeuli areopagituli Txzulebebis gviandeli warmoSobis Sinagani da garegani niSnebi. i. popovis azriT, Zveli drois qristianuli lit-eraturuli Sromebi Tavisufalia yovelgvari filosofi-uri gavlenisgan da maTi Sinaarsi bibliuria. areopagi-tikisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia mkacri filosofiuroba. i. po povi SeniSnavs agreTve, rom bolo wlebis (igulisxmeba XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebi, kerZod ki, h. koxisa da i. Stigl-mairis gamokvlevebi) detalurma mecnierulma analizma aCvena prokles filosofiisgan areopagitikis damokide-buleba1. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom prokles filosofia- unda aRiniSnos, rom prokles filosofia-

1 Православная богословская энциклопедия. Петроград, 1903, т. IV, gv. 1078-1079.

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sTan da areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis garkvevam mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula areopagituli Txzulebebis daweris drois dadgenaSi.

prokles filosofiasTan areopagitikis mimarTebis ganxilvisas mizanSewonilad migvaCnia plotines filoso-fiasTan prokles msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebis garkveva da gaTvaliswineba.

hegelis azriT, prokles Tvalsazrisi erTis TviTganvi-Tarebis Sesaxeb gansxvavdeba plotines azrisgan1. hegelis azriT, platonis `parmenideSi~ mocemuli negacia prok-les filosofiaSi pozitiur rols asrulebs2. aseve mniS-vnelovania hegelis mosazreba erTis Tavis Tavidan gas-vlaze prokles filosofiaSi, kerZod, erTis gasvla Tavis Tavidan xdeba potenciis siWarbis gamo3.

hegelis azriT, aRniSnuli proklesTan aristoteli-seulia. hegelis es mosazreba marTebuli ar unda iyos, vinaidan prokles uSualo winamorbedi aris plotine, romelTanac erTis Tavis Tavidan gasvlisa da arsebaTa warmoSobis safuZvelia srulyofilebis siWarbe4. hegeli miuTiTebs plotinesa da prokles TvalsazrisTa Soris arsebul arsebiT gansxvavebaze. is, rac uSualod erTidan momdinareobs, plotinesTan iwodeba gonebad, proklesTan ara. prokle gansxvavdeba plotinesgan imiTac, rom igi arss abstraqtul momentad ki ar aqcevs, aramed erTianad, prok-le erTs gansazRvravs ara rogorc arss, aramed erTians5. hegelis aRniSvniT, triaduli principi, romelic saerTo

1 Hegel.VorlesungenüberdieGeschichtederPhilosophie.Leipzig,1971,Bd.2,gv. 571.

2 iqve, gv. 527-528.3 iqve, gv. 529.4 plotine. V eneada, me-4 wigni, $1.5 Hegel. dasax. naSr., gv. 531-532.

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iyo neoplatonuri filosofiisTvis, proklesTan gansa-kuTrebiT daxvewili gaxda1.

antikuri filosofiis istoriis cnobili mkvlevris hainrix riteris azriT, prokle gatacebulia platoniT da es gataceba imdenad Sors midis, rom igi upirispird-eba plotines2. riteris Tanaxmad, erTisa da sikeTis dakav-Sireba prokles filosofiaSi plotinedan momdinareobs3. amasTan, proklesTan RvTaebrivi wesrigi danawevrebulia sxvadasxva RvTaebaSi, maSin rodesac plotinesTan erTi (RmerTi) upirispirdeba gonebisa da ideebis simravles. proklesTan goneba suls upirispirdeba, plotinesTan ki suli gonebaSi Sedis4.

antikuri filosofiis cnobili mkvlevris eduard cel-eris azriT, prokles Tvalsazrisi faqtobrivad aris ukve arsebuli moZRvrebis gadamuSaveba (igulisxmeba plotines filosofiuri sistema, – m. m.). prokles msoflmxedvelo-ba aris berZnuli filosofiis ara mxolod dasruleba, agreTve damakavSirebeli rgoli – berZnuli filosofi-is Sua saukuneebis mecnierebaSi gadasvlis maCvenebeli, romelic fsevdo-dionise areopagelis, ioane damaskelisa da kidev sxva berZeni Teologebis mecadineobiT bolomde iqna miyvanili5.

1 Hegel. dasax. naSr., gv. 530-531. aqve SevniSnavT, rom prokles filosofiaSi mocemuli triaduli principi da masTan da kav-Sirebuli yvela SesaZlebeli alternativa Rrmad da sa fuZv-lianad aqvs gaanalizebuli ioane petriws. ix. ioane petriwi. ganmarteba¡ proklesT¢s diadoxosisa da platonurisa fi-lo sofiisT¢s. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. $$ 25-35; amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. m. maxaraZe. mizezobriobis sakiTxi ioane petriwis filosofiaSi. `macne~, filosofiis .... seria, 1976, #1, gv. 54-58.

2 H.Ritter.GeschichtederchristlichenPhilosophie.Hamburg,1834,Th.IV,gv. 662.3 iqve, gv. 666.4 iqve, gv. 674.5 E.Zeller.DiePhilosophiederGriecheninihrergeschichtlichenEntwicklung.

Leipzig,1881.,Th.3,Abt.2. gv. 787.

161

prokles filosofiis mTavari azri – yvelafris er-Tisadmi daqvemdebareba (dakavSireba), erTidan simravlis gamomdinareoba da isev erTisadmi mimarTva, celeris az-riT, ukve mocemuli iyo plotines filosofiaSi. amasTan, prokles filosofia gamoirCeva TaviseburebebiT, rac mas ganasxvavebs winmavali filosofiuri sistemebisgan. yo-vel simravles, – ambobs prokle, – aqvs wili erTianoba-Si. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelas (e. i. arsebuls) winamavlad aqvs erTiani (erTi). yoveli erTianoba (erTi), amasTan, war-moSobs simravles. es warmoSoba aris ara dayofadobisa da gardaqmnis safuZvelze, aramed winamavlis (pirvelmizezis, – m. m.) srulyofilebis gamo. celeris aq motanili mosaz-reba pirvel rigSi imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom masSi naTlad Cans prokles filosofiaSi arsebuli plotiniseuli princ-ipebi.

celeris azriT, proklem Tavis triadul sistemas plo-tines mosazreba daudo safuZvlad1. celers mohyavs prok-les azri pirvelmizezze. Cven mis mimarT SegviZlia vico-deT ara is, Tu ra aris is, aramed ra ar aris2.

msgavs viTarebas vxdebiT areopagitikaSic. fsevdo-di-onise zeciur ierarqiaSi aRniSnavs, rom RvTaebrivi WeSmar-iteba, misi kanonzomiereba, zeSTaaRmatebulia yovelgvar arsebasa da cxovrebaze. mis Sesaxeb arsebuli yovelgvari azri ar Seesabameba mas da naklovania. mis Sesaxeb ufro imis Tqma SeiZleba, ra ar aris igi, vidre ra aris: `xolo odesme umsgavsoebiTaca saCinoebiTa maTve sityuaTa mier zeSTa soflisad igalobebis, raJams SeusazRvrebel da ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden mas, romelTagan ara ra¡ igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars, esoden moeswavebis, romeli ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~3.

1 E.Zeller. dasax. naSr., gv. 751.2 iqve, gv. 792. e. celeri aq imowmebs prokles komentarebs

platonis `parmenideze~.3 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

162

celeris aRniSvniT, yvela adreuli neoplatonikosis mixedviT, simravle uSualod erTidan momdinareobs, mxo-lod iambliqem daayena maT Soris meore sawyisi. prokle ufro Sors wavida, romlis mixedviTac, erTi warmoSobs mis analogiur simravles. SeiZleba agreTve, erTma zegr-Znobadi ricxvi warmoqmnas1.

proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mimarTebaze arsebul gamokvlevaTa Soris aRsaniSnavia germaneli mec-nierebis i. Stiglmairisa da h. koxis Sromebi.

i. Stiglmairis mosazrebis Tanaxmad, fsevdo-dionise areopageli Tavis moZRvrebas sikeTeze mTlianad iRebs proklesgan, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom igi qristianul `samoselSia~ gaxveuli2.

i. Stiglmairi Tavis gamokvlevaSi ZiriTadad aeropagi-tikisa da prokles filosofiis mimarTebas exeba, Tumca arc plotinesTan areopagitikis mimarTebas gamoricxavs3. avtoris azriT, proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis msgavseba SemdegSi mdgomareobs: argumentebis Camoya-libeba, gamoxatulebebis, Sedarebebisa da filosofiuri terminebis moxmareba. `dionises Txzuleba ufro nakleb srulyofilia proklesTan SedarebiT, igi ise mihyveba proklesas, rom aris misi naklovani recefcia~ (es azri sxva avtors ekuTvnis da motanilia Stiglmairis gamokvlevaSi avtoris dausaxeleblad). amis Semdeg avtori iRebs msgavs adgilebs prokles filosofiidan da areopagitikidan, ris

1 E.Zeller. dasax. naSr., gv. 793.2 i. Stiglmairis es mosazreba TavisTavad Zalze saintereso

da sayuradReboa. Tumca, aq dakonkreteba mainc saWiroa, kerZod: Tuki proklesTan sikeTeze moZRvreba mkacr logikur CarCoebSia moqceuli, maSin ise gamodis, rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan isev plotiniseuli Tavisufali stilia aRdgenili am sakiTxis gagebaSi (ra Tqma unda, qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis gaTvaliswinebiT).

3 J. Stiglmayr. Der Neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage des sogen. DionysiusAreopagitainderLehrevonUebel.München,1895,HYB16, gv. 755.

163

safuZvelzedac adgens prokles filosofiis gavlenas are-opagitul moZRvrebaze borotebis Sesaxeb.

XI s. bizantieli saeklesio moRvawe, Teologi nikoloz meToneli aRniSnavda: proklem `gaZarcva~ areopagituli moZRvrebao. albaT, es avtori hyavs mxedvelobaSi i. Stigl-i. Stigl-. Stigl-mairs, roca aRniSnavs: SeuZlebelia prokles ganviTare-buli, maRal doneze ayvanili Tvalsazrisi momdinareob-des dionises danawevrebuli, daukavSirebeli da `CanasaxSi myofi naazrevisagan, an kidev rogor SeiZleba, rom asli originalTan SedarebiT maRla mdgomi iyo?1 aq Stiglmairis mosazreba kritikas ver uZlebs. Tuki areopagitika mihyveba prokles filosofias (da es namdvilad asea) da amasTan, es moZRvreba `ganuviTarebelia~, `CanasaxSi myofia~, maSin ra aris misi Rirseba? es rom ase ar aris, amis dasadasture-blad fsevdo-dionise areopagelis wignis `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ moxseniebac sakmarisia, sadac mocemulia pirv-elmizezis (RmerTis) da samyaros mimarTebis yvela aspeqti, sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebuleba da kidev bevri sxva problema, romelic neoplatonurma filosofiam daayena. amasTan, areopagitikis avtori mTel rig punqtebSi Tavise-burad sZlevs neoplatonuri filosofiis siZneleebs da igi ganviTarebis axal safexurze ahyavs.

i. Stiglmairi prokles filosofiidan areopagitikis gamomdinareobis dasamtkiceblad kidev sxva sabuTebs mima-rTavs, romelic damajerebelia da misaRebic. avtoris az-riT, prokle Tavis Tvalsazriss aviTarebs sxva SromebSic, kerZod, komentarebSi platonis dialogebze (`parmenide~, `alkibiade~...), agreTve, `Teologiis pirvel safuZvlebSi“ da ayalibebs sakuTar filosofiur sistemas2.

Semdeg i. Stiglmairi gansjis sagnad ixdis borotebi-sa da materiis mimarTebas proklesTan da areopagitikaSi. prokles azriT, boroteba materiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

1 J.Stiglmayr.dasax. naSr., gv. 727.2 iqve, gv. 728.

164

araa1, vinaidan materia maradiulia da masSi aris mSvenier-eba. amasTan, rac arsebobs, arsebobs sikeTis safuZvelze. amitomac materia, rogorc maradiulad arsebuli, ar Sei-cavs borotebas. rogorc cnobilia, areopagituli moZ-Rvrebac uaryofs materiis borotebis wyarod gamocxade-bas. i. Stiglmairis es Tvalsazrisi miuTiTebs proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis TvalsazrisTa Tanxvedraze. amasTan, mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes is garemoebac, rom plotine, materiis borotebis wyarod gamocxadebis miuxedavad, sabolood mas (e. i. materias) maradiulad miiC-nevs.2 Tu is maradiulia, maSin SesaZlebelia masSi Rirebu-lis danaxva (sikeTe, mSveniereba...). plotines am Tvalsazri-sis ganviTarebaa proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Sexedulebani.

safuZvels moklebuli unda iyos i. Stiglmairis mosaz-reba, romlis Tanaxmadac, dionise ar saWiroebda plotines filosofias, vinaidan misTvis saintereso sakiTxebi moce-muli iyo proklesTan3.

daskvnaSi avtori aRniSnavs, rom dionisem moaxdina prokles qristianizacia. dionises Sromebis Sedareba prok-lesTan, erTi mxriv, da eklesiis mamebis (basil didi, gri-gol noseli, grigol nazianzeli) SromebTan, meore mxriv, naTels xdis, rom igi flobda Tavisi drois rogorc qris-tianul, ise neoplatonur literaturas4.

h. koxis azriT, areopagitika Tavisi formiTa da Sinaar-siT sruliad ar hgavs im drois mociqulTa Txzulebebs5; dionises borotebaze moZRvreba momdinareobs prokles Sromidan – de Maloruma subsistentia, romelic mxolod laT-

1 J.Stiglmayr.dasax. naSr., gv. 731.2 В.Виндельбанд.Историядревнейфилософии.СПБ,1908, gv. 306.3 J.Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 726.4 iqve, gv. 748.5 H.Koch.ProklusalsQuelledesPs.D.Areopagita inderLehrevomBösen.

Philologus,Götingen,1956,Bd.54, gv. 3.

165

inur enazea SemorCenili.H h. koxi fsevdo-dionises miiCnevs mistikis mamad. areopagituli mistikis safuZvelia prok-les filosofia. kerZod ki, misi komentarebi platonis parmenideze1.

naSromSi ganxilulia mSvenierebis sakiTxi fsevdo-di-onises filosofiaSi da naCvenebia misi siaxlove platonis, plotinesa da prokles TvalsazrisTan. avtori mistikuri xedvis Zirebs platonis dialogebSi eZebs (`fedrosi~, `respublika~, `Teeteti~...). koxTan, aseve vrcladaa ganxi-luli plotines mistika. aRniSnuli naSromebidan cxadi xdeba, rom areopagituli misticizmi saTaves erTi rome-lime avtorisgan ki ar iRebs, aramed bevrisgan (platoni, filoni, plotine, iambliqosi). am miznisTvis, fsevdo-dion-ises gamoadga agreTve, prokles filosofiac, kerZod, misi komentarebi `parmenideze~2. iqac ki, sadac fsevdo-dionise plotines azrs iyenebs, prokles terminologiiT sarge-blobs3. maSasadame, fsevdo-dionise areopageli plotines TvalsazrisTan prokles filosofiis meSveobiT midis.

areopagituli mistikis kulminaciis (`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-4 Tavi, $9) saTave proklesTan unda veZe-saTave proklesTan unda veZe- proklesTan unda veZe-boT da ara plotinesTan.4 Tumca unda aRiniSnos, isic rom am sakiTxSi h. koxi gverds ver uvlis plotines, kerZod ki, mesame eneadis meeqvse wignis mexuTe Tavs. yovelive es h. koxis Tvalsazrisis araTanmimdevrulobasa da sakvlevi obieqtis sirTuleze miuTiTebs.

prokles filosofiisa da areopagitikis mimarTebis kvlevisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qarTveli mecnieris S. nu cu biZis mosazrebebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, fsevdo-dion-ise areopagelis `qristianizirebuli neoplatonizmi“ aris renesansis ZiriTadi wyaro.

1 H.Koch.dasax. naSr., gv. 30. 2 iqve, gv. 152.3 iqve, gv. 158.4 iqve, gv. 159.

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S. nucubiZis azriT, neoplatonizmi aris swored is moZRvreba, romelmac Taviseburad ganaviTara antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreoba da daicva igi qristianu-li dogmatikis xelyofisgan. swored areopagitikis mier SeTvisebuli, neoplatonuri filosofiis monapovari (Zir-iTadad prokles filosofias gulisxmobs avtori, – m. m.) daedo safuZvlad aRorZinebis xanis filosofiur msofl-mxedvelobas. nucubiZis azriT, renesansis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis Semqmnelni neoplatonuri filosofi-is ZiriTadi principebidan amodian. S. nucubiZe prokles filosofiis detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg miuTiTebs mis progresul xasiaTze qristianul msoflmxedvelobasTan SedarebiT.

S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom platonis filosofiaSi erTmaneTisgan mowyvetil iqna ideaTa da movlenaTa sam-yaro. platonis filosofiis es nakli ver daZlies verc aristotelem da verc piTagorelebma1: es siZneleebi, rom-lebic saTaves platonis filosofiidan iRebs, S. nucubi-Zis azriT, ver iqna daZleuli neoplatonuri filosofiis pirvel warmomadgenlebTanac. rac Seexeba prokles, masTan ganxorcielda ukanaskneli gadamwyveti cda absoluturi sikeTis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgenisa `erTi~ sawyisis ideasT-an dakavSirebis gziT2.

Sua saukuneebSi, – wers S. nucubiZe, – arsebobda ori procesi antikurobasTan damokidebulebis mxriv: 1. anti-kuri filosofiis logikurad ganviTareba mis saboloo punqtamde; 2. saeklesio azrovnebis cdebi – ekleqtikurad SeeguebinaT antikuri azrovneba qristianul safuZvlebT-an. azrovnebis istoriisTvis nucubiZes mniSvnelovnad mi-aCnia pirveli procesi, romelic proklem daagvirgvina. aq nucubiZis Tvalsazrisi dazustebas moiTxovs. rogorc igi

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sro mebi. Tb.,1976, IV t. gv. 130.

2 iqve, gv. 130-131.

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aRniSnavs, proklem sikeTis idea da pirvelmizezi gaaerTi-ana. es azri mcdaria, radganac sikeTis ideisa da pirvel-mizezis erTianoba Camoyalibebuli saxiT ukve plotines filosofiaSia mocemuli1.

prokles filosofiaSi, S. nucubiZis azriT, moxerx-da erTisa da simravlis dakavSireba – `erTidan~ mravlis dabadebisa da misadmi ukudabrunebis daSvebis saxiT. erTi-ukudabrunebis daSvebis saxiT. erTi-dabrunebis daSvebis saxiT. erTi-sa da sikeTis gaigivebam gamoiwvia sikeTis absolutizacia da borotebis realobis gauqmeba.

S. nucubiZe prokles filosofiaSi miuTiTebs im mo-mentebzec, romlis ZaliTac neoplatonuri filosofia daupirispirda qristrianul msoflmxedvelobas. avtoris azriT, prokle xazs usvams samyaros warmoSobas erTisagan ara kreaciis, aramed aucileblobis ZaliT, bunebrivad, `erTi, anu RmerTi aris arsebulTa mizezi, magram maTi Semqmneli ki ar aris, aramed aucileblobiT warmomqmneli2.

sabolood S. nucubiZis mosazrebani SeiZleba ase Seva-jamoT: antikur filosofiaSi arsebuli siZneleebi, rac dakavSirebuli iyo erTisa da simravlis damokidebulebas-Tan, gadaWril iqna antikuri neoplatonizmis ukanasknel warmomadgenelTan, proklesTan. am sakiTxze prokles Tval-sazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobas `Seugua~ fsevdo-dionise areopagelma, ris wyalobiTac antikuri filosofi-uri memkvidreoba gadaeca Sua saukuneebs.

2. pirvelsawyisi erTis gageba prokles filosofiasa da areopagitikaSi

rogorc neoplatonuri filosofiis damaarsebelTan – plotinesTan, ise proklesTan, pirvelsawyisi (pirvelmize-zi, RmerTi) aris erTi, meore safexurs warmoadgens goneba, mesames – suli, xolo meoTxes – kosmosi.

1 H.Ritter.GeschichtederchristlichenPhilosophie.Hamburg,1841,Th.2. gv. 66 6.

2 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sro mebi. IV t., gv. 142.

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prokles azriT, arsebulebs unda gaaCndeT pirvel-mizezi. Tuki ar iarsebebs pirvelmizezi, maSin gveqneba arsebaTa usasrulo rigi, romlis Sesaxebac codna Seu-Zlebelia. Tuki arsebobs pirvelmizezi, misgan, rogorc safuZvlisgan, unda gamomdinareobdes yoveli sagani. es pirveli mizezi aucileblad erTi unda iyos. ratom ar SeiZleba sawyisi iyos mravali? prokles azriT, sinamdvile aucileblad naziarebia erTs, sxva SemTxvevaSi simravlis yoveli Semadgeneli isev simravle iqneba (radganac igi ar eqvemdebareba erTianobis princips) da a. S. usasrulod. maSasadame, Tuki davuSvebT, rom sawyisi aris mravali, maSin gveqneba usasrulobis usasrulo rigi, romlis Sesaxebac codna SeuZlebelia. ase rom, Tu ar gveqneba erTi, maSin ar iarsebebs codnac. simravlem rom iarsebos, is raRac-nairad naziarebi unda iyos erTs:L `yoveli simravle ezi-arebis ra¡Tave erTsa. xolo Tu ar eziarebis, arca yoveli erT iyos, arca TiToeuli mravalTa¡, romelTagan simrav-le, aramed iyos TiToeulica maTi mraval, da ese vidre usazRvroobamde da TiToeulTa amaT usazRvroobaTa¡ iyos kualad simravle usazRvro¡~1.

Tavis mxriv, erTs Tavisi arsebobisTvis ar sWirdeba sxvasTan ziareba. sicxadisTvis kidev erTxel gavixsenoT neoplatonizmis saerTo azri pirvelsawyisi erTis Sesaxeb. neoplatonikosebis Tanaxmad, pirveli erTi aris martivi, umaRlesi arseba, srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, mTel arsebaTa safuZveli, romelic ise qmnis, rom Tavis Tavidan ar gadis. Tavis Tavidan rom gavides, maSin is imoZravebs, Tuki imoZravebs, maSin moZraobisTvis adgili dasWirdeba. Tu is romelime adgilze aRmoCndeba, maSin nawilebis Sem-cveli iqneba, is, rac nawilisgan Sedgeba, martivi da erTi ki araa, aramed simravle. rogorc aq aRniSnulidan irkveva,

1 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1940, I t. gv. 3.

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pirvelsawyisi erTi martivi da pirveladia, xolo simravle masTan SedarebiT meoreuli.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSic pirvelmizezi erTia. is mxo lod erTi SeiZleba iyos, vinaidan Tuki sawyisi ar iqneba erTi, maSin igi martivi da erTiani ki ar iqneba, ar-amed simravle (`ganyofili~), Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdegi da damSleli1.

Tuki fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mosazrebas pirvel-sawyisze, rogorc erTze, SevadarebT neoplatonikosTa Tvalsazriss, cxadi gaxdeba, rom areopagitikis avtori am sakiTxSi maT uSualod mihyveba. rogorc vnaxeT, prok-lesTan sagangebo msjelobaa miZRvnili pirvelsawyisis, rogorc erTis, dasasabuTeblad. asevea fsevdo-dionis-esTanac. magram yovelive es Tu gvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom am sakiTxSi areopagitikis erTaderT wyarod mxolod prokles filosofia miviCnioT?

plotines azriTac xom yvela arsebulSi aucilebelia erTianoba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi simravle daiSleboda. yovel arsebas erTianoba aqvs sawyisidan. pirveli erTi yvelaze maRla mdgomia2. rogorc aq aRniSnulidan irkveva, prokles moZRvreba pirvelmizezze, rogorc erTze, mniS- moZRvreba pirvelmizezze, rogorc erTze, mniS-moZRvreba pirvelmizezze, rogorc erTze, mniS- pirvelmizezze, rogorc erTze, mniS-pirvelmizezze, rogorc erTze, mniS- rogorc erTze, mniS-rogorc erTze, mniS- erTze, mniS-erTze, mniS-, mniS-mniS-vnelovanwilad gansazRvrulia plotines filosofiiT. ami- gansazRvrulia plotines filosofiiT. ami-gansazRvrulia plotines filosofiiT. ami- plotines filosofiiT. ami-plotines filosofiiT. ami- filosofiiT. ami-filosofiiT. ami-. ami-ami-tomac ufro marTebuli iqneba Semdegi daskvnis gakeTeba: pirvelsawyisis, rogorc erTis Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok-, rogorc erTis Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok-rogorc erTis Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok- erTis Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok-erTis Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok- Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok-Sesaxeb moZRvreba prok- moZRvreba prok-moZRvreba prok- prok-prok-lesTan plotines filisofiidan modis, prokle ki moZ- plotines filisofiidan modis, prokle ki moZ-plotines filisofiidan modis, prokle ki moZ- filisofiidan modis, prokle ki moZ-filisofiidan modis, prokle ki moZ- modis, prokle ki moZ-modis, prokle ki moZ-, prokle ki moZ-prokle ki moZ- ki moZ-ki moZ- moZ-moZ-Rvrebas erTis Sesaxeb mkacr logikur CarCoebSi aqcevs. areopagitikaSi es Tvalsazrisi qristianul-religiur saburvelSia gaxveuli. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi- gaxveuli. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi-gaxveuli. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi-. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi-unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi- aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi-aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagi- isic, rom areopagi-isic, rom areopagi-, rom areopagi-rom areopagi- areopagi-areopagi-tikaSic pirvelmizezis, rogorc erTis, dasabuTeba mkacr logikur principebs emyareba. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom aq areopagitikis avtori uSualod prokles mihyvebodes an

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.2 plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $1.

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maTi msgavseba erTi wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge- msgavseba erTi wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge-msgavseba erTi wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge- erTi wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge-erTi wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge- wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge-wyaros – plotines filosofiiT sarge- – plotines filosofiiT sarge-plotines filosofiiT sarge- filosofiiT sarge-filosofiiT sarge-blobiT iyos gamowveuli.

prokles filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis msgavseba rom xSirad erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede- rom xSirad erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede-rom xSirad erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede- xSirad erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede-xSirad erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede- erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede-erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede- wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede-wyaroTi sargeblobis Sede- sargeblobis Sede-sargeblobis Sede- Sede-Sede-gia, naTlad Cans pirvelmizezis daxasiaTebidanac. aR-niSnul sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionise uSualod plotines mih-yve ba. fsevdo-dionisesTanac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, pi r velmizezi aris erTi, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve- aris erTi, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-aris erTi, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve- erTi, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-erTi, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-, igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-igi mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve- mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve- sinamdvilis safuZve-sinamdvilis safuZve- safuZve-safuZve-lia, misgan aqvT arsebebs dasabami. pirvelmizezi (RmerTi, sikeTe) misgan gamosul arsebebs aniWebs RvTaebriv unars yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi- winaswari arCevanis gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi-winaswari arCevanis gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi- arCevanis gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi-arCevanis gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi- gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi-gareSe: rogorc mze Tavi-: rogorc mze Tavi-rogorc mze Tavi- mze Tavi-mze Tavi- Tavi-Tavi-si sxivebis ganfenisas araviTari arCevanis winaSe ar dgas, asevea sikeTec (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) `saxiereba – efrem mcires terminiT). sikeTe Tavis RvTaebriv Zalas miafens yvela arsebas da a. S1. ramdenadac pirvelmizezi yvelafris warmomSobeli da safuZvelia, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewoda safuZvelia, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo-da safuZvelia, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo- safuZvelia, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo-safuZvelia, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo-, amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo-amitomac mas SeiZleba ewo- mas SeiZleba ewo-mas SeiZleba ewo- SeiZleba ewo-SeiZleba ewo- ewo-ewo-dos xiluli sinamdvilis saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec- xiluli sinamdvilis saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec-xiluli sinamdvilis saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec- sinamdvilis saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec-sinamdvilis saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec- saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec-saxelebi. igi yvelganaa da Seimec-. igi yvelganaa da Seimec-igi yvelganaa da Seimec- yvelganaa da Seimec-yvelganaa da Seimec- da Seimec-da Seimec- Seimec-Seimec-neba yvelaferSi `yovelTa Soris yovel ars... da yovelTa mier yovliTurT icnobebis...“2. areopagituli Txzulebidan motanili es amonaweri cxads xdis, rom aq saqme gvaqvs pi-aq saqme gvaqvs pi- saqme gvaqvs pi-saqme gvaqvs pi- gvaqvs pi-gvaqvs pi- pi-rvelmizezis (RmerTis) dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan. es aris katafatikuri (dadebiTi) meTodis safuZveli areopagiti-uZveli areopagiti-Zveli areopagiti-eopagiti-opagiti-kaSi. fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi axlosaa plotines filosofiasTan.

plotine xom ase ayenebs sakiTxs: ramdenadac pirvel-mizezi (RmerTi) mTeli arebuli sinamdvilis safuZvelia, yvela arsebas dasabami masSi aqvs, amitomac isini atare-ben RvTaebriv Tvisebebs. e. celeris SeniSvniT, arsebaSi

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30. germaneli mkvlevari v. pregeri am debulebas miiCnevs fsevdo-dionise areopagelis moZRvrebaSi samyaros RmerTidan aucileblobiT gamomdinareobis damadastureblad. ix. W. Preger. Geschichte derdeutscheMystikinMittelalter.Leipzig, 1874, gv.154.


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aris pirvelmizezis RvTaebrivi Zala, aqedan gamomdinare, plotines filosofiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia dinamikuri panTeizmi. plotines azriT, sawyisi (e. i. pirvelmizezi) ar warmoadgens arsebebis erTianobas. pirvelmizezi aris yve-laferi im gagebiT, rom yvela arsebuli misgan gamodis da masSi aqvs safuZveli1.

fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) miz-ezic aris da mizanic, agreTve `sazom ars arsTa da ricxu, da saukune da wes da gare Semcvel da mizez da dasasrul~2. amasTan, RvTaeba, rogorc mizezi da yvelafris mSobeli, TviTonaa siyvaruli, xolo, meore mxriv, rogorc sikeTe da mSveniereba sasurvelia da sayvareli, igi yvelafris sazo-sayvareli, igi yvelafris sazo-ayvareli, igi yvelafris sazo-mi, mizezi da saboloo mizania. fsevdo-dionise am sakiTx-Si rom plotines mihyveba, dasturdeba plotines Semdegi Tvalsazrisidan: umaRlesi sawyisi, amasTan, bolocaa, anu ganxorcielebuli mizania, vinaidan arseba, romelic moi-cavs sawyissa da bolos, is warmoadgens sisrules, romel-sac sxva ar sWirdeba3.

aq, pirvel rigSi, saintereso isa aris, Tu ra mimarTe-ris, Tu ra mimarTe-, Tu ra mimarTe-baSia areopagituli Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezze, rogorc amave dros mizanze, prokles msgavs TvalsazrisTan. prokles filosofiaSi mocemuli triada aCvenebs, rom pirvel mizezi gadis Tavis Tavidan da ubrundeba isev Tavis Tavs (yofna, gasvla, ukudabruneba). es ki niSnavs, rom arsebebi gamodis Tavisi mizezidan da ukuubrundebian masve. yovelive es niSnavs Tu ara imas, rom areopagitikis avtori uSualod prokles filosofiidan amodis, roca igi msjelobs aRniS-nuli sakiTxis irgvliv. vfiqrob, areopagituli msjelo-eopagituli msjelo-opagituli msjelo-bis forma ufro plotines azrs uaxlovdeba, romelTanac pirvelmizezi arsebaTa safuZvelicaa da ukanaskneli mis-wrafebis obieqtic (eTikur sferoSi).

1 plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $1.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 32.3 plotine. V eneada, me-8 wigni, $7.

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bolos kidev erTxel davubrundeT fsevdo-dionises debulebas: erTi yvelganaa da YyvelaferSi Seicnoba da amave dros, arsad araa da arc araferSi Seicnoba. areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili Zalze mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia, erTi mxriv, proklesa da fsevdo-dionises, xolo, meore mxriv, plotines filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis mima-rTebis gasarkvevad. aq, pirvel rigSi, sainteresoa am de-bulebis wyaros dadgena. prokles filosofiaSi amgvar msjelobas adgili ara aqvs. rac Seexeba plotines, swored masTanaa naTqvami, rom pirvelsawyisi, rogorc yvelafris safuZveli, arsebobs arsebebSi da amasTan, rogorc umaR-lesi arseba, arsad araa, misi gamoxatva xiluli sinamdvi-lis arsebiT aramarTebulia.... SeuZlebelia laparaki mis sadme arsebobaze1. plotines Tvalsazriss fsevdo-dionise komentaris gareSe iRebs: RmerTi yvela arsebulTa miz-ezia, magram TviTon igi maTze metia da arc erT maTganze ar daiyvaneba, `viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo T¢iT arca erTi maTgani, vinaჲთგან maT yovelTa zeSTaarseb-isa amaRlebul ars~2.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirvelmizezze (RmerTze) moZRvrebaSi areopagituli Tvalsazrisi ufro plotines filosofiasTan amJRavnebs siaxloves.

3. arsebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan da ukuda-bruneba, triada

prokles Tanaxmad, Tuki, rac warmoSobs, warmoSobda ara srulyofilebis safuZvelze, aramed potenciis naklo-vanebiT, maSin igi ar iqneboda uZravi.3

prokle diadososis Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezidan ar-sebaTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb uSualod plotines filosofi-

1 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $13.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.3 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.

gv. 23.

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idan amodis. amas adasturebs Semdegi adgilebi eneadebidan: pirvelsawyisi, romelic umartivesi da igiveobrivia, ro-gor warmoSobs simravles? am kiTxvaze plotine ase pasuxo-bs: radganac pirveli erTi yovelmxriv srulyofilia, mas-Si aris srulyofilebis siWarbe, ris safuZvelzedac xdeba Tavisi Tavidan gasvla1. sxva adgilasac dgeba es kiTxva. rogor warmoiSoba absoluturi erTidan mravali? ploti-nes pasuxi aq ufro praqtikuli magaliTiTaa gamagrebuli: Cven xilul sinamdvileSi vxedavT, rom esa Tu is arseba, miaRwevs Tu ara srulyofilebas, vrceldeba Tavisi Tavis gareT. es SeimCneva ara marto cnobierebis mqone arsebebSi, aramed usuloebSic ki. mag., cecxli wvavs mis gareT arse-bulsac. Tuki es asea, maSin ra uSlis xels umaRles arsebas arsebaTa warmoqmnaSi? plotines azriT, mas rom raime xels uSlides, maSin is aRar iqneboda srulyofili2. Tuki pir-velsawyiss xelis SemSleli ar hyavs, bunebrivia, rom igi warmoqmnis arsebebs da es asec xdeba. aRniSnulidan cxa-dia, rom rogorc plotinesTan, ise proklesTan arsebaTa warmoSoba xdeba Sinagani aucileblobiT da gamoricxulia nebelobiTi aqti.

plotines filosofiis gavlena prokles Tvalsazrisze ueWvelia. maTTan mocemuli aucileblobis principi gad-mosulia qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomadgenelTan – fsevdo-dionisesTan. aucileblobis principis daSveba fsevdo-dionises mxridan naTlad miuTiTebs neoplatonur filosofiasTan misi msoflmxedvelobis Sinagan kavSirze.

prokles mixedviT, pirvelmizezidan arsebaTa warmoSo-ba xdeba potenciis siWarbiT. ra mimarTebaSia warmoSobili arsebebi Tavis warmomSobelTan – pirvelmizizTan? prok-les azriT, yvela arseba ganlagebulia pirvelmizezis mi-marT garkveuli wesis Tanaxmad. rac ufro axlosaa arseba Tavis mizezTan, igi miT ufro srulyofilia. amasTan, yo-

1 plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $1.2 iqve, me-4 wigni, $1.

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vel arsebas aqvs miswrafeba sikeTisken (e. i. pirvelmize-zisken), magram erTni uSualod miiswrafvian, xolo meoreni sxvas saWiroeben, `rameTu ukueTu yovelni myofni bunebiT etrfvian keTilobasa, da romlisadmi Tan warmodgomila keTiloba¡, xolo romelime moqene ars sx¢sadasa, da ro-melsame Tan moaqus mizezi keTilobisa¡, xolo romlisadme kide ars.~1 amitomac, prokles azriT, is, rac srulyofi-lia (TviTkmaria), ufro axlosaa sikeTesTan, vidre nakle-bsrulyofili, xolo is, rac naklebsrulyofilia – Sorsaa pirvelmizezisgan: `rameTu ra¡zomiTa umaxlobeles iyos momcemsa sawado¡sasa, egzomca iyos umjobes missa, romelsa hqondeis T¢si mizezi uaSores, da sxua¡gniT miiTualvides sisrulesa T¢sisa myofobisasa anu moqmedebisasa... xolo daklebuli ars romeli ara T¢T pirveli iyos keTiloba¡, aramed eziarebodis~2.

prokles azriT, is arseba, romelic sxvisi meSveobiT eziareba sikeTes, ufro Sorsaa sikeTisgan: `xolo mziare-beli mesaSuvleobiTa sx¢sa¡Ta ufro ganSorebul pirvelisa keTilobisgan da romeli ar ars sxua T¢nier keTiloba¡~3.

prokles zemo moyvanili Tvalsazrisi srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom ufro metad srulyofili da TviTkmari ukve umaRlesi arsebis igiveobrivia. yovelgvari TviTkmari arseba ufro `Raribia~ pirvelmizezTan SedarebiT, `yovel-Ta umoqeno¡ da sruli pirvelsa da martivsa keTilobasa udares ars~4. sakuTriv umaRlesi sikeTe (pirvelmizezi), prokles azriT, sxvisken ar miiswrafvis. es rom ase yofi-liyo, maSin igi (umaRlesi sikeTe) savse iqneboda naklova-ni. igi arc TviTkmaria, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi igi sikeTiT iqneboda da ara pirveli, umaRlesi sikeTe: `rameTu ar ars

1 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. gv.10.

2 iqve.3 iqve.4 iqve.

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metrfe sxuasa T¢ssa upirvelessa, ra¡Tamca iyos naklul da ara srul, da gulmTqumel keTilobisadmi; da arca srul ars, rameTu sruli savse oden keTilobiTa ars da ara Tu pirveli keTiloba¡~1.

prokles Tzulebis Semdegi Tavi eZRvneba pirvelmize-zidan yvela arsebulis gamosvlas, imis dasabuTebas, rom yvela arsebuli momdinareobs erTi mizezidan – pirvelmi-zezidan.

prokles azriT, yoveli arseba, romelic sxvas ezia-reba, nakleb srulyofilia, xolo is, rac sxvas iziarebs, ufro naklovania, vidre is arseba, romlic saerTod gamo-ricxavs ziarebas (`yoveli mziarebeli ziarebulsa udares ars, da yoveli Tanziarebeli uziarebulsa~). is, vinc ezia-reba sxvas da ziarebamde iyo naklovani, xolo ziarebisas gaxda srulyofili, igi mainc ufro nakleb srulyofilia, vidre is, rasac eziara: `rameTu yoveli Tanmziarebeli pir-vel Tanziarebulisa usrul ars, srul iqmnebis vidreme Ta-naziarebiTa, udares ganaRa ziarebiTa, romlis mier srul iqmnebis~2.

arsebaTa warmoSoba, prokles mixedviT, xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze. yovelgvari warmoSoba, gamomdinareoba xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze. warmomSobeli msgavss ufro adre aZlevs arsebobas, vinaidan msgavsi warmoiSoba msgav sisgan – msgavsebisa da ara gansxvavebis safuZvelze: `yoveli gza-vna¡ arsebiTi msgavsebisa mier srul iqmnebis SemdgomiTa¡ pirvel|Tadve mimarT. xolo Tu warmomarsebelni pirvel umsgavsoTa¡sa msgavsTa warmoayeneben, vina¡ msgavseba war-momaarsebelTagan warmoayenebs warmoarsebulTa; rameTu msgavsni msgavsebisa mier iqmnebian msgavs da ara umsgav-soobisa mier~3. prokles Txzulebis am Tavis bolo nawilia

1 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. gv. 11.

2 iqve, gv. 21.3 iqve, gv. 25.

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ufro mniSvnelovani, sadac aRniSnulia: imis miuxedavad, rom pirvel arsebidan momdinare Zala sustdeba, mainc aris TanmTxveva, igiveoba warmomSobelsa da warmoSobils Soris da yovel warmoSobils Tavisi arseboba (arseba) gaaCnia ms-gavsebis safuZvelze: `vina¡ gzavna¡ arsebiTi Soris udare-sobiTsa STamoobasa daicavs masveobasa Sobilisasa mSobe-lisa mimarT, da viTar ars igi pirvel, essaxeca warmoaCens Semdgomsa, vina¡ msgavsebisa mier aqus mas mdgomareoba¡.~1

SevajamoT prokles mosazreba arsebebs Soris ur-TierTmimarTebaze. rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, prokle pirvelmizezidan arsebaTa gamomdinareobas mkacr logikur principebs uqvemdebarebs. arsebebi momdinareobs pirveli sikeTidan da isini ganlagebulia TavianTi srulyofilebis mixedviT. ufro srulyofili (TviTkmari) arsebebi axlosaa pirvelmizezTan da, piriqiT. amasTan, yoveli Semdgomi ar-sebis mizezia masTan SedarebiT nakleb srulyofili arse-bisa da a. S. vidre yvelaze nakleb srulyofil arsebamde.

pirvelmizezidan gamomdinare arsebebi rom ufro nak-leb srulyofilia, vidre sakuTriv pirvelmizezi, ukve plotines filosofiaSia mocemuli. plotines azriT, yove-li Semdegi warmoqmnani ufro nakleb srulyofilia, vidre wanavali2. maSasadame, ierarqiuli kibis monaxazi ukve mo-cemulia plotines filosofiaSi. rac Seexeba prokles, man plotines es Tvalsazrisi sistemaSi moiyvana, dauqvemdeba-ra igi mkacr logikur principebs. ra igulisxmeba amaSi? pirvel rigSi is, rom prokles Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezisgan ufro msgavsi adre warmoiSoba, vidre aramsgavsi da a. S. amasTan, warmoSobilTa rigSi, prokle erTmaneTisgan ga-nasxvavebs TviTkmarsa da naklovans, maT Soris damyarebu-li aris garkveuli Tanafardoba. es TviTkmari da srulia masze ufro nakleb srulyofil arsebebze da ara saerTod.

1 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. gv. 25.

2 plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $2.

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Tavis mxriv igi naklovania (`Raribia~) pirvelmizezTan, pirvel sikeTesTan SedarebiT. proklesTan, plotinesgan gansxvavebiT, axleburia agreTve msgavsebis safuZvelze warmoSobis daSveba. msgavsebis SemotaniT prokle arsebaTa urTierTmimarTebas garkveuli kanonzomierebis farglebSi aqcevs. amitomac ierarqiul kibeze qaosi aRar gvaqvs. plo-tinesTan ki es ase araa. bolos SeiZleba iTqvas, rom prok-lem daxvewa da ganaviTara plotines moZRvreba pirvelmi-zezidan gamomdinare arsebaTa urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb, rac win gadadgmuli nabiji iyo sinamdvilis gamTlianobis TvalsazrisiT.

am sakiTxSi prokles TvalsazrisTan siaxloves amJRav-nebs fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi. prokles msgavsad, fse-vdo-dionise warmoSobil arsebebs miiCnevs naklebsrulyo-filad, aRiarebs arsebaTa gamosvlas uSualo mizezidan da a. S. magram areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemulia erTi saintereso mosazreba, romelic am moZRvrebis originalu-robaze miuTiTebs plotinesa da proklesTan SedarebiT. kerZod, mxedvelobaSia sikeTis (pirvelmizezis) mier gan-fenili RvTaebrivi Zalebis mimRebi arsebebi. ra aris imis mizezi, rom erTi arseba ufro srulia, vidre meore? amis mizezi RvTaebaSi unda veZioT Tu isev arsebebSi?

areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, sinamdvileSi ar-sebul arsebaTa urTierTmimarTeba, yovelgvari wesrigi momdinareobs umaRlesi arsebidan. yovelgvari arsebuli sikeTis meSveobiT arsebobs. rac yovel arsebas gaaCnia, si-keTisagan aqvs miRebuli: `da erTbamad yovelTa, raodenTa grZnobadi aqus suli anu cxoreba¡ – ese yovelni saxierebi-saganve sulier da cxovel arian~1. fsevdo-dionises azriT, umaRlesi sikeTisgan aqvT yovelgvari unari miniWebuli ara mxolod cocxal arsebebs, aramed mcenareebsac da usulo arsebebsac ki: `da nergTaca yovelTa saxierebisaganve aqus cxoreba¡ moZravobiTi da mozardobiTi. da raodenni usu-


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lo da ucxovlo arseba arian, saxierebisaganve arian da mis mier arsebiTisa wesisa qonebasa xuedrebul arian~1.

areopagitikis es adgilebi naTels xdis, rom am moZR-vrebis Tanaxmad xiluli, sinamdvilis yvela arsebaSi Cans umaRlesi arsebis kvali. amasTan, sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs arsebebs miafens erTianad, riTac sicxa-de da sikeTe Seaqvs yvela arsebaSi: `.. gananaTlebs yovelTa SemZlebelTa naTlisa datevnisaTa, dahbadebs da cxovel hyofs, ipyrobs da srul hyofs~2. aq, logikuria Semdegi kiTxva: xom ar aris iseTi arseba, sadamdec pirvelmizezis (umaRlesi sikeTis) RvTaebrivi Zalebi ver aRwevs? Tu asea, maSin gasagebi iqneba arsebaTa Soris gansxvaveba. fsevdo-dionises azriT, ar arsebobs arseba, romelTanac es RvTae-brivi Zalebi ar aRwevdes. igi yvelgan aRwevs. yvela arsebas aaRorZinebs da srulyofs da ganaaxlebs.

maSasadame, pirvelmizezi yvela arsebas Tanabrad aZ-levs Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs da bunebrivia, rom arsebaTa Soris gansxvaveba srulyofilebis mixedviT misgan momdi-nareobs. pirvelmizezi yvela xilul arsebas aZlevs Tavis sikeTes da es sikeTe aRwevs maTTan kidec. magram, Tuki ro-melime arseba ver miiRebs mas, es am Zalebis Sesustebisa da simciris mizeziT ki araa gamowveuli, aramed TviT mi-mRebel arsebaTa uunarobiT, romlebmac ver miiRes da ver gaiges misi arseba3.

fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi ormxrivadaa sainte-reso:

1. rogorc ukve plotinesa da prokles filosofiis ganxilvis safuZvelze vnaxeT, maTTan mocemulia arsebaTa ierarqiuli ganlageba. arsebebs pirvelmizezTan mimarTe-biT garkveuli adgili ukaviaT – zogierTi axlosaa da zogi erTi kidev Sors. amis mizezi ki aris arsebaTa srulyofile-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31.2 iqve, gv. 32.3 iqve.

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bis xarisxi. magram arc plotinesa da arc proklesTan ga-rkveviT araa naCvenebi TviT arsebaTa uunaroba RvTaebrivi srulyofilebis miRebisas. maTTan ierarqiul sistemas, ki-bes sqematurobisa da xelovnurobis elferi dahkravs. rac Seexeba fsevdo-dionises, masTan ama Tu im arsebis srulyo-filebis xarisxi damokidebulia sakuTriv mis unarze, vi-naidan pirvelmizezi yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe `afens~ maT RvTaebriv Zalebs. am sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionises Tval-sazrisi originaluria da pirvelmizezis srulyofilebaze ufro naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis. Tuki es ase ar iqneboda, yovelTvis gaCndeboda eWvi imis Taobaze, rom umaRlesi ar-sebis mier miniWebuli srulyofileba bolomde ratom ver xorcieldeba yovel arsebaSi.

2. arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTebiT fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi meore, ufro mniSvnelovani daskvnis safu-Zvels iZleva. kerZod, aq naTlad mJRavndeba misi pozicia samyaros maradiulobaze, ufro sworad xiluli sinamdvi-lis damoukideblobis ganxilvisas fsevdo-dionises mxri-dan srulyofilebis miuReblobis `gadabraleba~ arsebebze imis maCvenebeli unda iyos, rom es arsebebi RmerTis mier Seqmnili (da ara warmoSobili, – m. m.) ar aris. es arsebe-bi gamomdinareobs, gamodis da `toveben~ pirvelmizezs, rac imasac niSnavs, rom maT ukve dakarguli aqvT simarti-ve, erTianoba da naklovani arian. amitomac gasagebia maTi uuna roba RvTaebrivi sikeTis misaRebad. aqve unda aRiniS-nos, rom yovelive es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom aq Tqmuli areopagituli moZRvrebis am rTuli adgilis er-TaderTi swori interpretaciaa. aq aRniSnuli erT-erT Se-saZlebel interpretaciad migvaCnia.

fsevdo-dionises mimarTeba (siaxlove) proklesTan (da plotinesTan) naTlad mJaRvndeba pirvelmizezisa da xilu-li sinamdvilis erTianobis magaliTzec. fsevdo-dionises azriT, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) Tavisken izidavs arsebebs `da viTarca yovelsave Tavisa mimarT T¢sisa moaqcevs sa-

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xiereba¡; da dasabam Semokrebisa ars ganbneulTa, viTarca erT-mTavrobiTi da erT-myofeli RmrTeebaჲ~1.

fsevdo-dionisesTan arsebulTa miswrafeba, gaerTia-neba pirvelmizezTan specifikuri TaviseburebebiT xasia-Tdeba. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, areopagitikaSi azrobrivi arsebebi pirvelmizezTan (RmerTTan) erTiandeba Semecnebis unaris meSveobiT, grZnobadi arsebebi – SegrZnebebis meS-veobiT. is arsebebi, romelTac grZnobadoba ar gaaCniaT, RmerTisken miiswrafvian maTSi arsebuli (aRmZvreli) sico-cxlis surviliT, xolo is arsebebi, romelTac arc Semec-nebis unari gaaCniaT, arc SegrZnebebi da arc sicocxlisken miswrafeba, RmerTTan naziarebia arsis Tanaxmad, anu TviT maTi arsebobis faqti niSnavs, rom isini ukve RvTaebrivia2. unda aRiniSnos, rom pirvelmizezisadmi (RmerTisadmi) xi-luli sinamdvilis amgvar, vityodiT – saocari da sainte-reso miswrafebis daSvebas analogi ar moepoveba Sua sauku-neebis religiur filosofiaSi.

mTeli sinamdvilis RmerTTan dabruneba-gaerTianebaze fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba antikuri neo-platonikisebis Tvalsazrisisgan, magram zogierTi sakiT-xis garkvevisas aris siaxlove rogorc plotinesTan, ise proklesTan. magaliTad, neoplatonikosebis (gansakuTre-biT prokles) Tanaxmad, arsebebi pirvelmizezSi ukudabru-nebisas aucileblobis princips emyarebian. jer uSualo mi-zezs gaivlis da Semdeg gavlilis uSualos da a. S. prokles azriT, es imis gamo xdeba, rom yvela arsebis miswrafebis sagania sikeTe (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi), romelic miiRweva Sualeduri mizezebis gavliT, amitomac arsebas, romelic mizezisgan warmoiSoba da mas ar ubrundeba, SuZlebelia hqondes mizezisadmi miswrafeba: `yoveli warmoCenili vis-ganve arsebiTi ukun iqcevis misdadve, sada¡T iwarmoebs. xolo Tu iwarmoebdes oden da ar ukun iqceodis mizezi-


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sadmi amis warmoarsisa, ar vina¡ iwadebs mizezsa T¢ssa... vina¡ yoveli iwadebs keTilsa, da mimTxuev¡ misi umaxlobe-lesisa mizezsa mier eqmnebis TiToeulsa¡~1. prokles Tval-sazrisi gaziarebulia fsevdo-dionises mier, romlis Ta-naxmadac RmerTSi dabrunebisTvis aucilebelia winamavali mizezebis gavla: ìgivaobaჲ da saSuvalTa da kideTa pyro-ba¡... da kualad missa mimarTve miqceva¡ yovelTave misgan gamomavalTa¡~2. aq eWvgareSea proklesa da fsevdo-dionises TvalsazrisTa Tanxvedra.

fsevdo-dionises azriT, gonebis gaerTianeba RmerTTan xdeba ùmsgavseobis~ safuZvelze: `xolo romel CuenTaca gonebaTa ufro¡s aRiyvaneben gamoCinebani igi umsgavsoeba-Tani3. aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba is, rom RmerTTan gaerTia-nebisTvis saWiroa masze miwerili da misTvis Seuferebeli ùmsgavso~ saxelebis Camocileba. aq Zneli aRaraa davina-xoT plotines Tvalsazrisisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlove. plotines mixedviT, RmerTTan WeSmariti miaxlo-ebis gza aris masSi im niSan-Tvisebebis gamoricxva, rac mas ar ekuTvnis. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemulia ploti-nes Tvalsazrisis pirdapiri analogia. goneba miiswrafvis RmerTisken, magram es miswrafeba SesaZlebelia da ganxor-cieldeba maSin, roca goneba masTan dakavSirebul yovel-gvar arsebuls Camoicilebs4.

neoplatonur, gansakuTrebiT prokles filosofiaSi damuSavebul iqna triaduli sistema. man winmavali filo-sofosebisagan aiRo triaduli sistemis zogadi sqema da Semdgomi daxvewa (hegeli). prokles `kavSirnis~ $$27-35-Si gadmocemulia misi triadis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. prokles Txzulebis am monakveTSi aRniSnulia, rom yoveli arse-

1 prokle diadoxosis platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. gv. 26.

2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.3 iqve, `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.4 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

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buli momdinareobs pirvelmizezidan, sikeTidan. es war-moSoba xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze. amasTan, yovelive es xorcieldeba meoreuli sagnebis pirvelTan damsgavsebis safuZvelze. is, rac momdinarebs, rCeba kidec warmoSobil-Si da gamomdinareobs kidec misgan: `yoveli warmoarsebuli visganve usaSovlod hgies vidreme Soris warmomaarsebel-sa da warmoiarsebis misgan.~1 yoveli warmoSobili arseba ukuubrundeba imaves, risganac warmoiSva: `yoveli warmo-Cenili visganve arsebiT ukun iqcevis misdadve, sada¡Ta iwarmoebs~2. yoveli ukudabruneba xdeba msgavsebis safuZ-velze; yoveli warmoSoba da ukudabruneba wriuli xasiaTi-saa: `yovelsa mewarmoesa visganve da ukumqcevsa mrgulivi moqmedeba¡ aqus~3.

bolos es msjeloba prokles Sejamebuli aqvs debule-baSi, romelic triaduli principis klasikuri nimuSia. kerZod: mizeziT gamowveuli rCeba Tavis mizezSi, gamom-dinareobs kidec da masve ukuubrundeba. `yoveli mizezo-ani hgies Soris mizezsa T¢ssa da iwarmoebs misgan da ukun iqcevis misdadve~4.

proklesa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobebSi erTmaneTs emTxveva triadaze moZRvreba. am punqtSi are-opagituli moZRvreba uSualod prokles filosofiidan amodis5. fsevdo-dionises Tanaxmad, sikeTisgan gamomdina-reobs arsebulebi da masve ukuubrundeba: `...wina-myof sax-ierebasa Sina da saxierebisagan arsTada aRmomdinare da

1 prokle diadoxosis platonuris filosofosisa kavSirni. gv. 25.

2 iqve, gv. 26.3 iqve. am adgils a. losevi Targmnis rogorc ciklurobas,

wriulobis nacvlad (ix. Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 44). neoplatonuri filosofiis azrTa wyobas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, aq wriuloba ufro marTebuli unda iyos.

4 iqve, gv. 27.5 amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. К.Кремер. dasax. naSr., gv. 287.

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kualad saxierebisa mimarTve miqceuli~1. aq Zneli ar aris prokles filosofiasTan paralelis gavleba, romelzedac ukve gvqonda saubari. kerZod, areopagitikaSi SeTvisebulia prokles ZiriTadi azri triadaze: Sedegis yofna mizezSi, mizezidan Sedegis gamosvla da damoukideblad arseboba da mizezSi Sedegis ukudabruneba. fsevdo-dionise iziarebs prokles Tvalsazriss da es procesi maradiulad miaCnia: `da viTarcა saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, sax-ierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina da saxierebიsa mimarT uc-TomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve zeda maradis გამომავალ arsca da hgiescა da dgas~2.

4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaprokles filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis

kavSiris gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis garkvevas. amgvari mimarTebis gan-xilva imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom areopagituli prob-lemebis kvlevaSi axali etapis damwyebni i. Stiglmairi da h. koxi, am ori moazrovnis siaxloves ZiriTadad swored sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmimarTebis TvalsazrisSi xedavs.

zemoT saubari gvqonda i. Stiglmairis gamokvlevaze, romelic swored amgvar mimarTebebs Seexo. avtori ZiriTa-dad emyareba prokles laTinurad SemorCenil Sromas borotebis Sesaxeb, romelSic Camoyalibebulia prokles azri sikeTeze, romlis Tanaxmad yovelgvari arsebulis arsi da upirvelesi mizezi aris sikeTe: `yovelTa myofTa dasabami mizezi upiratesi keTiloba¡ ars.~3 es mosazre-ba paralels poulobs areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom yvelaferi sikeTisgan momdinareobs; igi

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, gv. 42.2 iqve.3 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofiisa kavSirni. gv.

12.

184

dasabamia da misken miiswrafvian arsebebi: `..saxiereba¡ არს, romlisაgan yoveli daibada da ars, viTarca mizezisagan yovelTa momyvanebelisa~1. aq arc aris proklesa da fsev-do-dionise areopagelis TvalsazrisTa Soris gansxvaveba. bevri aseTi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba, sadac naTlad Cans fsevdo-dionise areopagelis siaxlove prokles filoso-fiasTan.

i. Stiglmairs moyvanili aqvs uamravi paraleli, rac TvalnaTliv adasturebs fsevdo-dionisesa da prokles TvalsazrisTa siaxloves. kerZod, sakiTxi exeba borotebis ar se bobas bunebaSi, eSmakebSi, angelozebSi... rogorc prok lesTan, ise fsevdo-dionisesTan msgavsi azrebia ga-moTqmuli. avtors vrclad aqvs motanili amonaweri pro-kles Sromidan borotebis Sesaxeb: romel sagnebSia bo-roteba? igi rogor miiRweva? saidan momdinareobs?

pirvel kiTxvaze prokles pasuxi aseTia: boroteba arsad araa, arc sulSi, arc eSmakSi, arc bunebaSi, arc ma-teriaSi.

meore kiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT prokle wamoWris Sem-deg sakiTxebs: borotebis sawyisi erTia Tu ramdenime? 2. es sawyisi RmerTSi unda veZioT, intelgibelurSi Tu sulSi? 3. boroteba ramdenime sawyisidan momdinarebs Tu sxvadasx-va naklovanebaTa narevia?

amas mosdevs mesame kiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxe-bi: 1. rogor arsebobs boroteba? 2. igi sakuTriv ras war-moadgens? 3. ra mimarTebaSia boroteba sikeTesTan?2

yvela aq CamoTvlili sakiTxis Sedareba fsevdo-dion-ises `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-4 TavTan cxads xdis, rom areopagitikis avtors es problemebi prokles msgavsad aqvs gaazrebuli. magram gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom sikeTeze moZRvrebaSi prokles filosofia mniSvnelovan-wilad gansazRvrulia plotines msoflmxedvelobiT. fsev-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, gv. 33.2 J.Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 260-262.

185

do-dionisesa da prokles TvalsazrisTa damTxveva xSirad erTi wyaroTi (igulisxmeba plotines filosofia) sarge-blobis Sedegi unda iyos.

S. nucubiZe fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad miiCnevs si-keTis absolutizaciisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis aRiarebas. es Tvalsazrisi koreqtivs saWiroebs. borotebis arasubstanciuroba ukve gvxvdeba plotines filosofiaSi. `plotinesTan boroteba araa absoluturi principi~, magram `plotine borotebაs mainc uSvebs sikeTis bunebis gamosam-JRavneblad~ (hegeli). marTebulad SeniSnavs i. Stiglmairi: dionise asabuTebs, rom borotebas SeuZlebelia mudmivi arseboba da pozitiuri zemoqmedebis Zala gaaCndes. aq fsevdo-dionise prokles filosofiidan amodis. sakuTriv mis damsaxurebad ki unda CaiTvalos am Tvalsazrisis qris-tianul msoflmxedvelobaSi damkvidreba.

daskvna

platonis filosofiaSi mocemuli sasrulisa da usas-rulos, erTisa da simravlis, daboloebulisa da daubo-loebelis mimarTeba SeiTvisa neoplatonurma filosofiam, sadac garkveuli azriT, daZleulia platonis filosofiis siZneleebi, rac dakavSirebuli iyo aRniSnul mimarTebeb-Tan da aRiarebul iqna samyaros mTlianoba emanaciis daS-vebis safuZvelze.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, romelic `damakavSirebeli rgoli~ iyo antikurobasa da Sua saukuneebs Soris, aris rogorc platonis, ise plotinesa da prokles filoso-fiis gavlenis kvali. areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis gan-sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba plotinesa da prokles filoso-fias hqonda. magram, ramdenadac neoplatonuri filosofia platonis msoflmxedvelobidan amodis, amdenad, cxadia, areopagitikisTvis am ukanasknelis mniSvneloba. platoni

186

areopagitikaSi ZiriTadad neoplatonizmis meSveobiTaa Se-mosuli.

areopagituli moZRvreba mihyveba rogorc prokles fi-losofias (azris msvlelobis logikuroba, arsebaTa ganla-geba srulyofilebis mixedviT, triada, sikeTisa da boro-tebis mimarTeba, arsebaTa ukudabruneba), ise plotinesas (pirveli erTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc yvelgan myofisa da amave dros arsad myofis, sikeTis monizmi da borotebis arasubstanciuroba, misticizmi...).

zogierT sakiTxSi areopagituli moZRvreba originalu-ria: sikeTis miRebisas arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTeba, ar-sebaTa ukudabrunebisas usulo arsebisadmi adgilis miCena ierarqiul sistemaSi, borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelobis gauqmeba.

proklesa da fsevdo-dionises TvalsazrisTa zogjer damTxveva gamowveuli unda iyos erTi wyaroTi (plotines filosofia) sargeblobis Sedegad (umaRlesi erTi, rogorc pirvelmizezi, sikeTe rogorc yvelafris safuZveli, arse-baTa warmoSoba srulyofilebis siWarbiT...).

187

IV Tavi

kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedveloba da

areopagitika

areopagituli moZRvrebis Teologiuri wyaroebidan ganvixiloT kapadokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol na-zianzeli, grigol noseli) msoflmxedvelobebi. kargad aris cnobili, rom Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi filoso-fiuri da Teologiuri problematika erTmaneTze isea ga-dawnuli, rom xSirad ama Tu im moazrovnesTan Zneli xdeba imis garkveva – Tu sad mTavrdeba Teologia da sad iwyeba filosofia da, piriqiT.

Sua saukuneebSi, gansakuTrebiT sawyis etapze, RvTisme-tyvelebi xSirad mimarTavdnen antikur filosofias da mas sakuTari mizenebisTvis iyenebdnen. am mxriv kapadokiel ma-maTa msoflmxedveloba am mosazrebis naTeli dadasturebaa.

Sua saukuneebis sawyisi periodis azrovnebis Teolo-giur da filosofiur problematikasa da maT urTierTmi-marTebaze saintereso mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli filo-sofiis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars frederik koplstons (1907-1994). sakiTxSi meti sicxadis Setanis mizniT, mizan-Sewonilad migvaCnia koplstonis mosazrebaTa ZiriTadi mo-mentebis ganxilva.

f. koplstoni aRniSnul Temaze saubars iwyebs imis aR-niSvniT, rom mociqulebi dakavebuli iyvnen qristianuli rwmenis qadagebiT da ara filosofiuri sistemebis damu-SavebiT. isini miiCnevdnen, rom RvTis saqmeebis mauwyeblebi iyvnen da ara moazrovneebi, romlebic samyaros saidumlo-

188

ebas wyveten an kidev sakuTari gonebiT adamianuri sico-cxlis arsis aRmomCenebi arian1. maT winaSe idga ara sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom adamianur gonebas filosofiuri refle-qsiebis daxmarebiT SeuZlia realobis gageba, aramed ufro is, Tu ra gaakeTa RmerTma qristeSi da qristes meSveobiT RvTis TviTgamocxadebisTvis2.

amis Semdeg saWiro xdeba qristianobis dacva. gamoCnda marciani aristidis, aTinagoris da agreTve, iustin wame-bulis Sromebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos filoso-fiurad, Tumca maTSi gamoyenebulia berZnuli filosofiis terminebi.

marTalia, qristiani moRvaweebi mtrulad iyvnen ganwyo-bilni filosofiisadmi, magram es sulac ar niSnavda, rom isini ar ganicdidnen araqristianuli da iudeuri ideebis gavlenas. amis naTeli magaliTi iyo tertuliane (daaxl. 160-220), romelic sastikad ebrZoda filosofias. igi aR-niSnavda, rom aTensa (rogorc filosofiuri centris, – m. m.) da ierusalims (rogorc religiur centris, – m. m.) So-ris araferia saerTo. amis miuxedavad, is iRebda da iyene-bda stoicizmis zogierT ideas3.

f. koplstonis naSromSi yuradRebas imsaxurebs is ad-gili, sadac mocemulia qristiani moRvaweebis mxridan an-tikuri filosofiis warmomadgenelTa, gansakuTrebiT pla-tonis maRali Sefaseba. maTi azriT, zogierTi warmarTi avtori sxvebze adre mivida iudevelebisa da qristianebis mier aRiarebul religiur WeSmaritebasTan. ase magaliTad, iseTi avtori, rogoric iyo platoni daesesxa Zvel aRTqmas. sxva qristiani avtorebi ki aRniSnavdnen, rom RvTaebrivma sityvam, logosma, romelic anaTebs yvela adamians, saSu-aleba misca filosofosebs – zogierTs metad, zogierTs naklebad, religiuri da zneobrivi WeSmaritebis daufle-

1 Ф.Коплстон.История средневековойфилософии.М.,1997,gv. 28.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 30.

189

bisTvis1. avtoris saintereso SeniSvniT, `SemoTavazebuli iyo Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac iudevelebi gons mo-egnen kanonisa da winaswarmetyvelTa wyalobiT, xolo ber-Znebi, marTalia, ufro naklebad – filosofiis meSveobiT. erTi mxriv, kanonma da winaswarmetyvelebma, xolo filoso-fiam – meore mxriv, winaswar ganWvrites saxareba~2.

aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT berZnuli filosofia ueWve-lad garkveuli dadebiTi Rirebulebis Semcveli iyo, mag-ram imave ueWvelobiT, Tuki filosofias ganvixilavdiT moraluri da religiuri WeSmaritebebis Ziebad, an kidev xsnis gzad, igi Tavis funqcias dakargavda3.

f. koplstonis azriT, samyaros Semqmnelisa da agreTve, adamianis saboloo miznis Ziebam qristianul religiaSi mi-zans miaRwia. am gzaze logikuri da filosofiuri katego-riebi Teologiis mier SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc iaraRi.

Semdeg f. koplstoni laparakobs im avtorebze (ius-tin wamebuli, kliment aleqsandrieli, origene), romlebic dadebiTad afaseben filosofias, gansakuTrebiT plato-nizms4. ase magaliTad, kliment aleqsandrieli filosofias dadebiTad afasebda da mas miiCnevda qristianobis mosa-mzadeblad; rogorc adre iustin wamebuli, ise klimenti miiCnevdnen, rom berZeni filosofosebi daesesxnen Zvel aRTqmas da Semdgom amaxinjebdnen imas, rac isesxes5. amas-Tan, klimentis azriT, berZenma filosofosebma, gansaku-TrebiT platonma, WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb garkveul codnas miaRwia RvTaebrivi logosidan momdinare gamobrwyinebis wyalobiT. `amis garda, klimenti filosofiur spekulacias miiCnevda qristianuli sibrZnisTvis ara ubralod momza-

1 Ф.Коплстон.dasax. naDSr., gv. 30.2 iqve.3 iqve.4 iqve, gv. 31.5 iqve.

190

debas, aramed am sibrZnis miRwevis, gagebisa da ganxilvis iaraRadac~1.

kliment aleqsandrieli, rogorc koplstoni aRniSnavs, maRal Sefasebas aZlevda berZnul filosofias. magram isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kliments `berZnuli filosofia ainteresebda ara TavisTavad, aramed rogorc qristiano-bisTvis momzadeba~2. klimenti, antikurobis sxva qristian mwerlebTan erTad WeSmarit filosofosad miiCnevda qris-tian moazrovnes, xolo qristianobas – namdvil `filoso-fiad~ da sibrZned3.

f. koplstoni gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs origenes mso-flmxedvelobas, romelic iyo mtkice da mgznebare qris-tiani da amave dros, midrekileba hqonda spekulaturi azrovnebisken, ris gamoc misi moZRvrebis zogierTi deta-li araorTodoqsulad CaTvales.

origene samyaros Semoqmeds miiCnevda erTad, romelic TavisTavad aris sikeTe4. origenes azriT, Seqmna, qmnadoba aris RvTaebisgan, misi bunebidan aucileblobiT momdina-re sikeTis gadacema, anu gavrceleba. Seqmnisas Suamavali aris logosi, romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavs Seqmnis ideebs an maradiul saxeebs, RvTaebis gonebaSi arsebul arqetipe-bs, romelTanac origene aigivebs samebis meore opostazs – sityvas. ramdenadac sulis platonuri idea iTvleba su-liwmidaze qristianuli moZRvrebis miaxloebiT gamoxatu-lebad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `origene qristianul rwmenas samebaze neoplatonuri (anu ufro sworad saSualo pla-tonizmis) ierarqiis Suqze gadmoscemda, e. i. ukanasknels iyenebda pirvelis gasagebad~5.

1 Ф.Коплстон.dasax. naDSr., gv. 31-32.2 iqve, gv. 32.3 iqve.4 iqve, gv. 33.5 iqve.

191

aq, vfiqrobT, koplstoni bolomde ar ambobs saTqmels, kerZod, neoplatonizmis did rolze qristianuli, gansaku-TrebiT origenes msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze.

f. koplstonis azriT, origenes zogierTi Teoria yo-velTvis ar aris bibliasTan SesabamisobaSi. amas Tavisi ax-sna aqvs masTan. origene erTmaneTisgan asxvavebda bibliis sxvadasxvanair ganmartebas. misi azriT, wminda werilis pirdapiri, sityvasityviT ganmarteba adamianuri doneebze yvelaze dabal – Cveulebriv, xorciel dones Seesabameba, – xolo SedarebiT maRali done sulis dones, xolo wminda werilis alegoriuli ganmarteba Seesabameba adamianSi gon-ebis dones1.

wminda werilis alegoriuli ganmarteba ar yofila siax-le. am xerxs ufro adre farTod iyenebda filoni. magram, koplstonis azriT, origenes damsaxureba iyo is, rom igi bibliis filosofiuri, anu spekulaturi ganmartebis far-To perspeqtivas saxavda. origene filosofiis meSveobiT qristianul spekulatur Teologias aviTarebs. `sakuTriv TviTon Tvlida, rom aviTarebda qristianul `filosofias~ (mis mier gagebuls, rogorc sibrZnes), romlis Semamzade-beli iyo araqristianuli filosofia~2.

f. koplstonis naSromidan kargad Cans Tu ra mWidro urTierToba iyo Sua saukuneebis sawyis etapze filoso-fiasa da Teologias Soris. es ganwyoba SenarCunebuli iyo momdevno saukuneebSi, miT umetes erTi-ori saukunis Semdeg, rac naTlad mJRavndeba kapadokieli mamebis mso-flmxedvelobebTan areopagituli moZRvrebis damokide-bulebaSi.

1 Ф.Коплстон.dasax. naDSr., gv. 33-34.2 iqve, gv. 34.

192

$1. basili didi

basili didi (330-379) Tavisi moRvaweobis pirvel xaneb-Si grigol nazianzelTan (329-390) erTad ganudga miwier cxovrebas, magram maTi asketizmi didxans ar gagrZele-bula, wers wminda mamebisa da eklesiis maswavleblebis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sromebis avtori f. farari. am xnis ganmavlobaSi megobrebma, origenes (185-235/254) moZ-Rvrebaze damyarebiT, Seqmnes erTob Rirebuli wigni `mSve-nierebis siyvarulze~1. es wigni naTlad metyvelebs, Tu ra STabeWdileba mouxdenia origenes eklesiis am or mamaze. grigol nazianzeli daxmarebia basils saeklesio wesdebis SedgenaSi, romelic gaxda aRmosavleTis bevri monastris kodeqsi2.

basili didis praqtikuli moRvaweobidan gansakuTrebiT aRniSnaven mis brZolas eretikosebis winaaRmdeg. f. farari wers, rom sozomenis azriT, – basili rom ara, evnomesa da apolinaris eresebi helespontidan egviptemde gavrcelde-boda3.

1. basili didis msoflmxedvelobis Sefaseba

mkvlevarTa erTi nawili ioane petriwis `ganmarteba¡s~ bolosityvaobis wyarod miiCnevs basili didis Txzulebas `dawyebisaT¢s solomonis igavTa¡sa~. sakuTriv petriwi Ta-visi Txzulebis bolosityvaobaSi basili dids miiCnevs did praqtikos moRvawed. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa bolosi-

1 Ф. Фаррар.Жизнь и труды св. отцов и учителей церкви. С-Петербург,1891,gv. 399.

2 Targmnilia qarTulad da Sesulia wignSi – `didi sjulis kanoni~. Tb., 1975. dawvrilebiT ix. basili kesarielis `swav-laTa~ efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani. Tb., 1983, gv. 06-09; e. xin TibiZe. qarTul-berZnuli literaturuli urTierTobis istoriidan. Tb., 1982, gv. 209-211.

3 iqve, gv. 458.

193

tyvaobis is adgili, sadac saubari exeba basili didis az-rovnebis siRrmes: `gina vin iyo egeoden filosofosobiTa, ese igi ars ravdeni ra¡ ars saqmiTi da ravdeni mxedvelo-biTi filosofosobisa, vis aqunda egeodeni da ravdeni STamovals sityv¢erTa moqmedebaTa mosaCleobisaT¢s da winaaRmdgomobiTTa winadadebaTa da gamosaCinebelTaT¢s, romelsaca ganmsityuelobiTad £elovnebad saxelsdeben~1.

ioane petriwi aRniSnavs, rom grigol nazianzelma Ta-vis megobars – basils filosofosoba miawera, vinaidan yvelaferi, rasac filosofia gulisxmobs, man WeSmarit gzaze daayena: `rameTu filosofosoba¡ anu bunebiT-metyve-lebs da iTqumis mxedvelobiTad; anu qcevaTa da Cveule-baTa Seamkobs da iTqumis saqmiTad; anu sity¢erobiTTa wi-naaRmdegomobiT winadadebaTaT¢s STamovals, romelTa mier Sehmzadebs vidreme Sesaty¢ssa sjulTa T¢sTasa da ra¡ca igi enebos, xolo ukun aqcevs winaaRmdgomTasa da iwo-debis winaaRdgoma¡ metyuelebiTad da ganmsityuelobiTad. ese yovelnio, ity¢s, warmarTna didman b a s i l m a n ~.2 aqve petriwi wers, rom grigol nazianzelis Tanaxmad, basili didma `varskvlavT-mricxuelobis~ (astronomia), `queynis-mzomelobisa~ (geometria) da `mricxuelobiTisagan~ (ariT-metika) bevri aiRo, xolo danarCeni, rac qristianisTvis aragamosadegia, ukuagdo, maT Soris `varskulavTTxzva¡~ (astrologia).

ioane petriwi aRniSnavs basili didis kreacionistul ideebzec. man uaryo xiluli sinamdvilis RmerTTan erTad maradiuli arseboba: `xolo ese romel vina¡Tgan simrgule ra¡me gare urbis zecierTa, ese igi ars mnaTobierTa moZ-raobaTa, da mrgulisa sawyi ver £elis-£el misawTomel ars grZnobisa Cuenisagan, amisaT¢s udasawyisod maTgan meWue-loba¡ da mgonebloba¡ xilulisa amis soflisa¡ da RmrTisa

1 ioane petriwi. ganmarteba¡ proklesaT¢s diadoxosisa da platonurisa filosofiisaT¢s. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. gv. 224.

2 iqve.

194

Tana samaradiso ese da ravdenni ese viTarni siCqurni arian maTni, ganyarna da ganagevna~1. sayuradReboa is, rom ioane petriwi, romelic RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis sakiTx-Si neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciis gamgrZelebelia, ese igi, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis Tvalsazriss aRiarebs, aRniSnul sakiTxze basili didis misTvis miuReb-el Tvalsazriss ukritikod gadmoscems. es ki kvlav xazs usvams im garemoebas, Tu ra didi yuradRebiTa da pativ-iscemiT sargeblobda basili didi qarTul sinamdvileSi.

h. riteri aRniSnavs, rom basili didisa da grigol nazianzelis swavleba aTenSi neoplatonizmis niSniT mim-dinareobda. avtori kapadokieli mamebidan gansakuTrebiT aqebs grigol nosels. riteri did yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, rom kapadokieli mamebi iyenebdnen platonis, aris-totelesa da origenes msoflmxedvelobebs2.

v. loskis azriT, kapadokielebi (basili da orive grigoli) meryeoben RmerTis Semecnebadobisa da misi gamoxatulebis TvalsazrisTa Soris. jer kidev basili di-di, – aRniSnavs v. loski, – amtkicebda RmerTis arsebis mi-uRwevlobas da amasTan, misgan asxvavebda RmerTis arsebis `moqmedebebs~, romlebic Cvenamde eSveba da romlebSic RmerTis Secnoba xdeba3. v. loskis Tvalsazrisi sayuradRe-boa im mxrivac, rom kapadokielTa Semoqmedebis Sefasebis garda, is iZleva maT msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis damokidebulebis analizs. kerZod, v. loskis azriT, – areopagelma erTmaneTisgan gayo dadebiTi da uaryofiTo Teologia. neoplatonikosebisa da origenes-gan gansxvavebiT, romlebTanac dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Teologia ar upirispirdeba erTmaneTs, areopagitikis av-

1 ioane petriwi. dasax. naSr., gv. 224.2 H.Ritter.GeschichtederchristlichenPhilosophie.Hamburg,1841,Th.II,gv.

81, 83-84.3 В.Лосский.ОтрицательноебогословиевученииДионисияАреопагита.

Прага,1929,gv. 134.

195

tori uaryofs RmerTis yovelgvar gansazRvrebas1. amasTan, agrZelebs v. loski, klimenti aleqsandrielisa da kapadok-ielebisgan gansxvavebiT, dionise areopageli icavs saRmrTo saxelebis realur mniSvnelobas, riTac afuZnebs dadeb-iT Teologias2. v. loskis saboloo azri are opagitikaSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Teologiis damokidebulebis Ses-axeb aseTia: RmerTis uaryofiTi Semecneba, rogorc ufro srulyofili, upirispirdeba dadebiTs3.

aqve, v. loskis Tvalsazrisi dazustebas saWiroebs. jer erTi, areopagitikaSi aRiarebulia, rom RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba, ramdenadac RmerTi am daxasiaTebaze maRla dgas4. meorec: ar aris marTebuli arc is azri, TiTqos areopagitikis av-tori icavdes saRvTo saxelebis realur mniSvnelobas, ris safuZvelzec, rogorc v. loski aRniSnavs, fuZndeba dadeb-iTi Teologia. areopagitikaSi saRvTo saxelebi, kerZod, is predikatebi, romlebiTac RmerTs vaxasiaTebT, sinamd-vileSi ar Seesabameba RmerTis WeSmarit bunebas. isini sab-olood `aramsgavsi msgavsebebia~ da RmerTamde amaRleba maSinaa SesaZlebeli, roca am predikatebs Cven `aramsgavs msgavsebebad~ CavTvliT.5

v. loskis daskvniT, fsevdo-dionise Tavisi `RvTaebri-vi SeerTebiTa da dayofiT~, RmerTis `zearsebiTi bunebiT~ da misi `warmoSobiTa~ da `ZaliT~ amTavrebs didi kapad-okielebis da amave dros, gnostikosebisa da neoplatoni-kosebis moZRvrebaTa Ziebebs. RmerTis Zalisa da arsebis gansxvavebiT, is amtkicebs saRvTo saxelebis realuro-basa da RmerTis wvdomis SesaZleblobas, romelsac kapa-dokielebi mxolod miuaxlovdnen Teofaniis moZRvrebaSi.

1 В.Лосский.dasax. naSr., gv. 134.2 iqve, gv. 135.3 iqve, gv. 138.4 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 108.5 iqve.

196

amasTan, ganagrZobs v. loski, fsevdo-dionisem RvTaebri-vi gauyoflobis aRiarebiT, saxeldobr imiT, rom RmerTi ganuyoflad da dauSlelad imyofeba yvela ZalaSi, gaauqma neoplatonuri moZRvreba emanaciaze1.

v. loskis arc es azri unda iyos marTebuli, vinaidan areopagitikaSi RmerTis ganuyoflad da dauSlelad yofna arsebebSi, plotines filosofiidan modis da amdenad, aq areopagitikis avtori agrZelebs neoplatonur tradicias da ara, piriqiT2.

kapadokieli mamebis msoflmxedvelobaze sayuradRe-bo mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli g. maiorovs. basili di-dis Se saxeb igi aRniSnavs, rom bibliis komentirebisas is, amave dros, zrunavda saRvTo werilis azris ganmtkice-baze warmarTi avtoritetebiT, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, platoni3. magram avtoris SeniSvniT, basili bibliis iseT komentarebs ar uSvebda, rogorsac grigol nazianze-li da grigol noseli: `swored maT Sesaxeb, SemdgomSi ki fsevdo-dioniseze, yvela uflebiT SeiZleba vilapara-koT, rogorc qristian neoplatonikosebze. aRvniSnavT, rom kapadokielebis msoflmxedveloba warmoadgenda neop-la tonur-qristianuli sinTezis pirvel ganviTarebul formas~4.

sayuradReboa g. maiorovis is Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmad, basilTan RmerTi jer materias ki ar qmnis da misgan konkretul sagnebs, aramed RmerTi pirdapir qmnis konkretul sagnebs, romlebic Seicavs aqtiursa da pasiur

1 В. Лосский. dasax. naSr., gv. 13. v. loskis am Tvalsazrisze damyarebiT. areopagitika v. biCkovs araneoplatonurad miaCnia. ix В. Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики. «Византийский временник», М., 1976, т. 37, gv. 161-191.

2 areopagitikis es adgili emanaciis damadastureblad miaCnia germanel mkvlevar T. qristlibs. ix. Th.Christlieb.Leben und Lehre des Ioh.Scotus Erigena.Cotha, 1860, gv. 24, 51.

3 Г.Майоров.Формированиесредневековойфилософии.М.,1979, gv.149.4 iqve, gv. 150.

197

mxareebs. aqve, basili uaryofs plotines Tvalsazriss ma-teriis RmerTTan erTad maradiulad arsebobis Sesaxeb1.

g. maiorovi basili didis msoflmxedvelobaSi xedavs neoplatonizmis gavlenas. kerZod, basilis mier arsis dayofa RvTaebrivad, intelgibelurad da grZnobadad gva-gonebs plotines ierarqiul sistemas – erTi, nusi da suli.

qarTvel avtorTa gamokvlevebSi, romelic Sua sauku-neebis filosofiis istoriis problemebs exeba, naCvenebia dasavleTsa da bizantias Soris gansxvaveba antikurobis aTvisebaSi. Tuki dasavleTSi platonis moZRvrebis aTvise-ba da aRorZineba warmarTuli neoplatonizmis saxiT dai-wyo, bizantiaSi es procesi qristianuli neoplatonizmis safuZvelze xdeboda. eklesiis mamebis moRvaweoba dasav-leTSi patristikiT ganviTarda, aRmosavleTSi – `wminda mamebis~, anu `eklesiis mnaTobTa~ moRvaweobiT. `maSasadame, am periodis bizantiuri filosofiis specifikuri ganmasx-vavebeli niSani iyo bizantiaSi neoplatonizmis imTaviTve qristianuli formiT gavrceleba da wminda mamaTa moR-vaweobis daqvemdebareba marTlmadidebluri rwmenisadmi dasavleTis kaTolicizmisagan gansxvavebiT~2. statiis av-toris, meri WeliZis (1923-2011) azriT, sami didi kapado-kieli `...filosofiaSi platonis xazis damcvelebi arian da masze afuZneben qristianul orTodoqsul dogmatikas eretikosebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi~3. aRniSnulia agreTve, rom am sam moRvawesTan jer kidev Zlieri iyo antikuri az-rovnebisadmi, warmarTuli antikuri filosofiisadmi erT-guleba.

rogorc am mimoxilvidan vnaxeT, kapadokieli moRvawe-ebis msoflmxedvelobebSi filosofiuri nakadi jer kidev Zlieria. maTTan Teologiuri problematikis gverdiT,

1 Г.Майоров.dasax. naSr., gv. 152.2 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I

nawili, gv. 119.3 iqve.

198

mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia filosofiur Tvalsazriss. es ki, kidev erTxel cxadyofs, rom am epoqaSi filosofiisa da Teologiis mkacri gamijvna gamarTlebuli ar aris. amas adasturebs kapadokieli mamebis mimarTeba platonisa da neoplatonikosebis filosofiasTan, erTi mxriv, da, meo-re mxriv, maT SemoqmedebasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis damokidebuleba.

2. areopagitikis mimarTeba basili didis msoflmxed-velobasTan

basili didisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis garkvevisas Cven SevexebiT moZRvrebas Sesaqmesa da sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebulebaze.

Sesaqme. basili didis èqusTa dReTa¡~-Si specialuri traqtati eZRvneba samyaros Seqmnas. marTalia, sxva naS-romebSic Cans basilis pozicia Sesaqmis Taobaze, magram èqusTa dReTa¡~-Si misi Tvalsazrisi amomwuravadaa gad-mocemuli. sakuTriv èqusTa dReTa¡~ warmoadgens bibliis wignebis (dabadeba, I-III) basiliseul komentarebs.

Txzulebis SesavalSi basili imowmebs mose winaswar-metyvels, romlis Tanaxmadac, `RmerTman dahbada ca¡ da queyana¡~. Semdeg basili ganmartebas aZlevs damowmebul azrs. am ganmartebaSi basili saubrobs sibrZniT Seqmnaze (dabadebaze): `da vadidebdeT [£elovan]sa mas ganmamzadeb-elsa, romelman-igi dahbada sibrZniT da [guli]s£mavyoT Suenieri igi Suenierisagan xilulisa...~1.

zemoaRniSnuls cxadad adasturebs basili didis msje-loba RmerTis mier qveynisa da cis Seqmnaze. qveyana da ca `ganumzadebeli~ iyo da RmerTma Seqmna isini. aqve basili ganmartavs `ganmzadebulis~ cnebas, rac niSnavs mcenare-Ta aRmocenebas, yvavilTa da surnelebaTa arsebobas da a.S. yvelaferi es RmerTis nebiT xdeba, amitomac, rac ma-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis èqusTa dReTa¡sa~ da grigol noselis `kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~. Tb., 1964, gv. 29.

199

namde arsebobda, ese igi, manamde arsebul qveyanas ewodeba `ganumzadebeli~: `da esreT vityodiT cisaT¢s, viTarmed ganumzadeb[el iyo~]1. aq, pirvel rigSi, yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom basili `ganmzadebulSi~ cocxal sinamd-viles gulisxmobs, xolo `ganumzadebelSi~ imas, rac, ma-namde arsebobda.

basili didi Seqmnis cnebaSi ukve arsebuli sinamd-vilis wesrigSi moyvanas xom ar gulisxmobs? am eWvs aZlierebs basilis Semdegi azric: `viTar o[rnive] swor arian dabadebulobiT~2. rogorc vxedavT, basili aRiarebs `queynisa~ da `cis~ srulqmnas, rac imas niSnavs, rom, Tu misive sityvebiT vityviT, RmerTma `ganumzadebeli~ qvey-ana da ca `ganmzadebulad~ aqcia, ese igi, srulyofili gaxada, wesrigSi moiyvana, es ki ewinaaRmdegeba – samyaros arafrisgan Seqmnis religiur Tvalsazriss – kreacionizms, romelic ase damaxasiaTebelia saerTod basili didis Semo-qmedebisTvis.

rogor unda SeuTanxmdes basilis es azri mis saerTo pozicias Sesaqmis sakiTxSi? udavoa, rom Sesaqmis sakiTxSi basili didis Sexedulebebi Sinagani winaaRmdegobis Sem-cvelia, rac Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri az-rovnebis warmomadgenelTaTvis arcTu ise iSviaTi movlena iyo. konkretulad, es winaaRmdegoba basili didTan riT unda iyos ganpirobebuli? upirvelesad albaT imiT, rom basili didi, iseve rogorc grigol nazianzeli da grigol noseli, ganicdis antikuri filosofiis, kerZod, platoni-sa da neoplatonikosebis gavlenas. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zogierTi mkvlevari (h. riteri, v. loski, m. spe-ranski, g. maiorovi) xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `equsTa dRe-Ta¡~ dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis mecnierebis monapovars emyareba, ris gamoc am Txzulebas `mecnierul enciklope-diasac~ ki uwodeben (m. speranski).

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 30.2 iqve.

200

rac zemoT iTqva, basili didis SemoqmedebaSi ufro erTi epizodia, vidre saerTo tendenciis gamoxatuleba. basilis Semoqmedebis saerTo tendencia ki kreacionistu-lia. basili, roca `ganumzadebeli~ qveynidan `ganmzadebu-lis~ srulqmnaze saubrobs, iqve aRniSnavs: `xolo RmerT-man pirvelad yovlisa xilulisa¡ raJams ineba da izraxa, ra¡Tamca qmnna araarsni da viTar iyos sofeli ese, zrax-vasave Sina T¢ssa Seqmna si£Soi igi samkauliTa T¢siTa~1. rogorc vxedavT, basili aRiarebs im azrs, romlis Tanax-madac RmerTi Tavisi neba-surviliT qmnis yvelafers. es kidev erTxel cxads xdis Sesaqmis sakiTxSi basili didis msoflmxedvelobis kreacionistul xasiaTs.

bibliur Tqmulebas – `da Tqua RmerTman: iyavn naTe-li~, basili didi aseT ganmartebas urTavs: `pirvelman £ma-man RmrTisaman dahbada Sueniereba¡ naTlisa¡ da qmna naTe-li, Semusra mwuxroba¡ da gamoaCina Sueniereba¡ da Seamko yovelive, myis moiRo xilva¡ sawadeli da ca¡ igi, romeli iyo dafarul bneliTa, gamoCnda~2. aqac, rogorc vxedavT, Seqmna xdeba RmerTis neba-surviliT.

basilis azriT, RmerTis sityvas – `iyavn naTeli~, umal mohyveba sityvis saqmed qceva da, amasTan, RmerTis saqme iseTia, rasac ver miswvdeba adamianis azri: `i y a v n -n a T e l i da iqmna brZaneba¡ igi [saqme]d: iqmna buneba¡ igi, romel ara¡ umSvenieres ars missa saSuebelad, romelsa ver miswuTebis zraxva¡ kacobrivi~3.

saintereso ganmartebas aZlevs wm. basili gamoTqmebs – `£ma¡ uflisa¡~ da RmerTis `sityua¡ anu brZaneba¡~. basilis SeniSvniT, RmerTis xma, raRac WurWlidan gamosuli eqos msgavsia. aq yovelTvis RmerTis ganzraxva, neba-survili igulisxmeba: `da raJams vTquT, viTarmed £ma¡ uflisa¡, gina sityva¡ anu brZaneba¡, ara Tu amas vity¢T, viTarmed

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 31.2 iqve, gv. 36-37.3 iqve, gv. 37.

201

£ma¡ ra¡me gamoval WurWlisagan m£mobarisa, da arca es-reT gulis£ma-vhyofT, viTarmed sityua¡ RmrTeebisa¡ ars haeri, romel scems enasa Sina, aramed midrekasa zraxvisa misisasa vity¢T £mad, viTarca saqmesa gulis£mis-yofisaT¢s moswavleTa¡sa~1. aq Zneli ar unda iyos imis gageba, rom basili didis ganmartebis mizans Seadgens RmerTis moq-medebis Sesaxeb kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisis ganmtkiceba. amis naTeli dadasturebaa basilis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom Cven RmerTis xmaze, sityvasa da brZanebaze gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT vlaparakobT da sinamdvileSi es aRniSnavs RmerTis ganzraxvasa da neba-survils.

sayuradReboa agreTve basilis ukve aRniSnuli Tval-sazrisi: `da iqmna igi brZaneba¡ saqmed~. Tu gaviTval-iswinebT, rom RmerTis xma, sityva, brZaneba, basilis mixedviT, mis ganzraxvas niSnavs, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom basilTan brZa nebis saqmed qceva, gulisxmobs RmerTis gan-zraxvis sisruleSi moyvanas. maSasadame, sakmarisia Rmer-Tma ganizraxos, moisurvos, rom Sesabamisi aqtic ganxor-cieldes. aseTi ram ki damaxasiaTebelia transcendenturad gagebuli RmerTi-subieqtisTvis. am saxiTaa warmodgenili RmerTi bibliaSi da basili didi amis Sesabamis ganmartebas aZlevs.

`equsTa dReTa¡~-Si basili did komentarebs ukeTebs bibliur gamoTqmebs: `da ixila RmerTman naTeli igi, ra-meTu keTil ars~, `da ganaSora RmerTman Soris naTlisa mis da Soris bnelisa~ (dabadeba 1,40) da `da uwoda RmerTman naTelsa mas dRe da bnelsa mas uwoda Rame~ (dabadeba 1,5). basili sxvadasxva Sedarebis safuZvelze daaskvnis, rom RmerTis sikeTe gulisxmobs imas, rom misgan sargebels mi-iRebs nakleb srulyofilni arsebanic `da wameba¡ igi Rmer-Tisa¡ keTilisaT¢s ara Tual[Ta] mixedvisa SendomisaT¢s oden ars, aramed sargeblisaT¢s, romelsa miiwio misgan

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 37.

202

ukuana¡sknel, rameTu jereT arRa iyvnes Tualni vrm///naTlisasa~1.

rac Seexeba bibliur Tqmulebas RmerTis mier naTlisa da bnelis gancalkevebaze, basilis azriT, RmerTma Seqmna urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlenebi Seurevlad: `...igi ars, viTarmed Seqmna buneba¡ maTi winaaRmdgom erTmaneTisa da Seurevel da ganaSora Soris maTsa ganSorebiTa SoriTa~2. aq yuradReba unda mieqces Semdeg moments: Tuki adre basili didis TvalsazrisSi cisa da qveynis Seqmnaze, garkveuli azriT, arsebulTa wesrigSi moyvana SeiZleboda amogve-kiTxa (ramdenadac maSin SeqmnaSi basili `ganumzadeblis~, mouwesrigeblis RmerTis meSveobiT `ganmzadebulad~, mow-esrigebulad gadaqcevas gulisxmobda), aq ukve cxadad Cans, rom iseTi sayovelTao da bunebrivi movlena, rogoricaa sinaTle da sibnele, basils RmerTis nebiT dakanonebulad miaCnia.

es azri dasturdeba basilis SexedulebaSi dRisa da Ra-mis damokidebulebaze. basilis Tanaxmad, mzisgan haeri aris naTeli, xolo meore naxevari aris Crdili da es aris Rame. magram es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom dRe da Rame mzis moZ-raobiT iyos gamowveuli. yvelaferi es ganpirobebulia Se-qmnilis sinaTliT: `xolo maSin ara ZrviTa mzisa¡Ta iyo dRe da Rame, aramed warm///en///a naTlisa/// dabadebulisa¡Ta~3. rogorc vxedavT, aqac, sayovelTaod cnobili bunebrivi movlena – dedamiwis brunva Tavisi RerZis garSemo, rac ganapirobebs dRisa da Ramis arsebobas, basilis mier ax-snilia, rogorc SeqmnilTa sinaTlis safuZvelze. ese igi, dResa da Rames araferi kavSiri ar aqvs mzesTan. rac Se-exeba dRisa da Ramis faqtis axsnas SeqmnilTa sinaTliT, es azri sabolood RmerTamde midis, radganac Seqmnilic da misi sinaTlec RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili da bunebrivia, Tuki

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 38.2 iqve.3 iqve.

203

Seqmnilis sinaTle ganapirobebs dRisa da Ramis arsebobas, maSin isev RmerTia yvelaferi amis mizezi.

bibliaSi (`dabadeba~ 1,6) aRniSnulia: `da Tqua RmerT-man: iyavn samyaro¡ ganSorebul Soris wyalTa da wyalTa~. basili yuradRebas aqcevs am bibliur TqmulebaSi im mo-ments – Tu ratom da ra mizeziT Seqmna RmerTma samyaro: `guesma guSin sity¢sagan RmrTisa: i y a v n n a T e l i , da dRes guesma, viTarmed i y a v n s a m y a r o ¡ da amas Jams sagonebel ars, viTarmed SesZina ra¡me sityuasa, rameTu ar daSTa sityua¡ igi mciriTa saqmiTa, aramed moaswava mizezsa samyaro¡sasa da Tqua, ra¡Ta g a n a S o r o s S o -r i s w y a l T a d a w y a l T a ~1. aq wm. basils imis Tqma unda, rom RmerTma samyaro imisTvis gaaCina, rom wyali da xmeleTi erTmaneTisgan gaecalkevebina. eWvgareSea, rom basili samyaroSi dedamiwas gulisxmobs. swored dedami-wis xmeleTis meSveobiTaa wylebi erTmaneTisgan gayofili. amasTan, basilis es azri, adasturebs sxvadasxva mkvlevar-Ta mosazrebas `equsTa dReTa~-s Sesaxeb, rom es Txzuleba iTvaliswinebs imdroindeli mecnierebis ukanasknel monap-ovars.

basili didis azriT, `dahbada RmerTman naTeli da dahbada RmerTman samyaro~. amiT dasabamad gaaCina ca da qveyana, aRniSnuls ukavSirdeba sakiTxi cis warmoSobaze. basili ayenebs kiTxvebs: – pirvelad gaCnda ca Tu ara? SeiZleba Tu ara, iyos ori ca? am kiTxvebze pasuxis ga-cemisas, basili akritikebs antikur filosofias. cis Ses-axeb msjelobisas, basili cas samyaros uigivebs: `...ukueTu samyaro¡ ese, romelsa ewoda ca¡, ars igi ca¡, romeli-igi pirvelad daebada, anu ara? gina Tu orni cani ariana, anu ara?~2. roca basili caTa simravlis sakiTxze msjelobs, ma-Sin faqtobrivad mis winaSe dgas arsis simravlis sakiTxi, radganac igi xom cas samyarosTan aigivebs? aqedan ki cxa-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 40.2 iqve, gv. 41.

204

dia, Tu igi ratom akritikebs ase mkacrad imaT, vinc erT cas (ese igi, erT arss, erT samyaros) aRiarebs.

basili didis Tanaxmad, `rameTu ity¢an igini, viTarmed – ca¡ erTi arso, da ver SemZlebel ars bunebasa missa, ra¡Tamca iyo meore, anu mesame, anu mravalia, rameTu nivTi igi misi yoveli wargebul ars arsebasa Sina missao~1. vinc cis simravles uaryofs, ambobs basili, maTTvis samyaro (ca) mrgvalia, usasruloa da rogor SeiZleba mis Semdeg iyos meore da mesameo? amgvar azrebs basili mcdarad miiCnevs.

aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis kritikisas basils mxedvelo-baSi unda hyavdes eleaturi metafizikis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac erTi arsi aRiares da Tanac igi daaxasiaTes, ro-gorc sferoseburi. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom basili yvela warmarT moazrovnes rodi akritikebs, radganac, mis-ive SeniSvniT, maT Soris bevria, romelic mraval casa da mraval sofels aRiarebda.

rac Seexeba azrs imis Taobaze, rom mravali cis ar-sebobis dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia, basils es mosazreba sa-sacilod miaCnia da maT sawinaaRmdegod ori an orze meti cis arsebobas aRiarebs. `da sityua¡ ukue igi maTi, romelsa ity¢an, viTarmed v e r S e s a Z l e b e l a r s o, sacinels ars igi. xolo Cuen, daRacaTu SeviwynarebT orTa caTa, veZiebT mesamesaca, romelsa-igi xilvad Rirs iqmna wmida¡ pavle (II kor. 12,2) da fsalmunman, raJams c a n i moa£senna (fs. 148), moaswava, viTarmed mraval arian igini~2. aqac ueWvelad Cans, rom basili didisTvis miuRebelia anti-kuri warmarTuli filosofiuri Tvalsazrisi erTiani ar-sis Sesaxeb. es Tvalsazrisi, rogorc cnobilia, garkveuli saxecvlilebiT gvxdeba neoplatonur filosofiaSic. ker-Zod, neoplatonuri emanaciuri moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, Rmer-Ti samyaroSia, RmerTi da samyaro erTmaneTSia, eWvgareSea, rom, rodesac basili didi erTi cis arsebobis Tvalsaz-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv.41.2 iqve.

205

riss akritikebs, amiT sxvebTan erTad ar eTanxmeba arc neoplatonikosebis msoflmxedvelobas samyaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis Sesaxeb.

basili didis `equsTa dReTa¡s~ danarCeni nawilebic amave xasiaTisaa, sadac avtori axasiaTebs samyaros, aRniS-navs cecxlisa da wylis daniSnulebaze da sxv.

zogadad SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom `equsTa dReTa¡Si~ naTlad Cans basili didis, rogorc qristiani RvTism-etyvelis kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisi. Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna, am Txzulebis Sesaval nawilSi basili erTmane-Tisgan asxvavebs `ganumzadebelsa~ da `ganmzadebul~ sa-myaros, rac mouwesrigebeli da mowesrigebuli samyaros tolfasia. Txzu lebis am adgilas Sesaqme arsebulTa mow-esrigebis igiveobriv mniSvnelobas iZens. magram es aris gamonaklisi SemTxveva basili didis SemoqmedebaSi da ara misi moZRvrebis ZiriTadi tendencia. ZiriTadi tendenciis Tanaxmad ki, basili didTan RmerTi Tavisi neba-surviliT qmnis `queyanasa~ da `cas~.

axla rac Seexeba Sesaqmis sakiTxSi basili didis mso-flmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas. areopagitikis filosofiuri Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, ar-sebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan (RmerTidan) xdeba Sina-gani aucileblobiT; arsebebi gamomdinareoben pirvelmize-zidan da masve ukuubrundebian imave aucileblobiT, ra aucileblibiTac gamovidnen misgan. aRniSnul sakiTxSi are-opagitika – misi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobiT, neo-platonuri moZRvrebaa.

raSi mJRavndeba areopagituli emanatizmi arsebaTa war-moSobis sakiTxSi? areopagituli emanatizmze msjelobisas upirvelesad mimarTaven fsevdo-dionises im debulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT), iseve rogorc mze, yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe `gan-

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fens~ Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs da es Zalebi aRweven TviT yvelaze nakleb srulyofil arsebamde.1

areopagituli emanatizmi mJRavndeba agreTve sikeTisa (RmerTis) da sinamdvilis arsebaTa erTianobis fsevdo-di-oniseseul TvalsazrisSi, romlis Tanaxmadac, yovelgvari arsebuli gaerTianebulia sikeTesTan (RmerTTan).2

areopagitikaSi RmerTi da samyaro rom garkveuli az-riT erTianobaSia, amaze naTlad metyvelebs fsevdo-dio-nises azri RmerTis yvelgan da amave dros, arsad myofo-baze, rom RmerTi yvelafriT Seimecneba da amave dros, arc arafriT Seimecneba is3.

areopagitika agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradicias RmerTisa da arsebebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi. kerZod, aRiarebs arsebaTa gamosvlas RmerTidan, arsebaTaA yofnas da ukudabrunebas RmerTSive.

Tuki SevadarebT basili didis Tvalsazriss Sesaqmeze da areopagitul moZRvrebas arsebaTA warmoSobaze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am sakiTxebSi basili didsa da fsevdo-dionis-es araferi aqvT saerTo. aqedan gamomdinare, ar dastur-deba zogierTi avtoris mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom ar-eopagitikis ZiriTadi filosofiuri wyaro kapadokielebis msofl mxedveloba iyo. ufro zustad Tu vityviT, es mo-sazreba ar marTldeba basili didis Sesaqmeze moZRvrebisa da areopagitikis arsebaTA warmoSobis Tvalsazrisis Sedar-ebisas. maSasadame, basili didis msoflmxedveloba, kerZod, misi Tvalsazrisi Sesaqmeze, unda gamoiricxos, rogorc are opagitikis filosofiuri wyaro.

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.2 iqve, gv. 33.3 iqve, gv. 72.

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3. sikeTe da boroteba. basili didis SemoqmedebaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas. misi Txzuleba – `viTarmed ar ars RmerTi mizezi borotTa¡~ specialurad am sakiTxisadmi aris miZ-Rvnili. magram sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis kvlevi-sas basili didis SemoqmedebaSi mxolod am TxzulebiT ver davkmayofildebiT, radenadac èqusTaA dReTa¡Sic~ gvxv de-ba saintereso msjelobani am sakiTxebze. Tumca winaswar unda SevniSnoT, rom areopagitikisa da basili didis Semo-qmedebis mimarTeba am sakiTxSi, upirvelesad swored aRniS-nul specialur TxzulebaSia saZiebeli. sxvagan ki basili ufro sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis praqtikul mxa-reebs arkvevs (èqusTaA dReTa¡s“ gamoklebiT). saerTo az-ris Sesaqmnelad, mokled SevexoT sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas èqusTaA dReTa¡~-Si.

basili didi wers: àra Tu ufskruli igi iyo simravle ZalTaA winaaRmdgomTa¡, da arca iyo Zali borotisa £elm-wifebisa¡ winaaRmdgom keTilisa~1. basili didis es azri im mxrivaa saintereso, rom aq boroti keTils ar ewinaaRmde-geba. magram basili didi sikeTesa da borotebas Soris wi-naaRmdegobas uaryofs ara im azriT, rom isini sxvadasxva sibrtyeSi arian moTavsebuli, aramed imdenad, ramdenadac boroteba saerTod ar arsebobs da amitomac SeuZleblad miaCnia sikeTesa da borotebas Soris tol-sworobasa da wi-naaRmdegobaze saubari. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi maT Soris gauTavebeli brZola iqneboda da xan erTi gaimarjvebda da xan – meore: `rameTu odes orni ra¡me swor iyvnian urTier-Tas winaaRmdgomiTa, ukue ganmryunel aried igini urTier-Tisa da maradis aried igini SfoTsa Sina dausrulebelsa. Dda ukueTu sZlos erTman maTgaman ZaliTa T¢siTa moyuassa T¢ssa, warwymedel ars igi misi. da ukueTu Tquan, boroti esworebis winaaRmdgomiTao, ukue SemoiRon maT brZola¡ daucadebeli da ryunileba¡ daucxromeli, rameTu odesme

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 33.

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sZlevdes igi da odesme igi~1. Bbasili didis aq moyvanili Tvalsazrisi, jerjerobiT mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom Tuki sikeTesa da borotebas TanabarZalovani arsebobis unars mivaniWebT, maSin winaaRmdegobasTan gveqneba saqme. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am sakiTxis ganxilvisas basilis pozi-cia ufro filosofiuri xasiaTisaa da dasabuTebac Sesa-bamisad safuZvliania. amitomac, saintereso iqneba swored am sakiTxis gadawyvetis basiliseuli Tvalsazrisis Sedar-eba areopagitikasTan. magram misi poziciis gamosakveTad, jer SevexoT sxva sakiTxebsac.

basili didi aseT kiTxvas svams: SeiZleba ikiTxon, Tuki sikeTe borotebas mudam sZlevs, maSin mainc ratom arse-bobs boroteba? am kiTxvaze basilis pasuxi aseTia: umarTe-buloa morwmune kacisgan imis Tqma, rom borotebis arse-ba RmerTisgan momdinareobs, vinaidan yoveli erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego erTmaneTs ver daadgens: `da yoladve ara jer – ars morwmunisa kacisa Tqumad, viTarmed: arsoba¡ borotisa¡ RmrTisaganve arso, rameTu yovelive urTier-Tas winaaRmdgomi ver damamtkicebel ars erTmaneTisa~2. basilis azriT, ise, rogorc sicocxle ar SeiZleba CaiT-valos sikvdilis mSoblad da sibnele sinaTlis sawyisad, aseve avadmyofoba SeuZlebelia miCneul iqnes janmrT-elobis moqmedebad. amiT basili dids imis Tqma unda, rom RmerTi TviTon sikeTea da SeuZlebelia man boroteba war-moSvas. basilis es azri neoplatonuri filosofiidan unda momdinareobdes. plotinesTan xom RmerTi absolituri sik-eTea, xolo boroteba arasubstanciuria. am sakiTxSi basili didis TvalsazrisTan siaxloves amJRavnebs areopagitikac, rac SesaZlebelia erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis sargeblobiT iyos ganpirobebuli.

basili svams kiTxvas: Tuki boroteba warmouSobelia, is arc RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili, maSin raSi mdgomareobs misi

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 33.2 iqve, gv. 34.

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buneba? basili am kiTxvas svams imis gamo, rom borotebis arsebobas veravin uaryofs (`rameTu vervin sofelsa amas myofi uaryofs borotisa¡~). ese igi, basili angariSs uwevs im faqts, rom realur sinamdvileSi, cxovrebaSi borotebis arsebobas mainc aqvs adgili, amis uaryofa SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva: – ra aris boroteba da raSi mdgomareobs sinamdvileSi arsebuli borotebis arseba? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas basilis pozicia, SeiZleba iTqvas, naTelia: boroteba saTnoebis sawinaaRmdego movlenaa, is sikeTis moklebaa: `rameTu boroti ara ars buneba¡ cxoveli da sulieri, aramed aRZr-va¡ sulsa Sina, winaaRmgomi saTnovebisa¡, da arn igi udebTa Soris moklebisagan keTilisa~1. borotebis mizezi, basilis azriT, sxvagan ki ar unda veZeboT, aramed CvenSi, radganac boroteba nebisgan momdinareobs, `aramed romelsa zeda Sen £elmwife xar, nu eZieb mizezTa misTa gareSeT, aramed uwy-ode, viTarmed boroti WeSmariti nebisa midrekilebisagan ars~2. Tavisi azris naTelsayofad, basili aseT Sedarebas mimarTavs: gana bneli – sibnele Tavisi bunebiT, haeris vneba da sinaTlis klebis Sedegi araa: `bneli ese ara Tu bunebiT dgas, aramed vneba¡ ars igi haerTa Sina, da arn igi moklebi-sagan naTelisa~3. eWvgareSea, rom borotebis raobis Sesaxeb basili didis Tvalsazrissa da areopagitikas Soris siax-lovea. areopagitikaSic boroteba sikeTis klebaa. Mmagram mTavari isaa, gairkves es azri areopagitikaSi basili did-idan modis Tu maTi Tvalsazrisis msgavseba erTi wyaroTi, kerZod, plotines filosofiiT sargeblobis Sedegia. aqve gvinda erT garemoebaze gavamaxviloT yuradReba: `equesTaA dReTa¡~-Si, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, basili didi arsebi-Tad bibliuri Tqmulebebis ganmartebas iZleva. Mmagram is, rodesac sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas ixilavs, arc

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 34.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 35

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erTxel ar mimarTavs biblias, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom aRniSnul sakiTxSi basili didi filosofias emyareba da amitomac am sakiTxSi misi Tvalsazrisi ufro filosofiu-ria. amas isic adasturebs, rom, roca is borotebis uar-sobaze msjelobs, ZiriTadad Tavis daskvnebs sapirispiro TvalsazrisSi winaaRmdegobis Cvenebisa da mkacri logi-kuri dasabuTebis safuZvelze akeTebs.

rogorc iTqva, basili dids specialuri Txzuleba aqvs miZRvnili borotebis uarsobis Sesaxeb, romelic Sesulia basilis `swavlaTa~-s axal gamocemaSi1. am TxzulebaSi basili aviTarebs da aRrmavebs azrs borotebis ararse-bobis Sesaxeb, romelic mocemuli iyo `equsTaA dReTa¡~-Si. amasTan, orive am TxzulebaSi arsebiTad msjeloba exeba sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas Teoriul sferoSi. sxva naSromebSi ki basili borotebis cnebis idealur Sinaarss ki ar ixilavs, aramed imas, Tu praqtikuli cxovrebis qcevi-dan romelia boroteba da romeli – ara.

am TxzulebaSi basili aRniSnavs, rom erTnairi ugunure-ba da umecrebaa, vinc ityvis, rom RmerTi ar arsebobs da borotebis mizezia RmerTi. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTx-vevaSi, RmerTis arsebobaa uaryofili, vinaidan, Tu RmerTi borotebis mizezia, maSin is sikeTe ver iqneba: `rameTu Ses-worebulad pirvelisa mis vity¢ amissaca codvasa, vina¡Tgan ornive uarhyofen saxierebasa missa. erTi igi ity¢s, vi-Tarmed: yoladve ara ars da meore ese ity¢s, viTarmed: ara saxier ars. rameTu ukueTu mizezi ars igi borotTa¡, ara saxier ars da amisaT¢s sacnaur ars, viTarmed ornive ese, zogad uar-hyofen RmerTsa~2. aqac basili imeorebs im azrs, rom RmerTis gamocxadeba borotebis wyarod umarTe-buloa. es azri ukve Segvxvda `equesTa dReTa¡~-Si~, magram am TxzulebaSi basilis pozicia ufro mkveTria.

1 basili kesarielis ̀ swavlaTa~ efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani. Tb.,1983, gv. 54-68.

2 iqve, gv. 55-56.

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basili didis aRniSvniT, qveyanaze adgili aqvs ube-durebas (sikvdili, qalaqebisa daqceva, brZola da a. S.), yvelaferi es borotebaa. Tuki RmerTia yvelafris Semqm-neli da igi, amave dros, borotebis mizezi araa, maSin axla aRniSnuli borotebis mizezad vin miviCnioT Tu ara RmerTi? am kiTxvaze basili pasuxs ase iwyebs: Cven Rmer-Tis sikeTiT varT gaCenilni da misiTaa gansazRvruli Cveni sicocxle. RmerTia yvelafris gamgebeli, mciresi da didis, Cveni momavlis. Cven RmerTis nebis gareSe araferi ar Segvxvdeba, Cveni codvis garda, ris mizezic isev ise Cvena varT1. basili didis msjelobis mizania aCvenos, rom borotebis mizezia adamiani, misi TviTneboba. am azrs adas-turebs basilis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `da kualad borotTa maT jojoxeTisaTa ara RmerTi aqus mizezad, aramed T¢T Cuenni Tavni, rameTu dasabami da Ziri codvisa¡ ars Cueni neba¡ da T¢Tmflobeloba¡~.2

basili didi orgvar borotebas asxvavebs: erTi, romel-ic Cven gveCveneba borotad da meore, romelic Tavisi bunebiTaa boroti. borotebis es ukanaskneli saxe, basilis azriT, CveniTaa gansazRvruli. kerZod, usamarTloba, ugu nureba, sibinZure, Suri, kacis kvla... yvelaferi eseni RmerTis suls lanZRaven da mas abneleben, `...amaTni msgavs-ni vnebani, romelni xatad RmrTisa dabadebulsa mas sulsa Seagineben da daabneleben sikeTesa missa~3. aqac, cxadia, rom borotebis arseboba, basilis mixedviT, adamianis, misi arakeTili qcevebiTaa ganpirobebuli.

sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Semdgomi kvlevisas, basili didi mimarTavs biblias, imowmebs bibliur Tqmule-bebs, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom RmerTi gvicxadebs: me na-Tels vqmni da ara borotebas. bibliis am azrs basili ase ganmartavs: `aramed arca erTsa Sina amaT sityuaTagansa,

1 basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~..., gv. 56.2 iqve.3 iqve.

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romelsac aqundes goneba¡ da gulis£ma-hyofdes, ipoebis Sesmena¡ RmrTisa¡, viTarmca mizez da moqmed borotisa iyo~1.

basili didis Semdgom msjelobaSic, romelic ufro zogadi xasiaTisaa, boroteba kvlav warmodgenilia, ro-gorc sikeTis kleba: `da vina¡Tgan ese yoveli uwyi, dascx-er saqmisa magisagan, romel ara saTno geyofiani gangebani RvmrTisani da yoladve nucamca RmerTi Segiracxies miz-ezad borotisa, nuca kualad ggonies, Tu borotisa ra¡same arseba¡ ars T¢isagan. rameTu ara Tu ukeTureba¡ arsi ars viTarca cxoveli ra¡me, arca buneba¡ ra¡me ipoebis misi ar-sad mosruli, aramed dakleba¡ keTilsa¡ ars boroti~2. ro-gorc vxedavT, basili kvlav mtkiced da mkacrad afrTxi-lebs mkiTxvels, rom RmerTi borotebis mizezad ar iqnes miCneuli da, rom borotebas arsi ar gaaCnia da is sxva araferia Tu ara sikeTis dakleba (`dakleba¡ keTilsa¡ ars boroti~). es azri, rogorc ukve vnaxeT, basils gamoTqmuli aqvs agreTve, `equsTa dReTa¡~-Si.

basili didTan sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaSi gamoikveTa ZiriTadi Tezisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, boroteba sikeTis klebaa. iseve, rogorc basili didTan, aseve areopa-gitul moZRvrebaSic, boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinare-obs, igi sikeTis klebaa da misi gaCenis mizezia WeSmariteb-isgan gadaxra. areopagitikaSi xazgasmulia, rom boroteba aramaradiuli da SemTxveviTi movlenaa: `xolo ukueTu miRebiT aqus keTili da sx¢სagan aqus, da odesme aqus da odesme ara aqus. არაsadme RmრTisagan ars boroti, arca RmrTisa Soris, arc samaradiso, arca Jamier~3. fsevdo-dionise Tavisi moZRvrebis sxva adgilebSic imeorebs, rom RmerTi umaRlesi sikeTea da is borotebas ar warmoSobs.

1 basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~..., gv. 58.2 iqve, gv. 61. 3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

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areopagitikaSi gvxdeba basili didis azris analogiuri Sexeduleba borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze: `da uk-ueTu arara¡ arsTagani miuRebel ars keTilisa, borot ars mokleba¡ keTilisagan, xolo arara¡ arsTagani yovliTurT moklebul ars keTilisagan~1. rogroc aRniSnulidan Cans, basili didis Tvalsazrisi borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze, TiTqmis gadmosulia areopagitikaSi.

basili didTan borotebis arsebobis mizezi iyo WeS-maritisgan gadaxra, Cveni TviTneboba da a. S. areopagit-uli moZRvreba am sakiTxSic emsgavseba basili didis mso-flmxedvelobas. fsevdo-dionises azriT, sikeTis mizezi erTia da ramdenadac sikeTe borotebas upirispirdeba, ami-tomac borotebis mizezi mravali unda iyos. es mizezebia: uZlureba, zomierebis dakargva, aRreva, da a. S. `keTilTa mizezი erT ars. da ukueTu keTili borotisa winaaaRm-dgom ars, borotisa sadme mizezni mraval arian; ara xolo ese, garna borotis moqmed ara sityuani arian da Zalni, aramed uZlureba¡ da pirutyუeba¡ da uzomo¡ Tana aRreva¡ umsgavsoTa¡~2.

erTi sityviT, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sa-kiTxSi basili didis Semoqmedebasa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobas Soris msgavsebas namdvilad aqvs adgi-li. magram, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aq mTavaria dadgindes, Tu saidan momdinareobs es msgavseba – areopagitikaze basili didis Semoqmedebis uSualo gavleniT, Tu orive moazrovnis mier erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis safuZvelze.

aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad saWiroa gavixsenoT im gamokvlevebis ZiriTadi daskvnebi, romlebic specialu-rad miZRvnilia areopagitikaSi mocemuli borotebis ar-asubstanciurobis (`uarsobis~) Tvalsazrisis warmomavlo-bisadmi. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs i. Stiglmairisa da h. koxis gamokvlevebi.


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i. Stiglmairis azriT, sikeTeze fsevdo-dionises moZ-Rvreba mTlianad prokles Tvalsazriss emyareba, oRon-dac masTan es `qristianul samoselSia~ gaxveuli. Semdeg avtori aRniSnavs, rom, prokles azriT, boroteba materi-isTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli1, vinaidan igi maradiulia, masSi aris mSveniereba. amasTan, rac arsebobs – arsebobs sikeTis safuZvelze, amitomac materia, rogorc maradiu-lad arsebuli, ar Seicavs borotebas. aseTive viTarebaa areopagitikaSic. daskvnaSi avtori aRniSnavs fsevdo-di-onises Sromebis siaxloveze proklesa da eklesiis mamebis (basili didi, grigol noseli, grigol nazianzeli) mso-flmxedvelobebTan, rac, misi SeniSvniT, naTels xdis, rom fsevdo-dionise flobda Tavisi drois rogorc qristian-ul2, ise neoplatonur literaturas.

h. koxis azriT, dionises borotebaze moZRvreba mom-dinareobs prokles laTinurad SemorCenili Sromidan – de maloruma subsistentia3.

rogorc aRniSnulidan naTlad Cans, sikeTisa da boro-tebis mimarTebis sakiTxis warmomavloba areopagitul moZ-RvrebaSi arcTu ise ioli gadasawyvetia. erTi mxriv, eWvs ar unda iwvevdes am sakiTxSi basili didis Semoqmedebisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlove. meore mxriv ki, arsebobs angariSgasawevi mosazrebebi, romelTa Tanaxma-dac, borotebis arasubstanciurobis areopagituli Tval-sazrisi, prokles filosofiidan momdinareobs. eWvgareSea, rom fsevdo-dionise icnobs kapadokielTa Semoqmedebas da emyareba kidec maT. magram, rac Seexeba borotebis arasub-stanciurobis Tvalsazriss rogorc basili, ise prokle da

1 J. Stiglmayr. Der Neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage sogen. DionysiusAreopagitaindenIehrevomUebel.München,1895,HJB16,gv. 731.

2 iqve, gv. 748.3 H. Koch. Preudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinem Beziehungen zum

NeoplatonismusundMysterienwesen.Meinz,1900,gv.30.

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fsevdo-dionise plotines filosofiidan unda amodiod-nen. basili didis msgavsad aqvs gagebuli fsevdo-dionises borotebis, rogorc sikeTis klebis Tvalsazrisi, romel-ic uSualod gamomdinareobs sikeTis absoliturobisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisis aRiarebidan. es Tvalsazrisi ki pirvelad plotones filosofiaSi gvx-vdeba.

arsebiTi momenti proklesa da fsevdo-dionises mso-flmxedvelobaSi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze aris borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvnelobis gauqmeba. ukve aRiniSna, rom plotinem borotebis arasubstanci-urobis aRiarebis miuxedavad, boroteba mainc dauSva sike-Tis bunebis gamosamJRavneblad. es arsebiTi gansxvavebaa plotinesa da prokle-areopagelis Tvalsazrisebs Soris. aRniSnul sakiTxSi am mxriv basili didi ZiriTadad agrZe-lebs plotines da agreTve, religiuri msoflmxedvelobis Tvalsazriss, kerZod:L basili didis TxzulebaSi `ara ars RmerTi mizezi borotTa¡~ aRniSnavs, rom RmerTma Cven mogvaniWa unari eSmakis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad da mis dasamarcxeb lad. magram ratom aris eSmaki? Bbasilis azriT, RmerTma es ukeTureba Cven gamosacdelad Seqmna: `xolo i£mara ukeTureba¡ misi gamosacdelad sulTa CuenTa sibr-ZniT ganmgebelman man yovlisaman da wina¡swar cnobiT, vi-Tarca – igi mkurnalman gesli iqednisa¡ wamlad i£maris~1. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom eSmaki borotebis gansaxiere-baa, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom basili didis SemoqmedebaSi borotebas mainc gaaCnia garkveuli pozitiuri mniSvnelo-ba. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebulebis sakiTxSi basili didis Semoq-medebasa da areopagitul moZRvrebas Soris aris garkveuli siaxlove (Tundac Teza `boroteba sikeTis klebaa~ areop-agitikaSi SeiZleba basili didis Semoqmedebidan momdin-

1 basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~ ..., gv. 66.

216

areobdes), magram arsebiT sakiTxSi – borotebis pozitiuri mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb – maTi Tvalsazrisebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba1.

daskvna

1. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis sakiTxSi (`Sesaqme~) basili didis Semoqmedeba da areopagituli moZRvreba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. basili didis Tval-sazrisi aRniSnul sakiTSi gamokveTilad kreacionistulia, fsevdo-dionise areopagelis ki, ufro emanatizmisken ixre-ba.

2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi am ori moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaTa Soris aris siaxlove da mkveTri gansxvavebac. rogoc basili didTan, ise fsevdo-dionisesTan RmerTi mxolod sikeTes qmnis, boroteba `uar-soa~. magram basilTan, platonisa da plotines msgavsad, borotebas garkveuli pozitiuri mniSvneloba gaaCnia (pi-rvelebTan sikeTis gamosamJRavneblad, basili didiTan ki adamianis gamocdisTvis). proklesTan da areopagitikaSi ki, borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvnelobaa moxsnili.

$2 grigol nazianzeli

grigol nazianzeli (330-390), romelsac xSirad gri-gol RvTismetyvelis saxeliTac moixsenieben, Sua sauku-neebis religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebis tipuri warmo-madgenelia da mis SemoqmedebaSi gansja-ganxilvis sagania

1 basili didis es Tvalsazrisi pirdapir analogias poulobs ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobasTan. damaskelis azriT, RmerTma adamiani samoTxeSi SeuSva da gamocdis mizniT masTan eSmaki Seagzavna da adamianma ver sZlia cdunebas. damaskeli svams kiTxvas: RmerTs ra uSlida xels, rom mxolod sikeTe daeSva, raSi dasWirda borotebac? gamocdis gareSe araferi ar varga, ambobs damaskeli. ix. ИоаннДамаскин.Полное собраниесочинений.СПБ,1913,т.1,gv.118.

217

epoqis Sesabamisi problematika. mis sityvebSi, romelic 45-s iTvlis, gvxdeba filosofiur sakiTxebze msjelobebi.

grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedveloba neoplatonizmis gavlenas ganicdis. kapadokieli mamebis Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnil specialur naSromSi g. florovski ganixilavs zo-gierT sakiTxSi neoplatonizmTan grigol nazianzelis mso-flmxedvelobis damokidebulebas. avtoris azriT, grigol nazianzeli samebaze msjelobisas mimarTavs neoplatonuri filosofiis xerxebs1. grigol nazianzelisTvis sameba aris RvTaebrivi erTianobis raRac wrebrunva da aq igi imeorebs plotines azrs, kerZod: `RmerTi erTianobidan gadmovida (gadmoiRvara) siWarbis gamo da gaorda, radganac is ma-teriasa da formaze maRla dgas da iqca samebad srulyo-filebis gamo, raTa ar yofiliyo Raribi da ar yofiliyo usasrulo gadmoRvra; pirvel SemTxvevaSi iqneboda araf-ris mTqmeli, xolo meoreSi uwesrigoba~2.

g. florovskis azriT, es pirdapir plotines Tvals-azrisis gameorebaa, Tumca grigol nazianzeli iqve akeT-ebs SeniSvnas, romlis Tanaxmadac ver vityviT, rom es aris sikeTis gadmoRvra, rogorc es miiCnia erTma mofiloso-foso elinma (e. i. plotinem), roca msjelobda pirvel da meore sawyisze, pirdapir aseTi Sedareba gaakeTa: `rogorc Tasis napiridan gadmoiRvreba~ (plotine. V eneada. me-2 wigni, $1)3.

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis cnobili mkvle-vari etien Jilsoni (1884-1978) aRniSnavs, rom grigol na-zianzeli Teologiis poziciidan akritikebs filosofias. magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom igi uars ambobs filoso-fosobaze. piriqiT, is iTxovs, rom ikamaTon samyaroze, ma-

1 Г. Флоровский. Святой Григорий Богослов (http://antology.rchgi.spb.ru/Gregory–ofNazianzus/research–1.htm).

2 iqve.3 iqve.

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teriaze, arsebulebze, sikeTeze, borotebaze da a.S1. magram yvelaferi es, amis gansja grigol nazianzelis Tanaxmad, unda gakeTdes zomierad saRvTo werilis mixedviT.

filosofiis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs grigol nazianzelis moZRvreba RmerTze, romelic moi-cavs RmerTis daxasiaTebas, misdami adamianis miswrafebas, RmerTisa da mzis analogias, samebis sakiTxs. nazianzelis sityvebSi ganxilulia agreTve, eTikuri problematika. es sakiTxebi ZiriTadad gadmocemulia sityvebSi – RvTis-metyvelebis Sesaxeb (XXVII-XXXI), kerZod, 27-e da 28-e da agreTve me-20 da 25-e sityvebSi.

1. moZRvreba RmerTzegrigol nazianzelis moZRvreba RmerTze ZiriTadad

imeorebs epoqis sayovelTao religiur-filosofiur azrs RmerTis arsis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxze nazianzelis Sexedule-bebi TiTqmis yvela sityvaSi, qadagebaSi gvxdeba, magram filosofiis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi Sexedulebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad gadmocemulia 28-e sityvaSi, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTSi sityva da saqme erTi da igivea2!

amasTan, grigol nazianzelis azriT, RmerTze brZen-sityvaobis ufleba yvelas rodis aqvs. amis ufleba aqvT adamianebs, romlebmac mTeli cxovreba WvretaSi gaatares da pirvel rigSi ganiwmindes sakuTari suli da sxeuli. gan-wmendilebTaTvis ki, uwmindurebTan Sexeba arcTu ise usa-frTxoa, rogorc sust mxedvelTaTvis mzis sxivi3.

evnome aRiarebda RmerTis srul miRwevas adamianuri gonebiT. mis winaaRmdeg mimarTul 27-e sityvaSi grigol na-zianzeli moiTxovs zomierebis dacvas RmerTze saubrisas.

1 Э. Жильсон. Философия средние века.М.,2004, gv. 48.2 Григорий Богослов. Собрание творений в 2-х томах. Мн., Харвест, М.,

АСТ, 2000, 28-e sityva.3 iqve, 27 sityva.

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igi kategoriulad krZalavs RmerTis xsenebas im SemTxveva-Sic ki, ragind ra RvTismosavobiT ar unda keTdebodes es. akrZalvebi exeba agreTve, im SemTxvevebs, roca es udrood aris Sesrulebuli da arc zomierebaa daculi.

zomierebaze Tavisi azris gansamtkiceblad, grigol nazianzeli saintereso paralelebs mimarTavs. misi azriT, zomierebis dacvis gareSe yvelaferi kargavs azrs, `mSveni-eric ki ar ar aris mSvenieri, Tuki is urigod aris nawar-moebi, rogorc, magaliTad, sruliad Seusabamoa yvavilebi zamTarSi, mamakacis tansacmeli qalze da qalisa mamakac-ze, tirilis dros raRac Tanmimdevrobis dacva da nadimis dros cremlebi~1.

28-e sityvaSi grigol nazianzeli mimarTavs msmenels, rom is miiswrafoda RmerTis misawvdomad. am mizniT igi CamoSorda sagnebsa da sagnobriobas, ramdenadac SeeZlo CaiZira Tavis TavSi, roca adioda mTaze, roca mzera mi-apyro, TiTqmis dainaxa RmerTi. is, rac RmerTis ukanaa da rac RmerTis Semdegaa – eseni RmerTis Semecnebis saSuale-bas gvaZleven, ise rogorc mzis asaxva wyalSi warmodgenas gviqmnis mzeze. magram es aris mzis xilva susti mzeriT, radganac mzis mcxunvare sinaTles pirdapir rom SevxedoT mxedvelobas gagvifuWebs2. asevea RmerTis mzeris SemTx-vevaSic. ese igi, grigol nazianzelis azriT, RmerTze war-modgenas viqmniT imis meSveobiT, rac mis ukan da mis Sem-degaa. nazianzelis am sityvebSi igulisxmeba RmerTis mier Seqmnili arsebebi.

RmerTis gonebiT wvdoma, gageba Znelia, xolo misi gamoTqma SeuZlebeli – ase brZensityvaobda erTi elini RvTismetyveli (platoni), SeniSnavs grigol nazianzeli. igi platonis am azrs arc uaryofs da arc Rebulobs. sa-magierod, platonis am Tvalsazrisis aseT interpretacias

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr. 27-e sityva.2 iqve, 28-e sityva.

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iZleva: RmerTis gamoTqma SeuZlebelia, xolo misi gonebiTY codna, gageba ufro metad SeuZlebeli1.

grigol nazianzelis azriT, adamians ar SeuZlia Rmer-Tis srulad Semecneba, raSic mas xels uSlis sxeuli, xorci2. aq, erTi mxriv, SeiZleba paralelis gavleba plotinesTan, xolo, meore mxriv, fsevdo-dionisesTan. Tumca rogorc plotines filosofiaSi, ise areopagitul moZRvrebaSi es azri ufro gamokveTili da logikurad dasabuTebulia.

Semdeg grigol nazianzeli iwyebs RmerTis daxasiaTe-bas. RmerTi aris yvelafris SemoqmedebiTi da Sinaarso-brivi mizezi3. aqve, nazianzeli erTgvari ironiiT saubrobs imaT Sesaxeb, vinc fiqrobs, rom gaigo RmerTi, aqvs masze codna.

grigol nazianzelis gansjis sagani xdeba sakiTxi – RmerTs sxeuli aqvs Tu ara. RmerTi aris usasrulo, romel-sac ara aqvs sazRvari, Semoweriloba, mas ver vxedavT da a. S. gana aseT rames SeiZleba gaaCndes sxeuli? maSasadame, RmerTs ara aqvs sxeuli.

RmerTze grigol nazianzelis msjeloba axlos dgas neoplatonikosebis, kerZod, plotines TvalsazrisTan. na-zianzeli RmerTis warmodgenas, rogorc sxeulis mqones, uxeS cnebad miiCnevs. RmerTi rom sxeulis Semcveli iyos, maSin is iqneba simravle. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is simravlea, maSin is elementebis Semcveli iqneboda. amasTan, simravle brZolis dasawyisia, xolo brZola – dayofis safuZveli, dayofa – daSlis, xolo daSla araa damaxasiaTebeli Rmer-TisTvis4. ase rom, RmerTSi ar aris dayofa, sxva SemTxvevaSi gveqneboda daSla, rac RmerTis bunebisTvis SeuTavsebelia.

aq SeiZleba garkveuli paralelis gavleba grigol na-zianzelis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvre-

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.2 iqve.3 iqve.4 iqve.

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bas Soris. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, Tuki RmerTi ar aris erTi, maSin igi simravlis Semcveli da Tavis Tavis damSle-li iqneba1. rogorc vxedavT, nazianzelTanac da fsevdo-dionisesTanac RmerTi SeuZlebelia iyos simravle.

g. maiorovis azriT, grigol nazianzelis TeologiaSi, rogorc terminologiurad, ise arsebiTad siaxlovea neo-platonikosebTan. es gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans RmerTze, rogorc erTze moZRvrebaSi.

amasTan, aRniSnavs g. maiorovi, neoplatonizmTan siax-lovis miuxedavad, am moZRvrebebs Soris arsebiTi gansxvave-baa. magaliTad, pirveli erTi (RmerTi) neoplatonikosebT-an, romelic mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia, miekuTvneba TviT am realobas. maSin, roca grigol nazianzelis mier gagebuli erTi samyaros gareTaa, transcendenturia2.

g. maiorovi saintereso Sedarebas akeTebs, kerZod: Tuki neoplatonikosebTan erTisgan gadmoRvrili sinaTle aris samyaros Signidan momdinare, grigol nazianzelTan – es sinaTle imqveyniuria; neoplatonikosebis erTi aRemateba gonebas, ris gamoc goneba uZluria gamoxatos igi, `sadac mTavrdeba goneba, iq iwyeba sruli mdumareba, usityvoba~3.

grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagit-uli moZRvrebis mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa g. flo rov skis naSromis is adgili, sadac saubaria adamianuri cxov rebis arssa da mizanze, rac gulisxmobs RvTaebasTan namdvil gaerTianebas – `gaRmrTobas~. es SesaZlebelia ara imdenad adamianSi arsebuli `mbrZaneblobis~ RvTaebasTan msgavsebiT, aramed `RmerTis adamianurobis~ meSveobiT4.

grigol nazianzelis mixedviT, RmerTi daubadebelia, usawyisoa, ucvlelia, ukvdavia. raxan RmerTi usxeuloa, is

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv.49.2 Г.Майоров.Формированиесредневековоифилософии.М.,1979, gv. 157-

158.3 iqve, gv. 158.4 Г.Флоровский. dasax. naSr., gv. 17.

222

ar gamoxatavs da ar moicavs arsebebs, iseve rogorc sityva ar moicavs arsebebs1.

grigol nazianzeli RmerTis mimarT ufro marTebu-lad miiCnevs imis Cvenebas, Tu ra ar aris is, vidre ra aris, `radganac yvela xedavs, rom gacilebiT advilia is, rac arsebobs imis saSualebiT avxsnaT is, rac ar aris is, vidre gamovricxoT, rac is ar aris da am gziT vaCvenoT ra aris is~2.

mas Semdeg, rac gairkveva, rom RmerTi usxeuloa, gri-gol nazianzeli gansjis sagnad ixdis sakiTxs RmerTis sadme an arsad myofobaze. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom grigol na-zianzelis msjelobebi da daskvnebi gansaxilvel sakiTxze neoplatonizmis, kerZod, plotines filosofias mihyveba da misi avtoris filosofiur msoflmxedvelobasTan siax-lovis maCvenebelia 3.

aq ufro mniSvnelovania nazianzelis TvalsazrisTan areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlove. zeciur ierarqiaSi fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis gamosaxatavad adamianis sityva da goneba uZluria, amitomac mis Sesaxeb ukeTesia iTqvas, Tu ra ar aris is, vidre is – Tu ra aris is: `...SeusazRvrebel da ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden mas, romelTagan ara ra¡ igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars, esoden moeswavebis, romeli ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~4.

ufro adre msgavsi azri gvxvdeba plotinesTan. aq Sei-Zleba iTqvas, rom fsevdo-dionise areopageli TiTqmis ime-orebs grigol nazianzelis azrs.

grigol nazianzelis azriT, Tuki vityviT, rom RmerTi arsad ar arsebobs, SeiZleba Zalze cnobismoyvarem ikiTxos – maSin rogorRa arsebobs? radganac, Tu raime ar arse-bobs, is arsad ar aris; xolo is, rac arsad ar aris, saer-

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.2 iqve.3 plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $$5, 8, 9.4 areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

223

Tod ar arsebobs; Tuki RmerTi sadmea, maSin is an samyaro-Sia, an masze maRla.

Tuki RmerTi samyaroSia, maSin is an sadmea, an yvelgan. Tuki sadmea, maSin is SemosazRvruli iqneba mcire raRaciT; Tuki yvelgan iqneba RmerTi, maSin is simravliT (mravali raRaciT) iqneba SemosazRvruli. am SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom RmerTi, rogorc yvelafris momcveli, am yvelafriT SemosazRvruli iqneba. `ase rom, mTlianad RmerTi mTel samyaroSi iqneba SemosazRvruli da masSi arc erTi adgi-li ar darCeba SemousazRvreli~1. es aris siZnele, aRniS-navs grigol nazianzeli, Tuki davuSvebT, rom RmerTi aris samyaroSi.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom grigol nazianzeli am logi-kuri siZnelis aRniSvnis Semdeg Riad tovebs sakiTxs da sxva mimarTebiT agrZelebs msjlobas, kerZod, svams kiTx-vas: sad iyo adre RmerTi, vidre samyaro warmoiSoboda? aqac siZneleebTan gveqneba saqme, SeniSnavs nazianzeli. Tuki RmerTi samyaros maRlaa, nuTu ar aris raime, romel-ic gamoacalkevebda RmerTs maRla2. rogor warmovidginoT aRmatebuli da is, razec aRmetebulia, Tuki ar arsebobs zRvari, romelic sazRvars daudebda erTsac da meoresac? an kidev aucileblad unda iyos wre, romliTac Semosaz-Rvruli iqneboda samyaro da is, rac samyaros zeviTaa? aqac siZnelesTan gvaqvs saqme, aRniSnavs nazianzeli.3

aqve grigol nazianzeli SeniSnavs, rom RmerTi aucile-blad SemosazRvruli iqneba, Tuki mas gonebiT miRwevadad miviCnevT, radganac cnebac SemosazRvrulobis saxea4.

grigol nazianzeli RmerTis arsebobas, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigisa da kanonzomiere-biTac xsnis. samyaroSi, kerZod, dedamiwaze arsebuli yure-


224

ebi, tyis silamaze, wyaros wylebi, qari, zRva, mTebi, amdeni mravalferovneba da a. S. saidan yvelaferi es? am kiTxvaze gonebas sxva pasuxi ar gaaCnia, garda RmerTis nebisa.

grigol nazianzeli SeniSnavs – Tu ratom dauTmo am-deni dro RmerTze msjelobas. mxolod imis gamo, raTa eCvenebina, rom `adamianuri azrovnebisTvis RmerTi miuR-wevelia da Cven mas mTeli sisruliT ver warmovidgenT~1.

1) RmerTis wvdoma. Sua saukuneebis religiur-filo-sofiur azrovnebaSi, RmerTis daxasiaTebisas erT-erTi ZiriTadi – RmerTis wvdomis, RmerTTan gaerTianebis sak-iTxia, rasac mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia grigol nazian-zelis SemoqmedebaSi.

me-20 sityvas grigol nazianzeli RmerTTan adamianis mimarTebiT iwyebs da aRniSnavs, rom ukeTesad miaCnia sxe-ulisa da samyarosgan CamoSoreba, grZnobebis Caketva da ukiduresi aucileblobebis gareSe ar hqondes Sexeba ada-mianTan; sakuTar TavTan da RmerTTan saubriT, xilulze amaRlebulad cxovreba, yovelTvis wminda, macdur STabe-WdilebebTan Seureveli RmerTis saxeebis aRiareba iyo da ganuxrelad warmoadgens RmerTisa da RvTaebis daubnel-ebel sarkes, sinaTles SesZinos sinaTle, naklebad naTels – Saravandedi2.

yvelaferi es grigol nazianzelis aRniSvniT, saWiroa RmerTis wvdomisTvis. sxvanairad SeuZlebelia Sen Tavze aiRo sulebze mzrunveloba da miece RvTismetyvelebas3.

didi saqmeebis keTebamde grigol nazianzeli upirve-lesad aucileblad miiCnevs sakuTari Tavis ganwmendas da amis Semdeg wmidasTan (RmerTTan) saubars.

Semdeg grigol nazianzeli saubrobs im siZneleebze, rac Tan axlavs adamians sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisuflebi-

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.2 iqve.3 iqve.

225

sas da amas Tavs ver daaRwevs igi, vidre ar SeeSveba imis ganxilvas, rac mis Zalebs aRemateba1.

grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom yovelgvari gonieri buneba miiswrafvis RmerTisa da pirvelmizezisken, magram ver aRwevs mas axla ganxiluli mizezis gamo. es mizezi, ro-gorc vnaxeT, aris is, rom adamiani imis ganxilvas cdilobs, rac mis Zalebs aRemateba.

adamiani, grigol nazianzelis azriT, TiTqosda imyofe-ba winasasikvdilo tanjvaSi da ver uZlebs am tanjvas, eSve-ba axal morevSi, raTa mzera miapyros xilulebs da amisgan Seqmnas raRac RvTismagvari an kidev xilulis mSvenierebasa da keTilmowyobisgan Seimecnos RmerTi, [amisTvis] mxed-veloba gamoiyenos uxilavis saxelmZRvanelod, magram xi-lulis SesaniSnaobaSi mxedvelobidan ar dakargos RmerTi2.

grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom zemoaRniSnuli gaugebrobebis gamo adamianebma, rogorc RmerTs ise dauw-yes Tayvaniscema: zogierTma – mzes, zogierTma – mTvares, zogierTma – varskvlavebs, zogierTma – TviT cas Tavis mnaTobebiT da sxv.

zogierTma ki, miwis, wylis, haerisa da cecxlis Tayvanis-cema daiwyo, radganac isini yvelasTvis saWiro iyo da maT gareSe adamianis sicocxle da cxovreba SeuZlebelia; zo-gierTebi RmerTebad miiCnevdnen TviT adamianebis naxatebs, qandakebebs da warmoidgineT, moiazrebdnen mkvlelobis, simTvralis, risxvisa da sxva RmerTebs. amiT es adamianebi Tavisi codvebis gamarTlebas cdilobdnen. zogierTisTvis RmerTebi miwaze iyo, zogierTisTvis – qvesknelSi, zogier-TisTvis ki – caSi3.

saqme iqamdec mivida, rom RmerTis saxels ukavSirebd-nen zRvis urCxulebs – oTxfexa mcocavebs. mokled, am

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.2 iqve.3 iqve.

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TayvaniscemaSi Zneli iyo imis gageba Tu romeli iyo ufro aRmatebuli: Tayvanismcemeli Tu rasac Tayvans scemdnen1.

bolos grigol nazianzeli kiTxulobs, Tu vin aris sam-yaroSi arsebuli wesrigis wyaro, mizezi? is xom ara, vinc Seqmna da arsad aqcia isini? es xom ar aris SemTxveviTi momxdari? ra Tqma unda, ara da es sxva aravinaa Tu ara RmerTi2.

grigol nazianzelis aRniSvniT, aravis ar unaxavs Rmer-Tis buneba3. aq erTgvari araTanmimdevrulobaa nazianzelis azrebSi. sxvagan igi amis SesaZleblobebs uSvebs. saerTod, grigol nazianzelis sityvebSi, RmerTisken adamianis mis-wrafeba gamokveTili ar aris da Sorsaa antikuri neopla-tonizmisa (mag., plotine) da qristianuli neoplatonizmis (mag., fsevdo-dionise areopageli) warmomadgenelTa amg-vari Tvalsazrisisgan, romlebic filosofiur-inteleqtu-aluri xasiaTisaa.

2) RmerTisa da mzis analogia. grigol nazianzeli RmerTze msjelobisas ganixilavs ciur sinamdviles da ro-gorc dedamiwis, ise ciuri movlenebis axsnisTvis biblias mimarTavs4.

grigol nazianzeli saubrobs mzeze, romelic samya-ros centrSia da mTvareze, mis moZraobaze. igi sagangebod Cerdeba mzeze, msjelobs mzis saocar Tvisebebze, rom is sxva varskvlavebisgan gamoirCeva Tavisi sinaTliT, is mSven-ieria, rogorc sasiZo, didi da swrafia, igi samyaros erTi bolodan meoremde aTbobs yvelafers; amasTan, is aTbobs, magram Tavisi uvnebeli keTilSobilebiTa da mowesrigebu-li moZraobiT ar wvavs, yvelasTvis Riaa da yvelafers moi-cavs. erTi, araCveniani, SeniSnavs nazianzeli, ambobda, rom


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grZnobadobaSi mze iseTivea, rogorc azrovnebaSi RmerTi. `ise rogorc RmerTi gonebas, ise mze anaTebs mzeras~1.

RmerTisa da mzis analogiis areopagituli Tvalsazri-si, rogorc areopagituli filosofiis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda. es imis gamo, rom RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli analogiisas RmerTisgan arsebaTa warmoSobis aucileblobazea saubari2. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli ana-logia agrZelebs neoplatonuri, kerZod, plotines Tvals-azriss da sakiTxs ufro filosofiuri kuTxiT warmoaCens. rac Seexeba grigol nazianzelis pozicias am sakiTxSi igi agrZelebs qristianul tradicias, romlis msgavsi gvxdeba sxvadasxva RvTismetyvelTan (mag., ioane oqropirTan).

RmerTisa da mzis zemoaRniSnuli Sedarebisas, grigol nazianzeli svams kiTxvas: – ram moiyvana pirvelad mze moZraobaSi? riT axerxebs mze – es namdvili mniSvnelobiT uZravi, maradiul moZraobasa da brunvas, rogorc amas marTebulad umRerian poetebi; rogor axerxebs Seuwyve-tel moZraobas, rogor qmnis dRes da Rames, rogor xdeba dRisa da Ramis momateba da kleba, rogor icavs Tanabrobas am araTanabrobaSi? rogor awesrigebs weliwadis droTa mimarTebas?3

grigol nazianzeli aq mzesa da mTvares Soris pa-ralels mimarTavs. erTi batonobs dReze (mze), meore – Rameze (mTvare); erTi mxecebs Zalas matebs, meore – ada-mianebs Zalas aRudgens muSaobisTvis da a. S.

rogorc vxedavT, grigol nazianzeli mzesa da mis gamov lenaze laparakobs, rogorc ciur movlenaze, romel-ic RmerTis mier aris Seqmnili. yvela is kiTxva, romelsac svams nazianzeli mzis misamarTiT, pasuxad gulisxmobs RmerTis Zalauflebas mzeze.

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-31.3 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.

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2. samebis SesaxebmarTalia, samebaze moZRvreba filosofiuri Tvalsaz-

risiT nakleb mniSvnelovania, magram grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvrebas Soris raime kavSiri Tu arsebobs, aseTad erT-erTi swored same-bis sakiTxia.

e. Jilsonis azriT, grigol nazianzelis 45 sityvidan xuTSi (XVII-XXXI) – `xuTi sityva Teologiis Sesaxeb~ gad-mocemulia samebis dogmati, romelic `qristianuli Te-ologiis istoriaSi klasikurad iqca da cxadad gamoxatavs im inteleqtualur atmosferos, romelSic cxovrobdnen qristianebi – epoqaSi, rodesac warmoiTqva es qadagebani~1.

a. losevis azriT, nikea-konstantinepolis simboloSic ki gaurkveveli xdeba samebis ipostazebis zearsebiToba da zeSemecnebadoba; kapadokielebi mudam xazs usvamdnen RvTaebis zearsebiTobas, Seumecnebadobas, adamianuri Se-mecnebisa da azrovnebisTvis miuRwevlobas da a. S.2 amas filosofiisa da Teologiis istoriaSi apafotizmi ewodeba. kapadokielebTan es apofotizmi mxolod pirvel ipostazs (mamaRmerTs) ukavSirdeba.

trinitaruli sakiTxis sruli sicxadisTvis aucilebeli iyo am apofatizmis gavrceleba danarCen or ipostazzec, radganac yoveli maTgani gagebuli da ganmartebuli iyo, rogorc namdvili RmerTi am sityvis namdvili da erT-pirovnuli mniSvnelobiT3.

es sakiTxi konstantinepolis krebaze gadawyda, magram saqme amis iqiT aRar wasula.

am sakiTxSi, a. losevis azriT, sruli sicxade Seita-na fsevdo-dionise areopagelma naSromSi – `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~, romelSic mxolod imazea saubari – Tu ra ar aris RmerTi. amiT ki, areopagituli apofatizmi

1 Э.Жильсон. dasax. naSr., gv. 47.2 А.Лосев.Историяантичнойэстетики.М.,1992,книгаI,gv. 58.3 iqve. gv. 59.

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vrceldeba ara mxolod pirvel ipostazze, aramed danarCen orzec1. es zearsebiTi, zeyofieri da zeSeumecnebeli Rmer-Ti, areopagitikaSi mJRavndeba Tavis gamovlinebebsa da gamomdinareobebSi. swored zearsebul gamovlinebaSi unda gavigoT samive ipostazi. `yvelani isini – zearsebulni, ze-moazrebadi da zeSeumecnebelni arian~2. zearsebuli gamov-linebisas pirvel ipostazs vimecnebT, rogorc erTians, sawyissa da wyaros, meores – rogorc dayofil simravles, xolo mesames – rogorc madlian gamosvlas3.

a. losevis azriT, samebis kapadokiuri Teoria aris antikuri neoplatonizmis sami ipostazis dialeqtika, emanaciis, an ierarqiuli subordinaciis gamoklebiT.

a. losevis am SeniSvnebs sicxade Seaqvs aRniSnul sak-iTxSi grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopa-gitul moZRvrebas Soris mimarTebaSi.

grigol nazianzeli me-20 sityvaSi samebaze saubars iwyebs imiT, rom samebis wevrebis – sami ipostazis meSveo-biT gvTavazobs RmerTis Sesaxeb, rogorc TviTon SeniSnavs – mokle moZRvrebas. igi aRniSnavs, rom Cven qeds vixriT mamaRmerTis, ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidas mimarT. ar vurevT erTmaneTSi sam ipostazs, raTa savles aRtyinebaSi ar aR-movCndeT; rom erTi ar iyofa samze (sam arsebaze) – erT-maneTisgan gansxvavebaze da erTmaneTisTvis ucxoze, raTa ar mivideT arianelTa ugunurebamde.

grigol nazianzeli Tavisi azris gansamtkiceblad sau-brobs `Suagulze~ da aRniSnavs, rom aq mxedvelobaSi aqvs WeSmariteba, romelic aris erTi da romelic uaryofs ro-gorc uadgilo da Seusabamo Serevas, ise, da ufro metadac – brma dayofas4.

1 А.Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 59.2 iqve.3 iqve.4 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.

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aRniSnulidan cxadi xdeba, rom grigol nazianzelisTvis miuRebelia samebis wevrebis rogorc uadgilo da Seusa-bamo gaerTianeba, ise maTi brma dayofa, radganac `erT SemTxvevaSi, mravalRmerTianobis SiSiT RmerTis cneba Sem-cirebuli saxiT iqneba erT ipostazSi da darCeba mxolod misi SiSveli saxeli. amiT aRiarebuli iqneba, rom erTi da igive aris mamaRmerTic, Zec da suliwmidac; amasTan, amiT vasabuTebT ara imdenad imas, rom yvela isini – samive ip-ostazi aris erTi, ramdenadac imas, rom TiToeuli maTgani araferia, radganac erTmaneTSi gadasvliTa da Senacvle-biT – aRar iqnebian is, rac isini TavisTavad arian~1.

meore SemTxvevaSi, ese igi, RvTaebis sam arsebad brma dayofisas, saxeze gveqneba erTmaneTisTvis ucxo, araTana-bari da dacalkevebuli, usawyiso, araTanadaqvemdebare-buli, SeiZleba iTqvas, RvTis sawinaaRmdego arsebebi da a. S. am dayofiT RvTaebas SemovsazRvravT erTi TvisebiT – daubadebeli, riTac iseTive borotebas CavdivarT, rogorc ipostazebis uadgilo gaerTianebiT. metic, sami sawyisisa da sami RmerTis meSveobiT gaerTianebaze met ugunurebas CavdivarT2.

grigol nazianzeli eZebs swored im `Suaguls~ (oqros Suaguls?), romelic erTarseba samis – samebis dasaxasiaTe-blad da Sesafaseblad yvelaze misaRebi iqneba. igi aRniS-navs, rom mamaRmerTs ar unda CamovaciloT imis Tviseba rom iyos mama, Ze-s rom hqondes Ze-s Tviseba. ar unda Camo-vaciloT mamaRmerTs mamobis Rirseba, sawyisisa da mSoblis funqcia. sxva SemTxvevaSi is – Ze-sa da suliwmidaSi gan-Wvretili RvTaebis mizezi ki ar iqneba, aramed ufro daba-lisa da Seufereblis sawyisi. amitomac araa saWiro erTi RmerTis rwmenasTan erTad, iqadago sami ipostazi, anu sami saxe, amasTan, yoveli maTgani RmerTis TvisebiT3.

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.2 iqve.3 iqve.

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Cemi rwmeniT, aRniSnavs grigol nazianzeli, unda davic-vaT erTi RmerTis rwmena, roca Ze-ca da suliwmidac mie-kuTvnebian mizezs (magram arc Sekrebili da arc Sereuli saxiT), rogorc RvTaebis moZraobasa da survils, ise arsis igiveobis mixedviT1.

grigol nazianzeli, roca msjelobs RmerTze, rogorc erTze, plotines filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvre-bisgan gansxvavebiT, masTan ver vxdebiT imis damajerebel dasabuTebas – Tu ratom aris RmerTi erTi. SeiZleba iTq-vas, rom am sakiTxSi kapadokiel mamebTan, kerZod, gri-gol nazianzelTan SedarebiT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi filosofiuri tendenciis arseboba eWvgareSea.

grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom, Tuki davuSvebT sami ipostazis rwmenas, yovelgvari Sefasebisa da Serwymis gareSe, romelTa Sedegadac imaze metia pativiscema, vidre saWiroa, yvelaferi moispoba; roca daculi iqneba pirovnu-li Tvisebebi, roca mamaRmerTs warmovidgenT usawyisod da sawyisad (sawyisad, rogorc mizezs, rogorc wyaros), xolo ZeRmerTs – sruliad usawyisod, magram, amasTan, yovelg-varis sawyisad2.

RmerT-samebaze, sawyisze msjelobisas, grigol nazian-zeli kategoriulad moiTxovs drois faqtoris gamoricx-vas, ar unda vigulisxmoT raime saSualo dambadebelsa da dabadebuls Soris, buneba ar und davyoT maradiulad da droSi arsebulad. amasTan, `Tuki dro ZeRmerTze ufrosia, maSin ueWvelia, rom mamaRmerTi ZeRmerTze ufro adre yo-fila drois mizezi~3.

sxva SemTxvevaSi grigol nazianzeli xedavs winaaRmde-gobas, kerZod: rogor SeiZleba drois Semqmneli iyos is (mamaRmerTi), romelic TviTon aris droiT gansazRvru-li? rogor SeiZleba yvelasa da yvelafris mizezi iyos is


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(mamaRmerTi), romelzec dro batonobs? ase rom, mamaRmerTi usawyisoa, radganac aravisgan, maT Soris, Tavisi Tavisga-nac ki ara aqvs aRebuli arsi, yofiereba1. aq, mTargmnelis SeniSvnaSi marTebuli komentaria gakeTebuli: RmerTs Tu Tavis Tavidan eqneboda yofiereba, maSin RmerTi ori gam-ovidoda, rac dauSvebelia.

rac Seexeba ZeRmerTs, Tuki mis mizezad warmovid-genT mamaRmerTs, is usawyisoa (radganac misi sawyisi aris mamaRmerTi, rogorc mizezi); Tuki ZeRmerTs ganvixilavT drosTan mimarTebiT, is maSinac usawyisoa, radganac drois meufes, gamgebels ara aqvs sawyisi droSi2.

aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom grigol nazianzelis axla ganxilul TvalsazrisSi yovelTvis ar aris sicxade, ker-Zod: namdvilad ar Cans Tu ra gadaulaxavi siZnelea sami ipostazis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi. pirvel rigSi, es exeba cal-calke warmodgenili samebis ipostazebs yovelgvari Serevisa da Sekrebis gareSe.

grigol nazianzeli saubrobs RmerTze, rogorc yvela-fris dambadabelze, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba ada-mianuri dabadebisgan. igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTSi survi-li da moqmedeba erTmaneTs emTxveva3. aqedan, cxadia, rom sxva nairad qmnis adamiani da sxvanairad yvelafris Semqm-neli – RmerTi.

RmerTi, grigol nazianzelis azriT, adamianisgan gan-sxvavebiT, arsad, arsebulad aqcevs imas, rac adre ar ar-sebobda. me, ganagrZobs nazianzeli, ar vambob imas, rom mamaRmerTisgan ZeRmerTi warmoiSva, rogorc masSi – mamaSi adre arsebuli da Semdeg gaxda arsebuli; me ar vambob imas, rom ZeRmerTi adre iyo arasrulyofili da Semdeg gaxda srulyofili.


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grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom is qadagebs Rmer-Tis (mamis) daubadeblobaze (arasodes dauSvebs goneba, rom is odesme ar arsebobda), amasTan, qadagebs, rom ZeRmerTi dabadebulia. ase rom, erTmaneTs emTxveva mamaRmerTis arsi da misgan mxolodSobili arsebuli da ara mis Semdeg dabadebuli; gana davuSvebT erT sawyisze warmodgenaSi, sawyiss da agreTve mizezs, SeniSnavs nazianzeli.

grigol nazianzeli RvTaebrivi dabadebis arsis gasage-bad aseT magaliTs mimarTavs: adamiani, romelic yvelaf-ris danaxvas cdilobs, mas mxedveloba ufuWdeba. ar unda ecado imis gagebas, rasac verasodes gaigeb. RvTaebrivi dabadebis Sesaxeb nu ecdebi icode am dabadebis saxeze. `gaige, rom suliwmida momdinareobs mamaRmerTisgan: nu gamoiCen cnobismoyvareobas icode, rogor momdinareobs~1.

rogorc vxedavT, roca grigol nazianzeli saubrobs mamaRmerTTan ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidis mimarTebaze, pi-rvel SemTxvevaSi aRniSnavs `dabadebas~, meoreSi – `gamom-dinareobas~.

grigol nazianzeli samebis sakiTxs exeba 25-e sityvaSic, sadac ZiriTadad ganxilulia me-20 sityvaSi gamoTqmuli azrebi. aqac aRniSnulia, rom RmerTi badebs RvTaebrivad, da ara adamianurad, radganac misi arsi ar aris adamianuri2.

aqve ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom isini usawyisoni arian mizezTan (e. i. mamaRmerTis mimarT), radganac ise rogorc mzisgan sinaTle, aseve isini Rmer-Tisgan arian, magram ara mis Semdeg3.

ganvixiloT samebis sakiTxi areopagitul moZRvre-baSi, romelic ganxilulia traqtatebSi – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ da `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~.

areopagituli filosofiis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, rom aq mTavaria moZRvreba pirvel erTze, RmerTze da yvela dan-arCeni sakiTxi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir masTan aris kavS-

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.2 iqve, 25-e sityva.3 iqve.

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irSi. asea samebis sakiTxSic. sayuradReboa, rom am wminda religiur sakiTxs fsevdo-dionise exeba Tavis SedarebiT filosofiur naSromSi – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ da isic maSin, roca axasiaTebs pirvel erTs, RmerTs.

`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-2 TavSi fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom Seurevlad da Seurwymelad (Sdr. nazianze-li) imyofeba pirveli erTi, romelic aris zeSTaarsebuli da aris zeSTaarsebiT RvTaebaTa (e. i. samebis wevrTa, – m. m.) wyaro. RvTaebaTa wyaro aris mamaRmerTi da ara ZeR-merTi da mTel sinamdvileze vrceldeba RmerTis batono-ba – `aramed mxolo zeSTaarsebisa RmrTeebisa wyaro ars mama¡ da ara ars mama¡ Ze, arca Ze mama¡ aramed samaradisod scavs TiToeuli guami RmerT-mTavrobisa¡ mravalsagalo-belsa T¢Tebasa T¢sisa saxelisasa keTilad siwmidiT da ucvalebelad~1. aq, rogorc vxedavT, naTqvamia, rom mTeli sinamdvilis mizezi da wyaro aris mamaRmerTi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ZeRmerTi. am aRniSvniT fsevdi-dionise agrZe-lebs qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis tradicias aRniSnul sakiTxSi.

a. losevi, rogorc vnaxeT, areopagituli moZRvrebis damsaxurebad miiCnevs sruli apofatizmis Tvalsazrisis gatarebas da agreTve, samebis ipostazebis TanabarZal-ovnad, zeSTaaRmatebulad warmodgenas. marTlacda, `saRm-rToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-2 Tavis $8-Si, sadac aRniSnulia, rom yoveli saRmrTo mamoba da Zeoba momdinareobs uzeSTaesi, zeaRmatebuli mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis meufobisgan, `da mama¡ da Ze yovlisa saRmrTo¡sa mamobisa da Zeobisa zeSTaaRmatebulad aRmaRlebul arian~.2

Tuki fsevdo-dionise axla ganxilul adgilas saubrobs mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis, SeiZleba iTqvas, TanabarZal-ovan zeSTaaRmatebulobaze, amave traqtatSi, cota qve-moT wers saerTod samebis zeSTaaRmatebulobaze, `rameTu


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yovlad wmindani igi da umoxucebulesni Zalni namdv¢lve zeSTa arian da reca Tu winabWeTa arsebaTa uzeSTaesisa samebisaTa damyarebul arian~1.

es imis gamo, rom ganagrZobs fsevdo-dionise – mis-gan aqvT arsi da RvTaebrivi arsic udaresTa Soris TviT yvelaze cud (`udaresTa udaresi~) arsebebs da ukanasknel-Ta Soris ukanasknelebs.

sainteresoa, rom traqtatSi – samebis sakiTxis ganx-ilvas fsevdo-dionise iwyebs im TaviT, romlis saTauric aris `saRmrTo nislis Sesaxeb~ (`viTarmed ra¡ ars saRmr-To¡ nisli~). dasawyisSive fsevdo-dionise mimarTavs same-bas – RmerTs, rogorc umaRles arsebas, umaRles erTsa da umaRles sikeTes, rogorc qristianTa RvTaebrivad brZen zedamxevels da a. S.2

areopagitikis am adgilidan cxadi xdeba aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sefasebisas a. losevis Tvalsazrisis marTebulo-ba, kerZod: aq sameba warmodgenlia ganuyoflad, rogorc umaRlesi arseba, umaRlesi RmerTi da umaRlesi sikeTe, razedac miuTiTebs a. losevi da rasac wingadadgmul na-bijad miiCnevs kapadokieli mamebis RvTismetyvelebasTan SedarebiT, sadac cxadad ar Cans sami ipostazis zearsebi-Toba da zeSemecnebadoba3.

fsevdo-dionise amave traqtatSi saubrobs RmerTze, romlis Sesaxeb dadebiTi RvTismetyveleba gveubneba, ker-Zod: igi aris RvTaebrivi da keTili bunebis, aris erTi, rogorc sami (`erTarseba sami~), igi iwodeba mamad da Zed, usxeulo da ganuyofelia da a. S.4 aqac cxadad Cans, rom fsevdo-dionisesTan sameba erTia, umaRlesi arseba da umaRlesi sikeTea; sakmarisia areopagitikis es adgili Se-vadaroT grigol nazianzelis Tvalsazriss aRniSnul sak-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 63.2 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.3 А. Лосев. История античной эстетики. М.,1992, книга I, gv. 58.4 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 226.

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iTxSi da cxadad davinaxavT gansxvavebas maT Soris, rom-elzedac miuTiTebs a. losevi.

aRniSnuli traqtatis dasasruls fsevdo-dionisesTan, rogorc amas a. losevi aRniSnavs, sruliad zeimobs apo-fatizmi – RmerTis absoluturi negacia1. fsevdo-dionises es sruli apofatizmi, erTi mxriv, winamdebare naSromSi gamoyenebulia RmerTis absoluturi negaciis ganxilvisas, meore mxriv ki – samebis sakiTxSi, kerZod, swored amgvari absoluturi negaciiT, sruli apofatizmiT areopagituli moZRvrebis RmerTi-sameba gansxvavdeba kapadokielTa, Cven SemTxvevaSi, grigol nazianzelis RmerTi-samebisgan.

3. eTikis sakiTxebigrigol nazianzelis sityvebSi gvxdeba saubrebi sike-

Tis Sesaxeb. Tumca, am sityvebSi igi ufro praqtikul-religiuri CarCoebiT ifargleba da sakiTxs ar ixilavs ontologiuri kuTxiT, Tundac, rogorc es basili didis msoflmxedvelobaSia.

sikeTesTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi upiratesad ganxi-lulia 25-e sityvaSi, romlis dasawyisSi nazianzeli saqeb sityvebs ar iSurebs WeSmariti filosofiisadmi da gans-jis sagnad ixdis keTilSobilebis cnebas. aRniSnavs, rom mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs ara brbos gagebuli keTilSobile-ba. Sors Cvengan da filosofiisgan iseTi keTilSobileba, romelic saTaves iRebs zRaprebsa da yoyoCobaSi. piriqiT, agrZelebs nazianzeli da mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs keTilSo-bileba, romlis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia: RvTismosavoba, keTili zneoba da miswrafeba pirveli sikeTisken – Cveni sawyisisken2.

grigol nazianzeli fufunebas, simdidresa da Zlevamo-silebas did borotebad Tvlis da maT uarsayofad miiCnevs, radganac fufuneba pirveli borotebaTagania, simdidre

1 А. Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 58.2 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.

237

siRaribes ganapirobebs, xolo Zlevamosileba – sxvaTa uZlurebas1.

am konteqstSi grigol nazianzeli dadebiTad moix-seniebs filosofias, romelic Tokavs emociebs da gmobs sxeulebrivs, ebrZvis xiluls da bunebrivi Zalebis yvela medidurobas, yvela TviTnebobas, romelic maradiulis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli.

am gzaze Semdgari filosofia saWirod ar Tvlis gan-sajos, Tu romeli sibrZne airCios: garegani, romelic WeS-maritebis aCrdilia Tu garegnulad Semguebluri, magram Sinaganad amaRlebuli da RmerTisken mimavali2. amgvari filosofiis warmomadgenlad miiCnevs herons, romelsac eZRvneba 25-e sityva da mas asxvavebs sxva berZeni (anti-kuri) filosofosebisgan.

grigol nazianzeli filosofiisa da filosofos-ebisadmi gansxvavebul damokidebulebas amJRavnebs da es sulac ar miuTiTebs misi msoflmxedvelobis araTanmim-devrulobaze am sakiTxSi. igi amgvari Sefasebisas sxva-dasxva skolis filosofosebs gulisxmobs. misTvis misaRe-bia kinikosebis pozicia, miuRebelia platoni, nawilobriv misaRebia neoplatonikosebi da a. S.

heroni, grigol nazianzelis azriT, irCevs maT gzas (Sinaganad amaRlebuli da RmerTisken mimavali) da sulac ar uwevs angariSs berZen filosofosebs, romlebic did yuradRebas uTmobdnen sityvis silamazes. misTvis upir-velesi aris is, `gaigos, Cveni gzebidan romelia upirve-lesi da sasargeblo rogorc misTvis, ise nebismieri qris-tianisTvis, radganac is sulis niSnad yvelaze srulad da brZnu lad Tvlida imas, rom yovelgvar saqmeSi, kerZoSi mocemuli iyos zogadi; imitom, rom yovel Cvengans yofi-ereba mocemuli aqvs ara mxolod Tavis TavisTvis, aramed

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva.2 iqve.

238

sxvebisTvisac, romlebic misi bunebisani arian da gaCenili arian erTi Semoqmedis mier erTi miznisTvis~1.

grigoln nazianzeli exeba saTnoebis sakiTxs da sau-brobs taZarSi misasvlel gzaze. misi aRniSvniT, arsebobs cxovrebisa da arCevanis sxvadasxva saxe da maTgan rome-lime Tu emsaxureba rwmenas da ratom vuwodebT Cven maT gzebs. kiTxva aseTia: – yvelam am gzaze unda viaroT Tu romelime maTganze? ramdeni gza SeiZleba arsebobdes an kidev upiratesoba romel gzas unda mieniWos?

grigol nazianzeli svams kiTxvas: – ra igulisxmeba sityvaSi, romlis Tanaxmadac gza erTia da amasTan, viwro? aq igulisxmeba, saTnoebasTan mimarTeba, radganac is aris erTi, Tumca mraval saxed iyofa. viwroa im gagebiT, rom bevrisTvis gauvalia. kerZod, im mravalricxovani mowi-naaRmdegeTaTvis, yvela imaTTvis, vinc biwierebis gziT dadis. es erTaderTi – saTnoebis gza aris marTebuli, romelic taZarTan migviyvans da aq imowmebs pavle mo-ciquls – `yvela gana mociqulia? yvela gana winaswarme-tyvelia? da a. S.~ (I korinTelTa, 12:29)2.

grigol nazianzelis es azri ase unda gavigoT: aris sakiTxebi, romlebic pirdapir unda miviRoT da gansjas ar eqvemdebareba. Cven SemTxvevaSi es exeba saTnoebis gzas, romelic erTaderTia da taZrisken mivyavarT.

saintereso azri aqvs gamoTqmuli grigol nazianzels gandegilobaze. igi aRniSnavs, rom sakuTari TvaliT hyavs nanaxi udabnoSi mcxovrebi gandegilebi. TavisTavad es mov-lena maRali rangisaa da mniSvnelovani da aRemateba ada-mianur Zalebs. magram, amasTan, es movlena CaketilobiT xasiaTdeba da moklebulia siyvarulis Tvisebebs – gulRia-obasa da Semwynareblobas3. siyvaruli ki, rogorc cnobil-ia, iyo da aris erTi-erTi pirveli saTnoebaTagani. amasTan,

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva.2 iqve, 27-e sityva.3 iqve, 25-e sityva.

239

nazianzelis azriT, gandegiloba saqmesTan daSorebuli cxovrebaa, romlis Semowmeba da sxva saxis cxovrebasTan Sedareba SeuZlebelia.

SeiZleba iTqva, rom grigol nazianzelisTvis miuRe-belia asketizmi da gandegiloba. samagierod, igi aqebs sazoga doebriv cxovrebas, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs uaxlovdenian, emsaxurebian saTnoebas da avrceleben amas sxveb ze, axlos midian RvTis saxlis mSeneblobasTan da Cveni gvari (adamTa modgma) mas Semdeg, rac codvebSi Ca-vardniT dakarga Tavisi sikeTe, CvenTan SeerTebiTa da Cven dami momarTviT, kvlav gvevedreba1.

aq SeiZleba visaubroT grigol nazianzelis Tvalsaz-risis siaxloveze plotines filosofiasTan, erTi mxriv da sakuTriv nazianzelis Tvalsazrisidan areopagituli moZRvrebis momdinareobaze. rogorc cnobilia, plotine da fsevdo-dionise Sors iyvnen asketizmisgan da maTi mso-flmxedveloba am mimarTebiT filosofiur-inteleqtua-luri xasiaTis iyo, radganac rogorc plotine, ise fsev-do-dionise RvTis mistikuri Wvretis gzaze uaryofdnen asketizms.

dRevandeli gadasaxedidan yuradRebas imsaxurebs gri-gol nazianzelis is Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tuki yvela saRi gonebis mqone dakavebuli iqneboda logikiT, ge-ometriiT, astronomiiT da ar eqneboda saTnoeba, es ara-viTar sikeTes ar moitanda. maSin yvelgan da yvelaferSi aucileblobiT daisadgurebda uwesrigoba da dabneuloba2.

aq sayuradRebo aris is, rom IV saukunis RvTismetyveli (grigol nazianzeli) fiqrobs, rom mxolod astronomiis, geometriisa da logikis SeswavliT saqmes ar eSveleba, Tuki saTnoeba (e. i. zneoba) ugulebelyofili iqneba. es Sexeduleba exmaureba Tanamedroveobas da masSi, garkveuli

1 Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva. 2 iqve.

240

azriT, SeiZleba antisciencisturi Tvalsazrisis Canasaxi davinaxoT.

eTikis sakiTxebs grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. magram am sakiTxSi raime siax-love antikur neoplatonizmTan da qristianul neopla-tonizmTan (fsevdo-dionise areopageli) ar SeiniSneba.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kapadokiel mamaTa-gan areopagitul moZRvrebas yvelaze naklebi Sexeba aqvs grigol nazianzelis SexedulebebTan, Tumca zogierT sak-iTxSi (RmerTze moZRvreba, RmerTis wvdoma, samebis Sesaxeb) SeiZleba amovikiTxoT areopagituli moZRvrebis mxridan grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobis ganviTareba speku-laturi TvalsazrisiT.

aseve xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi- xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi-xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi- unda iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi-unda iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi- iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi-iTqvas, rom, saerTod, areopagi-, rom, saerTod, areopagi-rom, saerTod, areopagi- saerTod, areopagi-saerTod, areopagi- areopagi-areopagi-tuli moZRvrebisa da kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl- moZRvrebisa da kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl-moZRvrebisa da kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl- da kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl-da kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl- kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl-kerZod, misi Teologiuri msofl-, misi Teologiuri msofl-misi Teologiuri msofl- Teologiuri msofl-Teologiuri msofl- msofl-msofl-mxedvelobis gasagebad mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis kapa- gasagebad mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis kapa-gasagebad mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis kapa- mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis kapa-mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis kapa- gverds ver auvlis kapa-gverds ver auvlis kapa- auvlis kapa-auvlis kapa- kapa-kapa-dokiel mamaTa Semoqmedebas.

rac Seexeba filosofias, rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, am mimarTebiTac bevri saintereso sakiTxi warmoCnda.

$3. grigol noseli

IV saukunis gamoCenili saeklesio moRvawe, RvTismetyve-li da qristianuli filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi warmo-madgeneli grigol noseli (335-394) miekuTvneba `kapadokie-li mamebis~ saxeliT cnobil wres. am wreSi Sediodnen misi ufrosi Zma basili didi da maTi megobari grigol nazian-zeli, romlebic upiratesad saeklesio moRvaweni iyvnen. grigol noseli ki, ufro Teoritikosia. imis miuxedavad, rom mas specialuri ganaTleba ar miuRia, TviTganaTlebiT maRal Teologiur da mecnierul ganaTlebas daeufla1.

1 А.Мартынов.Учениесв.Григорияеп.Нисскогооприродечеловека(ОпытисследованиявобластихристианскойфилософииIVвека).М.,1886,gv.5-7.

241

grigol noselis gansjis upirvelesi sagani iyo adami-ani da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da swored amito-mac mis naSromebs dResac ar daukargavs aqtualuroba da, aqedan gamomdinare, mecnieruli Rirebuleba.

f. fararis aRniSvniT, grigol noselis ojaxSi gamefe-buli iyo asketizmi, magram sakuTriv igi ufro metad mec-nierebiT iyo dainteresebuli1.

grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi gamoyofen dogmatikur-sa da egzegetikuri xasiaTis Sromebs, asketikur saubrebsa da werilebs.

sxvadasxva gamokvlevidan, romlebic miZRvnilia grigol noselis Semoqmedebisadmi, cxadad Cans, rom igi qristian-uli filosofiisa da RvTismetyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia. mis Rrma ganswavlulobas filosofiaSi ukvalod ar Cauvlia, is qristianul mecnierebaSi erT-erTi gamoCenili da originaluri moazrovnea. filosofi-aSi Rrma ganswavlulobam mis dogmatikur sistemaSi, erTi mxriv, filosofiuri hipoTezebis siuxve, xolo, meore mxriv, wmida mamis RvTismetyveluri msjelobebis sakvir-veli araTanmimdevruloba ganapiroba.2

grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi centraluri adgili ukavia moZRvrebas RmerTze, romelic ZiriTadad moicavs problemaTaA Semdeg wres: RmerTi, rogorc erTi, RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna da RmerTis mier Tavis xatad adami-anis Seqmna.

1 Ф.Фаррар.Жизнь и труды св. отцов и учителей церкви. С.Петербург,1891,gv.399.

2 В.Несмелов.ДогматическаясистемасвятогоГригорияНисского.Казань,1887,gv.630.

242

1. RmerTi, rogorc erTi

Sua saukuneebis rogorc filosofiur, ise RvTisme-

tyvelur azrovnebaSi, Tezisi `RmerTi aris erTi~, sxva-

dasxvanairadaa dasabuTebuli. grigol noseli naSromSi

`ar arsebobs sami RmerTi~ cdilobs imis dasabuTebas, rom

RmerTi aris erTi.

grigol noseli akritikebs im Tvalsazriss, rom,

Tuki petre, ioane, markozi adamianebi arian, magram cal-

calke sam adamianad iwodebian, maSin, ratom ar SeiZleba

mamaRmerTi, ZeRmerTi da suliwmida sam RmerTad iwode-

bodnen? Ggrigol noselis SeniSvniT, adamianebze simravles

vityviT, xolo, dogmatikuri moZRrebis Tanaxmad, RmerTs

simravles ver mivawerT. ratom xdeba ase? grigol nose-

lis azriT, mraval RmerTianoba iyo elinebTan (ese igi war-

maTebTan), amitomac qristianoba gaurbis am ideas. magram

imaTTvis, visTvisac saubari exeba RmerTisa da ipostazebis

mimarTebas, es pasuxi ver iqneba amomwurvi1.

Cven, aRniSnavs grigol noseli, TiToeul adamians gamo-

varCevT misi saxeliT, Tumca yvela adamianis arseba erTia,

erTi da igivea. maTi gansxvaveba erTmaneTisgan, rogorc

ukve iTqva, saxelebiT xdeba. sxva viTarebaa, roca saubari

RmerTs exeba. bevrs hgonia, rom RmerTi iseTive saxelia,

rogorc, magaliTad, mze, ca an kidev samyaros romelime

stiqioni. sinamdvileSi ki viTareba sxvanairia. kerZod,

Cven `saRvTo werilis~ SegonebiT rogorc iqna gavigeT,

rom RmerTis arsi gamouTqmelia da saxeliT ar iwodeba.

yvela saxeli, iqneba es adamianuri arsebiT Semecnebuli Tu

`saRvTo weriliT~ mocemuli, sinamdvileSi aris RmerTis

Sesaxeb raRac mixvedris ganmarteba, romelic Tavis TavSi

ar Seicavs RmerTis arsebis mniSvnelobas. grigol noseli

1 ГригорийНисский.Творения.М.,1862,ч.IV,gv.114.

243

xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom veraviTari saxeli ver gamoxatavs

RmerTis arss1.

aq cxadad Cans areopagitikasTan siaxlove, areopagiti-

kaSic xom RmerTis arsebis gamoxatva saxelebiT SeuZlebe-

lia2.

grigol noseli ase svams kiTxvas: Tuki saxeli `Rmer-

Ti~ gamoxatavs RmerTis arsebas, maSin, ratom ar SeiZleba

gavaerTianoT ipostazebi da maT erTi RmerTi vuwodoT?

noselis azriT, Tuki adamianebis sxvadasxva saqmianoba da-

moukidebelia da amitomac iwodeba mravlad, RvTaebrivi

arsis SemTxvevaSi sxva viTarebaa: RvTaebis arsebis Taobaze

Cven is gamovarkvieT, rom mamaRmerTi TavisTavad qmnis

raimes mniSvnelovans Tvinier suliwmidisa. sinamdvileSi

viTareba aseTia: RmerTidan gamomdinare yvela moqmedeba

vrceldeba warmoqmnil arsebebze da iwodeba mravali gan-

sxvavebuli cnebiT RmerTis Sesaxeb. es moqmedebani mama-

RmerTidan momdinareobs, ZeRmerTis meSveobiT vrceldeba

da suliwmidaTi sruldeba.

grigol noselis saboloo daskvniT, wmida samebis mo-

qmedeba erTmaneTisgan gancalkevebuli ki araa, aramed,

piriqiT – yoveli moqmedeba mamaRmerTisgan momdinareobs

da ZeRmerTis meSveobiT suliwmidisken miemarTeba; amito-

mac ar SegviZlia sami RmerTis saxeliT gamovxatoT erT-

maneTisgan ganucalkevebeli, erTmaneTis meSveobiT moZra-

obaSi myofi erTnairi RvTaebrivi Zala da moqmedeba3.

RmerTis, rogorc erTis, Tvalsazrisi gvxvdeba gri-

gol noselis sxva naSromebSic. magaliTad, TxzulebaSi –

`kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~ grigol noseli wers, rom RmerTi

1 ГригорийНисский.dasax. naSr., gv. 117-118.2 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228-

229.3 iqve, gv. 123.

244

yvelafers qmnis da is ar Sedgeba materiisa da raodeno-

bisgan: `da kualad ity¢an, ukueTu RmerTi ganmartebuli

buneba¡ ars T¢nier si£So¡sa da raodenobisa, arca guam da

arca agebul da arca Secvul msgavsad guamTa~1. iqve igi

akritikebs maniqevelTa Tvalsazriss ori sawyisis Sesaxeb.

grigol noselis azriT, Tu gaviziarebT im azrs, rom ma-

teria calke arsebobs, maSin ori sawyisi gveqneba – dausa-

bamo RmerTi da dausabamo materia, rogorc amas `boroti

manini~ ambobda. sinamdvileSi yvelaferi RmerTma Seqmna,

arsebebi ararsisgan warmoSva da ara materiisgan: `da vi-

Tarca SeZlo Zalman RmrTisaman, romel arara¡sagan dah-

badna dabadebulni, da egreve ganamtkicnes arsni...~2.

rogorc vxedavT, grigol noselis azriT, RmerTi er-

Tia, misTvis miuRebelia ori sawyisis daSveba. ra saerTo

SeiZleba iyos grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobasa da neo-

platonikosebs Soris aRniSnul sakiTxSi? rogorc erTgan,

is meoregan RmerTi aris erTi, yvelafris Semqmneli da war-

momSobi. amasTan, orivegan gamoTqmulia azri, rom RmerTis

gamoTqma da gamoxatva SeuZlebelia. magram neoplatonizmsa

da qristianul neoplatonizmSi (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu- qristianul neoplatonizmSi (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu-qristianul neoplatonizmSi (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu- neoplatonizmSi (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu-neoplatonizmSi (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu- (areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu-areopagitikaSi) aRiarebu-) aRiarebu-aRiarebu-

lia RmerTidan sinamdvilis aucilebeli gamomdinareoba3,

rac grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobisTvis ucxoa.

2. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (Sesaqme)

RmerTi rom maradiuli, ucvleli, umaRlesi srulyo-

fileba, yvelafris Semqmneli da safuZvelia, es Sua sauku-

neebis religiuri da filosofiuri azrovnebis saerTo

Tvalsazrisia. magram, roca sakiTxi dgeba RmerTisa da sam-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis `equsTa dReTa¡sa~ da grigol noselis Targmanebisa `kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~. Tb., 1964, gv. 199.

2 iqve, gv. 200.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

245

yaros mimarTebaze, maSin misi gadawyveta sxvadasxvanairad

xdeba.

axla vnaxoT ra viTarebaa am mimarTebiT grigol nose-

lis RvTismetyvelebaSi. daviwyoT `dabadebis~ debulebiT –

`ese ars wigni Sesaqmisa cisa da queynisa~. am debulebaze

damyarebiT noseli aRiarebs, rom RmerTma pirvel rigSi

warmoSva ca da dedamiwa, romelTac mohyva sxeulis, haeris,

simZimisa da sisqis warmoSoba. Yyvela es warmoSobili urTi-

erTkavSirSia: `da iyo simtkice da simagre maTi – sibrZne

RmrTebisa¡ da Zali bunebasa Sina yovelTasa gansageblad

yovelTa~1.

Semdeg grigol noseli msjelobs cisa da dedamiwis

raobaze. cis arseba moZraobaSia, xolo dedamiwisa – uZ-

raobaSi: `xolo queyana¡ ara SeiZvris simtkicisagan T¢sisa

da ca¡ ara daewynarebis Zr¢isagan T¢sisa~2. yvelaferi, rac

aq iTqva, grigol noselis azriT, brZeni Semoqmedis (Rmer-

Tis) Semoqmedebis Sedegia da amis Sesaxeb ambobs kidec mose

winaswarmetyveli: `dasabamad qmna RmerTma ca¡ da qveyana¡~

da iqve amatebs: `da eseni daebadnes dasabamsa sibrZniTa

Semoqmedisa maTisa¡Ta, da ganazogna yovelni bunebani,

romelni Seicvalebian da gardaiqcevian~.

RmerTi casa da dedamiwas rom warmoqmnis, Semdgom

aRar ereva maTi moZraob-uZraobis saqmeSi, `rameTu Rmer-

Ti gareSe ars ori amisgan saqmeTa – Secvalebisagan da uZ-

raobasa~. rogorc vxedavT, grigol noselTan RmerTi pi-

rvelSemqmnelis funqcias asrulebs da Semdgom igi aRar

ereva samyaros mimdinare procesebSi.

grigol noselis Sesaqmeze Tvalsazrisis saintereso

da RrmasafuZvliani analizia mocemuli v. nesmelovis ga-

mo kvlevaSi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom grigol noseli ar izi-

arebs warmarTi filosofosebis Sexedulebas, romlis Ta-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 143.2 iqve, gv. 144.

246

naxmadac, RmerTma misgan gansxvavebuli materiisgan Seqmna

samyaro an kidev samyaro gadmoedineba RmerTidan. am SemT-

xvevaSi samyaro RmerTis bunebis iqneboda, rac SeuZle-

belia. RmerTi swored dapirispirebulia samyarosadmi1.

nesmelovis am SeniSvnaSi sainteresoa grigol noselis

mier emanaciis principis uaryofa, romelic neoplatonuri

filosofiisTvis ase damaxasiaTebeli iyo.

v. nesmelovi exeba, agreTve, grigol noselis mier ma-

niqevelebisa da warmarTi filosofosebis kritikas ori

sawyisis Sesaxeb (RmerTi da materia, masala), romelTagan

erTi gaformebulia, xolo meore xdeba mxolod gareSe Za-

lis Carevis safuZvelze. Tu asea, maSin rogorRaa es uka-

naskneli damoukidebeli da maradiuli? am winaaRmdegobis

safuZvelze grigol noseli askvnis, rom maradiuli mxo-

lod RmerTia, materia aramaradiulia da RmerTma samyaro

Seqmna arafrisgan2. Mmagram RmerTma rom samyaro arafrisgan

Seqmna, amis gageba adamians gauWirdeba.

grigol noseli TxzulebaSi `sulisa da aRdgomis Sesax-

eb~ wers: `aravin Seitans eWvs imaSi, rom stiqionebi erT-

maneTis msgavsni arian da agreTve erTmaneTs Sordebian,

rac warmoadgens sxeulis Sedgenisa da daSlis safuZvels~3.

rogor xdeba stiqionebis SeerTebiT sagnis warmoSoba? am

kiTxvaze pasuxi mocemulia noselisa da misi dis dialogSi.

ise rogorc mxatvarma icis romeli feris SereviT miiReba

sasurveli feri, aseve sulmac unda icodes ra stiqionebis

SereviT ra sagani miiReba. swored sagnis Tvisebebis gaer-

TianebiT xdeba ukve daSlili sagnis kvlav aRdgena.

sabolood ras warmoadgens materia grigol noselis

mixedviT? materia warmoadgens sxvadasxva cnobili Tvise-

1 В.Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 337.2 iqve, gv. 338.3 ГригорийНисский.Творения.М.,1862,ч.IV, gv. 227.

247

bebis – feris, raodenobis, wonisa da sxvaTa erTianobas. arc

erTi maTgani cal-calke sxeuli araa, magram erTianobaSi

qmnis sxeuls. es Tvisebebi gonebaSia da maTi gaerTianebis

safuZvelze warmoiqmneba sxeuli. a. briliantovis azriT, es

aris grigol noselis cnobili Tvalsazrisi materialuri

sxeulebis aramaterialuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.1

a. briliantovi aRniSnavs grigol noselis Sexedulebi-

sTvis damaxasiaTebel naklovanebaTa Sesaxeb, kerZod, gri-

gol noseli Tavis am mniSvnelovan Tvalsazriss ar ukavS-

irebs samyaros dasasrulze moZRvrebas, romelic aqve aqvs

ganxiluli. a. briliantovis azriT, rogorc sxva bevr adgi-

las, aqac grigol noseli kmayofildeba imiT, rom upasuxos

mocemul siZneles da ar zrunavs imaze – ewinaaRmdegeba Tu

ara misi es mosazreba Tavisive moZRvrebis sxva punqtebs2.

v. nesmelovi grigol noselis Tvalsazriss materi-

aluri sagnebis aramaterialuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb Zalze

mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs. Tavis gamokvlevaSi mas vrclad exe-

ba da aRniSnavs, rom, grigol noselis azriT, absoluturma

wminda gonebam (ese igi RmerTma) ararsi arsad aqcia, roca

rTuli daSladi sagnebi Seqmna. es rom asea, eWvgareSea da

vinc amas ar daijerebs, susti gonebisaa da moklebulia

filosofiuri daskvnebis unars3. Semdeg v. nesmelovi exeba

grigol noselis im Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmad, mate-

rialuri sagnebi Tvisebebis erTianobaa da Tu ar iqneba es

Tvisebebi, ar iqneba arc sagani. avtoris azriT, grigol

noselma materialuri samyaros aramaterialuri safuZvlis

daSvebiT daaskvna absoluturi gonebis mier grZnobadi sam-

yaros sagnebis Seqmna.

1 А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное впроизведенияхИоаннаСкотаЭригены.С-Петербург,1898, gv.188.

2 iqve, gv. 189.3 В.Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 240.

248

grigol noseli iziarebs mose winaswarmetyvelis azrs

RmerTis mier cisa da miwis meyseulad Seqmnis Sesaxeb da

aRniSnavs, rom `wmida werilis~ es azri gacilebiT Rrmaa,

vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. amasTan, casa da miwaSi igu-

lisxmeba yvela sagnis saerTo moculoba da erTianoba.

grigol noselis azriT, adamians ufleba aqvs dasvas kiTx-

va – Tu rogor aqcia RmerTma ararsi arsad, magram is am

kiTxvas verasodes gascems pasuxs, vinaidan RmerTma “ Cven

dagvimala Tavisi dawvrilebiTi codna~1.

zemoTqmulis safuZvelze v. nesmelovi asknis: `viciT,

rom RmerTis yovlad mZlavri neba sibrZnea da RmerTis

sibrZne yovlad mZlavria da amis safuZvelze unda virw-

munoT: am brZenma da yovlad Zlierma nebam, miuRweveli

saxiT ararsis sferodan ucbad arsad aqcia Cveni samyaros

ZiriTadi stiqionebi da maTSi Cado Semdgomi arsebebis yve-

la mizezi da mizani~2.

v. nesmelovis SeniSvniT, grigol noselTan, bibliur

Tqmulebebze damyarebiT, aRniSnulia, rom samyaros org-

vari Seqmna moxda: zogadi da kerZo: pirvel SeqmnaSi ucbad

moxda samyaros Zalebis gadasvla ararsidan arsSi; meore-

Si ki – am Zalebis TavmoyriTa da gaerTianebiT, mTeli es

grZno badi samyaro Tanamimdevrulad warmoiqmna.

amis Semdeg v. nesmelovi exeba RmerTis mier samyaros

eqvs dReSi Seqmnis siZneleebs – bibliuri Tqmulebebis

winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs, rac grigol noselis gansjis sa-

ganic iyo. Ees azri, v. nesmelovis SeniSvniT, grigol nosels,

basili didis msgavsad, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT esmoda.

magram aq aris erTi, arsebiTi xasiaTis siZnele, romelsac

jer kidev kliment aleqsandrielma miaqcia yuradReba. ker-

Zod, Tuki samyaros Seqmna eqvs dRes grZeldeba, maSin azrs

kargavs samyaros ucabedi, meyseuli Seqmnis aqti. gamodis,

1 В.Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 243.2 iqve, gv. 244.

249

rom RmerTis sityva da saqme erTmaneTs Sordeba. amitomac

iyo, rom kliment aleqsandrielma mose winaswarmetyvelis

naambobi RmerTis mier samyaros eqvs dReSi Seqmnaze, ro-

gorc specialurad adamianebisTvis iolad gagebis mizniT

SemuSavebul azrad miiCnia. sinamdvileSi ki basili didisa

da grigol noselisTvis es ase ar iyo. swored amitomac

maT mose winaswarmetyvelis naambobi pirdapiri mniSvnelo-

biT esmodaT. Tu es asea, maSin RmerTi ar unda monawile-

obdes ararsidan arsebulis warmoSobis aqtSi. aq is azria

Cadebuli, rom Seqmnas aucileblad dro sWirdeba, Rmer-

Tis moqmedeba ki dros ar eqvemdebareba da Tu samyaros

eqvs dReSi Seqmnis faqti realuria, maSin SeuZlebelia am

aqtSi RmerTis monawileoba. v. nesmelovi SeniSnavs, rom am

siZneleebis gamo IV saukunis saeklesio mamebi am kiTxvebis

dayenebas eridebodnen.

amis miuxedavad, grigol noseli cdilobs am kiTx-

vaze pasuxis gacemas da sabolood is am sakiTxSi kliment

aleqsandrielis poziciaze dgeba. kerZod, igi aRiarebs,

rom RmerTi meyseuli Seqmnis Semdeg, aRar monawileobs

yoveldRiur arsebaTa gaformebaSi.

v. nesmelovis azriT, grigol noselma garkveuli as-

peqtiT moxsna siZnele, romelic dakavSirebulia RmerTisa

da misi droiT moqmedebas Soris mimarTebasTan da aCvena,

rom dReebi sWirdeba samyaros da ara RmerTs; pirvelad

meyseulad moxda ararsis arsad qceva, Semdeg, roca samya-

ros ebrZana mowesrigeba, man eqvs dReSi aRasrula Rmer-

Tis neba. `amgvarad, aq RmerTis yovliSemZleobac SenarCu-

nebulia da dReebicaa aRiarebuli. samyaros mier RmerTis

nebis ganxorcielebisTvis; droisa da yovlisSemZleobis es

Serigeba, grigol noselis Taviseburi ganmartebis sakmao

safuZvelia~1.

1 В.Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 350.

250

rogorc grigol noselis Txzulebidan, ise v. nes-

melovis gamoklevidan cxadad Cans, rom Sesaqmis sakiTxSi

grigol noselis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi siZnele – droSi

samyaros Seqmnis Tvalsazrisia. RmerTis zedrouli mo-

qmedebis Segueba iyo. am siZnelis daZlevisTvis grigol

noselma dauSva RmerTis mier ararsidan arsis warmoqm-

na meyseulad (faqtobrivad aq drois faqtori gamoric-

xulia), xolo sxeulebad gaformeba droSi xdeba, raSic

RmerTi ukve aRar monawileobs. albaT, ar SevcdebiT Tu

vityviT, rom am mxriv neoplatonikosTa emanaciuri Tval-

sazrisi ufro srulyofilia, vidre grigol noselis mso-

flmxedvelobaSi RmerTis mier ararsidan arsis Seqmna da

misgan gancalkevebiT sagnebis droSi gaformeba, rasac

xelovnurobis elferi dahkravs.

3. adamiani, rogorc RmerTis xati

grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili

ukavia RmerTis mier Tavis msgavsad adamianis Seqmnis moZ-

Rvrebas. Tavis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes TxzulebaSi – `ka-

cisa agebulebisaT¢s~ – igi msjelobs RmerTisadmi adami-

anis msgavsebaze, rom RmerTs arc erTi arseba ar hgavs,

garda adamianisa (`...rameTu arara¡ ars, arsTa Soris msgavs

RmerTisa viTarme Sesaqme kacisa¡~). aqve dasmul kiTxvas: –

ratom gaaCina yvelaze bolos RmerTma adamiani? am kiTx-

vaze grigol noseli ase pasuxobs: jer sameufeo unda iyos,

raTa Semdeg mefe movides. an kidev, roca stumari mogviva,

jer saxls SevamkobT, sastumros gavmarTavT da Semdgom

SevipatiJebT stumars.

grigol noselis azriT, RmerTma adamianis saxiT samya-

ros RvTaebrivi arseba mouvlina, ramdenadac adamiani, erTi

mxriv, RvTaebrivia, xolo, meore mxriv, xorcieli: `erTi

251

igi RmrTisa bunebiTa gonebisa¡Ta, xolo meore igi keTil-

iTa queyana¡saTa ganSuebad sagrZnobeliTa £orcieliTa~1.

grigol noseli tipuri kreacionistia, rac naTlad Cans

misi Tvalsazrisidan – ararsidan arsis warmoSobis Sesax-

eb. kreacionistulia, agreTve, misi azri imis Taobaze, rom

adamianis warmoSobas win uswrebda azri misi gaCenis Sesax-

eb – Tu rogori unda yofiliyo adamiani da igi ras unda

damsgavseboda: `xolo Sesaqmesa kacisasa ganzraxva¡ wina

uswrebs, viTar gamosaxos Seqmnuli da viTar iyos saxiTa

Semoqmedisagan, da viTar egebis yofad da rasa miemsgavsos,

da ra¡ iqmnes da ra¡ iyos saqme misi, da odes daebados da

rasa zeda mTavrobdes~2.

imis dasadastureblad, rom adamiani RmerTis xatia,

gri gol noseli aRniSnavs: RmerTi – goneba da sityvaa da

adamianTanac gvxvdeba sityva da goneba, RvTaebrivi sibr-

Zne: `da rameTu RmerTi hxedavs yovelsave, da esmis yo-

veli ese da gamoeZiebs yovelsave, da Senca kualad gaqus

xilva¡ da smena¡ da sibrZne cxoveli, romelTa gamoeZieb

yovelsave~3.

RmerTma adamiani Tavis xatad Seqmna. magram isic cxa-

dia, rom RmerTi maradiulia, is sxeuls ar Seicavs, yovlad

srulyofili da unakloa. adamiani ki, piriqiT, sasrulia,

aramaradiulia, naklovania, da a. S. aq bunebrivia kiTxva: –

rogor SeiZleba xorcieli da cvalebadi adamiani hgavdes

uxorco, maradiul RmerTs? grigol noseli sakiTxis sa-

Tanado ganxilvis Semdeg im daskvnamde midis, rom adamiani,

romelic Seqmna RmerTma, Tavdapirvelad unaklo da keTi-

li iyo (`da ra Jams daebada, ara dahbada igi nakluleva-

nad da Seqmna mas Sina keTili ra¡me, romelsa arsa Sina~). es

pirveli adamiani, romelic RmerTma moavlina, xelmwife da

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 147.2 uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 148.3 iqve, gv. 150.

252

gamgebelia, vinaidan SeuZlebelia, rom RmerTs Tavisi xati

aseTad ar gaeCina. swored es pirveli adamiani – RmerTis

xati – aris RmerTis msgavsi da ara Semdgomi, codvasa da

gaWirvebaSi myofi. Ggrigol noselis azriT, sul sxvaa pir-

veli adamiani da sul sxvaa axlandeli: `aw ukue gamoviZioT

sityva¡ zedamiwevniT, rameTu vhpovebT kacsa mas msgavssa

RmerTisasa, viTarmed sxua¡ iyo da ara awindeli ese Wirsa

Sina ganfrdili~1.

es pirveli adamiani aris adami, romelic maradiuli

xatebaa. rac Seexeba adamis Semdgom mamakacisa da dedaka-

cis gaCenas, amis mizezi, grigol noselis azriT, naTesaveb-

is gaCenis mizniT unda iyos. xolo, Tu ratom datova pi-

rvelma adamianma es ucodvelobis safexuri, amis Taobaze

aRniSnavs, rom pirveli adamiani Tavisuflebam daRupa,

rasac mohyva adamianis mamakacad da dedakacad dayofa,

rac adamianis ufro pirutyvuli bunebis gamoxatulebaa:

`...viTarmed kaci ese xelmwife yofad ars, da mavali ne-

basa zeda TavisTa T¢sisasa, da rameTu midrekadca ars,

viTar-igi iqmna, maSin gamosaxa xatisa misT¢sa T¢sisa mam-

akaceba¡ da dedakaceba¡, romelni-igi ara arian Zirsa masa

Sina, aramed, viTar igi vTquT, maxlobel ars bunebasa mas

pirutyuebrsa~2.

RmerTis mier adamianis Tavis xatad gaCenis grigol

noseliseulis Tvalsazrisis saintereso interpretacias

vxdebiT a. briliantovisa da a. martinovis gamokvlevebSi.

a. briliantovi grigol noselis am Tvalsazrisis Sefaseb-

isas mimarTavs paralelebs avgustines moZRvrebasTan da

aCvenebs, agreTve, gansxvavebas am sakiTxSi aRmosavleTisa

da dasavleTis moazrovneebs Soris.

avgustines azriT, Tuki adamiani RmerTis saxea, maSin

adamianis sulSi rac imyofeba, is RmerTSic unda imyofe-

1 uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 179.2 iqve, gv. 181.

253

bodes (sulis Semecnebis meSveobiT, Cven mivalT RmerTis

Semecnebamde). grigol noselTan ki aRniSnulis sapirisp-

iro viTarebaa. kerZod, Tuki adamiani RmerTis saxea, maSin

Cven adamianis sulSi SegviZlia da unda movnaxoT is, rac

igulisxmeba RmerTis arsebaSi, rac CvenTvis metwilad cno-

bilia gamocxadebiT. grigol noselTan RmerTis Semecnebas

mivyavarT adamianis Semecnebamde1.

a. briliantovis SeniSvniT, Tuki avgustines surs, rom

RvTismetyvelebas miuyenos subieqtur-fsiqologiuri me-

Todi, grigol noseli, piriqiT, obieqtur-metafizikur

meTods mimarTavs. igi cdilobs, rom RvTismetyvelebis

meTodi fsiqologiasa da anTropologiazec gaavrcelos.

rogorc vxedavT, – ganagrZobs a. briliantovi, – grigol

noseli, roca ayalibebs moZRvrebas adamianze, RmerTis

cnebidan amodis. am viTarebaSi misi mTavari azria – Rmer-

Ti aris sikeTis absoluturi sisavse da adamianSi, rogorc

RmerTis saxeSi, es sikeTe aRibeWdeba. Aa. briliantovi imo-

wmebs Sesabamis adgils grigol noselis naSromidan: `is,

rac moipoveba TviTmyofadad adamianSi, es mas mocemuli

aqvs RmerTisgan; gansxvaveba RmerTsa da adamians Soris

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igive sikeTe (RmerTSi rom sikeTea,

– m. m.) arsebobs adamianSi, rogorc gansakuTrebul, Seqm-

nil da cvalebadobas daqvemdebarebul subieqtSi~2.

grigol noselis es Tvalsazrisi kavSirSi unda iyos

neoplatonizmsa da qristianul neoplatonizmTan (areopa-

gitika), kerZod, neoplatonikosebis im mTavar azrTan, rom-

lis Tanaxmad, mTeli sinamdvilis saTaveSi aris pirveli

erTi, anu RmerTi da rac arsebobs – arsebobs RmerTis

meSveobiT3. magram aq gansxvavebac aris. neoplatonizmSi es

1 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 179.2 iqve, gv. 180.3 Sdr. plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $ 5., areopagitika. `saR mrTo-

Ta saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

254

azri mTel sinamdvileze vrceldeba, maSin roca grigol

noselTan mxolod adamianzea laparaki. am mimarTebiT mxo-

lod adamiania RmerTTan kavSirSi. magram, ramdenadac ada-

miani sinamdvilis nawilia, amdenad, aq SeiZleba iTqvas im

siaxlovezec, rac arsebobs neoplatonizmsa da grigol

noselis msoflmxedvelobas Soris.

grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobaSi adamianze moZ-

Rvrebas gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia. RmerTisa da samya-

ros mimarTebis garkvevisas centralur adgilze iseve ada-

mianis problema dgas. swored amis gamo grigol noselis

msoflmxedvelobas upiratesad anTropologiurad miiCne-

ven: `episkoposi noseli, namdvilad warmoadgens IV saukunis

qristian mwerlebs Soris yvelaze gamoCenil filosofoss

– anTropologs~1.

a. martinovis azriT, grigol noselisTvis, rogorc an-

Tropologiuri geniisTvis, damaxasiaTebelia ori Tviseba:

gare sinamdvileze safuZvliani dakvirveba da ganyenebuli

metafizikuri sagnebis Rrma gaazreba. pirveliT is Tavis

anTropologias empiriulad afuZnebs, xolo meore safuZ-

velze misi msoflmxedveloba filosofiur xasiaTs iRebs.

avtori iZleva, agreTve, grigol noselis im Tvalsazrisis

interpretacias, romlis Tanaxmad, grZnobadsa da gonier

samyaros Soris ufskrulia; maT erTmaneTTan araviTari

kavSiri ara aqvT da swored adamiania is arseba, romelSic

mocemulia es ori mxare – sxeulebrivi da sulieri (goni-

eris azriT). a. martinovis azriT, grigol noselTan sam-

yaroSi adamianis `Semoyvanas~ sagangebo funqcia ekisreba

da es kargad Cans misi Semdegi Tvalsazrisidanac: uamisod

`RvTaebrivi sxivi (miwaze) darCeboda daunaxavi, sityva –

daumowmebeli (daudasturebeli), sikeTe – ganucdeli da

a. S., rac igulisxmeba RmerTis arsebaSi~2.

1 А.Мартинов. dasax. naSr., gv. 44.2 iqve, gv. 65.

255

a. martinovis SeniSvniT, grigol noseli akritikebs

filosofosebs, romlebic adamians samyaros msgavsad mow-

yobilad miiCneven. isini ver xvdebian, rom amiT adamians

ki ar amaRleben, aramed, piriqiT, amcireben, vinaidan oTx

stiqions Seicavs koRoc da Tagvic1.

erTi SexedviT, grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobis

siaxlove neoplatonizmTan, kerZod, plotines filosofia-

sTan, SeiZleba davinaxoT misticizmis sakiTxSi. am sakiTxSi

sakuTriv grigol noselis moZRvrebasTan SeiZleba kavSiri

hqondes areopagitul misticizms. magram es siaxlove gare-

gania da meti araferi.

grigol noselis Tvalsazrisi mistikur eqstazze moce-

mulia mis TxzulebaSi `moses cxovrebis Sesaxeb~. i. popovis

SeniSvniT, es azri qristianul literaturaSi pirvelad wm.

gri gol noselis TxzulebebSi gamoCnda2. amave avtoris az-

riT, grigol noselis mistikuri eqstazis Teoria filonis

moZRvrebidan momdinareobs.

grigol noseli RmerTis Wvretis gzaze sam safexurs

gamoyofs:

1) RmerTze miwerili grZnobadi warmodgenebis Ca-

moSoreba, rac warmoadgens wyvdiadidan sinaTleSi

gadasvlas; 2) Semdgom modis xilulis safuZvelze uxilavi

arsis Secnoba, romelic rogorRac RrubliTaa dafaruli;

3) amis Semdeg xdeba sulis mimarTva umaRlesi saganZu-

risken da miaRwevs Tu ara suli umaRles srulyofilebas,

Sedis is RmerTis brwyinvalebaSi, sadac mocemulia RvTae-

brivi wyvdia di. `es mesame safexuri aris gaSmageba, eqstazi,

romlis drosac adamiani gamodis Tavisi Tavisgan~3.

1 А.Мартинов. dasax. naSr., gv. 77.2 И. Попов. Личность и учение блаженного Августина. Сергиев Посад.

1916,т.I,ч.1-2,gv. 2.3 iqve, gv. 392.

256

eqstazi RmerTze codnas ar iZleva. marTalia, RmerTi

saSualebas aZlevs suls igrZnos misi yofna, magram misi

bunebis uxilavobis gamo, misi cxadi xilva gamoricxulia,

radganac eqstazisTvis yovelgvari xilvadi da miRwevadi

unda gamoiricxos. amitomac eqstazSi aRqmisTvis rCeba

is, rac RmerTSi uxilavi da miuRwevelia. rac mTavaria,

eqstazis dros suli imecnebs, rom RmerTi Tavisi bunebiT

aRmatebulia yovelgvar xilvadsa da miRwevadze1.

aseTia mokled grigol noselis Tvalsazrisi adamianis

mier RmerTis mistikur Wvretaze, romelic mTlianad re-

ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis CarCoebSia moqceuli da gan-

sxvavdeba plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Teo-

riul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTis misticizmisgan.

1 И.Попов. dasax. naSr., gv. 392-393.

257

V Tavi

areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena

areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda momdevno drois rogorc religiur, ise filosofiur msoflmxedv-elobebze, rac ganpirobebuli iyo am moZRvrebaSi arsebuli Teologiuri da filosofiuri nakadebiT. areopagitikas-Tan did siaxloves amJRavneben maqsime aRmsareblis, ioane damaskelis, ioane skot eriugenas, maister ekhartis, Toma akvinelis, nikoloz kuzanelisa da sxvaTa msoflmxedvelo-bani.

areopagitikis gavlena zemoaRniSnul moazrovneTa msoflmxedvelobebze sagangebo kvlevis sagani ar yofila. magram sxvadasxva gamokvlevaSi vrclad aris miTiTebuli amgvar gavlenaze. naSromSi gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc ucxoeli, ise qarTvel mkvlevarTa Tvalsazrisebi areop-agitul gavlenaze.

$ 1. areopagitika maqsime aRmsareblis komentarebSi

Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia maqsime aRmsarebeli (580-662), romelic `...wmida mamaTa moRvaweobis damsru-lebeli da aRmosavluri sqolastikis (ioane damaskeli) winamorbedia~1.

1 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I nawili, gv. 126.

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maqsime aRmsarebelma vrceli ganmartebebi daurTo areopagitul moZRvrebas, romelic qarTul enaze Targm-na efrem mcirem. aRniSnul ganmartebebs didi mniSvnelo-ba aqvs areopagitikis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT. cnobili rusi mkvlevari aleqsandre briliantovi werda: `dionises Semoqmedeba, romelsac ikvlevda eriugena, pirvel xanebSi misTvis erTob bnelsa da Znelad gasagebs warmoadgenda. ma-gram maqsime aRmsareblis ramdenime naSromis, upirvelesad ki `grigol RvTismetyvelis qadagebanis rTuli adgilebis ganmartebis~ gacnobis Semdeg, rac adre filosofosisT-vis gaugebars warmoadgenda dionises SemoqmedebaSi, cxadi gaxda am ganmartebebis wyalobiT~1.

maqsime aRmsareblisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobaTa mimarTebis kvlevisas ZiriTadad ve-myarebodiT aRmsareblis `ganmartebani dionise areopage-lis Txzulebisa~2, misive traqtatebs `siyvarulisTvis~ da `locvisTvis~, a. briliantovis dasaxelebul naSroms, sa-dac zogadad da safuZvlianadaa gadmocemili aRmsareblis ZiriTadi Txzulebis `grigol RvTismetyvelis qadagebanis rTuli adgilebis ganmarteba~ – is ZiriTadi principebi da m. WeliZis statias maqsime aRmsarebelze. Cveni kvelevis procesSi ZiriTad dasayrdens warmoadgenda aRmsareblis ganmartebani areopagitikaze, ramdenadac swored am naS-romSi Cans yvelaze naTlad rogorc siaxlove, ise gansx-vaveba am or moazrovnes Soris.

1 А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ-веденияхИоаннаСкотаЭригены.С-Петербург,1898,gv. 50.

2 vsargeblobdiT aRmosavleTmcodne zaira yolbaias momza de-buli teqstis xelnaweriT – ̀ ganmartebani dionise areopagelis Txzulebis~. avtori emyareba or xelnawers. A=A/110 (XII s.) B=A/684 (XI s.).

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1. moZRvreba RmerTzemaqsime aRmsarebeli RmerTis daxasiaTebisas ZiriTadad

iziarebs areopagitul Tvalsazriss. RmerTi aris martivi, erTsaxeobiTi, uTvisebo da sxvasTan araziari arseba. is yovlad Zlieri da usasruloa. Mmisgan gansxvavebiT, Seqmni-li arsebebi SemTxveviTia, cvalebadobas ganicdis da mudam saWiroebs RmerTis sibrZnes1. komentarebSi ki aRmsarebeli wers: `xolo RmerTi yovelTa adgilTa ars, arca xorcie-lebiT, aramed dambadeblobiT. rameTu casa da queyanasa igi aRavsebs, da garegan maT yovelTasa (cnobil ars). da ese ars misda ganuzomeloba-miuwvdomeloba Zalisa da ar-sebisa misisa, romlis cnobasa aqa dafarul-ganuzomeloba uwods~2. maqsime aRmsareblis es Tvalsazrisi zogadi xa-siaTisaa da amis mixedviT Znelia gaarkvio areopagitika-sTan misi mimarTeba. Tumca isic naTelia, rom RmerTis es daxasiaTeba ZiriTadad Teologiuri msoflmxedvelobis poziciidan xdeba. Mmagram mosazreba `rameTu casa da quey-anasa igi aRavsebs, da garegan maT yovelTasa (cnobil) ars~, garkveul filosofiur datvirTvasac Seicavs.

saidan momdinareobs Cveni warmodgena RmerTze? am kiTxvaze aRmsarebeli ase pasuxobs: sakuTriv ras warmoad-gens RmerTi, CvenTvis es gaugebaria; is mxolod mis Seqmni-lebSi mJRavndeba da masze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mis mier SeqmnilTa safuZvelze: `RmerTis warmodgena da mosazreba SesaZlebelia mxolod CvenTvis misaRwevi samyarodan aRe-bul formebSi, romlebic ver gamoxataven mis arsebas~3. aR-niSnulidan gamomdinare, aRmsarebeli daaskvnis: Cven Seg-viZlia SevimecnoT is, rom aris RmerTi, magram, Tu ra aris RmerTi, amis gageba CvenTvis miuRwevelia.

1 МаксимИсповедник.Олюбви.Присвятеишемсиноде.1819, gv. 182.2 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani dionise areopagelis

Txzulebis~. xelnaweri, gv. 11.3 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 200.

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areopagitul moZRvrebasTan siaxloves amJRavnebs aRm-sareblis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `RvTaebriv arsebas yvelaze metad Seefereba epiTetebi: usazRvro, usawyiso, usasrulo da a. S., romlebic gamoxatavs mxolod imas, rac ar aris RmerTi da ara imas, Tu ra aris RmerTi~1. fsevdo-dioni-se areopagelic araerTxel imeorebs am azrs da traqta-tSi `saidumlod RmrTis-metyvelebisaT¢s~ aseT daskvnas akeTebs: `kualad munve aRvalT da vity¢T, viTarmed arca sul ars, arca goneba, arca ocneba, arca neba, anu mqone-bel sity¢sa gina mogonebisa... arca sidide, arca simcire, arca sworeba... arca saukune, arca Jam... arca sxua rame Cuengan gina sx¢sa visme arsTaganisada cnobil~2. unda aRi-niSnos, rom RmerTis amgvari warmodgena uaryofiTi pre-dikatebiT saerTod damaxasiaTebeli iyo Sua saukuneebis rogorc religiuri, ise filosofiuri azrovnebisTvis da aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba es CaiTvalos specifiku-rad fsevdo-dionisesa da maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxed-velobebisTvis. Cven mier aRniSnulis mizani iyo maT Soris Tanmxvedri Tvalsazrisis warmoCena.

amis Semdeg maqsime aRmsarebeli ixilavs da ganmartavs areopagituli moZRvrebis im Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanax-madac RmerTisadmi uarsos, aracocxalis, ugonebos... mi-wera niSnavs ara gonebis arqonas, ara sicocxlis arqonas, aramed maT zeSTa aRmatebulobas.~3 maSin, roca yvelafers amas adamianze pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT vlaparakobT; aR-niSnuli areopagituli Tvalsazrisis maqsimeseuli komen-tari adasturebs a. briliantovis mosazrebas, rom aRmsare-belma areopagitikis rTuli adgilebi naTelyo da gasagebi gaxada. Sesabamisi ganmarteba komentarebidan aseTia: `da es ars Zala sityuaTa amaT moZRurisaTa¡ viTarmed Cuenni ara ars myofelni moklebanni sity¢sani misda aRmateba iqmnebi-

1 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 200.2 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228.3 iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

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an, rameTu CuenT¢s usaxoba¡ ara arsoba ars, xolo misT¢s amas cxadhyofs viTarmed zeSTa ars yovelTa saxeTa~1. aq aRmsarebeli erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs imas, rac RmerTs miewereba, imisagan, rac adamians miewereba. kerZod, Tuki, RmerTs, magaliTad, mivawerT gonebis arqonas, sicocxlis arqonas da a. S. es imis maCvenebelia, rom RmerTi aRemateba gonebas, sicocxles da a. S. maSin, roca Tu yvelafers amas adamianis misamarTiT vityviT, es azri pirdapiri mniSvne-lobiT unda iqnes gagebuli.

RmerTze fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebis ganxilvisas, maq-sime aRmsarebeli kvlav ubrundeba aRniSnul areopagitul Tvalsazriss: `xolo sityuani ese viTarmed arca bnel ars, arca sacTur, arca WeSmariteba¡. kacobrivTa CuhulebiTa sity¢saTa dausxman es, rameTu Cuen kacTa naTeli bnelsa wina aRudginoT, da WeSmariteba sacTursa~2. aq, rogorc vxedavT, aRmsarebeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom is, rac adamianisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, ar SeiZleba gavrcele-bul iqnes RmerTze. amasTan, umaRlesi arseba erTia da masSi araferi araa dapirispirebuli, maSin, roca adamians SuZlia `naTeli bnelsa win aRudginos~, xolo `WeSmariteba sacTursa~. es niSnavs, rom dapirispireba dakavSirebulia adamianTan da ara RmerTTan.

rogorc ukve araerTgzis aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi erTia: maqsime aRmsarebeli areopagituli moZRvrebis am adgils iyenebs maniqevelTa winaaRmdeg, ro-melTac ori sapirispiro sawyisis arseboba dauSves. sabo-lood ki aseT daskvnas akeTebs: `vina¡ca cxad ars viTarmed yovlad daumtkicebel ars Sjulisdeba¡ uwesod orTa dasa-bamTa yofisa¡~3.

maqsime aRmsareblis SemoqmedebaSi didi yuradReba eqceva areopagitikaSi mocemuli RmerTis dadebiTsa da

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 51.2 iqve, gv. 416.3 iqve, gv. 92.

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uaryofiT daxasiaTeba. aRmsarebeli, fsevdo-dionises am Tvalsazriss ase ganmartavs: `mateba uku ars raodeni ra¡ RmrTisaT¢s yofad iTqumis da wariTqumis viTar arseba¡, naTeli da sxuani msgavsni amaTni, xolo mokleba arian raodenn ucxo yofad RmrTisagan iTqumian, da ukuiTqumi-an, viTarmed ara rogorc ars RmerTi, arca sul, arca sxua¡ ra¡me maTgani romelni sacnaurebaTa, anu sagrZnobe-lobaTa Sina Semom¢rdebian Cuen; vina¡ca arsTa¡ ese cnoba¡ RmrTisaT¢s ucnaureba ars, rameTu aquTa mier cnobaTa ara gancxadebad movals, aramed umetesad daifarvis~1. aRmsare-blis es ganmartebani darTulia fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis Sromaze `mistikuri Teologia~. amasTan, aRmsarebeli areopagitul wignebSi sxvadasxva adgilas mocemul Sexedu-lebebs katafatikasa da apofatikaze aerTianebs da saer-To komentars ukeTebs. Mmagram is arsebiTad axals arafers ambobs da mxolod ganmartebiT kmayofildeba, Tumca es ganmarteba ufro naTels xdis areopagituli moZRvrebis am rTul adgilebs.

maqsime aRmsarebeli, marTalia, ZiriTadad areopagiti-kis rTuli adgilebis naTelyofas isaxavs miznad, magram bevr SemTxvevaSi mas ar akmayofilebs an kidev ar izi-arebs fsevdo-dionises pozicias ama Tu im sakiTxze. ase, magaliTad, RmerTis daxasiaTebisas upiratesobas aniWebs apofaTikur meTods da fsevdo-dionisesgan gansxvavebiT, arsad ar laparakobs katafatikasa da apofatikaze, ro-gor codnis meTodebze. apofatikur meTods aRmsarebeli RmerTis dasaxasiaTeblad erTaderTad miiCnevs: `viTar igi ars uxilavi uxorco¡; da msgavsi amaTni: da RmerTi-saTs eseni oden iTqumian; romeli ese ukuTquma arian; da ara warTquma hyofen, viTarmed ese ra¡me ara ars; rameTu ra¡ igi ars RmerTi, mis gamoTquma¡ da mogoneba¡ yovlad SeuZlebel ars; viTarme ese aw TqmulTa amaT moZRvarisa-

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 410.

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Ta Zalica gulis£ma gvyofs...~1. aq aRniSnulis dadasture-baa aRmsareblis mier sxva adgilas gamoTqmuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, apofatika RmerTs ufro Seefereba da roca RmerTs uaryofiTad vaxasiaTebT, es ukeTesia.2

aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis RvTismetyvelebaSi kata-fatikisa da apofatikis mimarTebaze saintereso Tvalsaz-risi aqvs gamoTqmuli a. briliantovs, romlis Tanaxmadac, aRmosavleTis RvTismetyvelebaSi katafatika da apofatika erTmaneTs upirispirdeba; dasavleTisaSi – ara. amis Se-sabamisad maT gansxvavebulad aqvT warmodgenili RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis procesi. rogorc dasavleTis, ise aRmosavleTis RvTismetyvelTaTvis samyaro RvTaebrivi aqtis Sedegia. es Seqmna ki RmerTma ganaxorciela winaswari ideis mixedviT3. dasavlur RvTismetyvelTa Tanaxmad, imis msgavsad, rogorc adamianis azrebi misi sulis siRrmidan ibadeba, asevea RvTaebrivi ideebic, romlebic RmerTis mi-eraa dabadebuli da gamoxatavs mis arsebas. swored amis gamo RvTaebidan momdinare ideebi RmerTs ar unda iqnes CamoSorebuli. rogori saxiT xorcieldeba da arsebobs es ideebi samyaroSi? a. briliantovis azriT, am kiTxvaze pa-suxi moipoveba avgustinesTan. avgustines azriT, iseve ro-gorc adamianis ideebi arsebobas garegani masalis meSveo-biT iZens, asevea RmerTic. RmerTma jer arafrisgan Seqmna uformo materia da Semdeg masze gaavrcela ideebi4.

aRmosavluri RvTismetyvelebis mixedviT ki, marTalia, ideebi RmerTidan momdinareobs, magram mas ver gamoxatavs, radgan RmerTi maTTvis aRmatebuli da miuRwevelia. ama-sTan, es ideebi sasruli samyaros arsebebisgan gansxvavebu-ladaa miCneuli. aRmosavlur RvTismetyvelebaSi usafuZv-lodaa gamocxadebuli RmerTisa da adamianis moqmedebebs

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 134.2 iqve, gv. 209.3 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., 222.4 iqve, gv. 223.

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Soris analogia. samyaro ki ideebis mixedviT Seqmnilad aris aRiarebuli da, garkveuli azriT, maT ganxorcielebas warmoadgens. magram es jer kidev ar aris sruli ganxor-cieleba. RmerTis daxmarebiT sasruli arsebebi mxolod miiswrafvian ganxorcielebisken. aRmosavlur RvTismetyve-lebaSi idea ara mxolod mizezia, aramed mizanic1.

maqsime aRmsareblisTvis miuRebelia fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi katafatikisa da apofatikis mimarTebaze. Ees iqidanac Cans, rom, roca is exeba katafatikis areopagitul gagebas, cdilobs masSi iseTi Sinaarsi Cados, romelic ukve katafatikis safuZvlad RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis idea aRar iqmneba moazrebuli: `xolo sak¢relman diono-si ra¡Jams warTquma¡ warTqumasa zeda dahrTo, ganCineba¡ qmna; da ra Jams Tqua, viTarmed arayofa¡ ara ars RmrTi-sa¡. amiT oriTa waTqumiTa ganCinebiT RmerTs Semoukriba yoveli yofa¡. Dda kualad amiT-viTarmed ver Zaluc mas ara SeZleba¡. Dda ara icis man ara cebna¡ da mecniereba¡ da amas yovelsa zeda dahrTo; viTarmed ese yovelni viTar ara cebna¡ da ver SeZleba¡ moklebiTad da gareganad iTqumian misT¢s – ara bunebiTad da guamovnebiTad; da ese viTarve ars sityua¡ igi. viTarmed SemZlebel ars Ze TaviT T¢siT saqmed rasme...~2.

am vrceli amonaweridan mTavari is aris, rom areopa-gitul katafatikaSi aRmsarebels yuradReba gadaaqvs isev RmerTis yovlisSemZleobaze da gverds uvlis katafati-kuri daxasiaTebis iseT mniSvnelovansa da arsebiT mxares, rogoricaa RmerTis yvelgan myofoba. Ees ar aris SemTxvevi-Ti, radganac aq areopagitikis Teologiur interpretacia-sTan gvaqvs saqme.

maqsime aRmsareblis rogorc ZiriTad SromaSi, ise mis komentarebSi areopagitikaze ganmtkicebulia azri RmerTis Seumecnebadobasa da miuRwevlobaze. AamiT ki aRmsareblis

1 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 223.2 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 150.

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msoflmxedvelobaSi gza exsneba RmerTis mistikur Wvretas. misi azriT, arsebebi RmerTisken miiswrafvian. es imis gamo xdeba, rom RmerTi yvela arsebulTa dasabami da saboloo mizania: `dasabamad yovelTa iTqumis RmerTi, viTarca ara arsisagan arsad momyvanebeli arsTa. xolo dasasrulad viTarca mpyrobeli... da ganmgebeli yovelTa~1. Aaq mTavaria gairkves is, Tu rogor xdeba miswrafeba dablidan maRl-isken, anu umdablesi arsebebidan umaRlesi arsebebisken?

aRniSnul kiTxvaze nawilobriv pasuxi gvxvdeba aRm-sareblis traqtatSi `siyvarulisTvis~, sadac aRniSnulia: pirvelad Cven vcdilobT siyvarulis cecxliT SevicnoT RmerTis arseba. Mmagram, roca vnaxavT, rom es SeuZlebelia (radganac Seqmnils ar SuZlia Semqmnelis Semecneba), amis Semdeg Cven ganvWvretT mas (e. i. RmerTs), mis maradiulo-bas, ganusazRvrelobas, aRuwerlobas (e. i. Semecnebis enaze gamouTqmelobas) da mivalT im daskvnamde, rom RmerTi Seu-mecnebelia, gamouTqmelia da a. S.2 aRmsarebeli aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis miuwvdomlobas, rogorc faqtis Semecnebas, emateba gonebis xedva3. amis Sesaxeb qadagebdnen grigol RvTismetyveli da dionise, – ambobs aRmsarebeli.

RmerTisken adamianis miswrafebis gzaze maqsime aRm-sarebeli did mniSvnelobas aniWebs locvas. aRmsareblis azriT, Llocvis ori saxe arsebobs: erTi damaxasiaTebelia Semoqmedi adamianebisTvis, meore – mWevrmetyvelTaTvis. Llocvis erTi saxe ganpirobebulia RvTis SiSiTa da keTi-li imedebiT, xolo meore – RvTis siyvaruliTa da umaR-lesi siwmindiT. Llocvis pirveli saxis SemTxvevaSi goneba iSorebs yovelgvar amqveyniurs, Tavis TavSi Rrmavdeba da RmerTis pirispiraa; meore SemTxvevaSi ki, goneba aRtace-bulia RvTaebrivi sinaTliT da am dros igi RmerTis garda

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 18.2 МаксимИсповедник.Олюбви.gv. 50.3 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I

nawili, gv. 134.

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verafers xedavs1. aq locvis meore saxe mistikur Wvretas emsaxureba.

aRmsarebeli aRniSnuli traqtatis sxva adgilzec exeba locvas da daaskvnis, rom locvis umaRlesi mdgomareoba gulisxmobs gonebis yofnas xorcisa da samyaros gareSe. `goneba srulyofil locvaSi auqmebs Tavis Tavs. CamoSor-deba am samyaros yovelgvar Semecnebisgan~2. aq da sxvaganac eWvgareSea, rom aRmsarebelTan locva mistikuri Wvretis erTi umTavresi saSualebaa.

RmerTis gamocxadeba da misi mistikuri Wvretis aucilebloba ufro mravalmxrivadaa warmodgenili maqsime aRmsareblis mTavar SromaSi `wm. grigol RvTismetyvelis rTuli adgilebis ganmartebani~. aRmsareblis azriT, RvTa-ebrivi logosi ori saxiT mJRavndeba – bunebasa da `saRvTo werilSi~. bunebaSi, mis mSvnierebaSi RvTaebrivi logosi mJRavndeba im mizniT, rom adamiani daainteresos, survili aRuZras da amiT sabolood logosis Semecnebamde mivides. `am azriT bunebis Semecnebas mxolod garadamavali mniSvn-eloba aqvs~3. vinc bunebis ganxilvidan gaigo Tu ra aris WeSmariteba, is dainaxavda agreTve, rom gonebiT SeuZle-belia movlenaTa yvela mravalgvarobis mocva, romlebSic WeSmariteba mJRavndeba. amitomac is eZebs sxva saSualebas RmerTis SemecnebisTvis4.

MaRmsareblis azriT, RmerTis Semecnebis meore wyaroa `saRvTo werili~, romelic mxolod imaT `emsaxureba~, vinc masSi ufro mets xedavs, vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. isi-ni, vinc bunebaSi imaze mets xedaven, rac sinamdvileSia, emsgavsebian warmarT elinebs. magram ukeTesad arc isini iqcevian, vinc marTalia, mimarTaven `saRvTo werils~, ma-gram mis striqonebs iqiT ar ixedebian. Ees ukanasknelni ems-

1 МаксимИсповедник.О любви.gv. 55-56.2 iqve, gv. 92.3 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 195.4 iqve.

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gavsebian iudevelebis RmerTis mkvlelebs, radganac amiT isini auqmeben `saRvTo werilis~ cocxal sazriss, romelic warmoadgens logoss1.

maqsime aRmsarebeli, RmerTis Semecnebis am ori wya-ros ganxilvis Semdeg, gadadis mesame wyaroze. es aris RmerTis gamocxadeba uSualod, mistikur WvretaSi. magram es gza mxo lod angelozebsa da wmindanebs xelewifebaT. wmindanebi am dros Tavisufalni arian yovelgvari miwieri midrekilebebisgan. aRmsarebeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta wmindanTa xvedria da ara Cveu-lebrivi adamianebisa. CvenTvis, ese igi Cveulebrivi adami-anebisTvis, WeSmariteba, anu logosi, dafarulia `saRvTo werilis~ striqonebsa da bunebis movlenebSi. amitomac, vinc miiswrafvis RmerTis wvdomisken, `saRvTo werilisa~ da bunebis movlenebis Semecneba aucilebelia.2

RmerTis Semecnebaze maqsime aRmsareblis Tvalsazrisi araTanamimdevrobiT xasiaTdeba da bundovanicaa. masTan cxadad ar Cans, Tu RmerTis romel gamovlenaSi xerxdeba misi ukeTesi Wvreta. am mxriv areopagituli moZRvrebis mistikuri Tvalsazrisi logikurobiTa da Tanamimdevru-lobiT xasiaTdeba. amasTan, aRmsarebelTan areopagituli mistikis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTis kvali ar Cans. amitomac ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom komentrebSi aRmsarebeli dums areopagitul mistikaze.

maqsime aRmsareblis RmerTze moZRvrebis srulyofili suraTi ar gveqneba, Tu ar ganvixilavT mis Tvalsazriss `sacnaur ucnaurobaze~, anu `arcodnis codnaze~, rac aRmsarebelTan sabolood niSnavs RmerTis Semecnebas ar-codnis meSveobiT. aRmsarebeli ase ayenebs sakiTxs: Rmer-Tis Semecneba arcodniT SeiZleba, magram am arcodnaSi umecreba ar igulisxmeba: `rameTu ucnaurebiTa icnobebis

1 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., iqve.2 iqve, gv. 195 (Sdr. agreTve, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis

istoriis problemebi. I nawili, gv. 129).

268

RmerTi. xolo ucnaurebasa ra vity¢T, ara uswavlelobasa miersa umecrebasa vity¢T, rameTu uswavlelobiT umecari suli T¢T amasca umecar ars, Tu viTar ucnaur ars Rmer-Ti, romeli ese nawilTagani ars mecnierebisaTa, aramed mas umecrebasa, romelTa martiv viqmnebiT, zeSTa mogonebaTa~1. iqve aRmsarebeli amatebs, rom RmerTis Semecneba aravis ar ESeuZlia, magram, Tuki èse viTarca amas ra umecrebasa xeda dahvsdgeT, saxe viqmnebiT pirveli yovelTa myofisa mis saRmrTo¡sa erTobisa da simartivisa~. aq ki naTlad Cans, rom aRmsareblis msoflmxedvelobaSi RmerTis Sesaxeb ar-codnis daSveba ukve niSnavs mis WeSmarit bunebasTan miax-loebas.

areopagitikasTan siaxlovis TvalsazrisiT sayur-adReboa aRmsareblis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: àmis Sem-dgom moviqceviT uTmomelobiTasa mis dumilisagan, da gulis£mavhyofT viTarmed umecar varT ucnaursa mierTgan ganveyenebiT Ziebad ucnaurisa mis da ese ars ucnauroba¡ RmrTisa; xolo kualad ese ars yovlad sacnaureba¡ misi~2.

maqsime aRmsareblis azri, rom Cveni dumiliT, cod-naze Tavis SekavebiT (ufro codnis pretenziis gauqmebiT), ufro mets gavigebT RmerTis Sesaxeb da es arcodna ùcna-ureba¡ misi~, RmerTis codnaa. `sacnaureba¡~ areopagituli `saRmrTo bnelis~, `naTeli nislis~ Taviseburi ganmeoreba3.

maqsime aRmsarebeli aRniSnuliT ar kmayofildeba da sabolood terminebs `sacnauri~ da ùcnauri~ aerTianebs da RmerTis cnebis mimarT iyenebs: RmerTi, àramed zogad yovelTagan miuwvTomel ars da esoden ars sacnaur ucnau-rebasa Sina misi sacnaureba¡; rameTu ra¡Jams Cuen qveynisani zeSTa soflisa viqmneT da RmerTis moyvarebiT zecisa Za-

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 24.2 iqve.3 aRniSnulis swor gagebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba `vefxis-

tyaosanSi~ mocemuli `mziani Ramisa~ da ùJamo Jamis~ cnebebis wyarosa da Sinaarsis dasadgenad.

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liTa, maSin vscnobT viTarmed zogad yovelni varT bune-basa da arsebasa RmrTisasa romel igi ars aRmricxvel sazom arsTa¡~1. aRmsareblis `sacnauri ucnaureba¡~ ar-codnis codnas niSnavs. ufro zustad ase iqneba: RmerTis, misi bunebis, arsebis Sesaxeb arcodnis gacnobiereba aris RmerTis codna. aq aRniSnuls mxolod erTs davamatebdiT: maqsime aRmsarebeli `arcodnis codnis~ sakiTxSi Tavis religiur koncefcias filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobiT avsebs, radganac dapirispirebulTa gaerTianeba filoso-fiaSi dasaSvebia da saerTod, neoplatonur-areopagituli msoflmxedvelobidan gamomdinare moZRvrebebSi sapirispi-roTa gaerTianeba Cveulebrivi movlena iyo (jordano bru-no, gansakuTrebiT ki nikoloz kuzaneli).

2. arsebaTa warmoSobamaqsime aRmsareblis mixedviT, yvelafris mizezi aris

RmerTi. `...viTarmed dasabamni da mizezni yovlisa soflisa Sesaqmnisani Tavsa Soris T¢ssa aqundes RmerTsa samaradi-sod da vina¡Tgan yovelnive mis mier daebadnes, cxad ars vi-Tarmed mougonebeliTa miT nebiTa T¢siTa maradis wina¡Tve uwyoda vieT dahbadebs. romel arian Jamni da saukuneni da pirvel yovlisave amis xilulisa dabadebulisa uwyodna yofadni mis mier viTar igi Tqumul ars~2.

aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi Tavisi surviliT qmnis arsebebs da am Seqmnisas ararsidan warmoSobs arsis samyaros, arsebulebs. yovladsrulma RmerTma, Tavis una-ris Sesabamisad ararsidan Seqmna arsebulebi, ise rom amis raime saWiroeba arc yofila, RmerTma Tavisi sikeTiT Seqmna yvelaferi3. is qmnis, roca mas moesurveba4. `ganmartebani~-Sic amis msgavsia naTqvami, magram maTgan erT debulebas

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 51.2 iqve, gv. 15 .3 МаксимИсповедник.О любви.gv. 144.4 iqve, gv, 180.

270

unda mivaqcioT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. aRmsarebeli fsevdo-dionises daumowmeblad misi Tvalsazrisis inter-pretacias axdens: `aha ese ra warmoity¢s mizezsa dabadebul-Ta Sesaqmnisasa, viTarmed mxolod gardametebulebisaT¢sTa T¢sTa saxierebaTa¡sa, ararsisagan arsi moiyvanna RmerTman yovelni arsni... romlisa mier Seqmnilni yovelni msgavsad Zalisa da datevnisa TiToeulisa~1.

aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi ararsidan arsis warmoSoba Seqmnis mTavari principia. RmerTi ararsidan qmnis arsebu-lebs da yvelaferi es xdeba sikeTis siWarbis safuZvelze. es idea aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis msoflmxedvelobidan momdinareobs. magram aq mTavaria is, rom aRmsarebels arsebiTi koreqtivi Seaqvs areopagiti-kis Sesabamis debulebaSi. fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs: `kad-nier iqmnes sityua¡ WeSmariti amissaca Tqumad, viTarmed T¢T masca yovelTa mizezsa saxierebisa gardametebulebiTa hsuris yovelTa mimarT, yovelsave hyofs, yovelsave srul hyofs, yovelsave ipyrobs, yovelsave moaqcevs~2.

damowmebuli adgilidan ar Cans, rom RmerTi ararsi-dan qmnida arsebulebs. marTalia, aq aris saubari Seqmnaze, magram es mainc ar niSnavs, rom am SeqmnaSi igulisxmeba ararsidan warmoSoba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es adgili erTi naTeli sabuTia imisa, rom maqsime aRmsarebeli areopagi-tikas Tavisi poziciidan ukeTebs interpretacias. igi sxva-ganac araerTgzis aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi qmnis winaswari gegmiT, sakuTari survilis Tanaxmad da a. S.

did interess iwvevs RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli analogiis aRmsarebliseuli interpretacia. msgavs analo-gias adrec mimarTavdnen (mag., platoni, plotine da sxvebi), magram am analogiam areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sagangebo mniSvneloba SeiZina. kerZod, am analogiis safuZvelze, are-opagitikaSi arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSobis principia

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 222.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 38.

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aRiarebuli. fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi azrovnebis istoriaSi sxvadasxvanairadaa gagebuli.

rogorc ukve iTqva, areopagitikaSi aRniSnulia, rom ise rogorc mze, aseve sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis Zalebs gan-fens yovelgvari winaswari arCevnisa da ganzraxvis gareSe1.

maqsime aRmsarebeli vrcel komentars ukeTebs areopa-gitikis im adgils, sadac upirvelesad sayuradReboa ima-ze miTiTeba, rom mzes araviTari arCevani ar gaaCnia da, agreTve, imis aRniSvna, rom mze `aramed TuiT naTlad dabadebul ars RmrTis mier~2, ese igi, mze RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili. amiT aRmsarebeli areopagituli analogiis im ZiriTad princips auqmebs, romelic sabolood arsebaTa warmoSobis aucileblobis aRiarebamde unda mivides. TviT mze ki, rogorc vxedavT, RvTaebrivi nebelobiTi aqtis Sedegadaa miCneuli.

rac Seexeba uSualod mzesTan RmerTis analogias, aRm-sareblis azriT, dionise patara da umniSvnelo Sedarebi-sTvis moixmobs mzes. sinamdvileSi ki, RmerTsa da mzes erTmaneTTan araferi saerTo ara aqvT. Sedarebas rom nam-dvili, sruli msgavseba hqondes WeSmaritebasTan, maSin Se-dareba saWiro ar iqneboda. eWvi ar aris, rom aRmsarebeli cdilobs, rom areopagituli RmerTisa da mzis analogia ubralo Sedarebad warmoadginos.

germaneli mkvlevari h. veertci ixilavs areopagiti-kis am adgils da aRniSnavs, rom aq gansakuTrebiT yurad-saRebia Semdegi: mze yovelgvari ganzraxvisa da arCevanis gareSe asxivebs Tavis sinaTles. veertci arc RmerTsa da arc RmerTis mier samyaros SeqmnaSi ar gulisxmobs winas-wari ganzraxvisa da arCevanos arsebobas. misi azriT, mar-Tali iyo nimaieri, roca aRniSnavda: dionisem mas Semdeg, rac uaryo nebis, azrovnebisa da siyvarulis Tavisufle-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.2 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani ...~, gv. 46.

272

ba, erTs dauqvemdebara aucileblobis principi, romelic TviT masSi Zevs1.

es adgili Toma akvinels sxvanairad aqvs gagebuli. Tomas azriT, ganagrZobs h. veertci, RmerTi arCevans ar akeTebs im azriT, rom is yvela arsebuls ise uziarebs sik-eTes, rom mzis msgavsad erTxelac ar dafiqrdeba, – mzisa, romelic Tavis sxivs yvelgan mohfens da es yvelaferi (am sxivis meSveobiT) isev masve eziareba. Tomas am gagebis mixedviT, aq gamoTqmuli unda iyos sikeTis universaluro-ba2. h. veertci ar iziarebs akvinelis pozicias da aRniSnavs, rom am debulebaSi ufro metia naTqvami da mxolod amiT ar amoiwureba mzisa da RmerTis Sedareba. dionise am Sedar-ebas axdens ara mxolod ganfenis TvalsazrisiT, aramed is adarebs erTmaneTs RmerTisa da mzis moqmedebis wess. mzis moqmedeba ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom is moqmedebs ara gan-zraxviT, ara arCevaniT, aramed arsebiT. RmerTic asea? svams kiTxvas veertci. Tomas komentarebSi, ganagrZobs is, Toma pasuxobs, rom, rac iTqva mzeze, ar vrceldeba Rmer-Tze. RmerTs mxolod is pozitiuri SeniSvnebi exeba, rom-lis mixedviTac mze Tavisi arsebobiT yovelive arsebulis safuZvelia.

es adgili maqsime aRmsarebels Toma akvinelis msgavsad esmoda. misi azriT, mzis magaliTi pirdapiri mniSvnelo-biT ki ar und gavigoT, aramed ase: RmerTsa da mzes So-ris msgav seba imaSia, rom rogorc mze Tavad aris sinaTle da anaTebs, asevea RmerTic. sikeTe misTvis aqcidenturi Tviseba ki ar aris, aramed RmerTi sikeTis arsebaa. is Ta-visi sikeTiT yvelas sikeTes mohfens. am azrs iziarebs gri-gol paximeric3.

1 H. Weertz. Die Gotteslehre des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und ihreEinwirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Köln,1908,gv. 27.

2 iqve.3 iqve.

273

RmerTisa da mzis areopagitul analogiaze aRmsare-blisa da akvinelis ase sagangebo yuradRebis gamaxvileba imis maCvenebelia, rom es Tvalsazrisi orTodoqsul mso-flmxedvelobaSi mudam eWvs iwvevda.

3. sikeTe da borotebamaqsime aRmsarebeli `ganmartebaSi~ ZiriTadad mihyveba

sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis areopagitul Tvalsa-zriss, romlis Tanaxmad, sikeTe absoluturi principia, bo-roteba uarso da SemTxveviTi movlena, is sikeTis klebaa. Tumca `komentarebSi~ gvxvdeba aseTi Tvalsazrisic: `sada dasabami ars ueWvelad mun dasasrulica da ukeTu ars arsi, ueW¢lad yofad ars ararsica. da ukeTu keTil ars, iyos borotica~1. aq sikeTesTan erTad borotebac daSvebulia. rogori axsna unda moeZebnos amas? SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom aq borotebaze laparakia yoveldRiuri cxovrebis Tvalsa-zrisiT, romelsac aravin uaryofs. boroteba raRacnairad (Tugind SemTxveviTad) rom ar arsebobdes, maSin mis winaaR-mdeg brZolas azri daekargeboda. ase rom, SeiZleba sauba-ri exebodes borotebas arasubstanciuri mniSvnelobiT.

aRmsarebels sainteresod aqvs ganxiluli RmerTisa da sikeTis mimarTeba: `rameTu RmerTi bunebiT da arsebiT T¢T saxiereba ars. xolo Semdgomni misni da misgan dabadebul-ni yovelni mis mier miiReben madliT saxier yofasa missa mimarT surviliTa. amisaT¢s jerovnad saxierebis saxe iwo-debis da ara T¢iT saxiereba~2. aq ZiriTadad areopagituli Tvalsazrisia gadmocemuli, Tumca masSi ufro meti sinaT-lea Setanili da amasTan, aRmsarebeli yuradRebas amaxvi-lebs RmerTis mier madliT sikeTis ganfenaze.

maqsime aRmsarebeli ixilavs borotebis sawyisis subs-tanciurobis sakiTxs, romelsac adgili aqvs maniqevelTa SexedulebebSi. maniqevelTa Tvalsazrisis uarsayofad

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 78.2 iqve.

274

igi fsevdo-dionises imowmebs: `vina¡ca amier cxad ars viTarmed erTi saxieri da keTili dasabami aris yovelTa dabadebulTa¡~1. aRmsarebeli xSirad mimarTavs areopagi-tikas aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad. saubrobs agreTve, borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze, romelsac damou-kidebeli arseboba ar gaaCnia. aRmsareblis Tvalsazri-si sabolood asea Camoyalibebuli: `aramed uguaro da ukana¡sknel Semosrul ars boroti. SemTxueviTYmoklebiTa keTilsa¡Ta. da ara bunebiT qonebiTa guamovnebisa¡Ta, ara-med T¢Tmfloblad dabadebulni, raodenca keTilisagan moakldebodin egoden boroti Semovals maT zeda. viTarca Tualsa xedvisagan daklebulsa zeda sibrma¡~2. aq aRmsare-beli pirdapir imeorebs areopagitul Tvalsazriss.

`ganmartebani~-Si aRmsarebeli ZiriTadad kmayofil-deba areopagituli zogad-Teoriuli msjelobiT sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze da axals arafers ambobs. rac Seexeba traqtats `siyvarulisTvis~, aq ukve msjeloba exeba sikeTisa da borotebis praqtikul daniSnulebas. amiT ki naTlad Cans, rom maqsime aRmsarebels, rogorc qristian RvTismetyvels, es sakiTxebi upirvelesad ainteresebs cxo-vrebiseuli movlenebisadmi misadageblad.

maqsime aRmsarebelTan gvxvdeba asketizmis moTxo-vnac: vinc moaswrebs namdvili cxovrebisgan (igulisxmeba yoveldRiuri xorcieli cxovreba, – m. m.) gandgomas, mis-Tvis sxeulis sikvdilic warmoadgens ara sikvdils, aramed borotebisgan gaTavisuflebas, borotebis dasasruls3. es ki Sorsaa areopagituli Tvalsazrisisgan, romlisTvisac ucxoa asketizmi.

maqsime aRmsarebeli, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi, ise siyvarulze moZRvrebaSi, ufro adamianis

1 maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 79.2 iqve, gv. 81.3 А.Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 211-212.

275

praqtikuli moRvaweobiTaa dainteresebuli, vidre Teo-riuliT. ase rom, misi eTikuri pozicia ufro praqtiku-lia, vidre – Teoriuli. aRmsareblis zneobrivi maqsima aseTia: `ecade, ramdenadac SegiZlia giyvardes yvela ada-miani; Tuki Sen amas ver SeZleb, maSin ukidures SemTxvevaSi, nuravis nu SeiZuleb, magram amas Sen ver SeZleb, Tuki SenSi ver daamarcxeb yovelgvar miwiers~1.

maqsime aRmsareblisTvis siyvarulze moZRvreba adamia-nis zneobrivi srulyofis safuZvelia: vinc Sen gawyenina, – aRniSnavs aRmsarebeli, – Tuki Senc imiTve upasuxeb, ma-Sin icode, rom, rac iman sityviT gaakeTa, Sen amas saqmiT akeTeb. Sen unda aCveno siyvaruli saqmiT da Tu rame Se-Sen unda aCveno siyvaruli saqmiT da Tu rame Se-giZlia, unda daexmaro mas, raTa is borotebisgan gaTavi-sufldes2.

am SemTxvevaSi, maqsime aRmsarebeli qristianuli mora-, maqsime aRmsarebeli qristianuli mora-lis mqadageblad gvevlineba da, rac mTavaria, Teoriuli msjelobebiT qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis ganmtkice-bas cdilobs.

$ 2. areopagitika da ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba

1. winaswari SeniSvnebiioane damaskelis (675-753) mravalricxovan naSromTa

Soris Cveni gamokvlevisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-nia `codnis wyaro~, upirvelesad ki misi mesame nawili – `gardamocema~. kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, SevexebiT agreTve, `codnis wyaro-s~ pirvel (`dialeqtika~) da meore (`wvalebaTaTvis~) nawilebsac.

`dialeqtikaSi~ yuradRebas imsaxurebs ioane damaskel-is Tvalsazrisi substanciaze, romlis Tanaxmad, arsi aris yvela arsebulTa saerTo saxeli. Tavis mxriv, igi iyofa

1 Максимисповедник.олюбви.gv. 218.2 iqve.

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arsebad (substancia) da SemTxvevad (aqcidencia). `myofi zogadi saxeli ars yovelTa myofTa¡. es ukue myofi gani-kueTebis arsebisa mimarT da SemTxueviTisa~1. es adgili efrem mcires mier asea Targmnili: àrsoba¡ zogadi saxeli ars yovelTa arsTa¡ da ese saxeli arsobisa ganikueTebis WeSmaritad arsad da SemTxueviTad~. rogorc vxedavT, ar-sen iyalToelTan arsebuls (arss) ewodeba `myofi~, sub-stancias – àrseba~, aqcidencias – `SemTxueviTi~. efrem mciresTan Sesabamisad niSnavs: àrsoba¡~, `WeSmariti arsi~ da `SemTxveviTi arsi~.

ganxiluli msjelobis Semdeg ioane damaskeli ganmar-tavs substanciisa da aqcidenciis mniSvnelobebs. substan-cia aris iseTi ram, romelsac safuZveli Tavis TavSi aqvs da Tavisi Tavis dafuZnebisTvis sxvas ar moiTxovs: àrseba ukve ars saqme T¢T T¢siT myofi, ara-moqene sxvasai Semt-kicebisa mimarT, ese igi ars Tavsa Soris Tiussa myofi da ara sx¢sa Soris mqonebeli yofisa¡~2. rogorc vxedavT, io-ane damaskelTan RmerTi gagebulia, rogorc TviTmizezi.

aRniSnul sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis Tvalsazrisi siaxloves amJRavnebs areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. fsev-do-dionises azriT, RmerTi martivia da ganusazRvreli, romelsac arsi sakuTar TavSi gaaCnia.

did yuradRebas imsaxurebs ioane damaskelis mosazre-bani substanciasa da bunebas Soris gansxvavebaze. damaske-lis azriT, filosofosebi ganasxvavebdnen substanciasa da bunebas, anu arsebasa da bunebas. arseba aris martivad yofna, xolo buneba aRniSnavs iseT substancias, romelic gansazRvruli unda iyos arsebiTi gansxvavebulobiT da ro-

1 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam. Tb., 1976, gv. 74.

2 iqve.

277

melic sayovelTao arss uerTebs arsis Tvisebriv gansxva-vebulobas1.

ioane damaskelis azriT, warmarTi filosofosebi cnebiT – `buneba~ aRniSnavdnen ama Tu im konkretul mov-lenas da agreTve, saganSi mocemul im Zalas, romelic sa-gans moZraobisken mimarTavs. amasTan, es Zalebi yovel ar-sebaSi RmerTisgan momdinareobs.

ioane damaskelis es msjelobani aristoteles filoso-fiasTanaa axlos, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca gansazRvru-lia arsebis cneba. magram, roca saubari Seexeba Semoqmedis (RmerTis) mier arsebebisadmi moZraobis aRmZvreli Zalebis miniWebas, aq unda iyos neoplatonizmis gavlenac. kerZod, swored neoplatonikosebTan aris gamokveTili azri imis Sesaxeb, rom arsebebs yovelgvari unari RmerTis wyalobiT aqvT.

ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobaSi RvTaebis mier miniWebuli unari sxvadasxvanairia, kerZod, imis mixedviT, Tu igi ra arsebaa. ase magaliTad, angelozebs miniWebuli aqvT saerTod gagebisa da urTierTgagebis unari sityvis warmoTqmis gareSe, adamianebs ki – gansjisa da sityvis meSveobiT urTierTdakavSireba, cxovelebs – sicocxlis, grZnobis Zala, mcenares – dabadebis, zrdis, kvebis Zala, qvas gaxurebisa da gagrilebis da, agreTve, gadaadgilebis unari sxvis meSveobiT2. aq cxadad Cans ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, arsebulebs arsebo-bisa da, saerTod, yovelgvari unari RmerTisgan aqvT mini-Webuli3. amgvari Tvalsazrisi, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia Sua saukuneebis azrovnebisaTvis. amdenad, gasakviri ar unda iyos sxvadasxva moazrovnis Tvalsazrisis Tanxvedra, zogjer ki pirdapiri ganmeorebac. ase magaliTad, areopa-

1 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gv. 98.2 iqve.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31-33.

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gitul moZRvrebaSi mcenareebsa da usulo arsebebsac ki sikeTisgan (RmerTisgan) aqvT yovelgvari unari: `da nerg-Taca yovelTa saxierebisaganve aqus cxoreba¡ moZravobiTi da mozardobiTi da raodenni usulo da ucxovlo arseba arian, saxierebisganve arian da mis mier arsebiTisa wesisa qonebasa xuedrebul arian~1. rogorc vnaxeT, msgavsi viTa-rebaa ioane damaskelis moZRvrebaSic.

ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiur azrovnebaSi ase popularul dadebiT da uaryofiT Teologias.

`dialeqtikaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom RmerTis rogorc dadebiTi (katafatika), ise uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba (apofa-tika) SeiZleba: `saTanado ars cnobad, viTarmed waTquma¡ca da ukuTquma¡ ukunaTqumad iwodebian~2. ioane damaskelis mixedviT, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs upirispirdeba da am dapirispirebaSi erT-erTi aucilebe-lad mcdaria da meore WeSmariti: `axlo vina¡Tgan yovelsa waTqumasa winaaRudgebis ukuTquma¡ da yovelsa ukuTqumasa – waTquma¡... xolo jer-ars cnoba¡, viTarmed saWiro ars, ra¡Ta erTi tyuodis da erTi WeSmaritebdes~3.

am punqtSi ioane damaskeli SesaZlebelia areopagitikas akritikebdes kidec, sadac dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTo-debi codnis sferoSi erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba4. mar-Talia, fsevdo-dionisesTan saubari exeba pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) dadebiTsa da uaryofiT daxasiaTebebs, magram es meTodebi, iseve rogorc ioane damaskelis filosofiaSi, aseve areopagitikaSic, racionaluri codnis meTodebia.

RmerTi, ioane damaskelis azriT, erTicaa da samic, igi gadmocemulia sam ipostazSi, magram yvelaferi es yovel-gvar saxeze maRla mdgomia, vinaidan RmerTi miuRwevelia,

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31.2 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gv. 166.3 iqve.4 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

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igi unda virwmunoT, ar unda gamovikvlioT da ar unda davasabuToT, vinaidan, rac ufro gamoikvleva, miT ufro Seumecnebelia igi da, rac ufro cnobimoyvareobas gamovi-CenT, ufro daimaleba.

`codnis wyaros~ meore nawils Seadgens moZRvreba `ere-sebis~ Sesaxeb (Zveli qarTuliT – `wvalebaTaT¢s~), romelic filosofiuri kvlevis mizniT mniSvnelobas moklebulia.

rogorc ukve vnaxeT, ioane damaskeli `dialeqtikaSi~ gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod calkeul Sem-TxvevebSi mihyveba an Sordeba neoplatonur filosofias. neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikasTan siaxlove da daSo-reba gansakuTrebiT naTlad mJRavndeba SromaSi – `gar-damocema ucilobeli marTlmadidebelisa sarwmunoebaSi~ (`gardamocemai~).

es siaxlove da daSoreba upirvelesad SeimCneva Sua saukuneebis epoqisTvis ZiriTad saazrovno problemebze msjelobisas. es problemebia: moZRvreba RmerTze, Seqmnaze, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze. am ZiriTadi proble-mebis irgvliv Tavs iyris sxva danarCeni sakiTxebi.

2. moZRvreba RmerTzeioane damaskelis mixedviT, RmerTi gamouTqmeli, aRu-

wereli da miuRwevelia, radganac igi usawyisoa, usasrulo da yvelafris momcvelia1. gamocxadebis gareSe TviT qer-ubimebsa da serafimebsac (ra Tqma unda, adamianebsac) ar SeuZliaT RmerTis Semecneba. mxolod RmerTia aRuwereli. RmerTis amgvari warmodgena, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia rogorc im periodis religiuri msoflmxedvelobisaTvis, ise adreneoplatonuri filosofiisTvis. amitomac aq Zne-lia imis garkveva, Tu damaskeli vis Tvalsazriss mihyveba.

ioane damaskelis azriT, yvelaferi RmerTis Sesaxeb Cven gvemcnoba kanonisa da winaswarmetyvelebis, Semdgom ki misi msgavsi (e. i. RmerTis msgavsi) Ze-Ti, batoniT, Rmer-

1 Иоанн Дамаскин.Полное собрание сочинений.С-Петербург,1913,т.I, gv.1-2.

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TiT da Cveni mxsnelis ieso qristes meSveobiT. amitomac, Cven amiT vkmayofildebiT, ar veZebT imaze mets (rac ga-mocxadebiT gvaqvs miRebuli). vfiqrobT, rom aq naTlad Cans ioane damaskelis religiuri msoflmxedvelobis arsi. yvelaferi es ki efuZneba imas, rom RmerTi zeaRmatebulia, gamouTqmelia da mis Sesaxeb, saerTod, pozitiuri codna SeuZlebelia.

ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebaSi naTlad Cans adamianis uZlureba umaRlesi saidumloebis wvdomisas. amis gamo, ro-gorc damaskeli ambobs, RmerTi zrunavs adamianze. RmerT-ma, rogorc yvelafris mcodnem, Cven `gadagviSala~ swored is, romlis codna, daufleba SesaZlebelia da CvenTvis sasargebloa. xolo yvela danarCenze, romelTa gageba da codna Cven Zalebs aRemateba, RmerTi `gaCumda~1. es adgili upirvelesad sainteresoa imiT, rom gamokveTilia RmerTis transcendenturi buneba, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia nebelobiTi aqti, yovelgvari qmnadobis ganxorcieleba wi-naswar ganzraxulobiT.

RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis (apofatika) Semdeg, ioane damaskeli msjelobs qristeze. damaskelis azriT, RmerTi da srulyofili adamiani erTi da igivea (srul-yofil adamianSi qriste igulisxmeba). qriste or bunebaSi Seicnoba, romelic aRWurvilia gonebiT, nebiT, moqmedebis unariT... amave dros, igi erTi rTuli ipostazia. magram yovelive is, Tu rogor `daeSva~ RmerTi adamianSi, gaCnda adamianis saxiT, ucnobia da ar SegviZlia amaze vilapara-koT. damaskelis es Tvalsazrisi qristes Sesaxeb umniS-vnelovanesia da igi adamianis TviT arsebobis faqtis Rire-bulad gamocxadebaze miuTiTebs. am TvalsazrisiT RmerTi `miwazea Camoyvanili~ da xiluli sinamdvilec gaRvTae-brivebulia.

ioane damaskeli RmerTis arsebobis aseT dasabuTebas mimarTavs: arsebulni an Seqmnilia, an Seuqmneli. Seqmnili

1 Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 2.

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icvleba, vinaidan is, risi arsic cvalebadobis mizeziT warmoiSva, cvalebadobas daeqvemdebareba, xolo Seuqmneli ucvlelobiT xasiaTdeba. aq Zneli araa imis gageba, rom dam-askeli cvalebadSi xilul sinamdviles gulisxmobs, xolo ucvlelSi RmerTs. damaskelis azriT, samyaro mowesrige-bulia da vin unda iyos misi mxatvari da momwesrigebeli, Tu ara RmerTi1. maSasadame, RmerTis arsebobis damaskeli-seuli dasabuTeba sabolood SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT: samyaroSi arsebobs wesrigi, unda iyos momwesrigebeli da igi aris RmerTi. samyaroSi aris Seqmnili, romelic xasiaT-deba cvalebadobiT, unda iyos Seqmnilis Semqmneli, ro-melic ucvleli iqneba da aseTi aris RmerTi.

RmerTis arsebobis dasabuTebisTvis ioane damaskeli `saRmrTo werils~ (Zveli da axali aRTqma) mimarTavs. Rmer-Ti rom arsebobs, amaSi eWvis Setana SeuZlebelia, da es Cans `saRmrTo werilidanac~, aRniSnavs damaskeli.

ioane damaskelis azriT, RmerTi erTia da ara mravali. amis dasasabuTeblad igi mimarTavs `saRmrTo werilis~ av-toritetebs, romelTa mixedviTac RmerTi erTia. magram damaskeli amaze ar Cerdeba da mimarTavs RmerTis, rogorc erTis, metafizikur dasabuTebas. es dasabuTeba neopla-tonikosTa TvalsazrisTan axlosaa.

Tu RmerTi iqneba mravali, maSin iq, sadac erTia, ar iqneba meore2. gamodis, rom RmerTi ar SeiZleba mrava-li iyos imis gamo, rom RmerTi, rogorc srulyofili da yvelafris momcveli arseba, SeuZlebelia sadme iyos da sadme ara. amitomac sadac RmerTia, meorisTvis iq adgili aRar rCeba. sxva SemTxvevaSi darRveuli iqneba RmerTis, rogorc srulyofilis, principi. aq, damaskelis Sexedule-bebi pirdapir emTxveva plotines Tvalsazriss.

RmerTis, rogorc erTis dasabuTebisas, damaskelis TvalsazrisSi, TvalnaTliv SeimCneva areopagitikis gav-

1 Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 6.2 iqve, gv. 10.

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lena. damaskelis azriT, Tu mravali RmerTi iqneboda, maSin wesrigi moiSleba, vinaidan gansxvavebas winaaRmde-gobamde mivyavarT. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, dasabami (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) SeuZlebelia erTi ar iyos, vinaidan sxva SemTxvevaSi igi, rogorc simravle, Tavisi Tavis wi-naaRmdegi da damSleli iqneboda1. aq damaskelis Tvalsaz-risis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan eWvs ar unda iwvevdes.

yuradReba unda mieqces erT garemoebas: fsevdo-dio-nise areopagelTan gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia, rom, Tuki dasabami iqneba ori (e. i. simravle), maSin igi aRar iqneba martivi da erTi (`...ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara martivi da erTobiTi~). pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc martivi, daSvebulia neoplatonur filosofiaSi. fsevdo-dionises mxridan am Tvalsazrisis aRiareba faqtobrivad qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi neoplatonuri ideebis Semotanas niS-navda. es ki ori didi msoflmxedvelobis gaerTianebis gza-ze mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. am sakiTxSi ioane damaskeli areopagitul moZRvrebas mihyveba.

3. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebaioane damaskeli mimarTavs platonis filosofiasa da

neoplatonizmSi, kerZod, areopagitikaSi kargad cnobil RmerTisa da mzis analogias: RvTaeba, misi azriT, marti-vi Semoqmedebaa, keTili da srulyofilia... igi (RmerTi), rogorc mzis sxivi, yvelas aTbobs, nivTSi moqmedebs am nivTis Tvisebebis mixedviT2. iqve aRniSnulia, rom nivTe-bze RvTa ebrivi Zalebi moqmedebs maTi unaris mixedviT. es unari isev RvTaebisganaa. am punqtSi areopagitikis gavlena TvalsaCinoa, Tumca areopagituli aucileblobis principi aRar Cans.


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erT punqtSi gansakuTrebiT SeimCneva damaskel-is msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagitikasTan. dam-askeli aRniSnavs: RmerTi yvelafris sawyisi da mizezia, yvelafris arsebaa, sicocxlea, cocxal arsebaTa gonebaa. igi yvelafris dasasrulia. maTi sawyisicaa da dasasrulic, romlebic mas CamoSorda da ukuubrundeba. amis damadas-turebeli adgilebi areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mravladaa. SevCerdebiT erT maTganze. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, arsebebs yvela Sesabamisi unari RmerTisgan aqvT YminiWebuli. amasTan, yoveli arseba ubrundeba RmerTs maTi unaris meSveobiT, romlebic agreTve, RmerTisgan aqvT. ase, magaliTad, gonebis mqone RmerTTan erTiandeba SemecnebiT, grZnobis matarebelni grZnobadobiT da a. S. TviT usulo arsebebic ki, RvTaebrivia maTi arsebobis faqtiT1.

RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebaze msjelobisas damas-kelis msoflmxedveloba, erTi SexedviT, am sakiTxSic am-JRavnebs siaxloves neoplatonur filosofiasTan, magram arsebiTad igi sapirispiro Tvalsazrisia.

ioane damaskelis azriT, roca keTili RmerTi aRar da-kmayofilda Tavisi Tavis WvretiT da sikeTis siWarbis gamo moisurva, rom warmoqniliyo raRac, romelic momavalSi misi sikeTiT isargeblebda. am warmoqmnisas RmerTi ararss gardaqmnis arsebobad. RmerTi am dros qmnis yvelafers, yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe, rogorc uxilavs, agreTve, xilulsa da adamiansac. TviT adamiani Sedgeba xilulisa da uxilavisgan (e. i. sulisa da sxeulisagan). aRniSnuli kre-acionistuli Tvalsazrisis klasikuri nimuSia. pirvel rig-Si yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom damaskelTan garegnu-lad aris siaxlove neoplatonur filosofiasTan. kerZod, rogorc neoplatonizmSi, aqac warmoSobis safuZvelia siWarbe (plotinesTan srulyofilebis siWarbe, prokles-Tan potenciis siWarbe, fsevdo-dionisesTan `trfialebis~ siWarbe, damaskelTan sikeTis siWarbe). magram gansxvaveba


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ufro arsebiTia. damaskelTan am SemTxvevaSi sikeTes sub-stanciis mniSvneloba ki ar aqvs, aramed eTikuri, kerZod, aq saubaria RmerTze, rogorc keTilze. es ki miuTiTebs Rmer-Tze, rogorc subieqtze, romelic qmnis sakuTari nebiTa da surviliT. amas adasturebs aseTi gamoTqmebi: `RmerTi aRar dakmayofilda~, `RmerTma sikeTis siWarbis gamo moisurva~, `momavalSi misi sikeTiT isargebla~...

arsebaTa warmoSobis sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis kre-acionizmi TiTqmis yvelgan mJRavndeba. am mxriv sayura-dReboa, misi Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: keTilma, sayovelTaod keTilma da zekeTilma RmerTma, masSi arsebuli sikeTis si-Warbis gamo `aRar moiTmina~, rom sikeTe calke yofiliyo da Seqmna sinamdvile pirvelad mxolod gonebiT misaRwevi da ciuri Zalebi Seqmna, Semdgom xiluli da grZnobadi sa-myaro, Semdgom adamiani (jer misi gonebiT misaRwevi nawili, mere ki grZnobiT misaRwevi – jer suli da mere sxeuli). ioane damaskeli am sakiTxSi ZiriTadad biblias emyareba.

RmerTis mier Seqmnili arsebebi, damaskelis azriT, mudam monawileobs RvTaebriv sikeTeSi da es ara mxolod imis gamo, rom RmerTma es arsebebi ararsidan arsis sfer-oSi `gadaiyvana~ (arseboba mianiWa), aramed imitomac, rom mis (RmerTis) Zalas inaxavas da Seicavs imas, rac misganaa warmoSobili1.

RmerTi, Tavis srulyofilebisa da aRematebulobis miuxedavad, `zrunavs~ arsebebze, gansakuTrebiT ki masTan axlo myofebze. ase magaliTad, RmerTi cocxal arsebebze ufro zrunavs, vidre aracocxlebze, radganac isini arse-boben da monawileoben sicocxleSi da es arsebebi ufro axlobelni arian RmerTTan2. damaskelisTvis goneba aris RmerTTan erTianobis saSualeba. es mosazreba, rogorc cota zemoT vnaxeT, gvxvdeba areopagitikaSic, sadac naTq-vamia, rom gonieri arsebebi RvTaebasTan gaerTianebuli

1 ИоаннДамаскин.dasax. naSr., gv. 218.2 iqve, gv. 118-119.

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arian Semecnebis unaris meSveobiT, grZnobadi mgrZnobelo-bis meSveobiT da a. S. am punqtSi namdvilad aris siaxlove areopagitikasa da damaskelis msoflmxedvelobas Soris, Tumca yvelafers amas fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan ufro mkacri sistemis saxe aqvs, vidre damaskelTan.

ioane damaskelis kreacionizmi kargad Cans agreTve, msjelobaSi mamaRmerTsa da ZeRmerTze. rogor warmoiSva Ze mamisgan? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas damaskeli aRniS-navs, rom saerTod mamaze maSin SeiZleba msjeloba, roca warmoiSoba Svili. magram SeiZleba iTqvas – RmerTi gaxda mama. SeiZleba, rom RmerTi ar iyos raime da gaxdes? RmerTi maradiulia da amgvari ramis Tqma mis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia. es warmoSoba sruliadac ar niSnavs RmerTis bunebidan war-moSobas. am warmoSobis dros RmerTis buneba ar icvleba1.

damaskeli erTmaneTisgan asxvavebs dabadebasa da Se-qmnas. dabadeba aris dambadeblis bunebidan misi msgavsis gamoyvana, xolo Seqmna gulisxmobs, rom Semqmneli da Se-qmnili sruliadac ar emsgavsebian erTmaneTs2. rogorc vxedavT, SeqmnaSi damaskeli arafrisagan Seqmnas gulisx-mobs, dabadebaSi ki – msgavsidan msgavsis gamoyvanas. ma-gram RmerTSi, damaskelis mixedviT, dabadeba da Seqmna erTi da igivea. es imis gamo, rom RmerTi, rogorc sru-lyofileba, arc dabadebas eqvemdebareba da arc Seqmnas: dabadeba usaw yiso da maradiulia, xolo Seqmna droSia3. am azris naTelsayofad ioane damaskeli aseT Sedarebas mimarTavs: erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba RmerTisa da ada-mianis mier ganxorcielebuli Seqmna. adamiani ukve arsebu-lidan qmnis, RmerTi ki – arafrisgan. RmerTma sakmarisia isurvos da Seqmnac ganxorcieldeba. RmerTis mier ganxor-cielebul Seqmna-dabadebas arc sawyisi aqvs da arc bolo. ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobis es rTuli adgili, ase

1 Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 16.2 iqve, gv. 17.3 iqve. gv. 17.

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unda gavigoT: RmerTi rom dabadebas droSi axorcieleb-des, maSin misi srulyofileba dairRveoda. am monakveTSi dabadebisa da Seqmnis cnebebi damaskelTan araa dazuste-buli, rac gansaxilveli problemis sirTuliT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. aq erTmaneTSi gadanaskvulia Seqmnis fi-losofiuri da religiuri Tvalsazrisi. `dabadebis~ dam-askeliseuli analizi ufro qmnadobis filosofiur gagebas gamoxatavs.

bolos damaskeli arCevs mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis mimarTebas. maT Soris msgavseba, damaskelis mixedviT, ima-Sia, rom Ze, mamaRmerTis msgavsad, erTia. gansxvavebiT misgan ki Ze-s axasiaTebs dabadeba1. magram es maradiuli mimarTe-baa da mamaRmerTisgan Ze iseve ganuyofelia, rogorc cecx-lisgan siTbo. Semdeg damaskeli ganixilavs suliwmidas da daaskvnis, rom sami ipostazis safuZvels ar Seadgens Rmer-Tis bunebis sirTule. es ipostazebi erTianobaSia da a. S.

4. katafatika da apofatika`gardamocemis~ erT adgilze damaskeli aRniSnavs, rom

zogjer katafatika aRemateba apofatikas2. amgvari deb-uleba Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi, miT umetes, RvTis-metyvelebaSi, iSviaT gamonakliss warmoadgens. xSirad mkvlevari ama Tu im moazrovnesTan Sefarul miniSnebebs eZebs katafatikuri meTodis `sasargeblod~ TqmulSi. aq ki sqolastikis mamamTavari acxadebs: zogjer katafatika aRemateba apofatikaso. magram damaskelis es debuleba ar unda cvlides saqmis saerTo viTarebas.

ioane damaskelis Tanaxmad, rodesac RmerTs dadebiTad (katafatikurad) vaxasiaTebT da vambobT, rom igi aris sib-nele, amiT sinaTlis sawinaaRmdegos ki ar vambobT, aramed zesinaTles vaxasiaTebT. es mosazreba did rols asruleb-da neoplatonur filosofiaSi, areopagitikaSi, Semdgom ki

1 Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 19.2 iqve, gv. 8.

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eriugenas msoflmxedvelobaSi. magram yovel moazrovnes-Tan es azri sxvadasxvanairi formiT iyo gadmocemuli. ioane damaskelTan ki, rogorc vnaxeT, es Tvalsazrisi katafatikis apofatikaze aRmatebulobis safuZveli gax-da. am sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba axlo-saa are opagitikasTan. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, rodesac RmerTs gonebisa da grZnobis armqones (`ugonebo¡ da ugrZnobeloba¡~) vuwodebT, amiT mas ki ar vamcirebT, piriqiT, mis zeaRmatebulebas aRvniSnavT: `viTar-igi us-ityuobasaca vit¢iT zeSTasityuaobisaT¢s da usrulobasa zeSTasrulisaT¢s~1.

rogorc fsevdo-dionisesTan, ise ioane damaskelTan naTlad Cans, rom RmerTis daxasiaTebisas Cven ra niSnebsac mivawerT mas, ar Seesabameba mis srulyofil bunebas. metic, zogjer RmerTSi miwerili niSnis sapirispiro igulisxmeba. yvelaferi amis mizezi ki isaa, rom RmerTis, rogorc yov-lad srulyofilis, gamosaxatavad vsargeblobT naklovani predikatebiT. amgvari Tvalsazrisi ki winaswarve Semdeg daskvnas gulisxmobs: RmerTis miRweva, gamoxatva da mis Sesaxeb raime dadebiTi codna SeuZlebelia. amas gulisx-mobs rogorc fsevdo-dionise, ise ioane damaskelis mso-flmxedveloba. RmerTisadmi uaryofiTi predikatebis mi-wera ki ar niSnavs mis naklovanebas, aramed, piriqiT, misi zeaRmatebulobis maCvenebelia (pirdapir mihyveba areopagi-tikas), vinaidan igi raRac arsebulTagani ki araa, aramed maTze zeaRmatebuli2. RmerTi dadebiTad xasiaTdeba im az-riT, rom igi aris yvelafris mizezi. amis gamo mas uwodeben gonebas, sibrZnes... unda SevniSnoT, rom ioane damaskels, Cveni azriT, pirvelad azrovnebis istoriaSi, srulad aqvs mocemuli dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebis analizi.

aseve originaluri Tu ara, srulyofili maincaa damas-kelis Semdegi mosazrebani: RmerTi ufro im saxelebiT xa-

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.2 ИоаннДамаскин.dasax. naSr., gv. 34.

288

siaTdeba, romlebic axlosaa masTan. magaliTad, usxeulo ufro gamoxatavs mis bunebas, vidre sxeulis mqone, sufTa, vidre arasufTa, wminda, vidre ukanono da a. S. amitomac RmerTi ufro mzed iwodeba, vidre wydiadad, dRed, vidre Ramed, sicocxled, vidre sikvdilad da a. S. damaskeli askv-nis, rom RmerTi ufro im arsebebiT SeiZleba gamovxatoT, romlebic arseboben1. aq damaskelis Tvalsazrisis winaaR-mdegobrivi xasiaTi Cans. sxvagan igi ambobs, rom RmerTze ufro vityviT Tu ra ar aris, vidre ra aris.

ioane damaskelis azriT, RmerTs miewereba Semdegi predikatebi: sikeTe da yovlismomcveloba. aq damaskeli fsevdo-dionises imowmebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTis upirvelesi saxelia sikeTe2. am mosazrebaSi upirvelesad igulisxmeba, rom RmerTi da sikeTe erTmaneTisgan ganuy-ofelia. amitom, roca vambobT `RmerTi~, masSi ukve igu-lisxmeba sikeTe da – piriqiT.

RmerTis meore predikatia yovlismomcveloba3. amis Semdeg damaskeli aRniSnavs, rom RmerTma yvelaferi gan-Wvrita, hqonda yvelafris saxe da gegma. am mosazrebas Tu neoplatonur msoflmxedvelobas (gansakuTrebiT ki plotinesas) da areopagitikas SevadarebT, cxadi gaxdeba ioane damaskelis Tvalsazrisis kreacionistuli xasiaTi. maSin, roca plotinesTan RmerTs (pirvelmizezs) araviTari gegma da survilebi ar gaaCnia. ase rom yofiliyo, maSin RmerTi naklovani iqneboda. asea areopagitikaSic, RmerTi yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe warmoSobs ise, rogorc mze...

RmerTi, rogorc sikeTe, arsi, ioane damaskelis azriT, miuTiTebs imaze, rom igi arsebobs da ara imaze, Tu ra aris igi. meore saxeli (yovlismomcveloba, yovlismWvreteloba, yovlismxedveloba) misi Semoqmedebis maCvenebelia, xolo

1 ИоаннДамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 34.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 28.

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RmerTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc usasrulos, usawyisos... niS-navs, rom is araa Seqmnili, usxeuloa, maradiulia...

5. sikeTeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaioane damaskeli sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebu-

lebis garkvevisas areopagituli Tvalsazrisis msgavs mo-sazrebas gamoTqvams, Tumca am sakiTxSi es ori moazrovne sabolood gansxvavebul poziciaze dgas. damaskelis az-riT, `boroteba sxva araferia, Tu ara sikeTis kleba, ise, rogorc sibnelea sinaTlis kleba, vinaidan sikeTe aris sulieri sinaTle, xolo boroteba – sibnele~1. areopagi-tikaSic zustad aseTi Tvalsazrisia gatarebuli. magram fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixedviT, borotebis gaCenis safuZvelia sikeTis sxivis Sesusteba, erTi mxriv, da arse-baTa mier sikeTis miuRebloba, meore mxriv. amasTan, fsev-do-dionises mixedviT, boroteba SemTxveviTia da Cndeba sikeTis Sesustebis Sedegad, erTi mxriv, da arsebaTa na-kleb srulyofilebis gamo, meore mxriv. rac Seexeba io-ane damaskels, marTalia, mis moZRvrebaSic aris saubari borotebis gaCenaze sikeTis klebis Sedegad, magram masTan borotebis mizezad gamocxadebulia adamianic.

boroteba, damaskelis azriT, adamianis TviTneburi moqmedebis Sedegia. yvela arseba RmerTis mier Seqmnil-ia, rogorc keTili, isini sakuTari TviTnebobiT xdebian rogorc mSvenierni, ise borotni2. adamians borotebisken ubiZgebs sxeuli. damaskelTan boroteba, materiasTanaa dakavSirebuli, romelsac safuZveli antikur filosofiaSi aqvs. mxolod plotines filosofiidan iwyeba sikeTis ab-soluturobisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis daSveba. proklesTan, gansakuTrebiT ki areopagitikaSi, borotebis yovelgvari mniSvneloba moxsnilia. rogorc vxedavT, am

1 ИоаннДамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 50.2 iqve, gv. 253-254.

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sakiTxSic damaskelisa da areopagitul TvalsazrisTa So-ris TvalsaCino gansxvavebaa.

ioane damaskeli saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams, roca pasuxs iZleva Semdeg kiTxvebze: RmerTs ra uSlida xels, rom mxolod sikeTe Seeqmna? ratom dauSva borote-ba? damaskelis azriT, RmerTma adamiani samoTxeSi moa-Tavsa da mas akrZaluli xili aCvena. Tuki adamiani cTune-bas gauZlebda, maSin igi bednierebas eziareboda. magram adamianma ver gauZlo cTunebas, ahyva eSmaks, risTvisac daisaja kidec1. es araa saboloo pasuxi da damaskeli aq gamoTqvams mosazrebas, romelic aRniSnul kiTxvaze erT-erTi marjve pasuxi unda iyos. sxva saqmea, sworia Tu ara es.

damaskelis pasuxi ki aseTia: gamoucdeli adamiani araf-rad ar varga.

damaskeli akritikebs sikeTisa da borotebis, rogorc sawyisebis daSvebas (asea areopagitikaSic). orive sawyisi rom iyos, maSin maT Soris morigeba iqneboda saWiro. ma-gram sikeTe, romelic borotebas Seegueboda, aRar iqne-boda sikeTe da – piriqiT. asevea borotebac. maT Soris, arc mSvidoba SeiZleba, vinaidan boroteba da mSvidoba gana warmosagenia? maSasadame, aris erTi, yovelgvari borotebi-sgan Tavisufali sawyisi. amitomac vambobT, rom boroteba aris `sikeTis kleba~. aq areopagitikasTan siaxlove eWvga-reSea. magram, radganac sxvagan damaskeli bolomde ver icavs am princips, amitomac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebulebaze damaskelis Tvalsazrisi Sinagani winaaRmdegobiTa da araTanamimdevrulobiT xasi-aTdeba.

ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobisa da areopagi-tuli moZRvrebis Sedarebis safuZvelze SeiZleba Semdegi daskvnebis gakeTeba:

1 ИоаннДамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 118.

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1. gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod, neo-platonuri filosofiis gavlena aris damaskelis `diale-qtikaSic~.

2. ioane damaskelisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobaTa siaxlove gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa moZRvrebaSi RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) Sesaxeb.

3. RmerTis mier arsebaTa warmoqmnis (Sesaqme) sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionisesa da damaskelis Tvalsazriss Soris prin-cipuli gansxvavebaa.

4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis Tvalsazrisi zogierT sakiTxSi mihyveba areopa-gitikas, Tumca sabolood masTan boroteba materiasTanaa dakavSirebuli, rac ar gvxvdeba areopagitikaSi.

ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba aris Sua saukune-ebSi filosofiuri da Teologiuri Tvalsazrisebis er-Tianobis nimuSi, romelSic filosofia aRiarebulia, ro-gorc mxo lod Teologiis msaxuri.

$ 3. areopagitika da eriugenas filosofia

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlia ioane skot eriugena (daaxl. 810-877). fi-losofiis mkvlevarTa (a. briliantovi, a. vertelovski, k. zam s tagi, v. pregeri, i. tatarski, T. qristilibi da sxv.) umravlesobis azriT, eriugenas filosofia ZiriTadad gansazRvrulia avgustines, grigol noselis, fsevdo-di-onise areopagelisa da maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxedv-elobebiT; eriugenas ZiriTadi Sromis – `bunebis dayofis Sesaxeb~ ganxilva naTels xdis am mosazrebis marTebulo-bas. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom eriugena xSirad mimarTavs agreTve plotines, basili didis, grigol nazianzelis, io-ane damaskelisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisebs.

292

eriugenas filosofiis Sesaxeb qarTul mecnierebaSi specialuri gamokvleva ar arsebobs1.

eriugenas Sesaxeb arsebobs a. briliantovis umniS-vnelovanesi gamokvleva, romelic warmoadgens eriugenas filosofiis yovelmxrivi ganxilvis pirvel cdas ruseTSi.

a. briliantovis gamokvlevaSi Rrmad da safuZvli-anadaa gaanalizebuli eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis ro-gorc filosofiuri, ise Teologiuri wyaroebi. naCvenebia eriugenas filosofiis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebas-Tan. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa a. briliantovis mosaz-reba, romlis Tanaxmadac, adamianuri codna sabolood ver swvdeba RmerTs. amasTan, a. briliantovis azriT, eriugena apofatikuri RvTismetyvelebiT gadmoscems yovelgvari adamianuri cnebebisa da saxelebis Seusabamobas absolutis WeSmarit arsebasTan. am sakiTxSi eriugena axlosaa areopa-gitul moZRvrebasTan2.

eriugenas Sromebi orgvari xasiaTisaa: 1. naTargmni literatura, romelSic Sedis: 1) areopagi-

tuli Txzulebani; 2) maqsime aRmsareblis Sromebi. 2. originaluri literatura: 1) winaswar gansazRvru-

lobebis Sesaxeb, romelic Seqmnilia manam, sanam eri-ugena mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas daiwyebda; 2) `bunebis ganyofisTvis~3, romelzedac areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda. igi warmoadgens eriugenas ZiriTad Sromas, romelSic mJRavndeba avtoris msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. eriugenas aqvs sxva Sromebic.

1 qarTvel mecnierTagan ioane skot eriugenas filosofias sxvadasxva kuTxiT Seexen S. nucubiZe, m. gogoberiZe, m. WeliZe, g. TevzaZe.

2 А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С-Петербург, 1898, gv. 276.

3 IohanesScotusErigena.ÜberdieEintheilungderNatur.Leipzig,1874,AbtI,(1-3Buch).1870,Abt.II,4-5Buch.

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eriugenas Sroma `bunebis ganyofisTvis~ iwyeba maswav-leblisa (eriugenas) da moswavles Soris saubriT sayov-elTao bunebaze. eriugenas azriT, buneba imis sayovelTao saxelia, rac aris da rac ar aris1. am sayovelTao bunebaSi avtori asxvavebs oTx formas:

I. buneba, romelic qmnis, magram TviT araa Seqmnili; II. buneba, romelic Seqmnilia da amasTan, qmnis;III. buneba, romelic Seqmnilia, magram ar qmnis; IV. buneba, romelic arc Seqmnilia da arc qmnis. am oTx formaTagan eriugenas mixedviT, I da III, II da

IV erTmaneTs upirispirdeba. eriugenas mier sayovelTao bunebis dayofa oTx formad, filosofiis istoriaSi ax-ali sityva iyo. swored amis gamo h. riteri eriugenas am Tvalsazriss originalurad miiCnevs2. aq mTavari, rasac yuradReba unda mieqces, aris eriugenas gamoTqma: buneba aris sayovelTao saxeli imisa, rac aris da rac ar aris da rac SeiZleba iyos. maSasadame, eriugenasTan ukve faqtadaa miRebuli arsisa da ararsis erTianobis aucilebloba, romelic winamaval filosofiaSi (platonTan da neopla-tonizmSi) erT-erTi ZiriTadi siZnele iyo.

1. moZRvreba RmerTzeRmerTis daxasiaTebisas eriugena ZiriTadad fsevdo-

dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobas mihyveba. RmerTis bunebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris fizikuroba, goneba, azrovneba, ise, rogorc es adamianebs axasiaTebT3. es mo-menti areopagitul moZRvrebaSic gvxvdeba. amasTan, fsev-do-dionisesTan, rogorc es areopagituli moZRvrebis

1 Erigena.dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 1. 2 H. Ritter. Geschichte der christliche Philosophie. Hamburg, 1844, Th. 5,

gv. 215.3 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 2.

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filosofiuri problemebis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, RmerTis amgvari gageba misi aRmatebulobis maCvenebelia1.

RmerTi eriugenasTan aris pirveli buneba, anu, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sayovelTao bunebis forma. aq eriugenasTan RmerTi ise xasiaTdeba, rogorc neoplatonikosebTan. Rmer-Ti yvelaferSia, yvelafers misgan aqvs saTave, misi meSveo-biT arseboben Seqmnilebi. amitomac RmerTi SeqmnilTa ara marto mizezia, aramed mizanic. RmerTi aris sawyisi, Sua da bolo. aq yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom eriugenas-Tan aqcenti gakeTebulia RmerTis yvelgan da yvelaferSi myofobaze. asea areopagitikaSic, sadac RmerTi yvelganaa da amave dros arsad araa, yvelaferSi Seicnoba da amas-Tan, araferSi ar Seicnoba. am debulebis pirveli nawili da eriugenas aq aRniSnuli mosazreba ZiriTadad erTmaneTs emTxveva.

eriugenas mixedviT, RmerTis buneba mis gamovlenaSi mdgomareobs. RmerTis neba, survili da RmerTis arsi erT-maneTisgan ar gansxvavdeba. es ori ram RmerTSi erTia2. aq naTlad Cans, rom eriugenam garkveuli azriT ganaviTara neoplatonuri filosofia. neoplatonizmSi, marTalia, aRi-arebulia RvTaebrivi procesebis zedrouli xasiaTi, magram masTan ase naTlad, rogorc eriugenasTan, ar Cans RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) moqmedebisa da arsis igiveoba. rodesac eriugenas filosofiaSi daSvebulia RmerTis moqmedebis, e.i. RmerTis mier arsebaTa warmoqmnis maradiuloba, amiT garkveulad aRiarebulia samyaros maradiulobac. RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) da arsebaTa amgvari mimarTeba, sabolood, maTi erTianobis winapirobaa.

eriugenas filosofiis es adgili sxva mxrivacaa sayura-dRebo. eriugena aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis neba, survili da arsi erTi da igivea. rogorc wesi, rodesac RmerTs nebis, survilis predikatebi miewereba, maSin RmerTSi igulisxmeba

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.2 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 22.

295

subieqturi, ufro sworad, subieqtis donemde amaRlebuli RmerTi. eriugenasTan ki aRiarebulia, rom es survili, neba da arsi erTi da igivea. amasTan, erTic da meorec maradi-ulia, rac niSnavs, rom gamoricxulia drois faqtori. es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom eriugenas moZRvrebaSi adgili aRar rCeba kreacionizmisaTvis, radganac am ukanasknelisTvis dro Seqmnis aucilebeli momentia.

RmerTi yvelafris Semqmnelia, magram ra mimarTebaSia RmerTi Tavis TavTan? qmnis Tu ara igi Tavis Tavsac? eri-ugenas azriT, aseTi Seqmna sinamdvileSi sxva araferia, Tu ara RmerTis mier sagnebis bunebis dafuZvneba1. amrigad, eriugenas moZRvrebaSi sagnebis, arsebebis Seqmna faqto-brivad aris RmerTis gamovlena...

RmerTi (pirvelmizezi) rom Tavis SemoqmedebaSi, ufro sworad, arsebebSi mJRavndeba, es azri neoplatonuri fi-losofiidan modis. plotines mixedviT, yvelaferi RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili da amitomac aris maTSi RvTaebrivi Zalebis kvali. fsevdo-dionise amis safuZvelze ambobda, rom Rmer-Ti yvelaferSia da yvelafriT Seimecneba. eriugena neo-platonuri filosofiis am princips iRebs, magram masSi arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlileba Seaqvs, kerZod: RmerTis Ses-aqmesa da arss aigivebs da amas maradiulad miiCnevs. amiT ki RmerTisa da samyaros erTianoba (Tu mTlianoba) ufro damajerebeli xdeba. swored, es unda hqondeT mxedvelo-baSi, rodesac eriugenas moZRvrebas axasiaTeben, rogorc panTeisturs.

eriugenas filosofiaSi RmerTi ganusazRvrulia, ma-gram TavisTavad igi gansazRvrulia2. RmerTi ramdenadac srulyofilebaa, amdenad, igi gansazRvrulia. magram Rmer-Ti, rogorc srulyofileba, Seucnobeli da miuwvdomelia sasruli arsebisTvis (mag., adamianisTvis), amitomac igi, rogorc eriugena ityvis, Seucnobelia, ganusazRvrelia. es

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 22.2 iqve, gv. 200.

296

rom asea, TviT eriugenas filosofiidanac cxadad Cans. er-iugena gansjis sagnad ixdis RvTaebriv wyvdiads. es samya-ro, eriugenas azriT, ganlagebulia zevidan qveviT, zeci-uridan am samyaros umdables sxeulamde. bunebis yoveli wesrigi (mowesrigeba) mas RvTaebasTan aaxloebs, magram xSirad zeciuri Zalis miuRweveli sicxade Teologiis mier wyvdiadad aris wodebuli1. pirvel rigSi, CvenTvis aq mTa-varia `miuRweveli sicxadis~ cneba. masSi ori sapirispiroa gaerTianebuli – `miuRweveli~ da `sicxade~. bunebrivia, rom SeuZlebelia imis sicxadeze msjeloba, rac miuRweveli da miuwvdomelia. aq ufro logikur daSvebas aqvs adgili. RmerTi, rogorc srulyofileba, TavisTavad gansazRvruli da cxadia, magram amave srulyofilebis safuZvelze sasru-li arsebebisTvis ganusazRvreli da wyvdiadia.

es mosazrebani saTaves neoplatonizmSi iRebs, eriuge-nas filosofiaSi ki mocemulia misi ganmarteba.2

eriugena RmerTis dasaxasiaTeblad mimarTavs mis sistemaSi mocemul sam gansazRvrebas: arseba, Zala da mo-qmedeba. arsebis mixedviT, RmerTi aris SemousazRvreli, Zalis mixedviT – miuRweveli, xolo moqmedebis mixedviT – ganusazRvreli. amitomac mas arc dasawyisi aqvs zemodan, arc bolo qvemodan da is yovelmxriv ganusazRvreli da SeuzRudavia3. pirvelmizezSi (RmerTSi) sami ganzomilebis moTavseba filosofiis istoriaSi ucxo ar aris. magaliTad, platonTan absoluti moicavs WeSmaritebas, mSvenierebasa da sikeTes. neoplatonizmSic, ZiriTadad gaziarebulia es

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 333.2 msgavs viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme rusTavelis `vefxistyao-

sanSi~, kerZod, roca poeti gansjis sagnad ixdis `mziani Ramisa~ da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebs. ix. S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 275-297. avtors naTlad da dama je-reblad aqvs naCvenebi `vefxistyaosnis~, – misive aRniSvniT, – am `brwyinvale poeturi saxeebis~ kavSiri areopagitul moZRvre-basTan.

3 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 209.

297

azri, Tumca cxadad amaze arc erTi neoplatonikosi ar miuTiTebs. sinamdvileSi ki erTi goneba, erTi suli – erTi RmerTis saxelebia da warmoadgens mis gamovlenas sxva-dasxva safexursa da stadiaze. sxva adgilas vnaxavT, rom eriugenasTanac arseba, Zala da moqmedeba erTi da igivea.

eriugena imowmebs fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Tval-sazriss, romlis mixedviT, RmerTi yvelganaa da arsad araa, yvelaferSi Seimecneba da amave dros, araferSi Seimecneba. iqve igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi aris erTi. eriugena svams kiTxvas: Tu RmerTi erTia, maSin rogorRaa is yvelaferi? (Tu yvelaferia, maSin simravle unda iyos, - m. m.). aRniS-nulis gasarkvevad eriugena mimarTavs aseT magaliTs: aviRoT sxivi da ricxvi. sinaTlis sxivi erTia, magram is yvelas swvdeba. asevea ricxvic. cxoveli, mcenare, adami-ani... gamoixa teba erTi ricxviT. aq, eriugena Semdegs gu-lisxmobs: erTi adamiani, erTi mcenare... maTi Sinaarsi sxvadasxvaa, magram gamoxatulia erTi ricxviT. yovelive amis safuZvelze, eriugenas msjelobidan aseTi daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba: RmerTi erTia, magram moicavs yvelasa da yvelafers.

RmerTis daxasiaTebisas eriugena saintereso mosazre-bas gamoTqvams. rodesac Cven RmerTs vuwodebT arss, igi rogorc ararsis sapirispiro, ki ar unda gavigoT, aramed zearsebiTi. aseve SeiZleba iTqvas sikeTis Sesaxebac. mas sikeTes vuwodebT ara rogorc borotebisadmi dapiri-spirebuls, aramed rogorc zesikeTes1. amgvaradve unda gavigoT gamoTqmebi: `RmerTi araa WeSmariteba~, `sibrZne~, `sicocxle~, `sinaTle~... e. i. am gamoTqmaSi yovelTvis igu-lisxmeba: zesikeTe, zesibrZne, zesicocxle da a. S. amgvari mosazrebani gvxvdeba areopagitikaSic2.

eriugena sagangebod ganixilavs areopagitul dadeb-iTsa da uaryofiT Teologias da svams kiTxvas: upirisp-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 28.2 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

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irdebian Tu ara es meTodebi erTmaneTs?1 igi aseT mag-aliTs ixilavs: WeSmariteba aris (dadebiTi Teologia) da WeSmariteba ar aris (uaryofiTi Teologia). am magali-Tis safuZvelze igi daaskvnis: ra Tqma unda, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Teologia erTmaneTs upirispirdeba, magram aris cnebebi, romlebic arc dadebiT gansazRvrebas eqvem-debareba da arc uaryofiTs, magaliTad zearsebiTi, zesi-brZne, WeSmariti... eriugenas Tanaxmad, yvela eseni zearse-bulis sferoa, romelic moicavs rogorc dadebiT, ise uaryofiT gansazRvrebebs. aq Zneli araa imis danaxva, rom eriugenasTan zearsebulis sferoSi dapirispirebulTa er-Tianobaa, ufro sworad, zearsebuli moicavs dapirispire-bulebs. eriugenas moZRvrebis es adgili uSualo kavSir-Sia areopagitikasTan, kerZod: fsevdo-dionises Tanaxmad, jer aris RmerTis dadebiTi gansazRvrebebi, xolo Semdeg – uaryofiTi. magram, amasTan, RmerTi imaze metia, vidre mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba2. eriugenas moZ-RvrebaSi ufro dakonkretebulia areopagituli Tvalsaz-risi da is, rac areopagitikaSi igulisxmeba (zeSTaarsebu-lis sferoSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodis gauqmeba), eriugenasTan ganmartebuli da garkveulia.

v. sokolovi aRniSnavs, rom eriugenas filosofiaSi arsebulTa samyaro, maTi mimarTeba, areopagituli moZ-Rvrebisgan gansxvavebiT, mkveTri dinamikurobiT xasiaT-deba3. aRniSnuli mosazrebis marTebulobis maCvenebelia eriugenas Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: yovel moZraobas gaaCnia amosavali punqti da saboloo mizani4. amave azris iyo maqsime aRmsarebelic da eriugena ganixilavs mis mosazre-bas, romlis Tanaxmad, yovelgvari Seqmnilis safuZveli da mizezia RmerTi. yvela arsebas, eriugenas azriT, aqvs Ta-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 30.2 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.3 В.Соколов.История средневековой философии.М.,1979,gv. 117.4 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 105.

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visi mizani da igi am miznisken moZraobs. arsebebs es mizani Tavis gareT aqvT, magram arian arsebebi, romelTac mizani gareT ki ara aqvT, aramed Tavis TavSi, vinaidan isini Tvi-Tonaa sakuTari Tavis sawyisi mizezi. aseTi arseba ar moZ-raobs, ar icvleba da arsad araa.

eriugenas Tvalsazrisi am sakiTxSi neoplatonuri filosofiidan momdinareobs, magram, rogorc bevr sxva sakiTxSi, aqac eriugena sakiTxs ufro konkretul saxes aZlevs.

pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc ukve aRiniSna, zeSTa-aRmatebulia da misi wvdoma Cvens Zalebs aRemateba. amis miuxedavad, Cven gvaqvs mis Sesaxeb garkveuli codnis sistema. am sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia plotinem. plotinesTan (da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan) arsebaTa saxelebis miweriT faqtobrivad RmerTze Cveneul warmodgenas viqmniT1. plotines filosofiis es adgili gadmosulia eriugenas moZRvrebaSi. Tu plotinesTan es ig-ulisxmeba da uSualod masze miTiTeba ar aris, eriugenas-Tan cxadad Cans plotines Tvalsazrisis mxolod amgvari interpretaciis SesaZlebloba. eriugenas azriT, rodesac Cven RmerTs garkveul kategoriebs mivawerT, amiT Cven mas viaxloebT da gasagebs vxdiT2.

eriugenas naSromis meore nawilis dasawyisSi ganxilu-lia sayovelTao bunebis oTxi forma. naCvenebia am formebs Soris arsebuli msgavseba da gansxvaveba3, riTac naTeli xdeba, rom sinamdvile erTi mTelia, masSi erTi saerTo kanonzomierebaa gamefebuli, amitomac es formebi erTma-neTis msgavsia, magram maT Soris gansxvavebac aris.

1 plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $13; me-5 wigni, $6.2 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 111.3 Erigena. igive naSr., II nawili, gv. 121.

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2. moZRvreba samebazeeriugenas moRvaweoba qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis

aRzevebis periods daemTxva. amitomac mis msoflmxedvelo-baSi aris rogorc filosifiuri, aseve religiuri nakade-bi. am mxriv yuradRebas imsaxurebs eriugenas Tvalsazrisi samebaze. es sakiTxi, eriugenas azriT, kargad gadmogvca dionise areopagelma, rodesac igi Seexo RvTaebis erTiano-bisa da samebis mimarTebas1.

eriugenas SeniSvniT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi erTi ram cxadia: RvTaebrivi sikeTe mdgomareobs erTaderTi arsis samgvar mudmivobaSi. eriugenas Tvalsazrisi, pirvel rigSi, yuradRebas imsaxurebs imiT, rom masSi neoplatonur (da platonur) filosofiaSi mocemuli samgansazRvrebiani erTiani RmerTi SeerTebulia qristianul samebasTan. ro-gorc cnobilia, platonTan WeSmariteba, sikeTe da mSve-niereba absolutSi erTi da igivea. es azri gaziarebuli da SeTvisebulia neoplatonizmSi. eriugenas filosofiaSi am gziTaa Semosuli erTi RmerTis samis saxiT (ipostaziT) warmodgena.

samebis ganxilvisas eriugenasTvis upirvelesi avto-riteti maqsime aRmsarebelia. igi imowmebs maqsime aRm-sarebels da aRniSnavs, rom TeologiaSi figurirebs aseTi gamoTqmebi: `dasawyisSi RmerTma Seqmna ca da dedamiwa~2. `man yvelaferi sibrZniT Seqmna~, man, e. i. `RmerTma samya-ro uformo masalisgan Seqmna~3. CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT bolo debulebaa saintereso, romlis safuZvelzec eri-ugenas msoflmxedvelobas sxvadasxvanairad afaseben. Sem-TxveviTi ar aris, rom miuTiTeben eriugenas panTeizmze, RmerTis imanenturobisa da transcendenturobis erTiano-baze... eriugenas moZRvrebaSi kreacionizmic SeiZleba iqnes amokiTxuli, Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom mis mso-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 23.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 168.

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flmxedvelobaSi gvxvdeba, agreTve, arafridan arsebaTa Se-qmnis Tvalsazrisic da a. S.

eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis Sefasebisas gaTval-iswinebul unda iqnes misi moZRvrebis yvela ZiriTadi principi. swored, am kuTxiT imsaxurebs did yuradRe-bas debuleba `man samyaro uformo masalisagan Seqmna~, radganac eriugenasTan daSvebulia uformo masala, rom-lisganac RmerTi qmnis samyaros. amdenad, safiqrebelia, rom debulebaSi RmerTma `samyaro uformo masalisagan Seqmna~, igulisxmeba ufro arsebulTa wesrigSi moyvana, masSi RvTaebrivi Zalis (RvTaebrivi sinaTlis, sikeTis...) ganxorcielebiT. maSasadame, eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis es punqti aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva: mis moZRvre-baSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (warmoqmna) ZiriTadad xiluli sinamdvilis mowesrigebas niSnavs.

adamianisa da RmerTis mimarTebis sakiTxSi eriugena ZiriTadad avgustinesa da maqsime aRmsarebels emyareba. avgustines moZRvrebaSi, adamiani aris RmerTis saxe xilul sinamdvileSi. eriugenas mixedviT ki, adamiani aris RmerTis anarekli, suraTi. Tu adamiani RmerTis anareklia, maSin igi unda Seicavdes mis Tvisebebsac. eriugenas Tanaxmad, adami-anSi, rogorc anareklSi mJRavndeba RvTaebrivi samebac. es sameba atarebs mamaRmerTis, Zesa da suliwmidas suraTebs.

konkretulad rogor mJRavndeba adamianSi RmerTis sam-bunebovneba? adamiani erTdroulad aris arsebac, Zalac da moqmedebac. adamianSi Zala udris arsebasa da moqmedebas, moqmedeba – arsebas da Zalas da a. S. ise, rogorc RmerTi (mama) aris mis Ze-Si da suliwmidaSi, Ze – mamasa da suli-wmidaSi, xolo suliwmida – mama-Sic da Ze-Sic1. amis Sesabam-isad: adamianSi mamaRmerTs Seesabameba arseba, Zes – Zala, xolo suliwmidas – moqmedeba.

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv, 174.

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rogorc ukve aRiniSna, eriugena RmerTSi sanam samebis sakiTxs Seexeboda, ganixilavs arsebas, Zalasa da moqmede-bas. aq ki sabolood RmerTisa da adamianis erTianobas warmogvidgens da, RvTaebrivi samebis Sesabamisad, adami-anSi miuTiTebs arsebaze, Zalasa da moqmedebaze. aq eWvi ar aris, rom eriugenas moZRvrebaSi filosofiis (neopla-tonizmis saxiT) da qristianul msoflmxedvelobis Serige-ba-Seguebis cdaa.

RvTaebrivi sameba adamianSi sxvadasxva saxiT mJRavnde-ba. eriugenas samebis Sesabamisad aqvs ganxiluli adamian-Si azrovneba, goneba da grZnobadoba. Cveni sulis arseba gamoixateba azrovnebiT, goneba, anu Zala gamoxatavs sulis meore nawils, xolo mesame nawils Seadgens grZnobadoba, romelic gamoixateba moqmedebiT.

eriugena RvTaebriv samebasTan adamianis damokideb-ulebis kidev erT aspeqts ganixilavs. mamaRmerTi adamia-nis sulSia, Ze – gonebaSi, xolo suliwmida – grZnobado-baSi. adamiani, rogorc aRiniSna, RmerTis anarekli, aslia. ra mimarTebaSia asli originalTan? am mimarTebas eriuge-na garkveuli ierarqiuli damokidebulebiT warmoadgens: suli aris RmerTis asli, sxeuli ki sulis asli da a. S. am sakiTxSi igi grigol nosels imowmebs.

sabolood samebis sakiTxi eriugenas moZRvrebaSi Sei-Zleba ase Sefasdes: eriugenasTan sameba aris RmerTis samgvari gamovlena da mas adamianSi Seesabameba: mamaRmer-Ts –arseba, ZeRmerTs – Zala, suliwmidas ki – moqmedeba. eriugenas Tvalsazrisi filosofiis poziciidan, pirvel rigSi, imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom am sakiTxSi masTan moce-mulia RmerTisa da adamianis erTianobis idea. ramdenadac adamiani sinamdvilis (samyaros) nawilia, imdenad es Tval-sazrisi, garkveuli azriT, panTeisturi msoflmxedvelobis maCvenebelia. RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis aRiareba amkvidrebs amqveyniuris (da, maSasadame, adamianis) Rirebu-

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lad gamocxadebis Tvalsazriss, rac renesansis msoflmxed-velobisTvis mniSvnelovani momentia.

eriugenas es Tvalsazrisi saTaves neoplatonizmSi iRebs, areopagitikisa da kidev sxva moZRvrebebis gavliT kuzanelisa da brunos panTeizms amzadebs. es msoflmxed-veloba safuZvlad daedo renesansisa da humanizmis mso-flmxedvelobebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, `renesansul humanizms~. amis Sesaxeb S. xidaSeli aRniSnavs: `...humanizmis ZiriTadi msoflmxedvelobrivi idea miwieri sinamdvilis Rireb-ulebis aRiarebaa, samive – ontologiuri, eTikuri da es-Tetikuri mniSvnelobiT. am zogad msoflmxedvelobriv ideazea dafuZnebuli adamianis axleburi gageba da ada-mianuris axleburi ideali... magram... amqveyniuris Rire-bulebis aRiareba ar niSnavs zeciuri Rirebulebebis uaryofas da miT umetes, mis moxsnas1 (xazgasma Cemia - m. m.). S. xidaSelis aq aRniSnul mosazrebaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia misi daskvniTi nawili – `amqveyn-iuri Rirebulebis aRiareba ar niSnavs zeciuri Rirebule-bebis uaryofas da miT umetes, mis moxsnas~. aq naTlad naCvenebia, rom `miwieri sinamdvilis Rirebulebis~ aRi-arebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom zeciuri, RvTaebrivi danaxulia xilul sinamdvileSi. xiluli sinamdvilisadmi amgvarma damokidebulebam didad gansazRvra aRorZinebis (renesansis) humanizmis ZiriTadi principebis Camoyali-beba. yovelives amis safuZvels S. xidaSeli neoplatinur filosofiaSi xedavs: miwieris gaRvTaebriobis filoso-fiur safuZvels neoplatonizmi warmoadgenda da am mniS-vnelobiT gaxda es moZRvreba `gansakuTrebiT axlobeli da maqsimalurad intimuri ideali, romelSic esoden advili iyo gaZlierebuliyo humanizmis niSnebi da gamoyenebuli yofiliyo miwieri, magram,amave dros, maqsimalurad gaaz-

1 S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tb., 1981, gv. 12.

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rebuli adamianis moqmedebisaTvis~1. aRniSnuls davamateb-diT, rom eriugena am sakiTxebSi agrZelebs da aviTarebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs, romlis daskvnebi aRorZinebis epoqisTvis uniSvnelovanes msoflmxedvelo-briv safuZvels warmoadgenda.

3. `RvTaebrivi arcodnis~ Sesaxeberiugenas filosofiaSi Taviseburadaa gardasaxuli

areopagituli `ganswavluli arcodna~, romelic yvelaze srulyofil – umaRles codnas warmoadgens. am Tvalsaz-risma eriugenasTan sul sxva saxe miiRo da gagebis Tval-sazrisiT mis moZRvrebaSi urTulesi adgilia.

eriugenas filosofiaSi areopagituli `ganswavluli arcodna~ pirvelmizezzea miwerili da `RvTaebrivi arcod-niT~ aris saxeldebuli. eriugenas azriT, safuZvliani ganx-ilva gvaCvenebs, rom RmerTma ar icis, ra aris TviTon is2.

`RvTaebrivi arcodna~, eriugenas azriT, aris umaRlesi WeSmariteba da sibrZne (Sdr. areopagituli `ganswavluli arcodna~, rogorc umaRlesi codna). RmerTma ar icis, agreTve, rom boroti da aragonieri buneba mis mieraa Se-qmnili3. eriugenas filosofiis es adgili Zalze rTulia gasagebad da misi msoflmxedvelobis Sinagani winaaRmdego-bis maCvenebelia.

eriugena ixilavs RvTaebrivi arcodnis sam saxes:1. upirvelesad RmerTma araferi ar icis borotebis

Sesaxeb, vinaidan misi arseba mxolod sikeTes moicavs4. amasTan, RmerTma rom borotebis Sesaxeb icodes, maSin boroteba sagnebis bunebaSi iqneboda, vinaidan RvTaebrivi codna mizezis Sesaxeb yvelganaa, rac aris mizezSi arse-bulis Semcveloba (mizezSi arsebulis Ziebis codna), aris

1 S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. gv. 91.2 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 205.3 iqve, gv. 210.4 iqve, gv. 213.

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RvTaebrivi codna da Tu RmerTs borotebis Sesaxeb eco-dineboda, maSin boroteba sikeTis nawili, ufro sworad, sikeTesTan wilnayari iqneboda. am adgilis gasagebad mivm-arToT eriugenas debulebas – RmerTis moqmedeba da arsi, ese igi sinamdvile, erTi da igivea (es debuleba eriugenas filosofiis originalur Tvalsazrisad iTvleba). RmerTis Sesaqme maradiulia; amasTan, RmerTis arseba mxolod sike-Tes avlens (neoplatonizmidan momdinare azria), amitom Tuki igi borotebas Seqmnida, maSin boroteba sikeTesTan wilnayari iqneboda. es ki SeuZlebelia. bunebrivia, rom RmerTma icis is, rac namdvilad arsebobs. xolo is, rac misi bunebidan ar momdinareobs da arc arsi gaaCnia, mis Sesaxeb araferi icis. aqedan gamomdinare, RmerTma ar icis borotebis Sesaxeb.

RvTaebrivi arcodna ratomaa umaRlesi? amis pasuxic, vfiqrobT, zemoaRniSnulSi unda veZioT. RvTaebrivi ar-codna faqtobrivad ararsebulis uaryofaa da amasTan, umaRlesi principebis codnas gulismobs. RvTaebrivi ar-codna zearsebulis sferos ganekuTvneba. eriugena bolos askvnis: boroteba rom sikeTesTan wilnayari ar aris, amas gveubneba WeSmariti goneba.

2. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTma icis mxolod maTi safuZvlebi, romlebic TviT mis mieraa Seqmnili (danarCe-nebs, romelTa safuZvelic RvTaebaSi ar aris, ar icnobs). es aris meore saxe, romelic ZiriTadad emTxveva pirvel saxes.

3. mesame saxe gulisxmobs iseT safuZvlebs, romlebic empiriuli qmedebisa da moqmedebis meSveobiT araa gamov-lenili.

eriugenas filosofiaSi mocemuli RvTaebrivi arcod-nis sami saxe ZiriTadad erTi saerTo azris gamomxatvelia: RvTaebam ar icis maT Sesaxeb, romlebic misi Seqmnili ar aris.

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Semdeg eriugena Tavisi gansjis sagnad ixdis avgus-tinesa da fsevdo-dionises Tvalzasriss arcodnis Sesaxeb. avgustines azriT, saukeTeso arcodna namdvili codnaa1, xolo fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixedviT, es arcodna WeSmariti codnaa – es aris `ganswavluli arcodna~. amis safuZvelze eriugena akeTebs daskvnas, rom RvTaebrivi ar-codna aris WeSmariti codna2. eriugenas aq aRniSnul mo-sazrebas areopagitul moZRvrebaSi aqvs safuZveli. fsev-do-dionises azriT, rodesac Cven RmerTis misamarTiT garkveul Tvisebebs uarvyofT, amiT mivuTiTebT mis umaR-les srulyofilebaze3.

4. RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmnaeriugenas Tanaxmad, RvTaebrivi sikeTis safuZvelze

ararsidan arsebulebi warmoiSva4. radganac ararsSi eri-ugena zogadi arsebidan gadaxras gulisxmobs, amitom Rmer-Tis zrunviT zogadi arsebisgan daSorebuli isev arsebad iqceva. aq Seqmna arsebulTa mowesrigebis tolfasia. es mJRavndeba eriugenas filosofiis Semdegi adgilidanac: yvelafris Semqmnelma (e. i. RmerTma) arsebulebi droSi ki ar Seqmna, aramed igi logikurad win uswrebs, rogorc safuZveli, vinaidan is, rogorc yvelafris pirvelmizezi, arsebulebis meSveobiT moiazreba. es Tvalsazrisi sain-teresoa im azriT, rom miTiTebulia arsebulebis maradi-ulobaze. pirvelmizezisa da arsebulebis mimarTebis ze-drouloba daSvebulia rogorc neoplatonikosebTan, ise areopagitikaSi. rodesac msjeloba exeba RvTaebriv erTs, aRniSnulia, rom yvela sikeTidan (pirvelmizezisgan) mom-dinareobs da masve ubrundeba. es procesi maradiulia5.

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 214.2 iqve.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.4 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 266.5 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 42.

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eriugenas azriT, radganac RmerTi mizezia, sawyisia, romlisganac arsebulebi gamomdinareobs, amitom RmerTi uerTdeba maT ara rogorc SemTxveviTi da ara rogorc gamouTqmeli safuZveli1. amis wyalobiT yvela Tavis mizez-Si igulisxmeba. es adgili ase unda iqnes gagebuli: yoveli arsebuli maradiulad imyofeba Tavis mizezSi. eriugenas es Tvalsazrisi prokles filosofiasTan amJRavnebs siax-loves. prokle aRniSnavs: `yoveli mizezoani [Sedegi] hgies Soris mizezsa T¢ssa da iwarmoebs misgan.~2

eriugena ixilavs aseT sakiTxs – RmerTi Seqmnamde Tu xedavda Seqmnas. es adgili eriugenas moZRvrebidan ase unda gavigoT: RmerTs hqonda Tu ara Seqmnis winaswari gegma. Tu hqonda, maSin rogoria is, rac aris da rogoric unda Seeqmna RmerTs, ra SesabamisobaSia arsebulTa samyaro da RmerTis winaswari gegma am Seqmnilze?

eriugena aRniSnavs, rom am sakiTxis garkvevisas aucile-blad gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom RmerTis `xedva~ mara-diulia. am xedvaSi TviT xedvis aqti da arsi RmerTisT-vis erTi da igivea. aqedan gamomdinare, Seqmna RmerTSi, eriugenas azriT, winaswarve igulisxmeba3. eriugenas es Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze kreacionistul msoflmxedvelobas-Tan axlosaa, ramdenadac RmerTSi Tavidanve aRiarebulia Seqmnis gegma da misi ganxorcieleba. magram, ramdenadac eriugenasTan Seqmna da arsi igiveobrivia, amiT faqto-brivad arsebulTa maradiulobazea miniSnebuli. arseb-ulTa samyaros maradiulad aRiareba ki ver SeuTavsdeba kreacionistul msoflmxedvelobas. maSasadame, eriugenas Tvalsazrisi RmerTSi xedvis arsebobaze ar unda niSnavdes garkveuli gegmis Sedgenas raimes Sesaqmnelad. eriugena am sakiTxSi neoplatonizms mihyveba. kerZod, es azri gvxvdeba

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 273.2 prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.

ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1940, I t. gv. 27.3 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 327.

308

plotinesTan. plotines azriT, RmerTs Sesaqmnelad aravi-Tari winaswari gegma ar gaaCnia. aseve areopagitikaSic, sa-dac, sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT) iseve, rogorc RmerTi arsebebs Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs `miafens~ yovelgvari wi-naswari arCevanis gareSe. eriugena agrZelebs neoplatonur tradicias, magram masSi Tavisive koreqtivic Seaqvs: Rmer-Tis `xedvisa~ da arsis gaigivebiT xiluli sinamdvilis maradiulobaze miTiTeba. aseTi daskvnis gakeTebis ufle-bas isic gvaZlevs, rom eriugena RmerTis mxolod xedvaze (es `xedva~ yovelTvis winaswar gegmas gulisxmobs) ki ar Cerdeba, aramed mas arss uigivebs.

eriugenas azriT, orgvari Seqmna arsebobs. erTi, rom-lis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari, da meore ki, misi sawinaaRmdego, rac Seqmnis droulobaze miuTiTebs. gamo-dis, rom Seqmna aris RmerTSic da RmerTis gareTac (cudi Seqmna?), – kiTxulobs eriugena1. es, eriugenas azriT, wi-naaRmdegobaa da amiT irRveva RmerTis erTiani buneba, rac SeuZlebelia. amitomac yovelgvari Seqmna isev RmerTSia, vinaidan yvelaferi misganaa, masve ubrundeba da masSi aris kidec erTiani.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom eriugenas msoflmxedv-elobaSi `xedva~, `moqmedeba~ da arsi erTi da igi vea (eri-ugenas azriT, RmerTi xedavs moqmedebaSi da moqmedebs xe-dvaSi), aqedan kidev erTxel cxadi xdeba, rom arsebulebi maradiulia. marTalia, eriugenasTan daSvebulia warmoSoba araradan, magram es arara, a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, isev RvTa-ebaSia2. yovelive amas Tu davumatebT eriugenas Tvalsaz-riss Sesaqmes maradiulobaze, maSin cxadi gaxdeba masTan panTeisturi Tvalsazrisis arseboba.

Sesaqmeze eriugenas Tvalsazrisis gagebis gasaRebs iZleva aseTi mosazrebac, romelic misi sistemidan aucile-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 328.2 А.Штекль.История средневековой философии.М.,1912. gv.330.

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blobiT gamomdinareobs: RmerTi da Seqmna or gansxvavebul raimed ki ar unda moviazroT, aramed erTsa da imaved1.

eriugenas azriT, yovelive es asea, vinaidan Seqmna Rmer-TSi Sedis da RmerTi SeqmnaSia sakvirvelad da gamouTqme-lad, romelSic uxilavi TavisTavad xilulia, xolo miuRw-eveli da bneli – sakuTriv cxadia. sadac uformo da usaxo mSvenierad, zebunebrivi – bunebrivad, zedrouli – drou-lad... iqceva.2 RmerTis amgvari daxasiaTeba areopagitiki-dan momdinareobs.

neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikaSi Seqmna (warmoSoba) aucileblobiT xdeba. es azri gatarebulia eriugenas fi-losofiaSic. RmerTma Tavisi RvTaebrivi gamovlenis sa-babi sakuTari Tavidan miiRo (RmerTi TviTonaa sakuTari Tavis mizezi, e. i. TviTmizezi), vinaidan yvelaferi misga-naa da yvelaferi misTvisaa. asevea is masalac, romlisga-nac samyaroa Seqmnili. aq, Cveni azriT, kargad Cans eri-ugenas saerTo (saboloo) Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze, kerZod ki, materia, masala, romlisganac iqmneba samyaro, RmerT-Sia gadatanili, riTac gauqmebulia droSi arafrisgan Se-qmna. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom, eriugenas Tanaxmad, yvelaferi RmerTSia da RmerTia yvelaferi, maSin cxadi gaxdeba misi moZRvrebis panTeisturi xasiaTi.

5. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaneoplatonizmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi momenti arsebaTa

pivelmizezSi ukudabrunebaa. eriugenasTan aRniSnuls didi yuradReba eTmoba. RvTaebrivi buneba, romelic gavida Ta-visi Tavidan, daSorebulia Tavis sawyiss da isev miiswraf-vis misken, raTa kvlav aRidginos es dakarguli siaxlove3. am gamosvlisas RvTaebam yvelaferSi Seicno Tavisi Tavi,

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 330.2 iqve.3 iqve, gv. 182.

310

umaRlesi bedniereba da Semdgom unda daubrundes Tavis Tavs, sawyiss.

eriugenas azriT, pirvelmizezSi ukudabrunebisas jer xdeba arsebaTa uSualo mizezSi dabruneba, Semdgom am mizezis mizezSi da a. S.1 es Tvalsazrisi prokles filoso-fiidan da areopagitikidan momdinareobs2.

ramdenadac RvTaebrivi Seqmna sakuTriv adamianSia, ami-tom masSi unda veZioT RvTaebaSi dabruneba, romlisganac is warmoiSva3. marTlac, Tuki RvTaebaSi dabrunebas pirda-piri azriT gavigebT, maSin aseTi ram mxolod adamians Seu-Zlia, – ambobs eriugena.

antikuri filosofiisgan, kerZod ki, platonis fi-losofiidan, neoplatonizmSi Semovida sikeTis, rogorc pirvelmizezis idea. neoplatonuri filosofiidan amosu-li eriugena, fsevdo-dionises msgavsad, aRniSnavs, rom sik-eTe aris yvelaferi – sawyisi, mizani, bolo wyaro, centri... igi aris mSvenierica da mSvenierebac4. imis miuxedavad, rom yvelgan sikeTea, aris borotebac. adamianSi arsebobs si-keTe da mas upirispirdeba boroteba. magram es boroteba sagnebis bunebaSi araa (e. i. is substanciuri warmoSobis araa, – m. m.), igi arsebobs rogorc siyalbe (fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan – sikeTis kleba), vinaidan igi aragonieria, bunebisgan gadaxra da arasrulyofili moZraobaa5.

eriugenas azriT, xSirad sikeTisa da borotebis gansx-vaveba Znelia da aseve xSirad boroteba sikeTis formiTaa dafaruli. grZnobebi xSirad cdeba da borotebas sikeTed da mSvenierebad miiCnevs. ase magaliTad, oqro erTi Sexed-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 186.2 ix. prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.

gv. 44 da areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.3 Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 259.4 iqve, gv. 116.5 iqve, gv. 119.

311

viT mSvenieria, magram igi sinamdvileSi mudam borotebis safuZvelia1.

boroteba, eriugenas azriT, arasubstanciuria, vinaidan is sagnebis bunebaSi ararsebiTad imyofeba. is, rac mizezs ver ubrundeba, borotia, araraa2.

boroteba sikeTis sapirispiroa, mis mier araa Seqmnili. igi sabolood uformo, upirvelmizezia. ganxilulia mag-aliTi, romelic, eriugenas azriT, borotebis arasubstan-ciurobas asabuTebs. magaliTad, xarbi adamiani, misi qceva gana aragonivruli survili araa? xom aris es gadaxra? es xom ar igulisxmeba adamianis bunebaSi3. aq kidev erTxel cxadi xdeba, rom eriugenas sistemaSi neoplatonuri (ar-eopagituli) principebi ufro konkretul saxes iRebs. bo-los eriugena aRniSnavs, rom, miuxedavad borotebis ara-substanciurobisa, imis miuxedavad, rom misi moZraoba ar momdinareobs adamianis Sinagani bunebidan, igi mainc si-keTesTan erTad (misi meSveobiT) axerxebs xorciel sxeulSi SeRwevas, rac aaxloebs sikvdils.

dasasrul unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagituli moZ-Rvrebisa da eriugenas filosofiis mimarTebis kvlevi-sas gamoikveTa arsebiTi momentebi: moZRvreba RmerTze, RvTa eb rivi sameba da misi asaxva adamianSi, RvTaebrivi ar-codna, RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmna – kreacia, sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebuleba da arsebaTa ukudabruneba RmerT Si. es sakiTxebi eriugenas moZRvrebisTvis gansa-kuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia, romelTa ganxilvis safuZ-velze naCveneb iqna eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis rogorc siaxlove, ise – daSoreba areopagitikasa da, saerTod, neoplatonur filosofiasTan. neoplatonizmTan Sedar-ebiT eriugenas filosofiaSi axleburad Cans Semdegi: is, rac neoplatonur filosofiasa da areopagitul moZRvre-

1 Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 120.2 iqve, gv. 129.3 iqve, gv. 123.

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baSi logikur-Teoriul formaSia mocemuli, eriugenas msoflmxedvelobaSi yvelaferi amis realur sinamdvileze gavrcelebis cdaa. unda aRiniSnos, rom umravles SemTx-vevaSi eriugenasTan es cda warmatebiTaa gadawyvetili.

$4. areopagitika da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedveloba

Toma akvinelis (1225-1274) msoflmxedvelobis areopa-gitikasTan mimarTebis kvleva aqtualuria im azriT, rom akvineli areopagitikuli ideebis sqolastizacias cdi-lobs da amdenad, sainteresoa gairkves, Tu ra bedi ewia areopagitikas akvinelis SexedulebebSi; es rac Seexeba areopagitikisa da akvinelis filosofiis mimarTebas. Ta-visTavad sainteresoa, erTi mxriv, Toma akvinelis filoso-fiuri msoflmxedvelobis, rogorc Sua saukuneebis sqo-lastikosisa da kaTolikuri msoflmxedvelobis udidesi warmomadgenlis da meore mxriv, Tanamedrove erT-erTi gavleniani religiur-filosofiuri mimdinareobis neoTo-mizmis – ideuri safuZvlis Seswavla.

Toma akvinelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis kvle vis aqtualobaze aRniSnulia sxvadasxva gamokvlevaSi. amis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams ingliseli filosofosi bertran raseli (1872-1970). misi azriT, Toma akvinelis filosofia, dReisaTvis mxolod istoriuli in-teresis Semcveli rodia. Tomas filosofia dRes iseve mo-qmedia, rogorc platonis, aristoteles, kantisa da hege-lis filosofiuri moZRvrebebi, `...yovel SemTxvevaSi ufro meti Zalisaa, vidre ori ukanaskneli moZRvreba~1.

akvinelis filosofiis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams germaneli avtori klaus kremeri, romelsac ekuTvnis fundamenturi gamokvleva Toma akvi nelze – `neo-platonuri arsis filosofia da misi gavlena Toma akvin-

1 Б.Рассел.Историязападнойфилософии.М.,1959,gv.470.

313

elze~. kremeris Tanaxmad, dReisaTvis Tomas Seswavla ori sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs da es orive mimarTuleba Tanamedrove da aqtualuria1.

jer kidev gasuli saukunis meore naxevarSi aRniSnavd-nen Tomizmis aRorZinebis Sesaxeb. ase, magaliTad, erT-erT gamokvlevaSi msjeloba Seexeba Tomistur renesanss. ker-Zod, aRniSnulia, rom moduri lozungis – `ukan kantisak-en~ – gverdiT burJuaziuli filosofiis warmomadgenlebma wamoayenes meore lozungi – `ukan Sua saukuneebisaken~2. aseT situaciaSi Tomizmis aRorZinebisa da gamococxlebi-saTvis xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba3. aqve damowmebulia Tvalsa Cino rusi egzistencialisti filosofosis nikolai berdiaevis Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tomisturi renesansi esaa gonebrivi moZraoba modernizmis winaaRmdeg, romelic emyareboda bergsonis filosofias.

qarTveli mkvlevris nodar naTaZis azriT, `miuxeda-vad am didi istoriuli rolisa, romelic Tomam iTamaSa kaTolicizmis istoriaSi da dResac TamaSobs, rogorc neosqolastikis sayrdeni da sulisCamdgmeli, misi moZ-Rvrebis mniSvneloba mxolod am istoriuli roliT ar gan-isazRvreba, esaa filosofiis istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mkafio nimuSi sruli, amomwuravi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, totaluri msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemis Seqmnis mcdelo-bisa, romlis Semdeg, Tuki es cda warmatebiT dagvirgvinda, avtoris CanafiqriT, uqmdeba adamianis gonebis yovelgvari stimuli imave sakiTxebis kvlav ganxilvisa, axlis dasmisa, eWvisa, ukmayofilebisa da am ukanaskneliT ganpirobebuli tragikuli msoflgancdisaTvis~4.

1 K.Kremer.DieneoplatonischeSeinsphilosophieundihreWirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Leiden,B.J.1966,gv.XIX.

2 БуржуазнаяфилософияXXвека.М.,1974.gv. 316.3 iqve, gv. 516-517.4 n. naTaZe. Toma aqvinelis filosofia. Tb., 1972, gv. 4.

314

Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis siRrmisa da mniS-vnelobis Sesaxeb g. TevzaZe wers: Toma akvinelis `Teolo-giur-filosofiuri Sexedulebani ara marto qristianuli, aramed saerTod, religiuri azrovnebis erT-erTi yvelaze sayuradRebo produqtia~, Tomas `mizani iyo kaTolikuri qristianobis, rogorc erTaderTi WeSmariti religiis dasa buTeba da Tanac ise, rom mas rac SeiZleba farTo mase-bze hqonoda efeqturi zemoqmedeba~1.

rac Seexeba Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis wya-roebs, akvineli aristoteles filosofias uguebs qris-tianul msof lmxedvelobas, emyareba platonsac, agreTve, avgusti nesa da saerTod, kreacionistuli msoflmxedv-elobis sxva warmomadgenelTa Tvalsazriss. sayuradReboa isic, rom akvineli aRniSnul moazrovneTa Tvalsazriss misTvis sasurveli interpretaciiT iRebs. am mxriv Tval-naTlivia misi damokidebuleba platonisa da aristoteles mimarT, romelTac `usamarTlod miawers Sesaqmis rogorc arafrisgan Seqmnis aRiarebas~ (n. naTaZe).

platonsa da aristotelesTan Toma akvinelis mso-flmxedvelobis mimarTebas exeba Sveicarieli mkvlevari fernand bruneri. avtoris SeniSvniT, aristotelesTan Se-qmnaze moZRvreba ara gvaqvs, Tumca potenciurad masSi es mocemuli iyo. masve sadavod miaCnia mkvlevarTa mosazre-bani, TiTqosda akvineli aristoteles Teorias logikurad aviTarebdes.

f. bruneri aRniSnavs, rom berZnebis moZRvreba sub-stanciur formebsa da qristianuli Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze ori gansxvavebuli WeSmaritebaa da ara erTi WeSmaritebis ori mxare. bruneris saboloo daskvna aseTia: sawyisze moZ-Rvreba antikur filosofiaSi iyo platonTan, romelze-dac akvinelma uari Tqva. aristotelesTan amgvari ram ar yofila, xolo rac Seexeba akvinelis msoflmxedvelobas

1 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1984, me-2 nawili, gv. 149.

315

RmerTze, rogorc arafrisgan Semqmnelze, es aris zoga-dad Sesaqmnelze moZRvrebis aristotelizmze damyarebis rezultati1.

Toma akvinelis mravalricxovani Sromebidan filoso-fiis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mis egreT wodebul `sumebs~ (Sejamebebs). `suma~ am epoqis sqo-lastikaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli Janria, romelic Sejame-bas, gamovlinebas, sxvadasxva wyaroebidan amokrefili cod-nis erT sistemad gaerTianebas gulisxmobs. Toma akvinelis `sumaTagan~ pirvels ewodeba `suma warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~, xolo meores `Teologiuri suma~.

`suma warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~ Toma akvinelis filoso-fiuri Txzulebaa, xolo `Teologiuri suma~ warmoadgens akvinelis Teologiuri msoflmxedvelobis gvirgvins. aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom, ramdenadac `warmarTTa winaaR-mdeg~ sumas pirvel sam TavSi filosofiuri sakiTxebi sWarbobs, amdenad, zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, akvinelis filosofiis gasagebad sakmarisia am TxzulebiT Semo-fargvla. magram mxedvelobaSi misaRebia isic, rom bevri problema Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi ganixileboda ro-gorc filosofiur, ise Teologiur-religiur Txzulebeb-Si. amitomac Sua saukuneebis filosofiis kvlevisas mkvle-vari gverds ver auvlis Teologiur Sromebsac, konkretul SemTxvevaSi Toma akvinelis `Teologiur sumas~.

fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da Toma akvinelis mso-flmxedvelobaTa siaxlove da gansxvaveba gansakuTrebiT cxadad Cans Semdeg sakiTxebSi:

– moZRvreba RmerTze, RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba;

– moZRvreba Seqmnaze;– sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba.

1 F.Bruner.ÜberdietomistischeLehrevomUrsprungderWelt. ZeitschriftfurphilosophischeForschung,1962,Bd.XVI,Heft2, gv. 258.

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1. moZRvreba RmerTzeareopagitikasTan Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis

mimarTebis garkvevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom akvi-nelisTvis, rogorc kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisis damcve-lisa da gamtareblisTvis, RmerTi samyaros mimarT tran-scendenturia.

Tuki akvinelis am pozicias amave sakiTxSi fsevdo-di-onisesas SevadarebT, aRmoCndeba, rom areopagitikaSi Rmer-Tis transcendentizmisa da imanentizmis Seguebis cdaa, maSin roca akvinelTan kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisi bo-lomdea gatarebuli.

areopagitikis Tanaxmad, RmerTi aris martivi da us-asrulo, yvelafris safuZveli Tavis TavSi aqvs da a. S.1 msgavsi viTarebaa akvinelTanac.

raseli aRniSnavs, rom Toma akvinelisTvisac RmerTi aris martivi: `RmerTi – TviT sakuTari Tavis arsebaa, vinaidan sxva SemTxvevaSi is martivi ki ar iqneboda, aramed arsebisa da arsisgan iqneboda Sedgenili~2.

aq bunebrivad dgeba aseTi kiTxva: – RmerTze moZRvre-baSi Tu aris gansxvaveba areopagitul moZRvrebasa da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobebs Soris?

mocemul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa rogorc fsevdo-dionises, ise Toma akvinelis ZiriTadi Tvalsaz-risebis ganxilva. rogorc aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises az-riT, sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT) Tavis RvTaebriv Za-lebs sinamdvilis arsebebs aZlevs yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe, ise rogorc mze ganfens Tavis sxivebs3.

areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili upirvelesad imiTaa siantereso, rom aq emanantizmis principia gazi-arebuli. SemTxveviTi araa, rom ZiriTadad swored am debulebis safuZvelze Tvlian areopagitikas emanaciur

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 60.2 Б.Рассел.Историязападнойфилософии.М.,1959,gv.174.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

317

moZRvrebad. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT areopagituli moZ-Rvrebis emanaciuri Tvalsazrisis gavlenas eriugenasa da nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobebze, maSin SeiZleba dabejiTebiT iTqvas – arepagitikis es adgili am moZRvre-bis ZiriTadi tendenciis gamomxatvelia. Tuki am pozici-idan SevxedavT Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobas, cxadad davinaxavT am ori moazrovnis TvalsazrisTa Soris gansx-vavebas. akvinelis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi arsebebs aucile-blobiT ki ar qmnis, piriqiT, akvinelis msofmxedvelobis amosavalia – RmerTis mier samyaros, sagnebis...… droSi, ara-frisgan Seqmna, sakuTari nebiT.

Toma akvinelis azriT, `ramdenadac samyaro SemTx-veviTad ki ar Seqmnila, aramed RmerTis mier aqtiuri in-teleqtis meSveobiT... aucilebelia, rom RvTaebriv gon-ebaSi yofiliyo forma, romlis msgavsad Seiqmna samyaro~1. akvinelis es debuleba areopagistikasTan mimarTebaSi axal – ganmasxvavebel niSanze miuTiTebs. kerZod, esaa – RvTae-briv gonebaSi, Seqmnamde Seqmnis winaswari ideis arseboba, romelic ucxoa klasikuri neoplatonizmisa da areopagi-tikisTvis.

Toma akvinelisTvis RmerTi yvela sagnis pirvelmize-zia, rogorc nimuSi, pirvelsaxe. azris ukeT gasagebad, – aRniSnavs akvineli, – mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT, rom, raRac sagnis warmoSobisTvis aucilebelia misi pirvelsaxe, radganac warmoqmnili unda mihyvebodes gansazRvrul for-mas. aRniSnuli mosazrebis ukeT gasagebad Toma akvineli aseT magaliTs mimarTavs: ostati masalaSi gansazRvrul formas axorcielebs, romelic mis mier winaswar SemuSave-bul saxes Seesabameba. aqedan gamomdinare, akvineli askvnis, rom yvela bunebrivi dabadeba gansazRvrul formas mi-hyveba. ufro swori iqneba, Tu Toma akvinelis Tvalsaz-riss ase CamovayalibebT: samyaroSi mimdinare yoveli war-moqmna, romelic RmerTis nebiT mimdinareobs, aucileblad

1 Антологиямировойфилософиив4-хтомах.М.,1969,т.I,ч.2,gv. 736.

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gulisxmobs winaswar formas, romelic misi pirvelsaxea da romlis mixedviTac iqmneba esa Tu is sagani.

aq bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: – sagnebis es pirvelsax-eebi sad imyofeba da ris safuZvelze iqmneba? ra Tqma unda, Toma akvineli amgvari kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobas winas-warve grZnobs da amisTvis Sesabamisi pasuxic moepoveba. es pasuxi ki am sakiTxSi misi msoflmxedvelobis naTeli gamJRavnebaa. kerZod, Toma akvinelisTvis raxan RmerTi transcendenturia da, rac xdeba samyaroSi, yvelaferi amis ganmgebelia, amitomac amgvari winaswari formebisa Tu nimuSebis (romlebic sagnebis warmoSobas win uswrebs) mize-zic RmerTia. amis Sesaxeb akvinels garkveulad aqvs naTqva-mi: am formebis gansazRvruloba RvTaebriv did sibrZneSi, rogorc Tavis pirvelsawyisSi, unda iyos, romelic samya-ros wesrigis momfiqrebelia. amitomac unda iTqvas, rom RvTaebriv sibrZneSi winaswar mocemulia (imyofeba) yvela sagnis winaswari `moxazuloba~, romelTac Cven vuwodebT ideebs an sanimuSo formebs RmerTis gonebaSi.

sagnebis es ideebi, anu formebi RvTaebis gonebaSia. mar-Talia, sagnebisadmi miyenebisas isini nawevrdeba (ixliCeba), magram realurad isini RvTaebis arsebisgan gansxvavebuli ar aris. amrigad, RmerTi TviTonaa yvelafris pirvelsaxe1.

Toma akvinelisa da areopagituli msoflmxedvelo-bis mimarTebis kvlevisas axla aRniSnuli Zalze mniS-vnelovania. aq naTlad Cans am ori moazrovnis Tvalsaz-riss Soris gansxvaveba. es gansxvaveba ki arsebiTia maTi msoflmxedvelobebis xasiaTis dasadgenad. ramdenadac Toma akvinelisTvis RmerTi arafrisgan qmnis, amdenad, mis msofl mxedvelobaSi garkveuli ufskrulia Semqmnelsa da Seqmnil arsebebs Soris. swored am siZnelis mosagvare-blad akvinelis moZRvrebaSi daSvebulia winaswari formebi, romlebic RvTaebaSia da romlebic Seqmnisas garkveulad nimuSebis funqcias asrulebs.

1 Антологиямировойфилософиив4-хтомах.т.I,ч.2, gv. 839.

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Tuki am poziciidan SevxedavT areopagitul moZRvre-bas, naTeli gaxdeba, rom am sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionisesa da Toma akvinelis Tvalsazrisi gansxvavebulia. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis garkvevisas fsevdo-dionise areopage-li neoplatonur filosofias mihyveba da ierarqiul sis-temas agebs. rac mTavaria, areopagitikaSi es pirvelsaxeebi ar aris mocemuli da masSi RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTeba emanaciuri principis safuZvelzea warmodgenili.

transcendentizmis poziciaze mdgomi Toma akvineli ki gaerTianebas, samyaros erT mTelad ver warmoadgenda, Tu ar dauSvebda garkveul Sualedur mizezebs, romlebic xelovnuris STabeWdilebas tovebs. kerZod, es Sualeduri mizezi (ideebi, formebi) RmerTis gonebaSic aris da Seqm-nil arsebebSic. aq akvinelis filosofiis mTavari siZnele is ki ar aris, rom mis mier daSvebuli Sualeduri mizezebi RmerTSic aris da arsebebSic, aramed am Sualeduri miz-ezebis amgvari yofnis aucilebloba ver aris dasabuTebu-li. maSin, roca rogorc antikur, ise qristianul neopla-tonizmSi – areopagitikaSi – emanaciis principis Semotanis safuZvelze RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis idea dama-jerebladaa gatarebuli.

Toma akvinelis msofmxedvelobaSi mocemuli Sualeduri mizezebis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli polonel mkvlevars i. borgoSs. avtori aRniSnavs, rom adre, avgustinesTan, RmerTis gangeba uSualod, yovelgvari Sua-mavali mizezebis gareSe marTavs sagnebs. magram akvinels ar SeeZlo am Tvalsazrisis miReba, vinaidan misi miRvaweo-bis dros amqveyniurs, miwiers ukve Rirebuleba eniWeboda. am epoqisTvis msjeloba Seexeboda imas, rom, erTi mxriv, Semoqmedisgan samyaros usityvo damokidebuleba daesab-uTebinaT, xolo, meore mxriv eCvenebinaT zneobrivi miznebi – realuri, miwieri miznebis meSveobiT rom xorcieldeba. swored amis gamo, – borgoSis azriT, – akvinels Semoaqvs bunebrivi mizezebi, romelTa meSveobiTac RmerTi marTavs

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sagnebs. raxan RmerTi yovelTvis ar ereva miwier cxovre-baSi, Cven garkveuli aqtiurobis saSualeba gveZleva. amiT ki akvineli cdilobda adreqristianuli msoflmxedvelo-bis mier miwieris Rirebulebis uaryofis gadalaxvas1.

marTalia, areopagituli moZRvreba da akvinelis filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis sakiTxSi gansxvavebulia, magram maT Soris erT-gvari msgavseba mainc aris, kerZod, msgavsebas orive moaz-rovne sinamdvile erTian mTelad warmoadgens. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagitikis filosofiur moZRvrebaSi, neoplatonuri filosofiis msgavsad, RmerTi da samyaro erTianobaSia da am erTianobaSi mkacri wesrigia. am wesrigs ki gansazRvravs arsebaTa ganlageba maTi srulyofilebis xarisxis mixedviT. yvela arsebas aqvs Tavisi winamavali mizezi. msgavs viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme Toma akvinelTan-ac. akvinelis mixedviT, zogierTi sagani sxva sagnis mimarT garkveuli nimuSic SeiZleba iyos da TviT sagnebSi arsebu-li wesrigic, romelic RmerTis mieraa damyarebuli da sam-yaros erTianobas amJRavnebs. es samyaro erTianad iwodeba imis gamo, rom yvela sagani, romelic RmerTis mieraa Se-qmnili, meoresTan SesabamisobaSia2. marTalia, aq akvineli ar msjelobs sagnebis ganlagebaze srulyofilebis mixed-viT, magram es Tvalsazrisi garkveulad emsgavseba areopa-gituls.

areopagitikaSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi – katafatika da apofitika, rogorc codnis meTodebi, erT-maneTs ar upirispirdeba, mistikuri Wvretis daSvebis Sem-deg fsevdo-dionise am meTodebs erTmaneTs upirispirebs, radganac, misi azriT, RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTebisas umaRlesi arsebiT viwyebT da dabla veSvebiT, vidre uka-nasknel arsebamde. uayofiTi daxasiaTebisas ki, piriqiT, udablesidan umaRlesi arsebisken mivdivarT da amiT va-

1 Ю.Боргош.ФомаАквинский.М.,1966,gv. 77.2 Антологиямировойфилософии.Т.I,ч.2. gv. 838.

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xerxebT zeSTaarsebis xilvas: `sa£mar ukue ars, viTar vhgon-eb, moklebaTa winaaRmdgomTa matebaTagan galobad, rameTu matebani pirvelTagan dawyebiTa da saSuvalTa ganvliTa ukuana¡sknelTa mimarT STamomavalad dag¢sxman, xolo mok-lebaTa ukana¡sknelTagan udasabamieresTa mimarT aRyvane-biTa vhyofT da yovelTave movaklebT, raჲTa daufarvelad vcnad ucnaurebaჲ igi yovelTagan cnobilTa yovelTave arsTa Soris dafaruli da zeSTa – arsebisa igi vixiloT nisli yovlisaganve arsTa Sorisisa naTlisa damaluli~1. aq naTeli unda iyos, rom areopagitul mistikasTan gvaqvs saqme, sadac racionaluri codnis unari uZluria RmerTis Sesamecneblad. aqedan gasagebia, rom uaryofiT meTodze upiratesobis miniWeba sulac ar niSnavs codnis sferoSi am meTodebis dapirispirebulobas.

areopagitikaSi erTmaneTisgan mkveTradaa gamijnuli codnisa da mistikis sfero. Toma akvinelTan ufro sxva-nairi viTarebaa. marTalia, igi `daesesxa~ fsevdo-dionise areopagels RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeb-is sakiTxSi, magram mis moZRvrebaSi yvelaferi mimarTu-lia RmerTis trascendenturobis dasamtkiceblad. Toma akvinelTan `RmerTi aris transcendenturi samyaros mimarT massa da dabadebuls, Seqmnils Soris gadaulaxavi ufskrulia~2. swored es principia akvinelisTvis saxelm-ZRvanelo da igi amis gamarTlebas cdilobs. aqedan gamom-dinare, Zneli ar unda iyos imis danaxva, rom rogorc ar unda iyos akvinelis moZRvrebaSi mocemuli RmerTis daxa-siaTeba (absoluturi simartive, srulyofileba, yvelafris safuZveli da mizezi...), yvelaferi es isev da isev RmerTis transcendenturobis dasabuTebas emsaxureba.

kidev erT momentze gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba. sa-ganTa formalur mizezad RmerTis gamocxadebiT panTeizmis safrTxe iqmneba. n. naTaZis azriT, am siZneles Tomam Tavi

1 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 226.2 n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv.91.

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aarida, erTi mxriv, `arsis analogiis~ cnebis gamoyenebiT, meore mxriv, im gziT, rom zemoxsenebul paneTistur Tez-iss bralad dasdo RvTis `absoluturi yofierebis~ da Se-qmnil saganTa `saerTo yofierebis~ aRreva1. aqac naTelia, rom Toma akvinelis yoveli cda iqiTaa mimarTuli, rom RmerTi da samyaro mowyvitos erTmaneTs.

zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT: marTa-lia, Toma akvineli fsevdo-dionise areopagelisgan Rmer-Tis (pirvelmizezis) dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis meTodebs iRebs, magram am meTodebs mxolod erTi mima-rTulebiT iyenebs: daasabuTos RmerTis transcendenturo-ba. Tuki fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan aris imis cda, rom RmerTis transcendenturobas rogorme Seuguos sagnebis mimarT misi imanenturoba, Toma akvinelTan es siZnele ar dgas da kreacionistuli msoflmxedveloba misi moZRvre-bisaTvis amosavalia.

2. moZRvreba SeqmnazeRmerTze moZRvrebis ganxilvisas Toma akvinelis mso-

flmxedvelobis daSoreba areopagituli moZRvrebisgan ZiriTadad dadasturda. aRvniSneT isic, rom akvineli are-opagitikas kreacionistuli msoflmxedvelobis pozici-idan iyenebs. es kargad Cans mis moZRvrebaSi samyaros Se-qmnis Sesaxeb.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagitikis filosofiuri Tvalsazrisi mJRavndeba Tavis uaRresad neoplatonur xa-siaTSi, masSi gamoyenebul mkacr filosofiur-logikur aparatsa da Semdgom gavlenaSi eriugenas, ekhartis, kuzane-lis msofmxedvelobebze. es moazrovneebi areopagitikidan ZiriTadad iReben emanaciur Tvalsazriss, romelic miu-Rebeli iyo orTodoqsuli qristianuli msoflmxedvelob-isTvis. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom luTeri am moZ-

1 n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv.91.

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Rvrebas araqristianulad miiCnevda1. riteri areopagitikis Sesaxeb aRniSnavda, rom es moZRvreba emanaciuria, oRondac qristianuli terminologiiT sargeblobso2. msgavsi Sexedu-lebebia gamoTqmuli a. briliantovis, miuleris, kremerisa da sxvaTa gamokvlevebSi, areopagituli filosofiuri mso-flmxedveloba uSualod plotinesa da prokles Tvalsaz-risebTan mimarTebaSia warmodgenili da ganxiluli.

areopagitikis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis emana-ciurobas adasturebs masSi mocemuli Tvalsazrisi RvTae-brivi sxivis ganfenasa da ierarqiebis Sesaxeb. ramdenadac konkretul situaciaSi msjeloba Seexeba samyaros Seqmnis, anu zogadad Seqmnis sakiTxs, amdenad, gavixsenoT, fsev-do-dionises Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, umaRlesi sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs afens iseve, ro-gorc mze Tavis sxivebs – yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe Sinagani aucileblobiT, sakuTari bunebis Tanax-mad. amasTan, areopagitikaSi umaRlesi sikeTis mier Tavisi RvTaeb rivi Zalebis ganfena niSnavs samyaroSi, arsebebSi srulyofilebis, wesrigis Setanas. amas isic adasturebs, rom pirvelmizezidan gamosuli arsebebi masve ukuubrunde-ba da es dabruneba-gaerTianeba RvTaebasTan yvelas ZaluZs – usulo sagnebis CaTvliT3.

diametrulad sawinaaRmdego viTarebaa Toma akvinel-Tan. akvinelisTvis Seqmna xdeba arafrisgan. masTan speku-laciisa da Sesaqmis motivebze n. naTaZis gamokvlevaSi aRniSnulia: `Tomas spekulaciis pirveli motivia Sesaqmis (samyaros Seqmnis) rogorc mxolod ukve arsebuli Seuqm-neli materiis mowesrigebis uaryofa...“4. es mosazreba

1 А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ-веденияхИоаннаСкотаЭригены.С-Петербург,1898,gv.144.

2 H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie. Hamburg, 1841, Th. 2, gv. 24.

3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30, 33, 92.4 n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 32.

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Zalze mniSvnelovania Toma akvinelis Seqmnaze moZRvrebis dedaarsis gasagebad. maSin, roca neoplatonur filosofi-aSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna, garkveuli azriT, ukve arsebuli materialuri sinamdvilis wesrigSi moyvanas niS-navs, Tomas amosavali am principis darRvevaa.

aq isic unda aRiniSnos, rom antikur filosofiaSi amosavali debuleba iyo `arafrisgan araferi ar warmoiSo-ba~. bunebrivia, vinc arafrisgan Seqmnas dauSvebs, misTvis aRniSnuli antikuri Tvalsazrisi miuRebelia. amitomac, – marTebulad SeniSnavs n. naTaZe, – akvineli Tavisi miznis misaRwevad ara marto platons, aramed aristotelesac ki usamarTlod miawers Sesaqmis, rogorc arafrisagan Seqmnis aRiarebas1.

Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis areopagitul moZ-kvinelis msoflmxedvelobis areopagitul moZ-vinelis msoflmxedvelobis areopagitul moZ-RvrebasTan mimarTebis garkvevisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniS-vneloba aqvs akvinelis Tvalsazriss RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis motivze. n. naTaZis SeniSvniT, akvinelis mixedviT, samyaro `RmerTma Seqmna Tavisufali nebis aqtiT da ara bunebrivi aucileblobiT, an imgvari aucileblobiT, ro-goriTac, neoplatonizmSi xmarebuli metafora rom vixmar-oT (Tomam es metafora dionisesagan isesxa), mze ar SeiZleba ar anaTebdes.“2 aq naTlad Cans akvinelis msoflmxedvelo-kvinelis msoflmxedvelo-vinelis msoflmxedvelo-bis arsi: RmerTi samyaros mimarT transcendenturia; RmerTi Tavisi arsebiT aris umaRlesi srulyofileba da, rac mTavaria, RmerTi, akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis mixed-viT, subieqtia, romelic yvelafers Tavisi nebiT akeTebs.

rogorc n. naTaZe aRniSnavs, Toma akvinelma mzis meta-kvinelma mzis meta-vinelma mzis meta-fora dionisesagan aiRo, magram akvinelis daskvnebi prin-cipulad sawinaaRmdegoa areopagitulTan mimarTebiT. saerTod ki, akvineli garegnulad TiTqosda axlosaa are-opagitul moZRvrebasTan, magram Sinaganad mas aSkarad ewi-naaRmdegeba. roca Seqmnis motivs exeba saqme, akvinelTan

1 n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 32.2 iqve, gv. 93.

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ZiriTadi principia – RmerTis nebelobiTi aqti1. rac Seex-eba samyaros Seqmnis mizans – aq, akvinelis azriT, RmerTis sikeTis gacxadeba xdeba. SevadaroT akvinelis es Tvalsaz-kvinelis es Tvalsaz-vinelis es Tvalsaz-risi areopagitul msoflmxedvelobas.

fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, umaRlesi sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis Tavidan gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce-RmerTi) Tavis Tavidan gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce-) Tavis Tavidan gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce-Tavis Tavidan gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce- gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce-gadis aucileblobiT, masSi moce- aucileblobiT, masSi moce-aucileblobiT, masSi moce-, masSi moce-masSi moce- moce-moce-muli trfialebis siWarbis gamo. trfialeba maradiulad aris RvTaebaSi da igi `aiZulebs~ mas, rom `Seqmnas~2.

areopagituli moZRvrebis es debuleba Zalzed mniS-vnelovania. rodesac areopagitikis filosofiuri mso-flmxedvelobis neoplatonurobaze mivuTiTebT, sxva debulebebTan erTad, aq aRniSnulic aucileblad unda ga viT va lis winoT. es debuleba areopagituli filoso-fiis emanaciuri xasiaTis upirvelesi damadasturebelia. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, neoplatonizmis umniSvnelovanes warmomadgenlebTn – plotinesa da proklesTan, warmoSo-bis, e. i. qmnadobis saTave, rogorc srulyofileba, ise po-tenciis siWarbe sakuTriv pirvelmizezisTvis maradiulad damaxasiaTebelia da amitomac arsebaTa warmoSoba, raSic upirvelesad maradiuli sagnebis gansuliereba-mowesrigeba igulisxmeba, mudmivi procesia. plotine `eneadebSi~ aRniS-navs, rom, raxan RmerTis maradiulobis gamo es warmoSobac maradiulia, amitom maradiulad arsebobs xiluli sinamd-vilec da masSi, rogorc RmerTis ZalebiT mowesrigebulSi, maradiulad aris sikeTe da mSveniereba.

aRniSnuli imis daskvnis safuZvels iZleva, rom RmerT-ze, rogorc samyaros Semqmnelze, Toma akvinelisa da are-opagituli Tvalsazrisi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia. pirvelmizezze moZRvrebaSi areopagitika arsebiTad emana-ciur Tvalsazriss atarebs, akvinelis msoflmxedveloba ki kreacionistuls. swored amis gamo am ukanasknelis mso-

1 dawv. ix.ThomasvonAquin.SummaKontra jentile.Darmstadt,1974, gv. 283-323.


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flmxedveloba aRniSnul sakiTxSi areopagitikis memkvi-dred ver CaiTvleba.

3. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebarogorc ukve aRiniSna, neoplatonuri filosofia si-

keTis monizmsa da borotebis arasubstanciurobas aRiarebs. es Tvalsazrisi pirvelad plotines filosofiaSia moce-muli. magram plotinesTan, platonis msgavsad, sabolood boroteba maincaa daSvebuli – sikeTis gamomJRavnebis mizniT (hegeli, e. celeri). …SemdgomSi neoplatonuri fi-losofiis ukanaskneli drois yvelaze mniSvnelovanma war-momadgenelma – proklem – borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisi mogvca. proklesTan borotebas ukve aRar eni-Weba sikeTis gamomJRavnebis funqcia; boroteba, prokles azriT, saerTod aRar arsebobs.

axla aRniSnuli prokles Tvalsazrisi gansakuTrebu-lad areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis gaxda misaRebi. fsev-do-dionisesTan ufro mtkicedaa xazgasmuli borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tezisi. magram es Tvalsazrisi ukve aris proklesTan da misi aRiareba fsevdo-dionises dam-saxurebad ver CaiTvleba. aq fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba sul sxva mimarTebiT unda davinaxoT, kerZod: Tu gaviT-valiswinebT areopagituli moZRvrebis xasiaTs, kerZod imas, rom, igi neoplatonizmTan qriastianobis Seguebas cdilobs, maSin gasagebi unda iyos misi Rvawlic: qris-tianul sinamdvileSi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis neoplatonuri gagebis damkvidreba. gavixsenoT rusTave-li, romlis poemis erT-erTi ZiriTadi idea xom sikeTis ab-soluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciurobaa. Tu saidan modis es Tvalsazrisi, amis Sesaxeb `vefxistyaosanSi~ pir-dapiri miTiTebaa `brZen divnosze~.

fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, sikeTe absoluturi prin-cipia, xolo boroteba `uarsoa~, mas ar gaaCnia Tavisi pirvelsawyisi, rasac Cven borotebad miviCnevT. es sxva

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araferia, Tu ara sikeTis kleba. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze msjelobebi aRniSnu-lis dasabuTebas emsaxureba.

Toma akvinelic sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sa-kiTxSi xSirad areopagitikas mimarTavs. h. veertci aRniS-navs, rom akvineli ise xSirad mimarTavs citirebas `saRm-rToTa saxelTaT¢s~ meoTxe Tavidan, rom kordeliuss dauTvlia kidec – 142 citata1. rogor damokidebulebaSia Toma akvineli areopagitul moZRvrebasTan sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb?

Toma akvinelTan sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis ganxilvas daviwyebT i. borgoSis gamokvlevis erTi ad-gilis damowmebiT, sadac aRniSnulia: cnobilia, rom jer epikureizmma, Semdgom ki maniqevelobam qristianuli filosofiis winaSe Seqmna aseTi dilema: Tuki RmerTi yve-lafris Semqmneli da keTilia, maSin saidanaa boroteba? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad Camoyalibda qristianuli filosofiis gansakuTrebuli dargi – Teodicea, romelic icavda dogmats RmerTis srulyofilebis Sesaxeb2. Toma akvineli, rogoc qristianuli religiur-filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis warmomadgeneli, Taviseburad cdilobs am urTules kiTxvas upasuxos. amis Sesaxeb TomasTan ar-sebobs oTxi Tezisi, romelic gadmocemulia i. borgoSis gamokvlevaSi.

I Tezisi – Tomas azriT, boroteba araa pozitiuri movlena, rogorc sikeTe. igi Cveulebrivi ararsia, sikeTis darRvevaa, moSlaa, dazaralebaa. am gansazRvras, borgo-Sis azriT, akvineli avgustinesgan iRebs, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, es principi plotinesgan hqonda SeTvisebuli. plo-tines mixedviT ki, boroteba aris sikeTis ararseboba3.

1 H.Weertz. Die Gotteslehre des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und ihreEinwirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Köln,1908,gv.26.

2 Ю.Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv. 128.3 iqve, gv. 129.

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Toma akvinelTan borotebis cneba gamoyvanilia sikeTis cnebisgan. am dros igi emyareba Teoriul-SemecnebiT wanam-ZRvars, romlis Tanaxmad, erTi dapirispirebuloba meo-reTi Seimecneba, rogorc, magaliTad, sibnele – sinaTliT. es exeba sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebasac.

Toma akvinelis azriT, boroteba arsi ki araa, aramed sikeTis moSla. swored ase unda gavigoT dionises sityvebi: `boroteba aris sikeTe~1.

II Tezisi – `sikeTe borotebis subieqtia~. es Tval-sazrisi i. borgoSis Tanaxmad, avgustinesTanac gvxdeba. avgustine xom aRniSnavs `araferi ar arsebobda sxva iseTi, romlisganac SeiZleboda warmoSobiliyo boroteba, garda sikeTisa~. avtoris SeniSvniT, Tomas es Tvalsazrisi imaT winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli, romelTa mixedviTac sikeTe araa borotebis mizezi (mag: dionise).

i. borgoSis es mosazreba garkveul dazustebas moiT-xovs. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi borotebis gaCenis mizezad miCneulia sikeTis sxivis Sesusteba, sikeTis kleba. ase rom, fsevdo-dionisesTanac sikeTe garkveuli azriT, boroteb-is wyaroa. sxva saqmea is, rom sabolood borotebas pirv-elmizezi ar gaaCnia.

aseTive azria gatarebuli Toma akvinelTanac. borote-ba, misi azriT, sikeTis naklebobaa da bunebrivi xasiaTidan gadaxvevas warmoadgens.

aq gadauWreli siZnele Cndeba. i. borgoSi marTebulad SeniSnavs: borotebis mizezi sikeTea, sikeTe – RmerTia, maSasadame, RmerTi yofila borotebis mizezi. am siZnelis gadasaWrelad akvineli avgustines mimarTavs, romlis Tan-axmad, `RmerTi ar SeiZleba borotebis mizezi iyos, vinaidan igi araa ararsisken miswrafeba~. Tavis mxriv, akvineli am-atebs: borgoSis SeniSvniT, `radganac RmerTi absoluturi srulyofilebaa, amitomac igi ar SeiZleba iyos borotebis

1 Ю.Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv. 129.

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mizezi~1. magram es araa siZnelidan gamosavali. aq Toma akvinelis msjelobaSi siZnele siZneled rCeba da mkacri filosofiuri dasabuTebis nacvlad igi ubralod Rmer-Tis srulyofilebasa da amis safuZvelze RmerTis mxridan borotebis arSeqmnaze miuTiTebs.

Toma akvinelis Tvalsazrisi naTlad Cans borotebis Sesaxeb III da IV TezisebSi, romlebic erTnairi xasiaTisaa. Tomas azriT, samyaroSi harmoniis arsebobisTvis aucile-belia gansxvavebuloba. amitomac samyaroSi aris rogorc srulyofili, ise – arasrulyofili sagnebi (III Tezisi). asevea adamianebis mimarTac: harmoniisTvis saWiroa ro-gorc keTili, ise codvili adamianebi (IV Tezisi). amis miuxedavad, Toma aRniSnavs: `RmerTi sagnebSi borotebas warmoSobs ara winaswari ganzraxviT, aramed SemTxveviT~2. amasTan, RmerTs boroteba daSvebuli aqvs `rogorc sas-jeli da ara danaSauli~. ar unda iyos Zneli imis gageba, rom, areopagitul moZRvrebasTan msgavsebis miuxedavad, sabolood sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze akvinelis moZRvreba areopagitikisgan gansxvavebulia. es gansxvaveba ki upirvelesad RmerTis mier borotebis daSvebaSi gamoixa-teba, Tugind es SemTxveviTi iyos. Tu gavixsenebT fsevdo-dionises azrs, romlis Tanaxmad, boroteba sikeTis sxivis Sesustebaa da RmerTi araviTar borotebas, arc aucile-bels da arc SemTxveviTs ar uSvebs, SeiZleba davaskvnaT: fsevdo-dionise areopageli, rogorc emanaciuri Tval-sazrisis mimdevari, sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis `uar-sobis~ princips bolomde atarebs. Toma akvineli ki, ram-denadac transcendentur RmerTs uSvebs, sabolood mainc aRiarebs – RmerTis mier borotebis warmoSobas.

rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan irkveva, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedveloba erT-maneTisgan ZiriTadad gansxvavdeba RmerTisa da samyaros

1 Ю.Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv.132.2 iqve.

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damokidebulebis, RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis, sakuTriv RmerTze moZRvrebisa da sikeTisa da borotebis urTier-Tobis sakiTxebSi. rasac akvineli areopagitikidan iRebs, mis mxolod Teologiur interpretacias akeTebs. amdenad, areopagitikasTan akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTeba upirvelesad sainteresoa ara misi ganviTarebis Tvalsaz-risiT, aramed mxolod Teologiuri interpretaciiT.

$5. areopagitika da maister ekhartis

msoflmxedveloba

Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis istoriaSi umniSvnelova-nesi adgili ukavia germanuli mistikis mamamTavars – mais-ter ekharts (1260-1327). g. TevzaZis aRniSvniT, igi iyo `pirveli germaneli originaluri filosofosi, romelmac mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra germanuli Teologiuri da fi-losofiuri azrovnebis, iseve rogorc mTeli kulturis, Semdgomi ganviTareba...~.1

is faqti, rom maister ekharti germanuli filosofiis, Teologiisa da, saerTod, germanuli kulturis saTavee-bTanaa, ukve miuTiTebs misi msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlis aqtualobaze. m. sabaSnikovis SeniSvniT, ekharti iwyebs re-ligiuri cxovrebis axal eras2 da bunebrivia, am kuTxiT misi msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlisadmi interesi. ekhartis msoflmxedveloba uxvad sazrdoobda winamavali filoso-fiuri da Teologiuri sistemebiT da amdenad, misi mso-flmxedveloba yuradRebas imsaxurebs im mxrivac, Tu ra bedi ewia winamaval msoflmxedvelobriv sistemebs mis moZ-RvrebaSi.

germaneli mkvlevari v. pregeri spekulatur mistikas asxvavebs Cveulebrivi qristianul-sqolastikuri mistikis-

1 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1984, II nawili, gv. 228.

2 МайстерЭкхарт.Духовнаяпроповедьирассуждения.М.,1912, gv. X.

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gan1 da maister ekharts, spekulaturi mistikis warmomad-genlad miiCnevs2. gavixsenoT, plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mistikis Teoriul-inteleqtualur xasiaTi3. am mxriv maister ekhartis misticizmic didad mniSvnelova-nia da CarTul unda iqnes aRniSnul saerTo msoflmxedve-lobriv wreSi, romelsac dasabami plotinem misca, xolo fsevdo-dionisem ganaviTara.

fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da maister ekhartis mso-flmxedvelobebis mimarTebis kvlevisas umniSvnelovanesad migvaCnia am ori moazrovnis Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezze, samyarosa da RmerTis mimarTebaze, RvTaebriv araraze, su-lis Sesaxeb moZRvrebaze, RmerTisken miswrafebasa da ada-mianis daniSnulebaze.

maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobas S. nucubiZe araerTgzis Seexo gamokvlevaSi – `rusTaveli da aRmosavlu-ri renesansi~4. nucubiZem maister ekharti im moazrovneTa siaSi Seitana, romlebic antikurobis aTvisebisas upirveles yuradRebas aqcevdnen RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideas. am msoflmxedvelobam, nucubiZis azriT, renesansis Teoriuli safuZvlebi moamzada da gza gauxsna amqveyniu-ris Rirebulad gamocxadebis Tvalsazriss.

qarTul filosofiur mecnierebaSi maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlis gzaze mniSvnelovnad unda CaiTvalos g. TevzaZis specialuri statia – `maister ekhar-tis filosofiuri Sexedulebebi~5, sadac gadmocemulia ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: `RvTa-ebrioba da RmerTi ekhartis moZRvrebaSi~, `Semecnebis

1 N.Preger.GeschichtederdeuscheMystikimMittelalter.Leipzig,1874,T.h.gv.145.

2 iqve, gv. 146.3 dawvrilebiT ix. winamdebare gamokvlevis III Tavi, $2 .4 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.

Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 68, 81, 129.5 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,

gv. 228-264.

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ekhartiseuli gageba~, `ekhartis eTikuri Sexedulebani~; statiaSi gansazRvrulia azrovnebis istoriaSi ekhartis adgili.

1. ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebimaister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis Taviseburebisa

da winamaval moZRvrebebTan misi mimarTebis garkvevisTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba im wyaroebis dadgenas, romlebiT-ac ekharti Tavisi sistemis agebisas sargeblobda. ekhartis qadagebanisa da traqtatebis ubralo Tvalis gadavlebac ki cxads xdis, rom misTvis upirvelesi avtoritetebia: bibli-uri Tqmulebebi, pavle mociqulis Sexedulebani, avgust-inesa da fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebani. unda aRiniSnos, rom ekharti Tavisi moZRvrebis rTuli adgilebisa da iq das-muli kiTxvebis pasuxisTvis xSirad mimarTavs avgustinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagels. fsevdo-dionises, umrav-les SemTxvevaSi, moixseniebs `Rirseulis~ saxeliT.

maister ekharti sadavo adgilebis gasarkvevad xSir-ad dausaxeleblad imowmebs `warmarTi brZenis~ mosazre-bas. umravles SemTxvevaSi am `warmarT brZenTa~ mosazre-baSi romelime neoplatonikosi moazrovnis Tvalsazrisi ikiTxeba. aqedan cxadia, rom ekhartisTvis neoplatonur filosofias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

v. pregeri maister ekhartis mistikas antikuri misti-kuri moZRvrebis ganviTarebad miiCnevs. avtoris azriT, ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi ganviTarebulia fsevdo-di-onise areopagelis misticizmi da am gzaze igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba ioane skot eriugenasgan, romelmac fsevdo-dionises mistika mxolod sqolastikisa da Teologiis mimarTulebiT ganaviTara. eriugenasgan gansxvavebiT, – aRniSnavs v. pregeri, – maister ekhartma areopagitul moZ-RvrebaSi mxolod religiursa da Teoligiur momentebs ki

333

ar miaqcia yuradReba, aramed WeSmariti Semecnebis axal sakiTxebsac1.

a. Stoklis azriT, maister ekharti areopagitikis eriugenaseul komentarebs emyareba da amis gamo ideebis neoplatonur wreSi ikargeba. amitomacaa, rom ekhartTan mudam gvxvdeba emanaciur-panTeisturi principebi. `...mis sistemaSi did rols asrulebs neoplatonuri elementebi da gansazRvravs mis warmodgenas RmerTisa da samyaros damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. samyaroSi RmerTis transcenden-turobisa da imanenturobis Segueba iyo rogorc misi, ise neoplatonikosebis mxridan amao cda~2.

k. hase miuTiTebs areopagituli mistikis did mniSvne-lobaze ekhartis msoflmxedvelobisTvis. is Tvlis, rom ekhartis Teologia areopagitulis aslia3. sainteresoa k. hases Semdegi mosazrebac: radganac ekhartTan sagnebSi umaRlesia suli, romelic RmerTad unda iqces, amitomac yvela Seqmnili sagani sabolood RmerTs unda daubrundes. amgvarad, mudmivi procesebis mizania gadmoRvril RvTae-baSi ukudabruneba. `es aris neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi Tvalsazrisi, romelic eriugenas SromebiTac SeeZlo gaecno maister ekharts~4.

S. nucubiZe maister ekharts im moazrovneTa (fsevdo-dionise, maqsime aRmsarebeli, eriugena, bonaventura da sxv.) gverdiT moiazrebda, romelTac, misi azriT, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis idea aRiares da renesansis filoso-fiuri safuZvlebi moamzades. es xazi, nucubiZis azriT, upirispirdeboda klimenti aleqsandrielis, tertulianes, avgustinesa da Toma akvinelis xazs5. S. nucubiZis es Tval-

1 W.Preger. dasax. naSr., gv. 147.2 А.Штёкль.История средневековой философии.М.,1912,gv. 292.3 K.Hasse.VonPlotinzuGoethe.Iena,1912,gv.147.4 iqve, gv. 148.5 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV

t. gv. 68.

334

sazrisi dazustebas saWiroebs. kerZod: usafuZvlod Cans e. w. èmanaciur-panTeisturi~ (a. Stoklis terminia) yaidis moazrovneTa gverdiT maqsime aRmsareblis moxsenieba. amas-Tan, nucubiZe, e. kasirerTan kamaTSi aRniSnavs, rom `rac Rirebulia maister ekhartTan, Tu mas `samoselis~ gareSe ganvixilavT, im xazis ganviTarebaze daiyvaneba, romelic modis areopagituli yaidis revoluciur-opoziciuri mis-tikis pirveli nabijebidan, mistikisa, romlis warmomadgen-lebic, maT Soris ki TviT ekhartic, devnas ganicdidnen~1. aqac SeiZleba bevri ram sadavo iyos, magram erTi cxadia: nucubiZis azriT, maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tvalsazrisi areopagituli warmo-mavlobisaa.

g. TevzaZe maister ekhartis wvlils neoplatonuri fi-losofiis ganviTarebaSi xedavs: àraradan, rogorc RvTa-ebriobas dabrunebuli samyarodan, raRac iseTis gamor-Ceva, romelic ararasgan gansxvavebuli, e. i. grZnobad garemocvaSi RvTaebriv brwyinvalebasac inarCunebs~2. aq dgeba sakiTxi dabrunebis Semdeg specifikurobis Senar-Cunebis Sesaxeb. TevzaZis SeniSvniT, ès aris RmerTSi sa-myaros dabrunebis Semdeg RvTaebis amaRlebis sakiTxi, rac imaSi mdgo mareobs, rom aq ukve diferencireba gvaqvs, es ki ufro maRali safexuria, vidre aradiferencireba. marTa-lia, SeniSnavs avtori, ekharts es sakiTxi ar dauyenebia, ma-gram amas moiTxovs ìndividis damoukidebeli Rirebulebis ekhartiseuli Teoria~3.

dasasrul, g. TevzaZis mosazrebidan umniSvnelovanesad migvaCnia Semdegi: neoplatonizmSi mocemulia Tvalsazrisi, rom RmerTs ara aqvs Tavisufali nebisyofa da misi sis-

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV t. gv. 81.

2 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili, gv. 243.

3 iqve, gv. 244.

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rule mis gamosxivebasac gulisxmobs. avtoris SeniSvniT, es iyo yvela im qristiani Tu arabi filosofosis gadau-laxavi siZnele, romelic neoplatonizmis gavlenas ganic-dida: `qristianuli filosofiis mier ubralod Tavis mo-tyueba iyo, roca man neoplatonizmis magier areopagitika Seiwynara. SemTxveviTi ar iyo is garemoeba, rom TiTqmis yvela moazrovne, romelic areopagitikas emyareboda, gakicxul iqna. ekhartic maT Soris iyo~1 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.). es mosazreba mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia imdenad, ram-denadac arcTu iSviaTad CvenSi fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis msoflmxedvelobis ukiduresad calmxrivi ganxilvis safuZvelze es moZRvreba filosofias CamoSorebulia da TiTqosda areopagituli moZRvrebis devna S. nucubiZis gamogonili iyos. g. TevzaZis aq gamoTqmuli mosazreba ki im obieqturi viTarebis asaxvaa, rasac sinamdvileSi hqonda adgili areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarT.

maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebis am mokle mimoxilvidanac cxadad Cans, rom misi moZRvrebis ZiriTadi principebi gansazRvrulia neoplatonuri fi-losofiiTa da `qristianuli neoplatonizmiT~ (areopagi-tika) da amdenad, ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis areopagiti-kasTan (da amis safuZvelze neoplatonizmTan) mimarTebiT kvleva misi arsebis gagebis yvelaze marTebuli gzaa.

2. ekhartis moZRvreba RmerTzeRvTaebrioba da RmerTi. ekhartis moZRvrebaSi gansa-

kuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba RmerTisa da RvTaebriobis gansxvavebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom moZRvreba RvTaebriobisa da RmerTis gansxvavebaze ekhartTan is Tvalsazrisia, ro-melic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba areopagitulisgan.

RvTaebriobisa da RmerTis gansxvavebaze msjelobisas ekharti ixilavs agreTve Sinagan adamianursa da garegan


336

adamianurs, romlebic erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba Rmer-Tisgan boZebulis aTvisebis unariT. garegan adamianuri, ekhartis azriT, iRebs Seqmnils mxolod rogorc Seqm-nils. xolo Sinagan adamianuri – raimes, rogorc RvTae-briv boZebuls: `uSinaganes adamianuri Cemi arseba ki maT iRebs ara rogorc RvTis boZebuls, aramed rogorc mara-diul Tavisas! radganac TviT RmerTic ki warmoiqmneba da gardamavalia~1. ekhartis es Tvalsazrisi, erTi SexedviT, gaugebaric kia, ramdenadac aRniSnulia RmerTis warmoq-mnasa da maradiulobaze, rac RmerTis mimarT, tradici-uli msoflmxedve lobis Tanaxmad, miuRebelia. es imis gamo, rom RmerTis cneba yovelTvis maradiulobas, Seuqmnelo-bas, ucvlelobas... gulisxmobs. ekhartTan es tradiciuli Tvalsazrisi gauqmebulia da srulyofilebis umaRles safexurze RmerT ze maRla RvTaebriobaa warmodgenili.

a. Stokli aCvenebs RvTaebriobisa da RmerTis cnebebis gansxvavebis ekhartiseuli Tvalsazrisis arsebas: ekharti uSvebs gansxvavebas RvTaebriobasa da RvTaebriv saxeebs Soris. RvTaebriobaSi igi gulisxmobs RmerTis martivsa da wminda arsebas, rasac uwodebs safuZvels, RmerTis Sina-gan wyaros, romelSic maradiuli siwynarea, araviTari mo-qmedeba araa da masSi RmerTs sZinavs, rogorc maradiul wyvdiads. am maradiul wyvdiadSi RmerTi sakuTriv Tavisi TavisTvisac ki Seucnobelia2.

maister ekhartTan RvTaebriobasa da RmerTze moZ-Rvreba amiT ar mTavrdeba. RvTaebrioba, rogorc ukve iTq-va, absoluturi siwynarea, romelSic araviTari cvlileba ar aris; RvTaebrioba Tavis Tavsac ki ar icnobs. ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis mimarT, bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: Tuki RmerTi RvTaebriobaSia, maSin ra gansxvavebaa RvTaebrioba-sa da RmerTs Soris, xom ar arian isini igiveobrivi? ekhar-tis moZRvrebis sxva adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba

1 МайстерЭкхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 36.2 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 289.

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am kiTxvas ase vupasuxoT: RvTaebriobaSi RmerTs Tavisi da-moukidebloba dakarguli aqvs, magram RvTaebriobaSi mara-diulad gaTqvefili rodia.

RvTaebrioba gadis am maradiuli wyvdiadidan da am gas-vlis Semdeg is ukve RmerTia. a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, am mara-diul wyvdiadSi RvTaebrivi arseba gamovlinda mamaRmer-Tis saxiT da ramdenadac mamaRmerTi imecnebs Tavis Tavs, am TviTSemecnebaSi is badebs Ze-s. magram, Tavis mxriv, roca ibadeba mama, is RvTaebriobas rodia mowyvetili. swored, mamaRmerTSi RvTaebriobas uyvars Tavis Tavi da am siyvar-ulSi Ze-sTan erTad warmoqmnis wmida suls. `amgvarad, mara-diulad idumali RmerTis pirvelsafuZveli gamovlindeba. `RvTaebrioba~ xdeba `RmerTi~ – RmerTi sam saxeSi~1.

rogorc ukve aRniSnulidan Cans, maister ekhartis mso-flmxedvelobaSi qristianuli RmerTi – sameba da RmerTi absoluti – erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia.

ekhartis Tvalsazrisi RvTaebriobaze, rogorc abso-lutsa da yvelafris safuZvelze, ar gansxvavdeba neo-platonur-areopagituli RmerTisgan. kerZod: plotinesa da fsev do-dionise areopagelTan RmerTi srulyofilebis uma R lesi formaa, yvelafris safuZvelia da yvela arsebas mas Si aqvs dasabami. RmerTSi yvela arseba imyofeba ganusx-vaveblad. amasTan, plotinesa da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, RmerTis sameufeo wyviadia. maister ekhartTanac RmerTis pirvelsafuZveli – RvTaebrioba – wyvdiadia, romelSic aris maradiuli siwynare, ucvleloba da a. S. es RvTaebrio-ba – RmerTis pirvelsafuZveli – TavisTavad damoukidebe-lia RvTaebrivi saxeebisgan da, amasTan, Tavis TavSi yvela arsebuli arsebas Seicavs2.

maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi mocemuli RvTaebriobis cneba rogorc Tavisi SinaarsiT, ise roliTa da mniSvne-lobiT samyaroSi, arsebiTad emTxveva neoplatonur-are-

1 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 290.2 iqve, gv.290.

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opagitul Tvalsazriss pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) Sesaxeb. magram maT Soris am sakiTxSi aris arsebiTi gansxvavebac. gansxvaveba upirvelesad mJRavndeba maSin, roca msjeloba RmerT-samebas Seexeba.

ekhartTan RvTaebrioba da RmerTi-sameba, garkveuli azriT, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebelia. maTze cal-calke midis msjeloba, maSin roca areopagitul moZRvrebaSi ar-sebiTad msjeloba exeba erT yovlad srulyofil RmerTs1.

riTaa ganpirobebuli or qristian moazrovnes So-ris aseTi gansxvaveba RmerTi-samebis moZRvrebis sakiTx-Si? rodesac areopagituli moZRvreba iqmneboda, antikur filosofiur memkvidreobas msoflmxedvelobrivi Tval-sazrisiT, jer kidev didi Zala hqonda da es kargad Cans fsevdo-dionises sistemaSi, gansakuTrebiT RmerTze moZ-RvrebaSi, kerZod, areopagituli Tvalsazrisi erTi Rmer-Tis Sesaxeb neoplatonuri Sinaarsis Semcvelia da amdenad, mis sistemaSi mocemulia RmerTi-absoluti.

maister ekhartis moRvaweobis periodSi qristianul msoflmxedvelobas ukve warmmarTveli roli ukavia. ekharti antikuri memkvidreobidan iRebs imas, rac misi msoflmxed-velobisTvis misaRebia da cdilobs mis gamoyenebas. magram mTavari misTvis mainc qristianuli sampirovnuli RmerTia da mis moZRvrebaSi es specifikur mniSvnelobas iZens.

yvelaferi amis safuZvelze ki, neoplatonur-areopa-gituli msoflmxedvelobisgan gansxvavebiT, ekhartis mo-Z Rv rebaSi sxvaa RmerTi, rogorc RvTaebrioba da RmerTi, rogorc sameba; g. TevzaZis azriT, `ekhartis zemoaRniS-nul msjelobaSi naTlad gamoikveTa ori cneba: RmerTi, rogorc ufskruli, rogorc arara, rogorc RvTaebrioba

1 areopagitika, rogorc qristianuli Zegli, Seicavs moZRvrebas samebaze, magram igi ise gancalkevebulad araa warmodgenili, rogorc es ekhartis moZRvrebaSia.

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da RmerTi, rogorc qristianuli sameba, rogorc emanacia RvTaebriobisagan~1.

RvTaebasa da RmerTs Soris gansxvavebaze ekhartis Tvalsazriss cxads xdis misi moZRvreba arsebaTa warmo-Sobaze.

3. arsebaTa warmoSobaaRiniSna, rom maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi,

neoplatonikosebis msgavsad, adgili hqonda samyaroSi RmerTis imanenturobisa da transcendenturobis Seguebis amao cdas (a. Stokli). es amocana upirvelesad neopla-tonur filosofiaSi dadga da maister ekhartis moZRvre-baSic aqtualuria. amis mizezi ki aris is, rom ekharti ro-gorc qristiani moRvawe, RmerTis transcendentur gagebas aRiarebda, magram igi, amave dros, rogorc neoplatonur-areopagituli ideebis gamgrZelebeli, RmerTis imanenturi gagebis Tvalsazrissac uSvebda. amitomac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos is garemoeba, rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi vxvdeb-iT RmerTis rogorc emnaciur, ise transcendentur war-modgenas.

maister ekharti Tavisi qadagebebis SesavalSi svams kiTxvas: ratom daiwera saRvTo werili da ratom Seqmna RmerTma samyaro? am kiTxvas ekharti ase pasuxobs: mxo-lod imisTvis, rom RmerTi dabadebuliyo sulSi da suli dabadebuliyo RmerTSi. ekharti aRniSnavs: `yovelgvari marcvleulis idumali buneba winaswar gulisxmobs xor-bals, wiaRiseuli – oqros, xolo yovelgvar dabadebas – miznad aqvs adamiani~2. maister ekhartis es Tvalsazrisi ormxrivaa saintereso, pirveli: sakiTxis dayeneba RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnaze da misi upirvelesi pasuxi – raTa RmerTi dabadebuliyo sulSi da suli ki RmerTSi – re-


2 МайстерЭкхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 3.

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ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis pasuxia; meore, ekhartis mier arsebul sinamdvileSi imis aRniSvna, rom yvelaferSi aris srulyofilebisken miswrafeba: marcvleulSi – xor blisken, wiaRiseulSi – oqrosken da dabadebaSi – adamianisken, mis msoflmxedvelobaSi emanitizmis Tvalsazrisis arsebobis maCvenebelia.

ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi RmerTis transcendentu-ri da imanenturi gagebis nimuSia misi Semdegi mosazreba: RmerTi ucbad, myisierad qmnis Tavis saqmes Tavis TavSi da Tavisi Tavisgan. RmerTs cisa da dedamiwis Seqmnisas ar ufiqria, rom dRes erTi Seeqmna, xval – meore. amisTvis RmerTma mxolod erTi ram gaakeTa – isurva da yvelaferi gaCda1. aqac naTeli unda iyos is Sinagani winaaRmdegoba, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia ekhartis moZRvrebisTvis. RmerTs ar ufiqria jer ca Seeqmna, xolo Semdgom dedami-wa, an kidev, piriqiT, es xom imas niSnavs, rom am SemTxveva-Si RmerTi imanenturi aucileblobiT moqmedebda. magram iqve ekhartis mier imis aRniSvna, rom RmerTma isurva da yvelaferi gaaCina, RmerTis transcendenturi bunebis aRi-arebaa. es ki, ra Tqma unda, ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis Sinagani winaaRmdegobis maCvenebelia.

ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RvTaebis gasvla Tavisi Tavidan da RmerTi-samebis warmoqmnac transcendentizmis Tval-sazrisis gamomxatvelia. k. hase SeniSnavs, rom ekhartis moZRvrebis mixedviT – RmerTis realuri arsi mis krea-turaSia2. am SeniSvnas aucileblad unda gaewios angariSi. ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi samyaros qmnis arafrisgan da droSi Seqmna gansxvavdeba RmerTSi maradiuli Seqmnisgan, rogorc mxatvruli nawarmoebi mxatvris gonebaSi arsebuli nawarmoebis idealisgan3.

1 МайстерЭкхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 17.2 K.Hasse. dasax. naSr., gv. 147.3 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.

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zemoaRniSnulTan erTad Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi Seqmna yovelTvis garkveul mizans emsaxureba da es mizani RmerTis TviTganxorciele-bas gulisxmobs, maSin Zneli ar unda iyos mis moZRvrebaSi sayovelTao transcendentizmis aRiareba. ase, magaliTad, ekhartis Tanaxmad, `RmerTi yvela Tavis moqmedebaSi er-Tob keTil mizans usaxavs Tavis Tavs da surs suli yvela ZaliT am miznisken – Tavisi Tavisken mimarTos~, `am mizniT badebs sulSi RmerTi Tavis Svils, raTa sulis yvela Zalam miaRwion am mizans~1. aq, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi war-modgenilia pirovnebis saxiT, romelic garkveuli mizan-dasaxulobiT moqmedebs. es ki ar Seesabameba emanaciur moZRvrebas, metic – ewinaaRmdegeba mas.

zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg, TiTqosda, azric ki ara aqvs davZebnoT ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adgilebi, sadac emana-tizmis amsaxveli Sinaarsi iqneba mocemuli. a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi `arafrisagan Se-qmnaze~ gvxvdeba iseTi mosazrebebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba qristianuli gagebisgan da emanaciuria: `RvTaebrivi arsi, – ambobs ekharti, iRvreba yvela arsebaSi, imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia TiToeul maTgans misi miReba. amrigad, rac Seqmnilia, aris RmerTi. Tuki sagnebi ar iqneba Rmer-TiT savse, maSin isini ararad gadaiqcevian~2.

ekhartis moZRvrebaSi arsebaTa warmoSoba aucile-blobiT mimdinareobs da es ganpirobebulia sikeTiT, vi-naidan RmerTi absoluturi sikeTea: `yovelgvari sikeTe Tanaziaria, ese igi iRvreba sxvaSi~3. amis Taobaze sain-teresoa sakuTriv ekhartis SeniSvna: `misi (ese igi, Rmer-Tis) bunebrivi keTiloba raRacnairad aiZulebs RmerTs amisTvis (ese igi gadmoiRvaros)~. ekhartisave azriT, TviT RvTaebriobis cneba gulisxmobs, rom man yvela arsebas,

1 МайстерЭкхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 72.2 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.3 iqve, gv. 290.

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romelTac sikeTis miRebis unari aqvs, unda auwyos misi keTilobis Sesaxeb da amrigad: `RmerTi qmnis yvelafers aucileblobiT~. Semdeg yvelaferi es, ese igi, RmerTis mier yvelafris aucileblobiT Seqmna, ekharts dakavSirebuli aqvs arsebis warmoSobis maradiulobasTan da mas avrce-lebs upirvelesad ZeRmerTis Seqmnaze. marTalia, ekharti yvelafers amas samebas ukavSirebs, magram mis mier sikeTis safuZvelze warmoqmnis aucileblobasa da maradiulo-baze xazgasma veRar eteva religiuri msoflmxedvelobis CarCoebSi da misi Zirebis Ziebisas neoplatonizmamde mi-vdivarT. amdenad, a. Stoklis Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanax-madac ekhartis moZRvreba `arafrisagan Seqmnaze~ emanaci-uria, safuZvels moklebuli ar aris.

maister ekharti imowmebs fsevdo-dionise areopagels da eTanxmeba imaSi, rom RmerTi arsebebSi aris ganuyofeli Zala, erTiani sikeTe, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs yvela arsebulebs1. ekhartis azriT, RmerTi Tavis TavSi erTiania da amas gansakuTrebiT gaigeben isini, vinc SeqmnilSi goni-erni arian, roca samebaSi xedaven erTian RmerTs. amrigad, aRniSnavs ekharti, yovel arsebuls Tavisi arsi RmerTSi aqvT, xolo sakuTriv maT arseba miRebuli aqvT maTSi Rmer-Tis yofniT2. Tumca sxva adgilas ekharti cdilobs aCvenos arsebebSi RmerTis yofnis SesaZlebloba, magram aq, swored es azria gatarebuli. es Cans kargad a. Stoklis Semdegi SeniSvnidanac: ekhartis Tanaxmad, arsebulTa arsi maTSi RmerTis yofniT ganisazRvreba da sakmarisia RmerTma wami-erad miatovos isini, rom araraSi gadavlen3.

gavixsenoT areopagituli Tvalsazrisi romlis Tanax-mad, RmerTi yvelaferSi yvelaferia da igi yvelaferSi Seimecneba. fsevdo-dionises es mosazreba SeiZleba miC-neul iqnes ekhartis aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvlad.

1 МайстерЭкхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 92.2 iqve, gv. 95.3 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.

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rogorc vnaxeT, am sakiTxSi TviT ekhartic mimarTavs fsevdo-dionises. magram aq sakiTxis sicxadisTvis mizanSe-wonilia vupasuxoT kiTxvas: rogor arsebobs erTi RmerTi mraval saganSi? es aris siZnele, romelic saukuneebis gan-mavlobaSi idga religiur da filosofiur moZRvrebaSi. es siZnele dgas ekhartTanac.

neoplatonur filosofiaSi es siZnele asea gadaWri-li: arsebebSi aris RvTaebrivi Zalebi da amdenad, am Za-lebis saxiT arsebebSi monawileobs RmerTic; areopagiti-kaSi RmerTi, rogorc arsebaTa mizezi da saboloo mizani, garkveuli azriT maTSi arsebobs. ekhartis moZRvrebaSi ki, RmerTi imyofeba yvela arsebaSi, ramdenadac is moqmedeb-da da grZnobda, magram mxolod sulSi badebs igi Tavis Tavs, am dabadebisTvis sulis garda, arc erTi Seqmnili ar gamodgeba. rogorc vxedavT, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi sagnebSi RmerTis arsebobaze naTeli pasuxi ar arsebobs.

dasasrul ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ekhartis msoflmxed-velobaSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnaze Tvalsazrisi araTanamimdevrulia, kerZod, masSi vxvdebiT rogorc kre-acionistul, ise emanaciur Tvalsazrisebs.

4. misticizmi ekhartis moZRvrebaSimaister ekhartis mixedviT, RmerTma adamiani Seqmna Ta-

visi Tavis SemecnebisTvis. am debulebidan cxadi xdeba, Tu ra didi movaleoba ekisreba adamians da es moTxovna ekhar-tis msoflmxedvelobis qvakuTxedia. ekhartis moZRvrebas gasdevs ZiriTadi idea – `individis RvTaebrivi naperwkali, rogorc Seuqmneli da uxrwneli~1. amgvarad, ekhartis moZ-RvrebaSi centralur adgils ikavebs moZRvreba adamianze da misi Tvalsazrisi am problemis Sesaxeb emsgavseba are-opagituls.


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ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamianis umTavresi daniSnule-baa RmerTTan ukudabruneba-gaerTianeba. rogor unda moiqces amisTvis adamiani? RmerTTan ukudabrunebisa da gaerTianebis erTi upirvelesi pirobaa, rom adamianma `RmerTi yvela saganSi unda aRmoaCinos da mis myudroe-bas SeeCvios~1. magram yvela saganSi RmerTis aRmoCenisas aucilebelia Semdegi: arasodes ar unda vecadoT gavigoT RmerTi, rogorc saxe, rames an vinmes msgavsi: `mxolod is, vinc ar eZebs RmerTs saxeSi, SesZlebs mis dauflebas, ro-gorc is aris TavisTavad~2. RmerTi ekhartis azriT, iwyeba iq, sadac Seqmnilebi mTavrdeba.

RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis aucilebelia garkveuli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba. amisTvis RmerTi Cvengan sxva arafers moiTxovs, Tu ara, sakuTari Tavidan gasvlas. es imis gamo, rom adamiani Seqmnilia da Tu is Seqmnilze ver amaRldeba, maSin masSi RmerTi ver naxavs Tavis samyofels3.

ekharti aRniSnavs, rom RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis ori moTxovnis dakmayofilebaa aucilebeli: RmerTis siyvaru-li da RmerTis Semecneba4. ekhartis azriT, Tu Cven gvin-da RmerTTan gaverTiandeT, amisaTvis saWiroa vaRiaroT: RmerTi CvenTvis ucnobia5.

rogorc vxedavT, maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamia-nis upirvelesi movaleoba da daniSnulebaa RmerTTan uku-dabruneba-gaerTianeba. magram rogor unda ganaxorcielos adamianma RmerTisadmi zeasvla? am kiTxvaze ekhartis pa-suxi iseTivea, rogorc es saerTod Sua saukuneebis Teo-logiur-filosofiur azrovnebaSi iyo: mistikur WvretaSi unda ganaxorcielos adamianma RmerTis xilva da masTan gaerTianeba.

1 MeisterEckhart.PredigtenundTraktate.IIAuflage.München,1969,gv. 59.2 Майстер Экхарт.Проповеди и рассуждения.gv. 25.3 iqve.4 iqve, gv. 91-92.5 iqve.

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adamiani xom RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili SemecnebisTvis. maSin adamianisTvis ra unda iyos imaze metad sasurveli da aucilebeli, Tu ara sakuTriv RmerTis Semecneba da am gziT sabolood masTan ukudabruneba-gaerTianeba. Rmer-TTan gaerTianebisTvis, ekhartis azriT, adamianma WeS-maritebas unda emsaxuros da ara imas, rac mas gamoadgeba. amasTan, adamianma unda Seikavos Tavi, gaTavisufldes gare-gani kavSirebisgan da gancdas unda mieces, raTa am gziT moemzados RmerTTan SesaerTeblad1.

a. Stokli ixilavs mistikuri Wvretis pirobebs ekhar-tis moZRvrebaSi, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: pirvel rig-Si, adamiani unda ganiwmindos codvebisgan, amis Semdeg Camoicilos garegani kavSirebi, CaRrmavdes Tavis TavSi da iqces martivad. aRniSnuli pirobebis ganxorcielebis Sem-deg dgeba mTavari – adamiani unda mieces RmerTs, gaxdes pasiuri, umoqmedo da sabolood minebdes RmerTs. es aris sruli dawynareba.

RmerTze saboloo mindobisa da minebebis safuZvel-ze adamianis sulSi Semodis ciuri sinaTle – RvTaebrivi sinaTle inTeba misi sulis centrSi. am sinaTleSi RmerTi cxaddeba mTeli Tavisi arsebiT da adamianis suli rogor-Rac iTqvifeba RmerTSi, adamiani RmerTi xdeba da gadadis gaRmerTebis mdgomareobaSi. `amgvarad, adamiani ibadeba Ze-Si da es dabadeba Ze-Si aris mTeli mistikuri cxovrebis mizani~2.

ekhartis azriT, rodesac adamiani am gziT SeZlebs yvelafris CamoSorebas, maSin mTlianad miecema RmerTs da gaerTiandeba masTan. amis Semdeg, rac ar unda SeemTxves adamians – garegani Tu Sinagani, sasixarulo Tu sawyeni, eseni mas aRar ekuTvnis3.

1 MeisterEckhart. dasax. naSr., gv. 89.2 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 292-294.3 Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 85.

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sabolood, ekhartTan RmerTamde mistikur zeasvlaze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am moZRvrebaSi ZiriTadad SenarCu-nebulia areopagituli misticizmis principebi, Tumca ze-asvlaze Tvalsazrisi ufro daxvewili da gasagebia.

maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamianis upirvelesi amocana da ZiriTadi daniSnuleba RmerTTan ukudabruneba-gaerTianebaa, amdenad, adamianis zneobrivi pasuxismgeblo-bac amiT unda Sefasdes.

am mimarTebiT sainteresoa is, rom ekhartis moZRvre-baSi, neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikisagan gansxvavebiT, yuradReba ar eqceva borotebis substanciurobis sakiTxs. ekhartTan sakuTriv adamianis zneobrivi pasuximgeblobaa mTavari. yovelive amis gamo am sakiTxSi ekhartisa da are-opagituli msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebis kvleva naklebm-niSvnelovania.

maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi sulze moZRvreba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba areopagitulisgan, xolo RvTaebri-vi `araras~ Sesaxeb ekhartiseuli Tvalsazrisi areopagi-tulis ganviTarebaa. orive am sakiTxis ganxilva ki ufro naTlad warmoaCens ekhartis misticizmis arss.

ekharti sulSi or mxares asxvavebs: naperwkalsa da Zalebs. naperwkali gonebacaa, sulicaa da grZnobac. es naperwkali, ekhartis azriT, ise wmindaa, Tavis TavSi ama-Rlebuli da keTilSobilia, rom masSi araviTar Seqmnas adgili ara aqvs. masSi mxolod RmerTis RvTaebriv bunebas moepoveba samyofeli1. es sulis WeSmariti pirvelsafuZ-vlis analogiuria da masSi aisaxeba RvTaebis saxe. es na-perwkali, ekhartis Tanaxmad, ara mxolod gaerTianebulia RmerTTan, aramed masTan erTad Seadgens erTians2. aq, ro-gorc vxedavT, ekharti cdilobs RmerTsa da adamians So-ris `xidis gadebas~.

1 vimowmebT А.Штёкль-is mixedviT. gv. 292-293.2 iqve, gv. 293.

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ekhartis moZRvrebaSi aRniSnul mizans unda emsaxure-bodes TviT adamianis dayofa – Sinagan da garegan ada-mianad. Tuki amas davumatebT RvTaebriobasa da RmerTs Soris ekhartis mier aRniSnul gansxvavebas, maSin aseTi suraTi warmogvidgeba: ekhartis Teologiur-filosofiur sistemaSi mTeli sinamdvile asea warmodgenili: erTi mxriv, arsebebi Tavis idealur saxeebSi aris mocemuli, xolo, meore mxriv, umaRlesi arsebebi warmodgenilia moqmedeba-Si. am ukanasknelSi mocemuli arsebebi ukve simravles aris naziarebi, maradiuli da cvalebadia. umaRlesi arsebebi ki Tavis idealur formaSi maradiulni, ucvlelni da mdgra-dia. mTels sinamdvileSi gamefebulia swrafva nakleb-srulyofilebidan umaRlesi srulyofilebisken. ekharti SeniSnavs kidec, rom es swrafva sabolood adamianSi unda ganxorcieldes.

axla rac Seexeba ekhartis moZRvrebas RvTaebrivi àra-ras~ Sesaxeb. sayovelTaodaa cnobili, rom jer kidev pla-tonma ararss garkveuli mniSvneloba da arsebobis predi-kati miawera. es Tvalsazrisi neoplatonur filosofiaSi da aqedan areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gadavida. es arara areopagitikaSi RvTaebrivi wyvdiadia. ekhartis moZRvreba RvTaebriv àraraze~ neoplatonur-areopagituli Tvalsaz-risis ganviTarebaa.

ekhartis gansjis sagani xdeba RmerTis mier Seqmna àraradan~. ratom Seqmna RmerTma adamiani àraradan~? ekharti am kiTxvas ase pasuxobs: àraras~ ara aqvs sawyisi da radganac mas sxva ukeTesi ara hqonda, amitomac misgan gagvaCina. am gziT RmerTma àrara~ moiyvana moZraobaSi1.

àraras~ ekhartis filosofiaSi ara mxolod warmoqm-nis safuZvlis funqcia gaaCnia, aramed àrara~ RmerTTan gaerTianebis pirobacaa. adamiani RmerTTan rom gaerTian-des saWiroa suli CaiZiros RvTaebriv àraraSi~, radganac sxvanairad igi sagnebisgan ver gaTavisufldeba2.

1 Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 102.2 iqve, gv. 103.

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Semdeg ekharti aRwers RvTaebriv àraraSi~ sulis Ca-Zirvas. RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis suli gadis gonebiTi (e. i. racionaluri) Semecnebis farglebidan, romelic mas sakuTari ZalebiT hqonda miRweuli da mamaRmerTis idumal Zalebamde midis. aq mTavrdeba gonebis yvela gansxvavebu-loba. suli igrZnobs àraras~ Wvretasa da imas, rom is mar-todaa, wyvdiadSia da ganicdis erTianobas.

ekharti imowmebs fsevdo-dionises, romlis Tanaxmadac, es erTianoba aris sicocxle cocxalTaTvis, arsi yvela arsebulisTvis, goneba yvela gonierisTvis, buneba yvela bunebrivisTvis da sinaTle yvela sinaTlisa. magram igi amave dros arc sinaTlea, arc goneba, arc arsebuli da a. S.1 maister ekhartis es msjeloban RvTaebriv àraras~ war-mogvidgens iseT safexurad, sadac yovelgvari gansxvaveba da gansazRvreba gauqmebulia. es àrara~ sabolood isev RvTaebaa.

RvTaebrivi àrara~, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi, erTi mxriv, adamianis warmoSobis safuZvelia, xolo, meore mxriv, ada-mianis RmerTSi ukudabrunebis piroba. RmerTis mizanic xom is aris, rom yvela Seqmnili masve ukudaubrundes da amas axerxebs adamianSi Tavis Tavis dabadebiT, ris safuZvelze-dac adamiani gaRmerTdeba. TviT RmerTma ki, amiT umaRles srulyofilebasa da netarebas miaRwia2. aq aRniSnuli imis maCvenebelia, rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi sistema Seikra da es moxerxda adamianSi, ufro sworad, Sinagani adamianis su-lis naperwkalSi RmerTis dabadebiT. am dabadebiT adamia-nis gaRmerTeba moxda da adamiani isev RvTaebriv wyviadSi CaiZira, e. i. RmerTi adamianis saxiT Tavis Tavs daubrunda – daubrunda ukve simravles naziarebi. amitomac, – ambobs ekharti, – aq RmerTma umaRles srulyofilebasa da ne-tarebas miaRwiao.

1 Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 103.2 А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 299.

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dasasrul unda aRiniSnos, rom maister ekhartis mso-flmxedveloba neoplatonizmisa da areopagituli moZ-Rvrebis did gavlenas ganicdis. gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba ekhartis saerTo TvalsazrisSi RvTaebriobis sa-kuTari Tavidan gasvlaze, arsebebSi RmerTis yofnasa da adamianis mier RmerTis mistikur WvretaSi. neoplatoniz-mis msgavsad maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi did rols asrulebs RmerTis imanenturobis Tvalsazrisi. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom ekhartis moZRvrebisTvis arc RmerTis transcendentizmia ucxo. yvelaferi es gvxvdeba neoplatonizmSi da am mxriv ekharti agrZelebs neoplaton-uri filosofiis tradiciebs.

yovelive is, rac zemoT iTqva, imas rodi niSnavs, rom maister ekhartis msoflmxedveloba neoplatonur-are-opagituli moZRvrebebis ubralo ganmeorebaa. ekhartis sistema winamaval msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemebis, upirve-lesad ki neoplatonizmis ganviTarebaa, am sityvis pirda-piri mniSvnelobiT.

$6. areopagitika da nikoloz kuzanelis filosofia

sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs Sua saukuneebisa da renesansuli filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgen-lis – nikoloz kuzanelis (1401-1464) msoflmxedvelobis areopagitul moZRvrebasTan mimarTebis Seswavla. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom igi winamaval moazrovneTagan yvelaze gamorCeulad afasebs fsevdo-dionises.

saerTod, areopgitikisa da nikoloz kuzanelis mso-flmxedvelobaTa mimarTebis kvleva mravalmxriv aqtua-lurad gvesaxeba sakuTriv qarTuli kulturis intere-sebisTvis. g. TevzaZis azriT, `qarveuli mkiTxvelisaTvis nikoloz kuzanels orgvari mniSvneloba aqvs: 1. rogorc filosofiis istoriis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani monakveTis Semqmnels, brunos, boemesa da laibnicis winamorbeds da

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2. rogorc neoplatonikosebis, kerZod, prokles (da dion-ises) mowafes, romelsac saerTo maswavleblis gamoc, bevri aqvs saerTo qarTvel filosofos ioane petriwTan~1.

ukve iTqva erTiani xazis Sesaxeb azrovnebis istoriaSi neoplatonikos prokledan dawyebuloi da nikoloz kuzane-lis panTeizmiT damTavrebuli, romlis mimdevarTa mso-flmxedvelobac renesansis ideur safuZvladaa miCneuli. am mimarTulebis ZiriTadi Tvalsazrisi (renesansis ideur safuZvlad miCneuli) RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis aRiarebaSi mdgomareobs, riTac xilul sinamdvileSi RvTae-brivis aRmoCenis SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. amiT ki xilul sinamdvilesa da masSi mimdinare procesebs umaRlesi Ri-rebuleba eZleva. nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobac amgvaria da swored amitomac miCneulia igi renesansulad: `msolod nikoloz kuzanelma uCvena, Tu rogor SeiZleboda umartivesi dialeqtikuri qmnadobisa da naxtomis meSveo-biT xilulisa da usasrulos dakavSireba. es genialuradaa mofiqrebuli nikoloz kuzanelis mier da ai, ratomaa is renesansis namdvili moazrovne~2.

1. areopagitikasTan nikoloz kuzanelis filosofiis mimarTebis ZiriTadi momentebi

nikoloz kuzaneli Tavis SromebSi xSirad mimarTavs winamaval moazrovneebs – Taless, anaqsagoras, platons, aristoteles, prokles, avgustines, fsevdo-dionises, da-viT dinants, Toma akvinels. maT Soris xelSeuxebeli av-toriteti mxolod dionise areopagelia da misTvis ar iSurebs aseT epiTetebs: `didi dionise~, `brZeni dionise~ da sxv.

nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis RerZia moZ-Rvreba RmerTze da yvela danarCeni Tvalsazrisi pirdapir


2 А.Лосев.Эстетика Возраждения.М.,1978, gv. 295.

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Tu arapirdapir masTanaa dakavSirebuli. kuzaneli Rmer-Tis gagebis sakiTxSi mihyveba neoplatonikosebs. misTvis ZiriTadia areopagituli debuleba: RmerTi aris yovelive yoveliveSi – `yovelTa Soris yoveli~.

1) RmerTis daxasiaTeba. nikoloz kuzaneli aRniSnavs, rom `Cveni Zalebi gonebis yvela erTianobis cnebis dad-genas unda emsaxurebodes, radganac Sesamecneblis yvela simravle damokidebulia am erTianobis Semecnebisgan, ro-melic nebismier codnaSi aris yvela is, rac Seimecneba~.1 am TvalsazrisiT, gamokveTilia kuzanelis filosofiis amo-cana – pirveli erTianobis wvdoma, romelic neoplatoni-kosTa ZiriTad amocanas emTxveva. magram gasaTvaliswine-belia is, rom kuzanelis Tanaxmad, pirveli erTianobis (RmerTis) Sesaxeb saboloo WeSmariti codna SeuZlebelia da mis Sesaxeb Cveni codna mxolod varaudia2. saerTod, es azri Tavidan bolomde gasdevs RmerTze kuzanelis moZ-Rvrebas.

kuzaneli erTianobaze msjelobisas ZiriTadad neopla-tonur filosofias mihyveba, Tumca bevr punqtSi gansxvave-buli Tvalsazrisic gaaCnia. kuzanelis azriT, arsebobs oTxi saxis erTianoba: pirveli erTianoba aris RmerTi, meore – goneba, mesame – suli da meoTxe – sxeuli, anu ma-teria, xiluli sinamdvile3. kuzaneli saTiTaod da sagange-bod ixilavs erTianobis aRniSnul saxeebs.

pirveli, anu RvTaebrivi erTianoba win uswrebs yovel-gvar simravles. amiT ki igi, aseve win uswrebs yovelgvar gansxvavebas, dapirispirebulobas, araTanabrobas, dayo-fasa da sxva yvelafer imas, rac Tan axlavs simravles. Tumca es absoluturi erTianoba `yovelivea yoveliveSi~, mas araviTari saxe da saxeli ar gaaCnia. es absoluturi erTianoba yovelgvari simravlis, saxis, gvaris, substan-

1 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.М.,1979,т.I,gv. 207-208.2 iqve, gv. 187-188.3 iqve, gv. 193.

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ciis, aqcidenciis da saerTod, yvela Seqmnilis erTianobaa, yovelgvari zomis, erTiani sazomia, tolobaa tolisa da aratolis, erTiani sazomia, yvela SeerTebulisa da gayo-filis kavSiria~1.

pirveli erTianoba, kuzanelis azriT, raki yvela arse-bulis arsia, yvela raobis raobaa, amitomac igi eWvgare-Sea, yovelgvari eWvi mis Semdeg iwyeba2. aqac areopagituli Tvalsazrisi Cans. kerZod, areopagitikis Tanaxmad, RmerTi `... yovelTa arsTa mizez ars, xolo T¢T arca erTi maTgani, vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTaarsebisa amaRlebul ars~3.

erTianobis meore saxea goneba, romelic absoluturi erTianobisgan momdinareobs. gonebis erTianoba ukve sir-Tules Seicavs (sirTules da ara simravles, amaze miuTiTebs kuzaneli), radganac igi Tavisi Tavisa da sxvisgan Sedgeba. gonebis safexurze adgili aqvs dapirispirebas4. aq kuzane-li atarebs saintereso Tvalsazriss: dapirispireba gone-basTan erTad warmoiSoba. kuzanelis es Tvalsazrisi plo-tines msoflmxedvelobasTanaa axlos. plotines mixedviT, gonebis safexurze erTianoba irRveva, vinaidan sxvaa, rac azrovnebs da sxvaa is, rac iazreba5. asevea kuzanelTanac. goneba arsebulTagan arc erTi araa, magram misgan iwyeba yvelaferi – is arsebebis dasawyisia.

erTianobis mesame saxes warmoadgens suli, romelSic aisaxeba gonebis erTianoba, ramdenadac suli gonebis Sem-degi safexuria da ise, rogorc pirveli erTianoba – Rmer-Ti – iSleba gonebaSi, aseve goneba iSleba sulSi: RmerTi gonebis sinaTlea, radganac is gonebis erTianobaa, aseve goneba sulis sinaTlea, radganac is sulis erTianobaa6.

1 НиколайКузанский.dasax. naSr., gv. 194.2 iqve, gv. 195.3 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.4 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.т.I,gv. 197.5 plotine. V eneada, 1 wigni, $4.6 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.М.,1980,т.II,gv. 200.

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erTianobis meoTxe saxea sxeuli, romelSic gaSlilia suli. igi sayovelTao erTianobis ukanaskneli safexuria.

kuzanelis mixedviT, axla aRniSnul erTianobebs Ta-visTavad ki ver vwvdebiT, aramed sxvisi meSveobiT. ase, magaliTad, pirveli erTianoba gonebaSi Cans, gonebis er-Tianoba – sulSi, xolo sulisa – sxeulSi, anu grZnobad sinamdvileSi. amitomac `RmerTi gonebis formaa, goneba – sulis, xolo suli sxeulis formaa~1.

SevajamoT kuzanelis mosazreba erTianobis oTxi saxis Sesaxeb, romelSic Cans neoplatonur filosofiasTan ro-gorc siaxlove, ise daSoreba. neoplatonur filosofiaSi samyaro erTiani mTelia, romelic safexurebrivi sistemi-Taa warmodgenili da es safexurebrivi sistema ierarqiuli saxiTaa ganlagebuli.

nikoloz kuzaneli imeorebs neoplatonikosebis aRniS-nul safexurebriv sistemas da maT msgavsad aRiarebs oTx safexurs. yvela es safexuri raRacaSi hgavs erTmaneTs, kerZod, yvela maTgani erTianobis princips eqvemdebareba. es erTianoba ki unda iyos is RvTaebrivi Zala, romelic msWvalavs mTel sinamdviles da romelic amarTlebs ku-zanelTan gadmosul areopagitul Tvalsazriss – RmerTi `yovelTa Soris yovelive ars~.

rogorc vnaxeT, kuzanelis mixedviT, sinamdvile erTia-ni mTelia, ramdenadac RmerTiTaa gaerTianebuli da Rmer-Ti yvelganaa. rac aqamde iTqva – RmerTi, rogorc mizezi arsebulTa, yvelgan myofi, arsebaTa gamaerTianebeli, mizezi da mizani, swored, RmerTis katafatikuri (dadebiTi daxasiaTeba) gagebis maCvenebelia. aq aRniSnulis miuxeda-vad, kuzanelisTvis mTavari RmerTis apofatikuri gagebaa.

kuzanelis mxridan, apofatikisadmi upiratesobis mi-ni Weba mis sxvadasxva naSromSi mJRavndeba. misi azriT, yvelafris Semqmneli RvTaeba uxilavia2. am uxilav RvTaebas

1 НиколайКузанский.dasax. naSr., gv. 200.2 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.I gv. 178.

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arc erTi saxeli ar miewereba, amitomac ambobs kuzaneli: – mas vacileb yvela saxels. aqac areopagitikasTan siaxlove eWvgareSea1.

areopagitikasTan kuzanelis siaxlove ufro cxadad Cans RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebas: RmerTs ar Seesabameba arc dadebiTi daxasiaTeba da arc uaryofiTi, radgan is maRla dgas yovelgvar dadebiTsa da uaryofiT dasabuTebaze2. aq ki n. kuzaneli pirdapir mihyveba fsevdo-dionises, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTi yovelgvar dadebiT-sa da uaryofiT dasabuTebaze maRla dgas3.

axla kuzanelis im Tvalsazrisis Sesaxeb, romelic uaryofiT Teologias aniWebs upiratesobas. kuzanelis azriT, veZebT ra Cveni arsis wyaros yovelgvari SesaZle-beli saSualebiT, aRmovaCenT, rom uaryofiTi gamokvleva (uaryofiT, negaciis saSualebiT RmerTis wvdomis cda) ufro sworsa da saimedo gzaze gvayenebs, ramdenadac is, rasac Cven veZebT, miuRweveli da usasruloa4.

rogorc ukve vnaxeT, kuzanelis moZRvreba RmerTis Sesaxeb arsebiTad neoplatonuria. masTan gadmoRebulia samyaros safexurebrivi wyobis neoplatonuri sqema, Tum-ca gansxvavdeba safexurTa mimarTebis gagebaSi. kerZod, ku zane lTan aRar gvxvdeba neoplatonuri ierarqia. samagi-erod masTan mTeli sinamdvilis erTianobis principi bo-lomdea gatarebuli da neoplatonuri debuleba – RmerTi aris `yvela yvelaferSi~ – panTeistur Tvalsazrisadaa gardaqmnili. RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis sakiTxSi kuzaneli areopagitikas mihyveba, Tumca uryofiT Teologias aniWebs upiratesobas. amasTan, Tuki adreul Sua saukuneebSi apofatikisadmi upiratesobis miniWeba

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72; `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228.

2 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.I,gv. 377.3 areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.4 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.I, gv. 175-176.

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ufro religiur-mistikuri Tvalsazrisisken gadaxris mo-maswavebeli iyo, kuzanelTan, piriqiT, ufro antikaToli-kur Tvalsazriss gamoxatavda1.

2) RmerTis gaSla sinamdvileSi. Sua saukuneebis az-rovnebis erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxi – RmerTis mier arse-baTa warmoSoba – kuzanelTan asea gaazrebuli: RmerTis sityva da Seqmna erTi da igivea, qmnis erTdroulad da cal-calke2.

arsebulebi, kuzanelis Tanaxmad, RmerTidan warmoi-Soba. sakuTriv RmerTi SesaZleblobisa da sinamdvilis er Tianobaa. ufro zustad SesaZlebloba da sinamdvile RmerT Si erTi da igivea. am mosazrebasTanaa dakavSirebuli ku za nelis sayuradRebo debuleba: RmerTSi SesaZlebloba da sinamdvile igiveobrivia, swored amitomac RmerTi aris is, rac aris da rac SeiZlebma iyos3. es mosazreba, romel-sac kuzaneli sxva SromebSic imeorebs (`ganswavluli arcod na~, `RmerTis Ziebis Sesaxeb~, `nadiroba sibrZneze~), Taviseburi saxiT ukve neoplatonizmSi iyo mocemuli. ker-Zod, neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi RmerTidan mTeli sinam-dvilis aucilebeli gamomdinareobis Sesaxeb, kuzanelis aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvelia4. kuzanelis Tvalsaz-risi – RmerTi aris is, rac aris da rac SeiZleba iyos, sam-yaros gamTlianebisa da erTianad warmodgenis safuZvelia.

RmerTSi (pirvelmizezSi) arsebebi, – kuzanelis azriT, – SekumSul-SemWidroebuli saxiTaa mocemuli. amasTan, RmerTis safexurze sagnebi erTmaneTis igiveobrivia, rad-ganac RmerTTan adgili ara aqvs araviTar simravles, moZ raobas, gansxvavebas... yvelaferi es RmerTis Semdgo-

1 З. Тажуризина. Философия Николая Кузанского. М.,1972, gv. 30.2 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.I, gv. 171-172.3 iqve, gv. 140.4 S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tb.,

1981, gv. 50-53.

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mi safexuridan iwyeba. aq kuzaneli Zalze mniSvnelovan mosazrebas gamoTqvams: yvelaferi, rac Tavdapirvelad RmerTSi arsebobs – aris RmerTi, ise rogorc RmerTi gaSlili saxiT SeqmnilSi ukve aris samyaro1. kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTulebis dasadgenad es Tvalsaz-risi umniSvnelovanesia. kerZod, kuzanelis axla aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi amomwurav pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze: – RmerTi transcendenturadaa gagebuli Tu imanenturad. kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT, RmerTi imanenturia, RmerTi da samyaro erTianobaSia, sxva SemTxvevaSi (ese igi RmerTi transcendenturi rom yofiliyo) gaSlisas RmerTi samyaro ver iqneboda.

zemoaRniSnuls adasturebs kuzanelis Semdegi Tval-sazrisic: erTianis (RmerTis) gadasvla sxvad yofnaSi amave dros niSnavs – sxvad yofnis ukudabrunebas erTianSi2. amasTan, rac ufro erTiani da srulyofilia forma, misi gadasvla sxvad yofnaSi, miT ufro metad aris sxvad yofnis dabruneba erTianSi3. aq yuradReba unda mieqces gamoTqmas – `rac ufro srulyofilia forma~; yvelaze srulyofili forma ki RmerTia da maSasadame, RmerTis gadasvla sxvad yofnaSi yvelaze srulyofil ukudabrunebas ganapirobebs. RmerTis gadasvla ukve arsebulTa gaerTianebas niSnavs.

aqamde rac iTqva, mainc araa sakmarisi imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor esmis kuzanels Seqmnis sakiTxi – kreacionis-tulad Tu emanaciurad? am kiTxvaze mas orgvari pasuxi gaaCnia. erT SemTxvevaSi igi laparakobs Seqmnis maradiu-lobaze4, rac sabolood RmerTisa da samyaros erTiano-bis Tvalsazrisis aRiarebamde midis. meore SemTxvevaSi ki igi samyaros warmoqmnis kreacionistul Tvalsazriss

1 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.II,gv. 141.2 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.I, gv. 211.3 iqve.4 iqve, gv. 101., II t. gv. 138.

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uWers mxars1. es ki, kidev erTxel cxads xdis kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis araTanamimdevrulobas, rac ufro epo-qis saazrovno viTarebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTiTaa gan-pirobebuli.

kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagiti-kasTan mJRavndeba agreTve, arsebaTa gansxvavebis mizezis dadgenisas. Tuki RmerTi yvelafris mizezia, maSin ra uSli-da mas xels, rom boroteba ar Seeqmna? am kiTxvaze pasuxi-sas fsevdo-dionise borotebas arasubstanciurad miiCnevs2. sagnebsa Tu arsebebSi arsebuli borotebis mizezad areop-agitikis avtori sikeTis sxivis SesustebasTan erTad TviT arsebaTa uunarobasac asaxelebs. RmerTis mier ganfenili sikeTis ver miReba RmerTis brali ki ar aris, aramed TviT sagnebis3. kuzanelTanac msgavsi Tvalsazrisia gatarebuli, roca saubari exeba sagnebis gansxvavebas. misi azriT, Rmer-Ti yvela arsebaSi erTnairad monawileobs da yvela arsebas erTnairad aZlevs RvTaebriv Zalebs, magram arsebebi mas Rebuloben Tavisi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT4. ramdenadac kuzanelTan sagnebis damoukideblad arsebobaa aRiarebuli (RvTaebriv Zalebs SesaZleblobebis mixedviT iReben), amde-nad, masTan Seqmna ufro mowesrigebas udris da esec kuzane-lis filosofiis panTeisturobis maCvenebelia.

2. RmerTze moZRvrebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebidasasrul ganvixiloT sakiTxebi, romlebic aucileblo-

biTaa dakavSirebuli RmerTze kuzanelis moZRvrebasTan.1) absoluturi minimumi da maqsimumi, dapirispire-

bulTa damTxveva. kuzanelis filosofiaSi RmerTi abso-luturi maqsimumia, an maqsimumisgan arsebobs. absoluturi

1 НиколайКузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.II, gv. 140-141.2 areopagitika. `saaRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. IV Tavi, $$ 8-25 (gv. 43-

53).3 iqve. gv. 33.4 Николай Кузанский.Сочинения в двух томах.Т.I,gv.102.

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maqsimumi, rogorc absoluturi pirvelsawyisi, arsebulTa mizezi da mizania. ras niSnavs absoluturi maqsimumi? ku-zanelis azriT, es aris absoluturi erTeuli, romelsac araferi ar upirispirdeba, da warmoadgens absolutur maqsimalurobas, RmerTs1. absoluturi maqsimumi kuzane-lis filosofiaSi warmoadgens agreTve imas, razec metis mofiqrebac SeuZlebelia. asevea naTqvami absoluturi min-imumis Sesaxebac. is, razec mcires mofiqreba SeuZlebelia, aris absoluturi minimumi, `radganac maqsimumic aseTia, is emTxveva minimums~2.

absoluturi minimumisa da absoluturi maqsimumis damTxvevidan uSualod gamomdinareobs dapirispirebulTa igiveobac. erTica da meorec RmerTis safexurze xdeba da radganac, rogorc araerTgzis iTqva, RmerTi yovelgvar dapirispirebaze, simravleze, gansxvavebaze maRla dgas, amitomac masSi dapirispirebulebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. ku-zanelis es Tvalsazrisi gaxda orTodoqsuli msoflmxed-velobis Setevis obieqti, ramdenadac RmerTSi dapiris-pirebulTa damTxveva sabolood RmerTisa da samyaros gaigivebis aRiarebas niSnavda. meore mxriv ki, kuzanelis es Tvalsazrisi renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis ideur safuZvels Seadgenda.

2) ganswavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb. nikoloz kuzane-lis Txzuleba – `ganswavluli arcodna~ umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri Sromaa. marTalia, am naSromSi ganxilulia moZRvreba absolutur maqsimumsa da minimumze, dapirisp-irebulTa damTxvevaze.... mTavari rezultati am naSromisa aris arcodnis kuzaneliseuli gageba.

kuzaneli imowmebs aristoteles, romlis Tanaxmadac ucxadesi sagnebis codna uZnelesi saqmea. kuzaneli midis im daskvnamde, rom RmerTis codna SeuZlebelia da swored imis codna, rom RmerTi Seumecnebadi niSnavs – ganswavlul

1 Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах.Т.I, gv. 54.2 iqve.

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arcodnas. kuzanelis es Tvalsazrisi saTaves neoplatonur filosofiaSi iRebs, sadac RmerTis wvdoma sabolood SeuZlebelia. RmerTis amgvari warmodgena neoplatonur filosofiaSi mistikuri Wvretis safuZveli xdeba.

nikoloz kuzaneli imowmebs dionisesa da avgustines, romelTa Tanaxmad yvelaze srulyofili mecniereba ar-codnaa da RmerTis miRweva arcodniT ufro SeiZleba, vidre codniT1. iqve gadmocemulia RmerTis wvdomis mis-tikuri gza. kuzanelis mixedviT: absoluturi WeSmaritebis miRweva SeuZlebelia da Tu es raRacnairad mainc SeiZleba – SeiZleba mxolod miseulad, iseve rogorc Cven miuRwev-lad, wamierad TvaliT vxedavT mzis sxivs.

3) ara-sxvas Sesaxeb. kuzaneliseul àra-sxvas~ g. Tev-zaZe xelovnurad Seqmnil terminad miiCnevs.2 Cveni azriT, ara-sxvas problemasTan kuzanelis moZRvrebis arsebiTi aspeqtia dakavSirebuli. TxzulebaSi àra-sxvas~ Sesaxeb kuzaneli bevrs cdilobs aCvenos, Tu ras niSnavs da ra unda vigulisxmoT àra-sxvaSi~. gagebis TvalsazrisiT es Txzuleba erT-erT urTulesia. magram samagierod masSi gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi kuzanelis filosofiis gasaRe-bia. raSi mdgomareobs am Txzulebis rezultati? kuzane-li mraval logikur wiaRsvlas mimarTavs, raTa àra-sxvas~ buneba daadginos da sabolood im daskvnamde midis, rom ara-sxva aris RmerTi, sikeTe....mokled, àra-sxvas~ im niSnebiT axasiaTebs, rogoriTac RmerTs3. sabolood Cven àra-sxva~ kuzanelis filosofiaSi ase gvesmis: rogorc ukve aRvniS-neT, kuzanelis mixedviT, arsebebi RmerTTan erTianobaSi RmerTs warmoadgens, xolo RmerTi arsebebSi ukve araa RmerTi. àra-sxva~ igive RmerTia, safuZveli arsebebis, magram am arsebebisTvis sxvas ar warmoadgens, magram arc arsebebis msgavsia, ramdenadac RmerTis safexurze ar arse-

1 Николай Кузанский.Сочинениявдвухтомах.Т.II, gv. 15-16.2 iqve, gv. 15.3 iqve, gv. 234, 237 da sxva.

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bobs araviTari msgavseba, araviTari gansxvaveba, araviTari simravle da a. S. kuzanelis mizania `ara-sxvaTi~...samyaros saganTa simravlesTan damokidebulebaSi RmerTis rogorc dapirispirebulTa erTianobis axal aspeqtze migviTiTos~1. zemoaRniSnulze damyarebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kuzane-lis moZRvreba `ara-sxvaze~, RmerTisa da samyaros saganTa simravlis genetikuri erTianobis aRmniSvnelia.

rogorc vnaxeT, nikoloz kuzaneli aRorZinebis epo-qaSi agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs. neoplatonizmSi mocemuli RmerTisa da samyaros idea ku-zanelTan dasrulebuli panTeizmis saxes iRebs. neoplato-nizmSi mocemuli panTeizmSi gadazrdis tendencia (a. lo se-vi) yvelaze ukeT nikoloz kuzanelisa da jordano bru nos moZRvrebebSi ganxorcielda. kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis renesansuli xasiaTic arsebiTad ganpirobebuli iyo, erTi mxriv, neoplatonuri filosofiuri tradiciebis gagr-Zeleba-ganviTarebiT, xolo, meore mxriv, mecnierebis axali monapovrebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis am saxiT warmodgena SesaZlebelia mxolod misi filosofiuri poziciidan ganx-ilvis safuZvelze. magram kuzanelis msoflmxedveloba amiT ar amoiwureba.


361

VI Tavi

areopagitika da qarTuli kultura

areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda qarTul kulturaze.

efrem mcires mier XI s-is meore naxevarSi areopa-gituli Txzulebebis qarTulad Targmna SemTxveviT ar momxdara. am movlenas win uswrebda didi mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT arsebul qarTul kulturul centrebSi (aTonis iverTa monasteri, antioqiis Savi mTa, palestina da sxva). qarTveli moRvaweebi imdroin-deli kulturis saukeTeso nimuSebs Targmnidnen. swored am centrebSi iTargmna biblia, ioane oqropirisa da kapa-dokiel mamaTa Txzulebebi da mravali sxva.

filosofiisa da RvTismetyvelebis kuTxiT qarT-vel swavlulTa mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis dagvirgvi-neba iyo efrem mciresa da ioane petriwis mier Sesaba mi-sad areopagituli Txzulebebisa da prokles `kavSirni RvTismetyuelebiTni~-s Targmna berZnulidan qarTul enaze.

areopagituli Txzulebebis Targmna TavisTavad didi movlena iyo qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi. es faqti me-tyvelebs imaze, rom im drois qarTuli kultura mzad iyo mieRo da gaeTavisebina V-VI saukuneTa mijnaze Seqm-nili ucnobi avtoris iseTi umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri moZRvreba, rogoric iyo areopagitika. marTebulad SeniSnavs S. xidaSeli, rom `areopagitikis qar-Tulad gadaTargmnis TviT faqti, imis miuxedavad, Tu vin iyo misi avtori, mniSvnelovania Tavisi gavleniT qarTuli

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Sua saukuneebis ideologiaze~1. aq unda davazusto, rom areopa gitikis gavlena ara mxolod `qarTuli Sua sauku-neebis ideologias~ moicavs, aramed mTlianad qarTul kulturas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis qarTu-lad gadaTargmnis Semdeg, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, es moZRvreba erTgvarad CrdilSi moeqca, mis Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi iyo Tqmuli da Tu iyo, isic qarTuli Targmanis xelnawerebze minaweris saxiT arsebuli mwiri informacia. amis mizezi ki unda yofiliyo areopagituli moZRvrebis msoflmxedveloba, kerZod, misi CaTvala monofiziturad, rac sakamaTo Temaa. Tumca, swored am niSniT unda yofil-iyo es moZRvreba saqarTveloSi ramdenime saukunis gan-mavlobaSi ugulebelyofili. XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki Cndeba pirveli naSromi, romelSic mokled, ma-gram im droisTvis sakmaod amomwuravi informaciaa areop-agitul Txzulebebze. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sergi gorgaZis (1876-1929) naSromi – `neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi uZvelesi kvalTagani qarTul mwerlobaSi (fsevdo-dionise areopagelis qarTuli Targmani)~2, romelic avtors ufro adre – 1919 wlis 24 oqtombers moxsenebis saxiT waukiTxavs saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebaSi.

s. gorgaZe am naSromSi mogviTxrobs areopagituli Txzu lebebisa da mis avtorobasTan dakavSirebul istorias, areopagituli Txzulebebis kompoziciasa da masSi mocemu-li msoflmxedvelobis xasiaTs. gorgaZe aRniSnavs, rom are-opagituli Txzulebebis ucnobi avtori neoplatonikosia da es kargad icodnen Zvel saqarTveloSi. kerZod, areopa-gituli Txzulebebis erT-erT XIII-XIV saukuneebis xelnaw-eris minawerSi aRniSnulia, rom `ese dionvosi platonuri

1 Ш.Хидашели.ОсновныемировоззреническиенаправлениявфеодальнойГрузии.Тб.,1962,gv. 259.

2 `Cveni mecniereba~. samecniero krebuli. tfilisi, 1923, #1, gv. 65-74.

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filosofosi iyo~ da am faqts gorgaZe mravlismetyvel komentars ukeTebs: `amgvarad, filosofiurad moazrovne qarTvelobas ukve sakmaod adre Segnebuli hqonia, rom di-onisios areopagelis saxeliT cnobil nawarmoebTa avtori ubralo RvTismetyveli ki ar aris, aramed filosofosia da kerZod, gansazRvruli filosofiuri skolis (`platonuri~ filosofiis, anu neoplatonizmis) mimdevaria~1.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom s. gorgaZe, im droisTvis sworad Caswvda areopagituli moZRvrebis adgils qarTuli kul-turis istoriaSi da faqtobrivad biZgi misca mis Semdgom safuZvlian kvlevas, romelsac TiTqmis ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg saTave daudo S. nucubiZem.

S. nucubiZemde areopagituli traqtati `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ `vefxistyaosnis~ savaraudo ideur wyarod mi-iCnia z. avaliSvilma2.

S. nucubiZem ki pirvelad amgvari miniSneba gaakeTa 1941 wels moskovSi rusul enaze gamocemuli `vefxistyaosnis~ miseuli Targmanis winasityvaobaSi3.

qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenis spe-cialuri kvlevebis dawyebamde S. nucubiZem 1942 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi – `Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита~, romelic eZRvneba fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da pe-tre iberis identobas. amis Semdeg nucubiZem araerT naS-romSi specialurad gamoikvlia areopagitikis gavlena qarTul kulturaze. am naSromebidan unda gamovyoT ori: `rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi~ (1947, rusulad) da `rusTavelis Semoqmedeba~ (1958, rusulad), romlebSic ar-

1 `Cveni mecniereba~. samecniero krebuli. tfilisi, 1923, #1, gv. 74.

2 qarTuli fulosofiuri azris istoria oTx tomad. Tb.,1996, I t. gv. 287.

3 ШотаРуставели.Витязьвтигровойшкуре.Пер.Ш.Нуцубидзе.М.,1941,gv. 11, 16.

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sebiTad gamokvleulia qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis mravalmxrivi gavlena.1

S. nucubiZis naSromi – `rusTaveli da aRmosavluri re-nesansi~ iyo misi im Canafiqris gagrZeleba, gaRrmaveba da srulyofa, romelic mocemuli iyo mis mcire moculobis, magram Rrma Sinaarsis Semcvel SromaSi – `aRmosavluri re-nesansi da evropocentrizmis kritika~ (1941)2.

swored am naSromSi (`rusTaveli da aRmosavluri re-nesansi~) S. nucubiZem sabolood Camoayaliba aRmosavluri renesansis Teoria, romelSic centraluri adgili ukavia qarTuli renesansis koncefcias. swored am naSromSi nu-cubiZe safuZvlianad Seexo areopagitikis gavlenas qar-Tul kulturaze.

S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagituli ideebi gadaamuSava ioane petriwma da am gziT mkvidrdeba igi qarTul renesan-sul azrovnebaSi. petriwma, nucubiZis azriT, fsevdo-dion-ises msgavsad icis, rom adamiani ufro metia, vidre oTxi elementiT (wyali, haeri, cecxli, miwa) Sezavebuli ram. `es aris srulyofisa da absoluturi sikeTis sawyisebTan moax-loebis gza~3 – daaskvnis nucubiZe.

neoplatonizmSi, areopagitul moZRvrebasa da XI–XII saukuneebis qarTul filosofiur azrovnebaSi erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaa. rogorc erT, ise meore da mesame SemTxvevaSi boroteba uarseboa, is arasubstanciuria. es idea areopagitikidan gadmodis rusTavelTan da S. nucubiZes areopagitul moZRvrebasTan am sakiTxSi qarTuli renesansis poeziis kavSiris Tval-naTliv magaliTad miaCnia `vefxistyaosnis~ Semdegi cno-bili strofi:

1 S. nucubiZis es ori naSromi qarTulad ix. misi Sromebis, Sesabamisad IV (1976) da VII (1980) tomebSi.

2 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. 1976, IV t. gv. 502-511.

3 iqve, gv. 178.

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`am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs: RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar dabadebs, avsa wam-erT Seamoklebs, kargsa xan-grZlad gaakvladebs, Tavsa missa ukeTessa uzado-hyofs, ar azadebs~.S. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, `am oTx taepSi rusTaveli gva-

Zlevs yvelafers, rac ki qarTulma renesansma aiTvisa are-opagituli ideebis Sesaxeb petriwis nawerebidan~1.

amasTan, avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom petriwTan areopagitikis avtori moxseniebulia dioni-ses saxeliT, CaxruxaZesTan – dionosoTi, xolo rusTavel-Tan am saxelis qarTuli formiT – divnosiT. rac mTavaria, nucubiZis azriT, arc petriwi da arc CixruxaZe am saxels ar ukavSireben areopagituli sistemis Sexedulebebs da am Sexedulebebs sxva pirovnebas miaweren. rusTaveli ki, pi-riqiT – swored im `divnosze~ laparakobs, romelmac prok-lesTan dakavSirebuli ideebi gamoTqva, rac avtoris SeniS-vniT: `mTlianad Seesabameba petriws da misi filosofiuri saqmis poeturi formiT asaxvaa rusTavelis mier~2.

aq cxadad ar Cans, Tu risi Tqma unda S. nucubiZes, Tumca misi mTavari azri gasagebia: sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Tvalsazrisi neoplatonizmidan gadadis qris-tianul neoplatonizmSi – areopagitikaSi, sadac neopla-tonizmi `gadargulia~ qristianul niadagze da saukuneebis Semdeg am sakiTxze areopagitul Tvalsazriss petriwiseu-li redaqciiT `poeturi formiT~ gadmoscems rusTaveli.

S. nucubiZem specialur monografiaSi – `rusTavelis Semoqmedeba~ ufro daakonkreta areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanze~. es sakiTxi avtors ganxiluli aqvs gamokvlevis me-3 TavSi – `rusTavelis Se-moqmedebis filosofiuri Zirebi~, sadac ukve konkretu-lad aris msjeloba areopagituli ideebis asaxvaze `vef-xistyaosanSi~.

1 S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 179.2 iqve.

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upirvelesad aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom axal gamokvle-vaSi, romelic specialurad rusTavelis Semoqmedebas eZR-vneba, sxva arsebiT sakiTxebTan erTad nucubiZem gamokve-Ta rusTavelis poeziis saTaveebi, kerZod, rusTavelis poeziis xalxuri da literaturuli Zirebi da rusTavelis Semoqmedebis filosofiuri Zirebi. swored bolo TavSia CvenTvis saintereso areopagitikis gavlenebze msjeloba.

S. nucubiZe sakiTxis ganxilvas iwyebs imiT, rom `vefxis-tyaosans~ ganixilavs, rogorc filosofiur poemas da iqve ganmartavs amgvari mxatvruli nawarmoebis arss: `msoflio literaturis istoriaSi aris egreT wodebuli filoso-fiuri poemebi. maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani isaa, rom isi-ni agebulia garkveul msoflgagebaze, romelic garkveul epoqaSi SemuSavebula, filosofiis sistemaSi gamosaxula, filosofiis cnobil ZeglebSi aRbeWdila~1.

ramdenadac rusTaveli ar aris filosofosi, xolo misi poema mxatvruli nawarmoebia, amdenad, rusTavelTan filo-sofia sistemis saxiT ar aris mocemuli. amitomac rusTa-velis Semoqmedebis Zirebi poemaSi Cawnul filosofiur elementebSi unda veZioT, aRniSnavs nucubiZe. amasTan, `ve-fxistyaosnis~ ideuri safuZvelia sikeTisa da borotebis brZola, mizani ki, imis Cveneba, Tu rogor amarcxebs sike-Te borotebas. magram es brZola Sinagani simtkicis `WirTa Tmenis~ safuZvelze gveZleva, `ubedureba gzaa bednierebi-saken, boroti keTilis dadginebis saSualebaa~2.

S. nucubiZe maRal Sefasebas aZlevs niko maris (1864-1934) moRvaweobas petriwisa da rusTavelis Semoqmedebis Seswavlis saqmeSi. magram, misi azriT, marim ver SeniSna, rom gansaxilveli epoqis qarTul sinamdvileSi mxolod antikuri neoplatonizmi ar yofila qarTuli azrovnebis

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTavelis Semoqmedeba. Sromebi. Tb., 1980, VII t. gv. 98.

2 iqve, gv. 99.

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ideuri safuZveli. maris mxedvelobidan gamorCa areopagi-tuli moZRvreba da gverdi auara TviT rusTavelis miTi-Tebas `brZen divnosze~, romelic sikeTis absoluturobasa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazriss iziare-bda1. es bunebrivic iyo, SeniSnavs nucubiZe, radganac XX s-is dasawyisisTvis jer kidev ar iyo cnobili, Tu vin ima-leboda areopagituli Txzulebebis ucnobi avtoris saxe-lis qveS, rusTavelis `brZen divnosSi~.

aqve, S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom rusTavels ar SeiZleba ar scodnoda saqmis namdvili viTareba, ese igi, areopagi-tikis namdvili avtori, rom petre iberi iyo da iq, sadac petre iberi unda daesaxelebina, daasaxela `brZeni divno-si~ (dionise areopageli).

S. nucubiZe axal gamokvlevaSi kvlav ubrundeba `ve-fxistyaosnis~ im cnobil strofs, romelic sikeTis ab-soluturobasa da borotebis arasubstanciurobas exeba da, sadac rusTaveli pirdapir miuTiTebs am TvalsaCino avtorze `brZen divnosze~ (`am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs: RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar dabadebs, ...~).

am strofis nucubiseuli analizs zemoT ukve SevexeT, roca vixilavdiT mis naSroms – `rusTaveli da aRmosavlu-ri renesansi~. nucubiZe axal gamokvlevaSi ufro dawvri-lebiT ganixilavs am sakiTxs da or debulebas gamoyofs strofSi, romlebic RmerTis mier keTilis movlinebasa da misi borotebis warmouSoblobas eZRvneba2.

S. nucubiZe, `vefxistyaosnis~ am saocrad Sinaarsian da tevadi strofis dasawyisSi mocemuli `dafaruli saqmis~ (`am saqmesa dafarulsa~) saTavesac areopagitul moZRvre-baSi xedavs. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, rusTavelma yvelaferi es

1 S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 109.2 iqve, gv. 121-123.

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icoda, magram gasagebi mizezis gamo, ver gabeda gaemJRav-nebina dionise-petre iberis saxeli1.

S. nucubiZes miaCnia, rom rusTavelma Tavisi Rrma ganswavlulobis wyalobiT amoxsna divnos-petres `dafaru-li~ da RmerTTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyena. kerZod, es kargad Cans avTandilis locvaSi tarielTan meored gamgzavrebis win:

`ilocavs, ityvis: maRalo RmerTo xmelTa da caTao, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ucnauro da uTqmelo, ufalo uflebaTao~2.aq, rusTavelis Semoqmedebis siaxlove da kavSiri are-

opagitul moZRvrebasTan eWvgareSea, rac kargad aqvs Se-niSnuli nucubiZes.

S. nucubiZe areopagitul gavlenas rusTavelis `vef-xistyaosanSi~ xedavs agreTve RmerTze moZRvrebis sakiTx-Si. avtori Tavis mosazrebas areopagituli moZRvrebidan da `vefxistyaosnidan~ Sesatyvisi adgilebis damowmebiT, SedarebiTa da analiziT asabuTebs.

S. nucubiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebazec, rom areopagitikis gavlena aris dantes SemoqmedebaSic, Tu-mca arapirdapir, kerZod: dante Tavis ideur maswavlebels (fsevdo-dionises, – m. m.) mxolod zigier brabantelis sa-xiT icnobda da misgan aiTvisa misTvis saWiro Tvalsazrisi. swored amis gamo dantem `imqveynad~ gadaitana `RvTaebri-vi komediis~ moqmedeba3. amitomac arian, nucubiZis azriT, dantes gmirebi usicocxloni da mkrTalni.

am moments did mniSvnelobas aniWebs nucubiZe, radga-nac igi miuTiTebs `vefxistyaosnisa~ da `RvTaebrivi kome-diis~ rogorc ideur naTesaobaze, ise gansxvavebaze. am or qmnilebas Soris ideuri naTesaobis mizezia areopagituli msoflmxedvelobis gamoyeneba, xolo gansxvaveba gamowveu-

1 S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 125.2 iqve, gv. 126.3 iqve, gv. 151.

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lia imiT, rom rusTaveli areopagitikas uSualod icnobs, xolo dante zigier brabantelis meSveobiT1.

S. nucubiZis saboloo daskvnis Tanaxmad, areopagiti-kasTan rusTavelisa da dantes aq aRniSnul damokidebu-lebas SeuZlia pasuxi gasces imaT, visac ar sjera petre iberis moZRvrebasTan winarenesansuli da renesansuli po-eziis kavSiri. nucubiZis azriT, im epoqisTvis es kavSiri araTu SesaZlebeli, aramed aucilebelic iyo. `rusTavel-ma panTeisturi materializmis ideebi gamoiyena sruliad realisturi poemis Sesaqmnelad, romelSic iseTi siZlie-riTaa gamosaxuli adamianebi da maTi vnebebi, rom amiT, rogorc h. huperti miuTiTebda, rusTavelma did Seqspirs daaswro~2 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).

S. nucubiZe areopagitikasTan rusTavelis Semoqmede-bis mimarTebaze msjelobisas xSirad iyenebs `panTeisturi materializmis~ cnebas, romelic, misi azriT, areopagiti-kidan momdinareobs. rogorc axla vnaxeT, nucubiZis mi-xedviT, es cneba marjved gamoiyena rusTavelma `sruliad realisturi poemis Sesaqmnelad~.

S. nucubiZis am msjelobebSi gamoyenebuli `panTeistu-ri materializmis~ cneba xelovnuris STabeWdilebas to-vebs da mas araferi aqvs saerTo areopagitul moZRvre-basTan da miT umetes, rusTavelis SemoqmedebasTan. maSin raSia saqme? vfiqrob, nucubiZe imdroindeli ideologiuri wnexis gamo erTgvar kompromisze midis, iyenebs xelovnur termins, romelic oficialuri ideologiisTvis misaRebi iqneboda. samagierod, igi erTgvarad `aparebs~ Tavis mTa-var Canafiqrs da sabWour saazrovno sivrceSi aaqtiure-bs iseT religiur-filosofiur moZRvrebas, rogoric iyo areopagitika. nucubiZis es svla rom ara, neoplatonizmis, qristianuli neoplatonizmis (areopagitikis saxiT) da sxva

1 S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 151.2 iqve, gv. 152.

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mraval msgavs sistemebsa Tu moZRvrebebs kidev didxans – aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi mouwevdaT `CrdilSi yofna~.

bolos unda iTqvas, rom S. nucubiZe sxva bevr mecnie-rul siaxlesTan erTad, qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenis safuZvliani kvlevis damwyebia CvenSi.

qarTul kulturaze areopagituli moZRvrebis gavle-nis kvleva axal safexurze aiyvana S. xidaSelma. kerZod, man `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesabamisi strofebisa Tu striqonebis analiziT aCvena maTi aucilebeli ideuri kavSiri areopagi-tikasTan. am sakiTxebs xidaSelma araerTi naSromi miuZRvna da saboloo saxe misca monografiaSi – `qarTuli filoso-fiis istoria~ (1988). am naSromis is monakveTi, romelic rusTavels eZRvneba da maT Soris, areopagitikasTan `ve-fxistyaosnis~ mimarTebis sakiTxebi, srulad Sesulia qar-Tuli filosofiuri azris istoriis oTxtomeulis I tomSi (Tb., 1996), romlis erT-erTi avtoric xidaSelia. es saki-Txebi ganxilulia agreTve, mis monografiaSi – `neoplato-nizmis Teoria rusTvelologiaSi~ (Tb., 1990 gv. 84-101).

S. xidaSeli saTanadod afasebs S. nucubiZis damsaxu-rebas areopagitikis, rogorc rusTavelis filosofiuri msoflmxedevlobis wyaros dadgenis kvlevaSi da aRniSnavs, rom nucubiZis gaweuli kvleva-ZiebiT, `arsebiTad rusTave-lis wyaros Zieba am mimarTulebiT rCeboda neoplatoniz-mis Teoriis farglebSi, radgan TviT areopagitikis filo-sofiuri wyaros igive neoplatonizmi warmoadgenda~1.

S. xidaSelis SeniSvniT, amiT S. nucubiZem faqtobri-vad kvlevis didi perspeqtivebi dasaxa, kerZod: cnobili faqtia, rom neoplatonizmi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaze, maT Soris, renesansis msoflmxedvelobaze gavlenas axden-da areopagitikis meSveobiT. am ideebisa da moZraobebis kvle va da masTan rusTavelis epoqis qarTul kulturasTan

1 S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 239.

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da filosofiur viTarebasTan analogiebis Zieba nucubiZis udavo damsaxurebaa1.

S. xidaSeli imasac iTvaliswinebs, rom, roca saubaria `vefxistyaosanze~, rogorc filosofiur poemaze, arse-bobs erTi mTavari saSiSroeba, rom rusTavelze vilapa-rakoT rogorc filosofosze. maSin, roca rusTavelisa da misi Semoqmedebis arsi da mTavari xibli mis mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSia. amitomac avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom rusTavelis mizans sulac ar Seadgens filosofiuri Teo-riis poeturi gansaxiereba da mis SemoqmedebaSi filoso-fiuri Teoria win ar uswrebs mxatvrul asaxvas. xidaSelis Tumca kategoriuli, magram marTebuli azriT, rusTavelis `...mTavar mizans sinamdvilis asaxva, mxatvruli ganzogade-ba Seadgens da Tavis msoflmxedvelobas gamoxatavs, pir-vel yovlisa, mxatvruli azrovnebis saSualebiT. Semoqme-debis am sferoSi rusTavelis adgili da misi genialobisa da originalobis farglebic umTavresad mxatvruli azro-vnebiT aris gansazRvruli~2.

S. xidaSelis aRniSvniT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ filosofiu-ri ideebisa da maTi warmomavlobis Zieba ar niSnavs poe-mis filosofiuri TeoriiT `galeqsvas~. Tavis SeniSvnebs rusTavelis poemis filosofiuri ideebis Sesaxeb avtori ase amTavrebs: `is utyuari faqti, rom rusTaveli pirvel-yovlisa poetia, xolo misi damokidebuleba samyarosadmi pirvel yovlisa – esTetikuri – arsebiTad cvlis saqmis viTarebas da arkvevs filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis ad-gils rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi~3.

S. xidaSeli ixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ strofebidan iseT adgilebs, romelTa kavSiri areopagitul moZRvrebas-Tan eWvgareSea.

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 239.2 iqve, gv. 247.3 iqve.

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àra viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa,miT viswavlebdiT, mogveces SerTva z e s T m w y o b r T a

w y o b i s a ~ .àr cocxal viyo, ras maqnev, ra davrCe, xelsa mxdi ra-

sas damSlian Cemni kavSirni, SevrTvivar sulTa s i r a s a ~.S. xidaSelis azriT, am striqonebSi kargad Cans rusTa-

velis Sexeduleba arsis, rogorc `mwyobrTa wyobis siras~ neoplatonur-areopagituli warmomavloba. swored neo-platonizmsa da gansakuTrebiT areopagitikaSi boroteba ganisazRvreba mxolod sikeTesTan dapirispirebaSi da pre-dikatebiT: umizezoba, umiznoba, uarsoba, ukeTuroba da a. S. yoveli am gansazRvrebis sapirispirod ki, moiazreba mxolod dadebiTi forma – sikeTe1.

S. xidaSeli sxvadasxva avtorTan kamaTSi msjelobis sagnad ixdis borotebis arsebobis sakiTxs areopagitika-sa da `vefxistyaosanSi~. misi SeniSvniT, boroteba realur sinamdvileSi arsebobs, magram arsebobs rogorc sikeTis kleba, SemTxveviToba da ara rogorc substancia. es asea areopagitikaSi da rusTavelTan2.

S. xidaSelis naSromis is adgilebi, sadac ganxilulia vefxistyaosniseuli `mziani Rame~ da ùJamo Jami~, gansaku-Trebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs. igi sxvadasxva avtorTa (m. gogiberiZe, g. imedaSvili, a. sarajiSvili, k. kekeliZe, v. nozaZe, g. nadiraZe, g. wereTeli, m. gigineiSvili) Tval-sazrisebis kritikuli ganxilvis Semdeg ayalibebs sakuTar pozicias aRniSnuli cnebebis Sesaxeb.

manamde ki S. xidaSeli aRniSnavs, rom `mziani Ramis~ Sesaxeb swori Sexeduleba hqonda Teimuraz bagrations (1782-1846), romelic ganmartebis dros amodis im filoso-fiuri moZRvrebidan, romlis mixedviTac RmerTs, rogorc adamianze zeaRmatebulsa da miuwvdomels, `goneba kacisa...

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 266.2 iqve, gv. 270.

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ver miswvdeba bunebiTa da arsebiTa~1. Teimuraz bagrationi mokle da zogadi komentariT ifargleba da arc im filo-sofiur moZRvrebas asaxelebs da arc mis avtors, – aRniS-navs xidaSeli.

S. xidaSelis azriT, am mimarTebiT kvleva-Zieba, samwu-xarod, ascda Teimuraz bagrationis sworad miniSnebul gzas da Sedegad miviReT is, rom `mziani Rame~ – es erTerTi SesaniSnavi poeturi metafora – mecnierTa erTi nawilis mier miCneul iqna `srul uazrobad~, àdvilad SesamCnev ucnaurobad~, `yalbismqnelis naxelavad~, `nonsensad~, àb-solutur uazrobad~ da a. S.

S. xidaSeli kritikulad ixilavs `mziani Ramisa~ da ùJamo Jamis~ cnebebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva avtorTa Tval-sazrisebs da sabolood midis im daskvnamde, rom `...rus-Tvelologia saukuneze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi imyofebo-da `mziani Ramis~ garkvevis TvalsazrisiT araswori Ziebis gzaze~2. amis mTavari mizezi ki iyo am sakiTxSi Teimuraz bagrationis mier moniSnuli swori gzidan dacileba. arada, es iyo erTaderTi swori gza, romelic ara mxolod `mziani Ramis~ axsnis safuZvels iZleva.

S. xidaSeli aRniSnuli cnebebis arsis gasarkvevad miu-Reblad da arasworad miiCnevs iseT azrs, romelic gvxdeba sxvadasxva mkvlevarTan, kerZod: RmerTi rogorc yvelafris safuZveli da Semqmneli mzea (naTeli – areopagitikaSi), xolo, rogorc Seumecnebeli, miuRweveli da miuwvdomeli – Ramea (bneli – areopagitikaSi). Tumca aq aris mcire Seu-sabamoba xidaSelis mosazrebebSi. igi yovelgvari SeniSvnis gareSe iwonebs `mziani Ramis~ Sinaarsis amgvarad gagebul Teimuraz bagrationis msgavs Tvalsazriss3.

S. xidaSeli rusTavelis `mziani Ramis~ arsis Sesaxeb, rac vrceldeba ùJamo Jamis~ cnebazec, ise lakoniurad

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 278.2 iqve, gv. 288.3 iqve, gv. 278.

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da amomwuravad msjelobs, rom am adgilis damowmebis Se-mdeg, vfiqrobT, misi pozicia yovelgvari komentaris ga-reSec cxadia: `rusTaveli imdenad Rrmadaa gacnobierebu-li moZRvrebaSi, saidanac `mziani Rame~ momdinareobs, rom amodis am TvalnaTlivi saxis moazrebis yvelaze rTuli da amave dros, Taviseburi Sexedulebidan naTelisa da bne-lis, `mzianisa~ da `Ramis~ gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. rusTave-lis `mziani Rame~ araa arc calke aRebuli naTeli (mze) da misi warmodgena, arc calke aRebuli bneli (Rame) da misi warmodgena. esaa erTi mTliani warmodgena, romelSic na-Teli da bneli erTmaneTs emTxveva, iseve rogorc RmerTSi erTmaneTs emTxveva arseboba da ararseboba, codna damya-rebuli mis arsebobaze yoveliveSi, codnas damyarebuls ararsebobaze arsad~.1

rusTavelis es Tvalsazrisi, xidaSelis SeniSvniT, pir-dapir kavSirSia areopagitikasTan, rom am moZRvrebaSi mocemuli RmerTis dadebiTi (katafatikuri) da uaryofi-Ti (apofatikuri) daxasiaTeba swored aseTad warmoadgens RmerTs. dadebiTi daxasiaTebis mixedviT, RmerTi naTelia, xolo apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebuli RmerTi aris gaurkveveli da bneli. xidaSeli aq ar Cerdeba da mra-valmxriv sayuradRebo SeniSvnas akeTebs: `magram amiT ar amoiwureba saboloo pasuxi kiTxvaze. cal-calke aRebuli `naTeli~ da `bneli~ dapirispirebul mimarTebaTa gamoxa-tulebaa. `mziani Rame~ ki erTi cnebaa da problema dapi-rispirebuli warmodgenebis gaerTianebaSi da misi onto-logiuri safuZvlebis dasabuTebaSia. es niSnavs amave dros imis dasabuTebas, rom `mziani Rame~ aris coincidentia opposito-rum da ara contradictio in adjecto.2

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, xidaSelis azriT, rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~ mocemuli `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ gamoxatavs RmerTs, romelic, rogorc umaR-

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 288.2 iqve, gv. 289.

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lesi arseba, Tavis TavSi moicavs dapirispirebul mxareebs da sakuTriv maRla dgas yovelgvar dapirispirebaze. msgav-si viTarebaa areopagitikaSi, sadac RmerTi maRla dgas yo-velgvari dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebiT miRebul codnaze. am sakiTxSi rusTaveli amodis areopagitikidan da poemis cnobil strofSi ityvis:

`he, mzeo, vin xatad gTqves m z i a n i s a R a m i s a d , erT-arsebisa, erTisa, mis u J a m o s a J a m i s a d , vis gmorCileben cierni, erTis iotis wamisad, bedsa nu micvli, miaje Seyramdis Cemad da misad! v i s s x a t a d R m r T i s a d g i t y v i a n f i l o s o f o s n i w i n a n i ~ .avtori, e. i. rusTaveli TviTon miuTiTebs misi am sa-

xeebis wyaroze `filosofosni winani~-ze. sakmarisia gavi-xsenoT, Tu vin iyvnen is filosofosebi, romlebic mzes RmerTis xatad Tvlidnen da Zneli ar iqneba imis garkveva, Tu vin igulisxmebian `filosofosni winani~-Si.

mzes RmerTis xatad miiCnevdnen neoplatonikosebi da maT Soris, qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomadgeneli fsevdo-dionise areopageli. amasTan, RmerTisa da mzis analogiis cnobili Tvalsazrisi fsevdo-dionisem gansaku-Trebul simaRleze aiyvana. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom `ve-fxistyaosanSi~ kardinalur sakiTxze damowmebulia `brZeni divnosi~ – fsevdo-dionise areopageli – da ara sxva vinme, safuZvels gvaZlevs `filosofosni winani~-Si vigulisxmoT neoplatonikosebi, zogadad da fsevdo-dionise, kerZod.

msgavsi viTarebaa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ ùJa-mo Jamis~ cnebasTan mimarTebiTac. saerTo TvalsazrisiT, rusTavelis ùJamo Jami~ aris RmerTi da amgvarad gagebul ùJamo Jams~ pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs areopagitikasTan.

areopagitikaSi dapirispirebuli predikatebi, S. xi-daSelis marTebuli aRniSvniT, RmerTis mistikuri wvdo-mis safexurze `moixsneba~, roca RmerTi xasiaTdeba àrca saukune, arca Jami~, àrca sidede, arca simcire~, igi àrca

376

dgas, arca iZvris~ da a. S. aqedan xidaSeli aseTi Semaja-mebel daskvnas akeTebs: `magram amas rusTavelis ùJamo Jamis~ garkvevisaTvis is mniSvneloba eniWeba, rom rusTa-velis damokidebulebas areopagitikisagan kidev erTi mniS-vnelovani TvalsazrisiT adasturebs. aq ki sakmarisia imis dadgena, rom àreopagitikaSi~ ùJamo~ da `Jami~ garkveulia rogorc erTimeoris sapirispiro cnebebi da orive maTga-ni miewereba pirvelmizezs; gamarTlebulia da dasabuTe-buli RmerTis warmodgena, rogorc ùJamosi~ da rogorc `Jamisa~.1

rusTavelis filosofiur msoflmxedvelobaze S. xida-Selis mosazrebebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia panTeiz-mis sakiTxs. avtori panTeizmis cnebaSi moiazrebs RmerTi-sa da samyaros erTianobas da ara igiveobas. ase gagebuli panTeizmi, xidaSelis azriT, gvxdeba, neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikaSi. avtors rusTavelis panTeizmis wyarod ne-oplatonizmi miaCnia da radganac areopagitika neoplato-nuri Zeglia, isic SeiZleba CaiTvalos rusTavelis msofl-mxedvelobis wyarod, roca panTeizmzea saubari.

`vefxistyaosnis~ `mziani Ramis~ cneba da misi warmoma-vloba sagangebod ganixila cnobilma emigrantma mecnier-rusTvelologma viktor nozaZem (1893-1975).

avtori sxvadasxva naSromSi, sxvadasxva adgilas sak-maod vrclad ganixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ `mziani Ramis~ cnebasa da mis sxvadasxva aspeqts. aRniSnavs, rom RmerTisa da mzis analogia gvxdeba rogorc aleqsandriul filoso-fiaSi (mag., filonTan), ise neoplatonizmSi da ès aleqsan-driuli da neoplatonuri skolis Sexeduleba mzis xato-bis Sesaxeb Sevida da damkvidrda qristianul Teologiur literaturaSic~2.

1 S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 97.2 v. nozaZe. vefxistyaosnis mzismetyveleba. TxzulebaTa sruli

krebuli aT tomad. guram SaraZis saerTo redaqciiT. Tb., 2006, III t. gv. 381.

377

v. nozaZe CamoTvlis im filosofosebs, romlebic, ro-gorc `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxsenebi `filosofosni winani~, mzes RmerTis xatad miiCnevdnen. maT Soris arian rogorc neoplatonikosebi, ise warmarTi, iudeveli, muslimi da qristiani filosofosebi. avtori CamoTvlilTa Soris sa-gangebod gamoyofs fsevdo-dionise areopagels, misive aR-niSvniT `vefxistyaosnis~ divnoss, `es aris dionisios are-opagita~, vtnis (`vefxistyaosnis~, – m. m.) divnosi, romlis SexedulebiTac RmerTi aris mzis naTeli. misi azriT, mze aris xati RmrTisa, simbolo RmrTisa...~1~

v. nozaZe sagangebod Cerdeba `vefxistyaosnis~ brZen divnosze – fsevdo-dionise areopagelze da amas igi xsnis im faqtoriT, rom divnosi (fsevdo-dionise areopageli, – m. m.) aris qristiani filosofosi da Teologosi da igi vefxistya osanSia dasaxelebuli. amis Semdeg avtori aanali-zebs areopagituli traqtatis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ umniSvnelovanesi me-4 Tavis sawyis qveTavebs, romelSic mocemulia RvTisa da mzis analogia, daxasiaTebulia pir-veli erTi (RmerTi), rogorc saxiereba (sikeTe), romlisga-nac yvelaferi warmoiSoba da masve ukuubrundeba2.

v. nozaZis es analizi ZiriTadad RvTismetyvelebis poziciidan aris Sesrulebuli. maSin, roca `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~-Si mocemuli RvTis da mzis analogia, masSi mocemuli filosofiuri Sinaarsis gamo, saukuneebis gan-mavlobaSi gamxdara azrTa sxvadasxvaobis (maqsime aRmsare-beli, Toma akvineli, hainrix veertci da sxv.) sagani.

v. nozaZe ganixilavs sakiTxs – `mze – xati RmrTisa~ saerTod, filosofiuri debulebaa Tu Teologiuri, ker-Zod. avtori manamde amtkicebs, rom es ar aris astrolo-giuri debuleba.

v. nozaZe aRniSnavs, rom am mimoxilvebma igi daarwmuna, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ filosofiur-Teologiuri debuleba

1 v. nozaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 381.2 iqve, gv. 381-385.

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mzeze, rogorc RvTis xatze, aris qristianuli. amas ki imiT asabuTebs, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ Teologia aris qristian-uli da `Tavis Tavad mzis xatobac aris qristianuli de-buleba; radgan mze aris xati RmrTisa; mze aris xati `mzi-ani Ramisa~; mze aris xati `erTarsebisa erTisa~; xolo es `erTarseba erTi~ ki aris `wmida sameba~, rac TavisTavad cxadia, aris qristianuli Teologiis debuleba~1.

saintereso Tvalsazrisia. Tumca, aq yuradRebis gamax-yuradRebis gamax- gamax-gamax-vileba mxolod qristianobasa da qristianul msoflmxed- mxolod qristianobasa da qristianul msoflmxed-velobaze, safuZvels moklebulia. Tundac imis gaTval-iswinebiT, rom v. nozaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ erTarsebaSi gulisxmobs qristianul samebas, rac kvlevis dRevandeli donis gaTvaliswinebiT realobas ar Seesabameba.

revaz TvaraZem (1928-2006) specialuri statia miuZRvna areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTe-bas2.

r. TvaraZe statiis dasawyisSi fsevdo-dionisesa da rusTavels Soris organuli kavSiris mikvlevas S. nucubi-Zis `saSviliSvilo damsaxurebad~ miiCnevs da CamoTvlis nu-cubiZis mTavar Sromebs. swored am SromebSi, avtoris az-riT, myar mecnierul safuZvelze Camoyalibebulia is gza, romelic gaiara rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis Semzadebis Tvalsazrisma3.

r. TvaraZe areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxed-velobis mimarTebis kvlevisas mravalricxovan paraleleb-sa da Sedarebebs CamoTvlis areopagituli moZRvrebidan da `vefxistyaosnidan~. avtori aRniSnavs, rom areopagitu-li moZRvreba Seicavs neoplatonizmis TiTqmis yvela Ziri-Tad debulebas. swored amaSi xedavs igi siZneles, radganac Tuki areopagitikas neoplatonur Zeglad miviCnevT, xolo

1 v. nozaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 386.2 r. TvaraZe. TxuTmetsaukunovani mTlianoba. Tb., 1985, gv. 255-

256. 3 iqve, gv. 255.

379

rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobas qristianizmis wiaRSi aR-mocenebulad, am SemTxvevaSi an areopagituli moZRvreba unda miviCnioT qristianobis apologetad, `an kidev unda uarvyoT rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis ase Tu ise damoki-debuleba areopagelis moZRvrebaze~1.

es SeniSvna r. TvaraZis statias Tavidan bolomde gas-devs. avtori cdilobs daasabuTos, rom areopagitika ar-sebiTad qristianuli Zeglia. igi areopagituli moZRvre-bidan araerT Tvalsazriss, debulebas Tu ideas imowmebs da asabuTebs, rom areopagituli ideebi ki ar upirispird-eba qristianul msoflmxedvelobas, piriqiT, Seesabameba mas. ase magaliTad, areopagituli `gaRmrTobis idea ara-viTar SemTxvevaSi ar ewinaaRmdegeba RmerTis gankacebis qristianul moZRvrebas. saqme swored piriqiTaa: RmerTad qmnis areopagituli idea uSualod qristianobis wiaRidan aris amozrdili~2.

msgavs viTarebas xedavs TavaraZe, roca ganixilavs are-opagitul `saRmrTo trfialebasa~ da areopagitul mis-alebasa~ da areopagitul mis-lebasa~ da areopagitul mis-tikas. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi areopagitul moZRvrebas warmoadgens mxolod, rogorc qristianul mso-flmxedvelobas. maSin, roca areopagituli mistika Tavisi Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTiT axlosaa da davale-bulia plotines misticizmisgan, razec saubari gvqonda winamdebare gamokvlevis III TavSi ($2).

am winaswari SeniSvnebis Semdeg r. TvaraZe exeba uSual-od areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mima-rTebas. Tumca meti sicxadisTvis avtori kvlav ubrundeba areopagitikisa da qristianobis mimarTebis sakiTxs, imo-wmebs adgilebs areopagitikidan da sabolood akeTebs daskvnebs areopagituli moZRvrebis qristianul xasiaTze. Tumca, isic unda iTqvas, rom avtoris es msjelobebi xSirad aradamajerebelia, gansakuTrebiT, roca igi exeba RmerTis

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 260.2 iqve, gv. 263.

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gasvlas sinamdvileSi, yvelgan yofnas da a. S.1 amis naTeli magaliTia avtoris Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: àse Seirwymis fsevdo-dionise areopagelis naazrevSi antikuri filoso-fia, neoplatonizmi da qristianoba. ufro sworad – qris-tianoba ivseba da ukeT sabuTdeba antikuri filosofiisa da neoplatonizmis monapovrebiT~2.

areopagitikaSi mocemuli es winaaRmdegobrivi debule-bebi ufro sxva midgomasa da sxva axsnas saWiroebs, rasac areopagitikis filosofiuri problemebis ganxilvisas sak-mao adgili davuTmeT da aq masze aRar SevCerdebiT.

r. TvaraZe ixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ sawyis strofs – `romelman Seqmna samyaro...~ da sityvaSi `romelman~ marTe-bulad gulisxmobs RmerTs. xolo Semdeg taepSi – `zegard-mo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa~ da `zegardmo arsni~-Si kiTxulobs ciur arsebebs da rusTavelTan, sab-olood samyaros ierarqiul wyobas xedavs, romelic axlos dgas samyaros areopagitul modelTan3.

r. TvaraZe aseve ganixilavs sxva adgilebs `vefxistya-osnidan~ da yvelgan xedavs qristianul models. amave dros, avtori ar exeba rusTaveliseul èrTarseba erTs~, `mzian Rames~, ùJamo Jams~, romelTa kavSiri areopagiti-kasTan eWvgareSea da, rac mTavaria, am winaaRmdegobrivi cnebebis Sinaarsi ver eteva qristianuli msoflmxedvelo-bis CarCoebSi da mis gasagebad aucileblia filosofiis moSvelieba. miT umetes, rom TviT rusTaveli gveubneba, rom amis Sesaxeb `filosofosni winani~ gveubnebiano.

r. TvaraZis saintereso SeniSvniT, qarTuli kultura myarad uWerda mxars soflis (amqveyniuris) da zesTa sof-lis (imqveyniuris) mTlianobas, samyaros harmoniulobis areopagitul Tvalsazriss4. saintereso da misaRebi azria,

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 269.2 iqve, gv. 271.3 iqve, gv. 275.4 iqve, gv. 279.

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Tumca es areopagituli Tvalsazrisi ufro filosofiuri (neoplatonuri) datvirTvisaa, vidre qristianuli da igi ver iguebs RmerTis transcendentizms, ris dasabuTebasac cdilobs avtori.

msgavsi viTarebaa siyvarulis rusTaveliseul Teoria-aveliseul Teoria-veliseul Teoria-sTan mimarTebaSic, romelic, TvaraZis azriT, ki ar ewi-naaRmdegeba platonis siyvarulis Teorias, aramed misi areopagituli gaazrebis ilustraciaa, rac srulad Se-esabameba `vefxistyaosnis~ umTavres azrs – soflisa da zesoflis harmonias1.

statiis dasasruls r. TvaraZe areopagitul gavlenas xedavs daviT guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi da amas saTanadod asabuTebs kidec. statias avtori sayuradRebo daskvniT amTavrebs: `ase aRorZinda fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da rusTavelis ideebi meTvramete saukunis qarTul poeziaSi. oRond es iyo am naTeli msoflmxedvelobis TiTqmis uka-naskneli gamobrwyineba. msgavsi ram erTxel kidev gakrTa baraTaSvilis, agreTve vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi, xolo Sem-deg qarTuli azrovneba, rogorc cnobilia, sul sxva sadi-nars gahyva da soflisa da zesTasoflis mimarTebis prob-lemac saerTod moixsna dRis wesrigidan~2.

areopagitikasTan `vefxistyaosnis~ ideur kavSirs exe-ba zurab kiknaZe werilSi – `dionisesa da kronosis gamo `vefxistyaosanSi~3. werilSi avtori akritikebs mkvlevar d. qumsiSvilis Sexedulebebs `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxseneb `brZeni divnosis~ Sesaxeb.

z. kiknaZis aRniSvniT, d. qumsiSvils ar akmayofilebda dResdReobiT yvelaze ufro argumentirebuli S. nucubi-Zis azri, romlis Tanaxmadac `brZeni divnosi~ aris fsev-do-dionise areopageli da `divnoss~ aigivebs sxva strofSi

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 281.2 iqve, gv. 286.3 z. kiknaZe. `dionisesa da kronosis gamo `vefxistyaosanSi~.

`ciskari~, 1969, #11, gv. 119-122.

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naxseneb `dionosTan~ da orive maTganSi Zveli berZnuli mi-Tologiis RmerTs dionises gulisxmobs1.

z. kiknaZe damajereblad aCvenebs d. qumsiSvilis Sexed-ulebebis usafuZvlobas da mTlianad iziarebs S. nucubiZis Tvalsazriss: `sayovelTaod miRebulia is azric, rom poemas areopagituli moZRvrebis Zlieri kvali atyvia. akad. S. nu-cubiZem cxadyo qarTuli filosofiuri azris gansakuTre-buli interesi am problematikisadmi. amitom SemTxveviTi ar unda yofiliyo am saidumloebiT moculi wignebis avto-ris xseneba rusTavelis poemaSi. `brZeni divnosis~ xsenebas amarTlebs TviT poemis dedaarsi (calkeuli gamonaTqvamis garda), masSi gatarebuli filosofiur-eTikuri azri, rom boroteba uxanoa (TviT qarTul TqmaSic `uxano~ yovelTvis borotebas gulisxmobs), rom mas TavisTavad arseboba ar aqvs da mxolod arasrulyofili sikeTisagan iSveba. arc ise cxadia borotebis arsisa da gaCenis sakiTxi; igi empiri-uli sinamdvilis miRma ifareba. es rom Tavidanve cxadi yo-filiyo yvelasaTvis, arc daiwereboda rusTavelis poema, ufro sworad, ar daiwereboda amgvari `vefxistyaosani~, igi ukeTes SemTxvevaSi empiriuli sinamdvilis asaxva iqne-boda mxolod~.2

mkvlevari elguja xinTibiZe araerT naSromSi Se-exo rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebas antikur filosofiasTan, qristianobasTan, neoplatonizmTan da maT Soris, areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. igi im qarTvel mec nierTa ricxvSia, vinc aRiarebs areopagitikis gavlenas rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobaze da masSi mocemuli umniS-emuli umniS- umniS-vnelovanesi ideebis arsebobas `vefxistyaosanSi~.

e. xinTibiZis mravalwliani kvleva-Zieba am mimarTebiT erTgvari Sejamebis saxiT gadmocemulia mis bolo funda-mentur naSromSi – `vefxistyaosnis ideur-msoflmxedvelo-biTi samyaro~ (2009).

1 z. kiknaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 119.2 iqve.

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e. xinTibiZis mosazrebebidan unda gamovyoT erTi mo-menti. avtori miiCnevs, rom aristotelesTan rusTavelis mimarTebis kvleva sulac ar gulisxmobs neoplatonizmTan amgvari mimarTebis uaryofas an, piriqiT1.

avtori arerTgzis aRniSnavs areopagituli moZRvrebis ideebis arsebobas rusTavelis filosofiur msoflmxed-velobaSi, Tundac sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmima-rTebaze, kerZod, borotebis arasubstanciurobaze. es aris areopagitikidan `...momdinare neoplatonizmisa da gvian-del Sua saukuneebSi aristotelianuris saxeliT cnobili metafizikuri azrovnebisa da misi maRalganviTarebuli qrisitanuli Teologiis bazaze gaazreba~ da maTi sinTezi2.

rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitikasTan rusTavelis mso-flmxedvelobis mimarTebis kvlevisas, mkvlevarTa umrav-lesoba, rogorc wesi, exeba `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxseneb `mziani Ramisa~ da `UuJamo Jamis~ cnebebs. e. xinTibiZe kri-tikulad ganixilavs araerTi avtoris (k. kekeliZe, m. gigi-neiSvili, m. rafava da sxv.) Sexedulebas da akeTebs erTob sayuradRebo daskvnebs, kerZod, igi ar iziarebs `mziani Ramis~ imgvar gagebas, romlic Tanaxmadac, am cnebaSi ig-ulisxmeba ieso qriste.

avtori exeba cnobili rusi Teologis, areopagituli traqtatis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ rusulad mTargmne-lis iRumen genadis (eikaloviCi) werils, romelic viktor nozaZis SekiTxvaze pasuxia. werilSi genadi eikaloviCi `mziani Ramis~ cnebasac exeba da mas katafatikisa da apo-fatikis simbolod miiCnevs, kerZod: `mze aris dadebiTi simbolo RmrTeebisa (RvTiurobisa), xolo Rame ki (ufro xSirad – wyvdiadi RvTiuri sibnele) – aris uaryofadi simbolo~3.

1 e. xinTibiZe. rusTavelis ideur-msoflmxedvelobiTi samyaro. Tb., 2009, gv. 41.

2 iqve, gv. 69.3 iqve, gv. 260.

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eikaloviCis saboloo daskvnis mixedviT, mTeli neopla-tonuri filosofiis warmomadgenelTa da yvela mistikosis Sromebi savsea naTlisa da wyvdiadis simbolikiT.

rogorc vxedavT, eikaloviCi rusTavelis `mziani Ramis~ safuZvels neoplatonikosTa da mistikosTa azrebSi xedavs, magram ar akonkretebs romelime avtoris saxels. imis gaT-valiswinebiT, rom areopagituli moZRvreba neoplatonu-ric aris da mistikuric, eikaloviCis naazrevSi TavisTavad SeiZleba fsevdo-dionises saxelis amokiTxva.

e. xinTibiZis aRniSvniT, yvelafris miuxedavad `mziani Ramis~ cnebis swori gageba mainc ver moxerxda. eikalo-viCis ganmartebis miuxedavad, am gamonaTqvamSi mas mainc miewera aSkara miniSneba qristeze. amitomac aucilebeli gaxda kidev erTxel mibruneba am sakiTxze, romelic S. xi-daSelis gamokvlevaSi – `vefxistyaosnis erTi adgili are-opagitikis TvalsazrisiT~ ganxorcielda. xidaSelis àm naSromSi rusTavelis `mziani Rame~ da ùJamo Jami~ ganxi-lulia swored am moZRvrebis fonze, romelic filosofi-urad asabuTebs RvTaebis am saxelebs. aseTi moZRvreba aris areopagitika~1.

e. xinTibiZe, ZiriTadad `mziani Ramis~ cnebis ganxilvis safuZvelze, areopagitikas rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis erT-erT mTavar wyarod miiCnevs. avtoris es daskvna imde-nad mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia, rom mas srulad vimowmebT: àmrigad, mziani Rame aris uzenaesi arsebis erTi saxeli, romelic emyareba bibliis Zvel komentatorTa Sromebs da Seqmnilia TeologiaSi cnobili meTodiT – katafatika-apo-fatikis, anu RvTaebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi saxelebis gaerTianebis gziT. am meTodis filosofiuri dasabuTeba warmodgenilia areopagitikaSi. es ki kidev ufro naTels xdis imas, rom mziani Rame katafatikur-apofatikuri saxe-

1 e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 262.

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lia, ramdenadac is garemoeba, rom areopagitika rusTve-lis erT-erTi wyaroa, sadavo aRar aris~1.

avtors es mainc ar akmayofilebs da agrZelebs wiaRs-vlebs da aRniSnavs: amgvar meTods (katafatika-apofatika) mimarTavs orTodoqsuli qristianoba, neoplatonizmi, in-duri religiuri filosofia da sxv. faqtobrivad erT-maneTs emTxveva rusTavelis `mziani Rame~ da heraklites `dRe-Rame~. magram e. xinTibiZe am sakiTxSi sabolood `vefxistyaosnis~ wyarod areopagitul moZRvrebas miiCnevs da Tavisi poziciis marTebulobas sami damajerebeli argu-mentiT amagrebs:

`1. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis moZRvreba rusTvelis epoqaSi qarTul enaze Targmnili da qarTul sazogadoe-baSi, Tamaris samefo karze, popularuli iyo.

2. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mieraa Semotanili es meTodi qristianul TeologiaSi da yvelaze naTladaa igi dasabuTebuli.

3. rusTveli icnobs, asaxelebs da sxva SemTxvevaSic ey-rdnoba fsevdo-dionise areopagels.

amgvarad, vefxistyaosnis `mziani Rame~ aris uzenaesi arsebis, erTi RmerTis katafatikur-apofatikuri saxeli~2.

msgavsi azrebi aqvs gamoTqmuli e. xinTibiZes `vefxis-tyaosanSi~ naxseneb ùJamo Jamis~ cnebazec. avtori ar iziarebs m. gigineiSvilisa da m. rafavas mosazrebebs. gig-ineiSvils ar eTanxmeba imis Taobaze, rom ùJamo JamSi~ ieso qriste igulisxmeba, xolo rafavas imaSi, rom es cneba (ùJamo Jami~) ar aris RmerTis saxeli3.

Tavis mxriv, avtori ùJamo Jamis~ wyarod areopagiti-kas Tvlis da myari argumentebiT asabuTebs Tavis Tval-sazriss. àmrigad, vefxistyaosnis uJamo Jami aris uzenaesi

1 e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 262.2 iqve, gv. 264.3 iqve, gv. 269.

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arsebis, RmerTis katafatikur-apofatikuri saxeli da ara maincdamainc samebis meore hipostazis – qristes saxeli~1.

e. xinTibiZis am gamokvlevaSi patara, magram sagangebo Tavia Setanili saTauriT – `areopagitika da rusTaveli~. avtori naSromis am monakveTSi imeorebs im mTavar azrs, rusTavelisTvis areopagituli moZRvrebis didi mniSvnelo-bis Sesaxeb. magram, Tuki `mziani Ramisa~ da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebis, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis, katafatiki-is, katafatiki-s, katafatiki-i-sa da apofatikis wyaroebis kvlevisas, avtori uSualod areopa gitikaze miuTiTebs, saerTo viTarebis ganxilvisas areali farTovdeba. kerZod, rusTavelis filosofiuri wyaroebis garkvevisas Tavis adgils miuCens platonizm-is garkvevisas Tavis adgils miuCens platonizm- garkvevisas Tavis adgils miuCens platonizm-garkvevisas Tavis adgils miuCens platonizm- Tavis adgils miuCens platonizm-s miuCens platonizm- miuCens platonizm-ens platonizm-s platonizm-sac da aristotelesac. metic aq, avtori ukve saubrobs rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobaSi aristotelizmisa da neo-platonizmis sinTezze2.

e. xinTibiZis azriT, rusTavelisTvis areopagitikis mniSvnelobis gasagebad angariSi unda gaewios imas, rom `vefxistyaosanSi~ areopagitika motanilia aristoteles bazaze. `rusTavelis filosofiuri wyaro rom mxolod areopagitika yofiliyo aristotelizmis gareSe, maSin rusTvelis azrovnebaSi renesansuli araferi iqneboda da areopagelic albaT gaazrebuli iqneboda iseve orTo-doqsul-qristianulad, rogorc gaigo da miiRo igi qris-tianulma eklesiam~3.

aq avtori paralels avlebs rusTavelisa da dantes Semoqmedebas Soris da aRniSnavs, rom dante emyareba pla-tonsac, aristotelesac, fsevdo-dionisesac, magram pir-vel adgilze mainc aristoteles ayenebs.

aristoteles, fsevdo-dionisesa da rusTavelis Semoq-medebis arsis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. xinTibiZis es azri Cven sadavod migvaCnia. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom iseTi prin-

1 e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 271.2 iqve, gv. 729.3 iqve, gv. 730.

387

cipuli da kardinaluri sakiTxis, rogoricaa – sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis gansjisas, rusTaveli areopagi-tikas mimarTavs, xolo mniSvnelovani Tezis – RmerTi, ro-gorc `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ wyarod moxseniebul – `filosofosni winani~-Si yvelaze metad neoplatonikosebi da areopagituli moZRvrebis avtori unda igulisxmebodes.

qarTuli kulturisTvis areopagitikis did mniS-vnelobas exeba g. TevzaZe. misi aRniSvniT, sikeTis monizmis areopagituli debuleba religiaTa da mrwamsTa SeTanxmebis safuZvels iZleoda. amasTan, sikeTis monizmis Tvalsazrisi qarTuli sinamdvilisTvis ukve cnobili iyo basili didis moZRvrebis meSveobiT. es ki, Tavis mxriv, sxva religiebSi sikeTis arsebobis safuZvels iZleoda. aRniSnulis safuZ-velze g. TevzaZe aseT sayuradRebo daskvnas akeTebs: `es daviTis (daviT aRmaSeneblis, – m. m.) Semwynareblobis Teo-riuli safuZvlis momzadeba iyo, rac petriwis filosofi-aSi kidev ufro naTlad gamoikveTa. yovelive amis safuZv-elze Seqmnil `vefxistyaosanSi~ Semwynarebloba, SeiZleba iTqvas, eris msoflmxedvelobis arsebiT Sinaarsad iqca~1.

sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze msjelobisas, g. TevzaZis azriT, basili gamokveTs Tvals-azriss – keTilma SeuZlebelia boroti dabados, `romelic areopagitikisa da petriwis gavliT rusTvelTan kristal-deba qarTul cnobierebaSi~2. aq mTavari aris is, rom avto-ris marTebuli SeniSvniT, RmerTisgan boroteba ar modis, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is substanciuri iqneboda, xolo misi Zleva – SeuZlebeli. masTan SedarebiT sul `sxvaa ada-mianis codvasTan dakavSirebuli boroteba. misi mospoba adamianzevea damokidebuli~3.

1 g. TevzaZe. Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1996, gv. 183.

2 iqve, gv. 164.3 iqve.

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gavecaniT zogadad qarTul kulturasa da kerZod, rus Tavelis msoflmxedvelobaze areopagitikis gavlenis Se saxeb qarTveli avtorebis (S. nucubiZis, S. xidaSelis, v. no zaZis, r. TvaraZis, z. kiknaZis, e. xinTibiZis, g. TevzaZis) Tval sazrisebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maT sakmaod warmate-bulad daasabuTes amgvari gavlenis ueWveloba.

amasTan, zogierTi azri misaRebia, zogierTi ki sakama-To.

ase magaliTad, S. nucubiZis Tvalsazrisi neoplato-nizmSi, areopagitikasa da rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi pan-Teisturi materializmis arsebobis Sesaxeb safuZvels mok-lebulia.

am mimarTebiT SedarebiT win gadadgmul nabijad gve-saxeba S. xidaSelis mxridan sakiTxis dakonkreteba da pan-Teizmze saubari rogorc neoplatonizmSi, ise rusTavel-Tan. magram arc es Tvalsazrisia bolomde safuZvliani, radganac rusTavelis epoqaSi, miT umetes, neoplatonizmi-sa da areopagituli Txzulebebis Seqmnis dros panTeizmi ar yofila Camoyalibebuli msoflmxedveloba. am sistemaSi, rogorc marTebulad SeniSnavda a. losevi, iyo panTeizmSi gadazrdis tendencia. ase rom, srulyofili panTeizmi arc neoplatonizmSi yofila da verc rusTavelTan iqneboda.

r. TvaraZe areopagitikasa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ msolod qristianul msoflmxedvelobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, xedavs da erTgvarad gverds uvlis wminda filosofiur (neoplatonur) ideebs, romelTa arseboba areopagitika-sa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ kvlevis dRevandeli monacemebiT, eWvgareSea. aqve aucileblad unda aRiniSnos r. TvaraZis upirvelesi damsaxureba, kerZod, man Cvens mecnierebaSi erT-erTma pirvelma scada qarTul mwerlobaze areopagi-tikis gavlenis SedarebiT sruli suraTis warmodgena, ri-Tac am mimarTebiT kvlevis axali perspeqtiva dasaxa.

e. xinTibiZis gamokvleva mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom qar-Tul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenas farTo speqtriT

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xedavs. rusTavelis garda igi aseT gavlenas amCnevs daviT guramiSvilTanac. kerZod, avtoris azriT, guramiSvilis `daviTianSi~ aSkaraa areopagitikis gavlena. am mimarTebiT igi iziarebs n. naTaZis Tvalsazriss da aRniSnavs: `dioni-se areopagelis (fsevdo-dionise, – m. m.) gavlena guramiSvi-seul mistikasac etyoba. kerZod, rogorc miTiTebulia (n. na Ta ZesTan, – m. m.), swored areopagituli filosofiis ba-zaze unda iyos Seqmnili `daviTianSi~ damowmebuli saxeli `saidumlo dRe~, rac rusTveliseuli `mziani Ramis~ Tana-fardi cnebaa~1.

aq ZiriTadad saubari gvqonda areopagituli moZRvre-bis gavlenaze `vefxistyaosansa~ da daviT guramiSvilis Se-moqmedebaSi, zogadad ki, qarTul ideologiasa da qarTuli msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom jer kidev Sua saukuneebSi fsevdo-dioniseze pirdapi-ri miTiTebaa CaxruxaZis `TamarianSi:

`mo, filosofosno, sityvaTa arsno, Tamars vaqebdeT gulis xmiersa!

dionosisgan, viT enosisgan srulni qebani am mZleT Zliersa!~

`SenTvis £mda aristoteli, dionos wignTa Sesxmani~.saerTod, kvleva-Ziebis dRevandel doneze SeiZleba

Tamamad iTqvas, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kulturaze eWvgareSea.

daviwyoT imiT, rom efrem mcire saTargmnelad ir-Cevs moZRvrebas, romelSic Teologiuris gverdiT uxvadaa qristianobisTvis miuRebeli filosofiuri (neoplatonu-ri) ideebi. ase rom, areopagituli moZRvrebis qarTulad gadaTargmnis faqti, rogorc amas S. xidaSeli aRniSnavda, TavisTavad Cveni kulturisTvis didmniSvnelovani movlena iyo, rasac ukvalod ar Cauvlia.

rogorc aRiniSna da es araerTma mkvlevarma aCvena an mianiSna, areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena aris `vefxi-

1 g. TevzaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 52.

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styaosanSi~, daviT guramiSvilTan, nikoloz baraTaSvil-Tan, vaJa-fSavelsTan, qarTul ideologiaze da a. S. magram, roca qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenis Sesaxeb aris saubari, aq upirvelesad rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ igulisxmeba.

zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusTavelis `vefxistya-osans~ Tavidan bolomde gasdevs areopagituli Tvalsazri-si sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze. amas garda, iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, rogoricaa vefxi-styaosniseuli RmerTi, rogorc `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~, aSkarad areopagituli warmomavlobisaa.

ramdenadac rusTaveli erTob iSviaTad mimarTavs avtoritetebs, amdenad, poemaSi `brZeni divnosis~ ubra-lod xsenebac ukve mniSvnelovani faqtia. magram TavisTa-vad es mniSvnelovani faqtic ki meorexarisxovani xdeba, roca vnaxavT, Tu raSi imowmebs rusTaveli fsevdo-dioni-ses. rusTavelis Tanaxmad, sikeTe maradiulia da boroteba arasubstanciuri (`RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar dabadebs...~), rac `vefxistyaosnis~ qvakuTxedia. swored am sakiTxSi imowmebs poemis avtori fsevdo-dionise areo-pagels – `brZen divnoss~.

mkvlevarTa erTi nawili miuTiTebs borotebis Sesaxeb rusTveliseuli Tvalsazrisis gansxvavebaze areopagituli Tvalsazrisisgan. am mosazrebaTa Tanaxmad, areopagitika-Si borotebis raime saxiT arseboba uaryofilia, rusTa-velTan ki ara, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi azri ar eqneboda mis winaaRmdeg brZolas (`borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~). es mosazreba ar aris swori. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi boroteba raime saxiT rom ar arsebobdes, ma-Sin gaugebari iqneboda, Tu ratom dauTmo aseTi didi adgi-li fsevdo-dionisem borotebis ararsebobis dasabuTebas1. am dasabuTebis safuZvelze ki areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gakeTebulia Semdegi daskvnebi: boroteba aris `mokleba¡

1 areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 43-58.

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keTilisagan~, `naklulevaneba keTilisa~, `borotsa yofa¡ SemTxueviTad ganiwesebodnen~ da a. S. yvelaferi es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom boroteba areopagitikaSic arse-bobs, magram is maradiuli ki araa, rogorc sikeTe, aramed SemTxveviTi. ase rom, borotebis amgvari gageba, rogoric rusTavelTan gvxdeba da romlis Zlevac SesaZlebelia, ga-mokveTiladaa mocemuli areopagitikaSic. filosofiis ena-ze es aris msjeloba borotebaze, rogorc arasubstanciur movlenaze, rogorc SemTxveviTze.

sakiTxis sicxadisTvis mcire eqskurss mivmarToT:sakuTriv ram ganapiroba Sua saukuneebis azrovneba-

Si sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmimarTebis gansaku-Trebuli interesi? am kiTxvaze pasuxisas upirvelesad unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom Sua saukune ebis msoflmxedvelobriv sistemaSi ZiriTadad damkvidrda mo-noTeisturi Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, mTeli si-namdvilis safuZvelia (Tu Semqmneli) yovlad srulyofili RmerTi, rac arsebobs RmerTis meSveobiT. borotebac xom arsebobs? ibadeba kiTxva: boroteba RmerTisgan momdina-reobs Tu mas sxva sawyisi gaaCnia? Tuki boroteba Rmer-Tis mieraa Seqmnili, maSin ra uSlida sarulyofilsa da yovlisSemZle RmerTs boroteba ar Seeqmna? am kiTxvaze sxvadasxvanairad pasuxobdnen Sua saukuneebis moazrovne-ebi, Tumca umravles SemTxvevaSi borotebas usawyisod – arasubstanciurad miiCnevdnen. magram, aRniSnulis miuxe-davad, erTni borotebas garkveul pozitiur mniSvnelobas mainc aniWebdnen da mis daSvebas aucileblad miiCnevdnen. kerZod, sikeTis gamosamJRavneblad (mag., plotine); meore-ni borotebis arsebobis faqts imiT xsnidnen, rom, saer-Tod, gamocdis gareSe araferi ar ivargebs, boroteba ki RmerTma adamianis gamocdis mizniT gaaCina (ioane damaske-li). unda iTqvas, rom ioane damaskelis es Tvalsazrisi mocemul kiTxvaze Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi erT-erTi marjve, Tumca ara saboloo pasuxia.

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CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is Tvalsazri-si, romelic borotebas usawyisod (prokle) miiCnevs. es Tvalsazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi Semoitana da daamkvidra fsevdo-dionise areopagelma. borotebis usawyi-sod da SemTxveviTad gamocxadebiT, borotebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da misi daZlevis SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. yo-velive es ki sakuTriv adamianis aqtiurobas uxsnida gzas. borotebis amgvar gagebas ki udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda humanizmis msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. rusTaveli bolomde iziarebs am Tvalsazriss, miuTiTebs mis wyaroze (fsevdo-dionise areopagelze) da xotbas asxams kidec mas poemaSi.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze Tvalsazrisi ufro adre gvxdeba basili didTan. magram proklesa da fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi imiT aris gamorCeuli, rom maTTan borotebis yovelgvari pozi-tiuri mniSvnelobaa gauqmebuli. amiT gansxvavdeba fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi meore, SedarebiT adrindeli, qristiani moRvawis – basili didis – Tvalsazrisisgan bo-rotebis arsze.

rogorc aRiniSna, azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa `vefxistyaosan-Si~ naxsenebi SesaniSnavi `poeturi metaforebis~ (S. xidaSe-li) – `mziani Ramisa~ da ùJamo Jamis~ cnebebze. TavisTavad sainteresoa am metaforebis wyaroebi, rac kvleva-Ziebam unda daadginos.

ramdenadac sakuTriv rusTaveli aRniSnul cnebebs `fi-losofosni winani~-s ukavSirebs, bunebrivia kiTxva: – ro-meli filosofiuri moZRvrebis wiaRSia mocemuli `mziani Ramis~ da ùJamo Jamis~ cnebebis Sinaarsi? daviwyoT `vefxi-styaosnis~ strofSi mocemuli èrTarseba erTia~ cnebiT. èrTarseba erTSi~ SeiZleba igulisxmebodes rogorc qri-stianulad (ese igi, religiurad), ise neoplatonurad (ese igi filosofiurad) gagebuli RmerTi. magram, radganac momdevno strofSi naTqvamia, rom mze RmerTis xatad war-

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moadgines winamavalma filosofosebma (`vis xatad RmrTi-sad gityvian filosofosni winani...~), aqedan gamomdinare, `filosofosni winani~-Si neoplatonikosebia ufro sava-raudebeli, radganac swored maTTan aris RmerTi gamor-Ceulad ise gagebuli da daxasiaTebuli, rogorc es `vefxi-styaosnis~ xsenebul strofSia warmodgenili: `yvelgan da amave dros arsad myofi~ – plotinesTan; ùxilavi naTeli~, `naTeli nisli~ – fsevdo-dionisesTan; `miuRweveli sicxa-de~ – ioane skot eriugenasTan.

Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom rusTavelis èr-Tarseba erTi~, `mziani Rame~ da ùJamo Jami~ erTi da igivea da gamoxatavs erT RmerTs, romlis xaticaa mze da Sevuda-rebT amas neoplatonikosebis ukve aRniSnul Tvalsazriss, maSin rusTavelis `filosofosni winani~-Si ufro swori iqneba neoplatonikosi filosofosebi rom vigulisxmoT, konkretulad ki, qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomad-geneli – fsevdo-dionise areopageli. miT umetes, rom rusTaveli Tavisi nawarmoebis erT-erT kardinalur – si-keTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi swored fsevdo-dionises (`brZen divnoss~) imowmebs.

aq, Cveni kvlevis interesebidan gamomdinare, kidev erTxel davubrundeT neoplatonizms. neoplatonuri fi-losofia antikurobidan Sua saukuneebze gadasvlis epoqis yvelaze mniSvnelovani filosofiuri sistemaa, romelsac gadamwyveti gavlena hqonda momdevno drois msoflmxed-velobriv mimarTulebebze. gavlena iyo rogorc qristia-nul samyaroSi (aqedan qristianuli neoplatonizmi), ise muslimurSi (magaliTad, sufizmze). saqarTvelo, romelic odiTganve dakavSirebuli iyo berZnul-bizantiur kultu-rasTan, am gavlenis sferoSi aRmoCnda.

neoplatonuri filosofia upirvelesad mniSvnelovania, rogorc renesansisa da humanizmis erT-erTi msoflmxedve-lobrivi safuZveli. ra niSniT iTvleba neoplatonizmi re-nesansis ZiriTad msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad? rogorc

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cnobilia, renesansis erT-erT mTavar moments warmoadgens amqveyniurisadmi Rirebulebis miniWeba.

swored neoplatonur filosofiaSi, romlis amosavali debulebaa RmerTisa (pirvelmizezis) da samyaros erTiano-bis idea (emanaciis principis SemotaniT ganxorcielebuli), `RmerTi miwazea Camoyvanili~. es ki xilul sinamdvile-Si RvTaebrivis `aRmoCenisa~ Tu `danaxvis~ SesaZleblo-bas uSvebda. arc is iyo SemTxveviTi, rom neoplatoniko-si plotine materiis maradiulobasa da masSi maradiuli mSvenierebis arsebobas aRiarebda. msgavsi TvalsazrisiTaa gamsWvaluli sxva neoplatonikosTa moZRvrebebic. aRni-Snulidan gamomdinare, neoplatonuri filosofia SeiZle-ba CaiTvalos xiluli sinamdvilis Rirebulebad gamocxa-debis, ukidures SemTxvevaSi erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad mainc.

axali eris pirvel saukuneebSi neoplatonizmis para-lelurad yalibdeboda qristianuli msoflmxedveloba, romelic `wminda sulis primats efuZneba~ (e. celeri), ris safuZvelzedac, upirvelesad, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia adamianis – individis – sulier samyaroze. amas efuZneba qristianuli eTika, romelsac adamianis renesansuli tipis Tvalsazrisis Camoyalibebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWe-boda. swored esaa qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis erT-erTi udidesi damsaxureba kulturis istoriaSi.

saerTod ki, rogorc qristianoba, ise neoplatonizmi, adamianis sulieri moRvaweobis aucilebeli Semadgeneli mxareebi iyo da `Tavdapirvelad qristianoba da neopla-tonizmi ar warmoSobila, rogorc urTierTsapirispiro moZRvrebebi~ (e. celeri). Semdeg ki viTareba Seicvala da TandaTanobiT es ori msoflmxedveloba mkveTrad daupi-rispirda erTmaneTs. Tumca, am dapirispirebisas isini urT-ierTzegavlenas axdendnen, ris safuZvelzec Camoyalibda qristianuli neoplatonizmi, romlis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgeneli iyo areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori.

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am mcire eqskurss imis gamo mivmarTeT, rom gveCvenebina im epoqis msoflmxedvelobrivi garemo, romelSic Seiqmna areopagituli moZRvreba. es is epoqaa, roca qristianuli msoflmxedveloba aRmavlobis gzazea, xolo neoplatoniz-mi Zalas kargavs, Tumca jer kidev fexze dgas. swored epo qam ganapiroba imgvari moZRvrebis Seqmna, romelic gad-mocemuli iyo areopagitul TxzulebebSi. am moZRvrebaSi, romelic qristianul niadagze da qristianul garemoSia Camoyalibebuli, SenarCunebuli iyo agreTve neoplaton-uri ideebi.

qarTvelma mecnierebma damajereblad aCvenes qar-Tul kulturaze areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena da mniSvneloba. magram es ar aris sakmarisi da am sakiTxis yovelmxrivi da RrmasafuZvliani kvleva momavlis saqmea.

dasasrul aRvniSnavT imasac, rom areopagituli moZ-Rvrebis gavlena yvelaze naTlad rusTavelis `vefxistyao-sanSia~ da kardinalur sakiTxebSi swored fsevdo-dionis-es damowmeba poemaSi imis dasturia, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ ZiriTadi msoflmxedvelobrivi wyaro swored areopagiti-kaa.

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saerTo daskvnebi

areopagitul moZRvrebaze saerTo azris Sesaqmnelad naSromSi gamoikveTa ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: areopagituli fi-losofia; areopagitikis mimarTeba winamaval neoplatonur filosofiasa da kapadokieli mamebis msoflmxedvelobebT-an; areopagituli gavlena.

naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom areopagitika religiur-fi-losofiuri Zeglia, romelsac udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda momdevno drois religiuri da filosofiuri msoflmxed-velobebisTvis. areopagitikaSi mocemuli filosofiuri ideebi am moZRvrebis filosofiuri analizis safuZvels iZleva.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom epoqaSi, rodesac Seiqmna areopagituli moZRvreba, filosofiuri da Teologiuri problematika mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, naSromSi ganxilulia areopagitikis rogorc Teologiuri wyaroebi, ise misi gavlena TeologTa msoflmxedvelobebze.

filosofiasTan areopagitikis mimarTebis kvlevisas dadgenil iqna am moZRvrebis mTavari filosofiuri wya-roebi (platoni, plotine, prokle). areopagituli moZ-Rvrebis filosofiuri analizisas gamoikveTa misi ZiriTa-di problemebi: moZRvreba pirvelmizezze, anu RmerTze, RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, pirvelmize-zidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSoba da masSi ukuda-bruneba, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, RmerTis misti-kuri Wvreta.

areopagituli moZRvrebis Teologiuri wyaroebidan naSromSi ganxilulia basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa da grigol noselis Tvalsazrisebi da naCvenebia areopagitul

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moZRvrebasTan maTi siaxlove da gansxvaveba. gansakuTreb-uli yuradReba daeTmo sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas basili didis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZ-RvrebaSi, RmerT-samebaze moZRvrebas grigol nazianzelis Semoqmedebasa da areopagitikaSi, Sesaqmes grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi da sxv.

areopagituli gavlenis gamokvlevis safuZvelze naCve-neb iqna am gavlenis xasiaTi. kerZod, Tuki maqsime aRm-sarebeli, ioane damaskeli da Toma akvineli areopagitikis Teologiur interpretacias ewevian da cdiloben am kuTx-iT saerTod areopagitikis Sefasebas, ioane skot eriugena da nikoloz kuzaneli fsevdo-dionises ufro filosofi-uri msoflmxedvelobiT sargebloben. rac Seexeba maist-er ekharts, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am mxriv mas Sualeduri pozicia ukavia.

naSromis bolo – me-6 Tavi qarTul kulturaze areopa-gituli moZRvrebis gavlenas exeba. filosofiuri Tvalsaz-risiT es sakiTxi nakleb mniSvnelovania. magram imis gaTval-iswinebiT, rom areopagitikas didi gavlena hqonda qarTul kulturaze, aucileblad CavTvaleT am sakiTxis ganxilva. aq gadmocemuli da kritikulad aris Sefasebuli im mkvlev-arTa (S. nucubiZe, S. xidaSeli, v. nozaZe, r. TvaraZe, g. Te-vzaZe, e. xinTibiZe) naSromebi, romlebSic sagangebod aris ganxiluli areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena, ZiriTadad, rusTavelisa da daviT guramiSvilis Semoqmedebaze.

naSromSi Seswavlili, gaanalizebuli da Sefasebulia Semdegi mTavari sakiTxebi:

1. neoplatonikosebma platonis filosofiidan aRe-bul sikeTis ideasTan gaaerTianes aristoteles Tvalsaz-risi miznobriv mizezze da Camoayalibes moZRvreba pirvel erTze, anu RmerTze, romelic mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-lia, srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, umaRlesi sikeTe da umaRlesi WeSmaritebaa.

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neoplatonuri filosofiis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) arsebebs qmnis aucileblobiT, arsebebi misgan aucileblobiT gamomdinareoben. am TvalsazrisiT neopla-tonizmSi ganmtkicda emanaciuri moZRvreba, romelic sabo-lood RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideamde midis. emanaciuri moZRvreba ki, upirispirdeba Sua saukuneebis kreacionizms, romelic aRiarebs RmerTis mier sinamdvilis Seqmnas droSi arafrisgan. swored emanaciur moZRvrebaze damyarebiT neoplatonizmi aRiarebs RmerTisa da samya-ros erTianobis Tvalsazriss, rac renesansis msoflmxed-velobas erT-erT safuZvlad daedo.

2. neoplatonizmSi aRiarebulia sikeTis absoluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciuroba. magram plotinem, pla-tonis msgavsad, boroteba mainc dauSva sikeTis bunebis gamosamJRavneblad. neoplatonizmis meore didma warmo-madgenelma proklem ki borotebis yovelgvari poziti-uri mniSvneloba gaauqma. es Tvalsazrisi gaiziara fsev-do-dionise areopagelma da daamkvidra igi qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi. swored borotebis amgvari gagebiT gansxvavdeba fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi basili didis Tvalsazrisisgan.

3. naSromSi dadgenilia areopagituli misticizmis siaxlove plotines misticizmTan da naCvenebia misi `fi-losofiur-inteleqtualuri~ xasiaTi, rac adrec iyo Se-niSnuli. areopagituli misticizmi Seicavs wminda religi-ur niSnebsac. kerZod, es kargad Cans, roca saubari exeba locvis rols RmerTis wvdomisTvis.

plotinesTan da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTis saboloo wvdoma SesaZlebelia mistikuri Wvretis safuZ-velze. plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis misti-cizmi negatiur Teologias emyareba. swored aq Cans maTi misticizmis `filosofiur-inteleqtualuri~ xasiaTi. plo-tine RmerTTan gaerTianebisaTvis moiTxovs abstraqcias, analogias, negacias, ganwmendas, locvas. areopagitika-

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Sic negacia da locva aucilebelia RmerTis wvdomisTvis. plotinesa da areopagitikaSi araa mowodebuli asketizmi da am sakiTxSic Cans am or moazrovnes Soris siaxlove. am sakiTxSi msgavsi tendencia SeiniSneba grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebaSi.

4. areopagituli moZRvreba mihyveba rogorc plotines (pirveli erTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc yvelgan myofisa da amave dros, arsad myofisa, sikeTis monizmi da borotebis arasubstanciuroba, misticizmi), ise prokles filoso-fias (azrTa msvlelobis logikuroba, arsebaTa ganlageba srulyofilebis mixedviT, triada, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelobis gauqmeba, arsebaTa aucilebeli gamomdinareoba pirvelmizezidan da ukudabruneba imave aucileblobiT).

areopagitikis originaluroba mJRavndeba negatiuri Teologiisadmi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis miniWebaSi, sikeTis miRebisas arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTebasa da ier-arqiul sistemaSi usulo arsebebisTvis adgilis miCenaSi. fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos qristian-ul msoflmxedvelobaSi borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelo-bis gauqmebis Tvalsazrisis damkvidreba da, agreTve, qris-tianobisa da neoplatonizmis sinTezis warmatebuli cda, riTac antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobis gadarCenis safuZveli momzadda.

naSromSi naCvenebia, rom proklesa da fsevdo-dionises TvalsazrisTa damTxveva xSirad erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis sargeblobiTaa ganpirobebuli.

5. areopagituli moZRvreba winamaval Teologebidan siaxloves amJRavnebs basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa da grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobebTan. rogorc basili didTan, grigol nazianzelsa da grigol noselTan, aseve fsevdo-dionisesTan RmerTi erTia, romelic mTeli sinam-dvilis safuZvelia. maT Soris gansxvaveba aris is, rom ka-padokiel mamebTan RmerTi sinamdviles qmnis arafrisgan

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(kreacionizmi), areopagitikaSi gvaqvs emanatizmi – pirvel-mizezidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT gamomdinareoba.

basili didis mixedviT, boroteba aris sikeTis kleba, asea areopagitikaSic. magram basili didis msoflmxedvelo-bisgan gansxvavebiT, areopagitikaSi borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvneloba gauqmebulia.

grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebasTan SedarebiT winga-dadgmuli nabijia fsevdo-dionises moZRvreba samebaze, roca samebis samive ipostazi warmodgenilia, rogorc zearsebuli, zeSemecnebadi da a. S.

grigol noselis mistikuri Tvalsazrisi moqceulia religiur CarCoebSi da arsebiTad gasxvavdeba plotinesa da fsevdo-dionises filosofiur-inteleqtualur misti-cizmisgan.

6. fsevdo-dionise areopagels sinamdvile, dawyebuli pirveli erTidan, damTavrebuli ugvaro da usaxo arsebe-biT, gaazrebuli aqvs rogorc erTi mTeli, sadac mkacri ierarqiaa: saTaveSia yvelaze srulyofili arseba – RmerTi, xolo boloSi usulo arsebebi. am or ukiduresobas So-ris arsebebi ganlagebulia srulyofilebis xarisxiT, rac ufro srulyofilia arseba, miT ufro axlosaa RmerTTan da, piriqiT.

areopagitikaSi RmerTis daxasiaTeba orgvarad xdeba – dadebiTad da uaryofiTad. magram es meTodebi RmerTze saboloo codnas ver iZleva, ris gamoc areopagitikaSi Semotanilia mistikuri Wvreta da, rac mTavaria da say-uradRebo, – areopagituli misticizmi `filosofiur-in-teleqtualuri~ xasiaTisaa. areopagituli misticizmis es spekulaturi xasiaTi, mis avtors – fsevdo-dionises ga-nasxvavebs Sua saukuneebis sxva Teologebisgan.

7. areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda mom-devno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebze.

1) niSandoblivia, rom wminda Teologebi (maqsime aRm-sarebeli, ioane damaskeli, Toma akvineli) areopagitikis

401

Teologiur interpretacias ewevian da, rac maTTvis miu-Rebelia, cdiloben mis misadagebas TeologiasTan. aseT vi-TarebaSi xSirad areopagitikis avtors iseT azrs miaweren, rac ar Seesabameba fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobriv mrwamss. am mxriv sayuradReboa areopagituli mzisa da RmerTis analogiis maqsime aRmsarebliseuli interpreta-cia. am interpretaciiT aRmsarebelma areopagitul Tval-sazriss aucileblobiT ganfenis principi gamoacala, raTa amiT RmerTis nebelobiT aqtze gaemaxvilebina yuradReba. am sakiTxSi maqsime aRmsareblis poziciasTan axlosaa Toma akvinelis Tvalsazrisi.

areopagitul moZRvrebasTan ioane damaskelis msofl-mxedvelobis garkveuli siaxlove TvalSi sacemia RmerTze moZRvrebaSi. Tumca RmerTis mier arsebebis warmoqmnis sak-iTxSi maT Tvalsazriss Soris arsebiTi gansxvavebaa. asevea sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSic. Tumca dam-askelTan boroteba sabolood adamianTan aris dakavSire-buli, rac ar gvxdeba areopagitikaSi.

ioane skot eriugena da nikoloz kuzaneli areopagi-tikis emanatizms gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevdnen. am ori moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaSi kargad Cans areop-agituli emanatizmis didi gavlena.

maister ekharti, marTalia, neoplatonur-areopagitul emanatizmis aviTarebs, magram masTan didi adgili eTmoba RmerTis transcendentizmsac. am mxriv ekharti agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs, sadac, a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, adgili hqonda emanatizmisa da transcenden-tizmis Tvalsazrisis Seguebis amao cdas.

2) areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda qar-Tul kulturaze. araerTi gamokvleviT dasturdeba areopa-gitikis gavlena rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanze~ (sikeTis monizmi da borotebis arasubstancireba, RmerTi, rogorc erTarseba erTi, `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~), daviT gu-ramiSvilis Semoqmedebaze, qarTul ideologiaze da sxv.

402

8. dasasrul ki unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagitikaSi, kerZod, mis filosofiur nawilSi, gaziarebulia Rmer-Tisa da samyaros erTianobis neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi emanatizmis safuZvelze. am Tvalsazriss didi mniSvneloba hqonda sakacobrio kulturisaTvis, ramdenadac is safuZ-vels umzadebda renesansul msoflmxedvelobas. renesan-sis erT-erTi mTavari idea xom amqveyniuris Rirebulad gamocxadebaa. amqveyniuris Rirebulad gamocxadebis Teo-riul safuZvels ki, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis aRia-reba warmoadgens. aqedan cxadia, Tu ratom miakuTvneben aseT did rols areopagitul moZRvrebas Semdgomi drois kulturisTvis zogadad da renesansuli msoflmxedvelob-isTvis kerZod.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis avtorobis problema dResac aqtualuria, naSromSi pirvel Tavad warmodgenilia es sakiTxi.

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A R E O P A G I T I C S *1

PHILOSOPHICAL WORLD OUTLOOK.PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS SOURCES. INFLUENCES.

Summary

The work consists of an introductory article, six chapters and general conclusions.

The work deals with the problem of authorship of the most impor-tant religious-philosophical doctrine of the 5-6th centuries – the Areop-agitics, as well as philosophical world outlook of the Areopagitics, its philosophical and religious sources (Neo-Platonism and works of Cap-padocian Fathers), Areopagitical influences and importance of the Ar-eopagitics for Georgian culture.

The Areopagitical works created at the joint of the 5-6th centuries were unduly ascribed to the ecclesiastic figure of the 1st century, member of the Areopagus of Athens Bishop Dionysius. Centuries later Lorenzo Valla and Erasmus of Rotterdam questioned the issue of the authorship of the Corpus Areopagiticum. Since then a multitude of hypotheses as regards the authorship of the Areopagitics have been worked out and among them the conception suggested by the Georgian scientist Shalva Nutsubidze and the Belgian orientalist Ernest Honigmann which states the identity of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and the 5th century fa-mous Georgian ecclesiastic figure Petre the Iberian seems to be best founded. This conception is known as the Nutsubidze-Honigmann theory.

The main principles of the Nutsubidze-Honigmann theory are ren-dered in the work and fresh data supporting it are offered.

*1 TranslatedfromGeorgianbyMarineAmbokadze.

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In the 2nd chapter philosophical outlook of the Areopagitics is ana-lyzed and the Areopagitical theory of God, positive and negative char-acteristics of God, relation of good and evil, Areopagitical mysticism are discussed.

Discussing the theory of God we have shown that in the Areopagit-ics God is one and beings ensue from Him by necessity and due to this necessity return back to Him.

The research conducted demonstrates that the principle of unity is given in the Areopagitical doctrine – the first one (God) stands at the beginning and unspiritual matter which due to the fact of its existence partakes of God is at the end.

Positive (kataphatic) and negative (apophatic) characteristics of God occupy a special place in the Areopagitical doctrine. At the same time according to Pseudo-Dionysius these methods are methods of knowledge and do not oppose each other since God is more than the knowledge on Him given by these methods.

Discussing the theory of God in the Areopagitics we have differenti-ated two kinds of God’s perfection. In particular, perfection of God as the transcendental which is beyond the reality differs from God-perfection given in comparison with beings ensuing by necessity from Him.

The work deals with the idea of good in the Areopagitics, its rela-tion to Plato’s philosophy and Neo-Platonism. It is shown that from the ontological viewpoint the idea of good is identical with the first cause (God) in the Areopagitics. At the same time good is as well presented from moral aspect in the Areopagitics, namely: the essence of good is stated in relation to evil and absoluteness of good and non-substantiality of evil are admitted. In this respect Pseudo-Dionysius follows Proclus’s tradition and in contrast to Plato and Plotinus rejects any positive signifi-cance of evil. As well it is stressed that interpretation of the interrelation of good and evil in the Areopagitical doctrine played an important role in forming the Renaissance and humanist world outlooks.

The relation of the Areopagitical doctrine to Neo-Platonic (Ploti-nus and Proclus) philosophy is discussed in the 3rd chapter. In order to achieve this objective we have specially discussed those passages of

405

Plato’s philosophy (absolute and relative One, relation of essence and non-essence, the idea of good, etc.) which are necessary to understand Neo-Platonism and the Areopagitical doctrine. In the process of analy-sis of the interrelation of Plotinus philosophy and the Areopagitics, we discussed close association of Plotinus mysticism and mysticism of the Areopagitics and their philosophical-intellectual character.

In discussion of the relation of the Areopagitical doctrine to Pro-clus’s philosophy, alongside with certain general issues, special attention is paid to the relation of good and evil. In this respect, close association of the Areopagitics and Proclus’s philosophy is demonstrated.

It is shown and argued in the work that the Areopagitical doc-trine is greatly indebted by Plotinus philosophy and that close relation of viewpoints of Pseudo-Dionysius and Proclus in regard of many issues is conditioned by one common source – Plotinus philosophy.

Theological sources of the Areopagitics – world outlooks of the Cap-padocian Fathers (Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa) are discussed in the 4th chapter. Comparative analysis of certain issues taken from the world outlooks of Cappadocian Fathers (theory of God, creation, relation of good and evil, the problem of trinity, etc.) and of the similar issues given in the Areopagitics is carried out.

The work deals with the Areopagitical philosophy but in relation to theological sources such issues are singled out and discussed which are on the verge of philosophy and theology and are studied by both of these world outlooks.

The 5th chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the Areopagitical in-fluences. Both theologians and philosophers were influenced by it. Theo-logical (Maximus Confessor, John of Damascus, Thomas of Aquinas) and more or less philosophical (Eriugena, Meister Eckhart, Nicolas of Cusa) interpretations of the Areopagitical doctrine are considered.

The 6th chapter deals with the influence and importance of the Ar-eopagitical doctrine for Georgian culture. Rustaveli’s, David Guramishvili’s and others heritage is discussed from this aspect.

In the General Conclusions the main results of the research are summed up.

406

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420

saZieblebi

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avaliani sergi 6avaliSvili zurab 100, 363avgustine netari 4, 157, 252,

263, 301, 306, 314, 319, 327, 328, 332, 350, 359

aTinagora aTeneli 188akvineli (ix. Toma akvineli)aleqsiZe zaza 46 (sq.)amalrik beneli 12ambokaZe marine 403 (sq.)amirejibi Wabua 45anaqsagora 350apolinari 192arevSatiani sen 46-52aristotele stagireli 7, 19,

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asmaTi (lit.) 100

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baiervaltesi verner 20baraTaSvili nikoloz 381, 390baraTeli besarion 4bardenheveri oto 11 (sq.), 28,

32basili didi 4, 16, 40, 95, 157,

164, 187, 192-194, 196-216, 249, 291, 387, 392, 396, 397, 399, 400, 405

bergsoni anri 313berdiaevi nikolai 15, 130 (sq.),

131, 134, 150, 313biCkovi viqtor 12 (sq.), 13 (sq.),

196 (sq.)blonski p. 15, 133, 140, 141, 158boeme iakob 349bolotovi v. 13 (sq.), 25bonaventura 333borgoSi iuzef 319, 327, 328brabanteli zigier 368, 369briliantovi aleqsandre 13 (sq.), 14, 15, 79 (sq.),

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bruneri fernand 314bruno (ix. jordano bruno)

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gaioÁ, mowese 22gawerelia akaki 4, 13 (sq.), 41genadi, iRumeni (ix. eikaloviCi

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421

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ioane italosi 9, 12, 96ioane lazi 30, 32, 33, 35ioane maxarebeli (bibl.) 242ioane oqropiri 4, 227, 361ioane petriwi 8-10, 31, 88 (sq.)

96, 97, 160 (sq.), 192-194, 350, 361, 364, 366, 387

ioane rufusi 29, 41ioane skot eriugena (eriugena)

4, 10, 12, 21, 22, 96, 257, 258, 287, 291-312, 322, 332, 333, 393, 397, 401, 405

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ioane RvTismetyveli 22ioane SavTeli 45ioseliani platon 8iubenali, ierusalimis

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luTeri martin 14, 17, 322

423

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maiorovi genadi 196, 197, 199, 221

maister ekharti (ix. ekharti iohan)

makari mesxi 36mari niko 8-10, 366markoz maxarebeli (bibl.) 242marsilio fiCino 94, 97martinovi a. 252, 254, 255marciani aristidis 188maqsime aRmsarebeli 4, 21, 22,

39, 257-262, 264-271, 273-275, 291, 292, 300, 301, 333, 334, 377, 397, 400, 401, 405

maWavariani marine 4medvedevi i. 102 (sq.), 103 (sq.),meliqseTbegi leon 34mirandola piko de la 94, 97miuleri h. 323miqael fselosi (fselosi

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petre mociquli (bibl.) 242platoni 7, 15, 17-19, 26, 27, 96,

102 (sq.), 103 (sq.), 104, 105, 107-117, 119-128, 140, 159, 160, 165, 166, 185, 188, 189, 194, 196-198, 216, 219, 237, 270, 282, 293, 300, 310, 312, 314, 323-326, 347, 350, 381, 386, 396-398, 404, 405

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424

215-217, 220, 222, 226, 227, 231, 239, 255, 256, 270, 283, 288, 289, 291, 295, 299, 308, 323, 325-327, 331, 337, 352, 379, 390, 393, 394, 396, 398-400, 404, 405

polikarpoÁ, mRvdelmTavari 22popovi i. 14, 17, 158, 255pregeri v. 18, 20, 170 (sq.), 291,

330, 332prokle diadoqosi 8, 9, 12

(sq.), 14, 17-20, 25-27, 30, 31, 57, 58, 72, 74, 77, 78, 84, 86, 89 (sq.), 91, 93, 95, 96, 107, 120, 121, 128, 158, 159-186, 214-216, 283, 307, 310, 323, 325, 326, 350, 365, 392, 396, 398, 399, 404, 405

prokofi gazeli 26, 27, 31proxorovi g. 13 (sq.)pulxeria, bizantiis dedofali

41

J

Jilsoni etien 217, 228

r

raseli bertran 17, 312, 316rafava maia 383, 385riteri hainrix 13 (sq.), 14, 160,

194, 199, 293, 323roki rene 34rusTaveli SoTa 8, 22, 45, 95,

97, 99-101, 296 (sq.), 326, 331, 364, 365-376, 378-390, 392, 393, 395, 401, 405

s

saba gawmindeli 38sabaSnikovi mixail 330sarajiSvili aleqsandre 372sergios reSaineli 51sidorova s. 34, 46sozomeni 192skvorcovi k. 11 (sq.), 25smirnovi i. 11 (sq.), sokolovi vasil 34, 46, 298sopatroÁsi, mRvdeli 22speranski mixail 199spinoza benediqt 140stagireli (ix. aristotele)sumbaZe denisa 4

t

tatarski i. 291tertuliane 188, 333timoTe eluri 42tite (bibl.) 80, 143tite, mRvdelmTavari 22

f

farari f. 192, 241filon aleqsandrieli 19, 26,

60, 140, 141, 165, 191, 255, 376

florovski g. 217, 221foelkeri v. 12 (sq.)fsevdo-dionise areopageli

(divnos) 3 (sq.), 4, 7, 12 (sq.), 16-21, 27, 28, 30, 32-34, 39, 40, 44-48, 52, 53-70, 73, 75, 77-98, 100, 101, 115, 118, 119, 124, 128-131, 141-156, 158, 160-165, 167, 169-173, 177-186, 195, 196, 205, 206, 212-216, 220-222, 226,

425

228, 234, 235, 236, 239, 240, 256, 258, 260-262, 264, 265, 270, 271, 274, 276-278, 282, 283, 285, 287-289, 291, 293, 295, 297-300, 306, 310, 315, 316, 319-326, 328, 329, 331-333, 335, 337, 338, 342, 343, 348, 349, 350, 354, 357, 359, 362-365, 367, 368, 375, 377, 378, 380-382, 384-386, 389, 390, 392, 393, 395, 397-401, 403-405

fselosi (ix. miqael fselosi)

q

qristlibi Teodor 13 (sq.), 291qumsiSvili dimitri 381, 382

y

yauxCiSvili simon 34yolbaia zaira 258 (sq.)

S

SAavTeli (ix. ioane SavTeli)Seqspiri uiliam 369

Stiglmairi iozef 10, 12 (sq.), 18, 20, 25, 105, 158, 162-164, 183-185, 213, 214

Stokli alfred 137 (sq.), 308, 333, 334, 336, 337, 339, 341, 342, 345, 401

C

Caloiani vazgen 34, 49CaxruxaZe 22, 45, 365, 389

c

celeri eduard 15-17, 82, 104, 138, 160-162, 170, 326, 394

Z

Zenon gazeli 30

w

wereTeli giorgi 37, 38, 372wereTeli savle 125, 126

W

WeliZe meri 197, 258, 292 (sq.)

x

xaranauli ana 4xidaSeli Salva 3-5, 11, 18, 34,

38, 45, 61, 94, 97-102, 106, 303, 361, 370-376, 384, 388, 389, 392, 397

xinTibiZe elguja 4, 29, 39, 40, 382-386, 388, 397

j

javaxiSvili ivane 8, 9jordano bruno (bruno) 13, 18,

94, 98, 269, 303, 349

h

hase karl 15, 140, 141, 158, 333, 340

hegeli 17, 19, 86, 104, 125, 126, 159, 181, 185, 312, 326

heraklite 385heroni 237honigmani ernest 17, 25, 26, 32-

35, 44, 49, 52, 403horni kornelia 29hungeri h. 12 (sq.)huperti hugo 369

426

sarCevi

avtorisgan ..................................................................................................... 3

Sesavali ........................................................................................................... 7

I Tavi. areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtorobis sakiTxi

da nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria ....................................... 25

II Tavi. areopagituli filosofia ................................................. 53

$1. moZRvreba pirvelmizezze (RmerTze) .................................... 53

$2. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi ......... 60

$3. sikeTis idea areopagitikaSi .................................................... 82

1. sikeTe rogorc pirvelmizezi ............................................. 82

2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba ...................................... 84

3. sikeTe da erosi ........................................................................ 91

$4. areopagitika da renesansi ......................................................... 94

III Tavi. neoplatonizmi da areopagituli moZRvreba ..... 107

$1. platonis filosofia da neoplatonizmi .......................... 107

1. arsisa da ararsis sakiTxi .................................................. 107

2. erTis problema ...................................................................... 113

3. sikeTis problema ................................................................... 126

$2. plotines misticizmi da areopagitika ............................... 129

1. plotines misticizmi ............................................................ 131

2. areopagituli misticizmi ................................................... 141

$3. prokles filosofia da areopagitika ................................ 158

1. winaswari SeniSvnebi ............................................................... 158

2. pirvelsawyisi erTis gageba prokles filosofiasa da

areopagitikaSi ......................................................................... 167

3. arsebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan da

ukudabruneba, triada .......................................................... 172

4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba .................................... 183

daskvna ........................................................................................ 185

427

IV Tavi. kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedveloba da

areopagitika............................................................................ 187

$1. basili didi ...................................................................................192

1. basili didis msoflmxedvelobis Sefaseba .................. 192

2. areopagitikis mimarTeba basili didis

msoflmxedvelobasTan .......................................................... 198

3. sikeTe da boroteba............................................................... 207

daskvna ........................................................................................ 216

$2. grigol nazianzeli .................................................................... 216

1. moZRvreba RmerTze ................................................................ 218

1) RmerTis wvdoma .................................................................. 224

2) RmerTisa da mzis analogia ........................................... 226

2. samebis Sesaxeb ......................................................................... 228

3. eTikis sakiTxebi ...................................................................... 236

$3. grigol noseli ............................................................................240

1. RmerTi, rogorc erTi .......................................................... 242

2. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (Sesaqme) ......................... 244

3. adamiani, rogorc RmerTis xati ....................................... 250

V Tavi. areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena ............................ 257

$1. areopagitika maqsime aRmsareblis komentarebSi ............ 257


2. arsebaTa warmoSoba ............................................................... 269

3. sikeTe da boroteba............................................................... 273

$2. areopagitika da ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba .. 275

1. winaswari SeniSvnebi ............................................................... 275


3. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTeba ...................................... 282

4. katafatika da apofatika ..................................................... 286


$3. areopagitika da eriugenas filosofia.............................. 291


2. moZRvreba samebaze................................................................. 300

1. `RvTaebrivi arcodnis~ Sesaxeb ......................................... 304

428

2. RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmna ........................................... 306


$4. areopagitika da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedveloba ..... 312


2. moZRvreba Seqmnaze ................................................................ 322


$5. areopagitika da maister ekhartis msoflmxedveloba . 330

1. ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebi ........................... 332

2. ekhartis moZRvreba RmerTze ............................................ 335

3. arsebaTa warmoSoba ............................................................... 339

4. misticizmi ekhartis moZRvrebaSi .................................... 343

$6. areopagitika da nikoloz kuzanelis filosofia ......... 349

1. areopagitikasTan nikoloz kuzanelis filosofiis

mimarTebis ZiriTadi momentebi ........................................ 350

1) RmerTis daxasiaTeba ........................................................ 351

2) RmerTis gaSla sinamdvileSi ......................................... 355

2. RmerTze moZRvrebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva

sakiTxebi ......................................................................................... 357

1) absoluturi minimumi da maqsimumi,

dapirispirebulTa damTxveva ....................................... 357

2) ganswavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb .................................... 358

3) ara-sxvas Sesaxeb ................................................................ 359

VI Tavi. areopagitika da qarTuli kultura ......................... 361

saerTo daskvnebi ......................................................................... 396

reziume ............................................................................................ 403

literatura................................................................................... 406

saxelTa saZiebeli ....................................................................... 420

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neli elizbaraSvililika sxirtlaZe

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aleqsandre jiquriZe

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ilia xelaiasi

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