Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management of Fruit Flies in South … · 2011-11-18 · Area-Wide...

Country Strategy Paper

Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management of Fruit Flies in South and South East Asia Project

Cambodia

National IPM Programme in Cambodia

February 2011

Country Strategy Paper (Area wide IPM of Fruit Flies in Cambodia)

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Project Information

“Area-wide Fruit Fly Integrated Pest Management in South and Southeast Asia” is a regional

project funded –through the Global Horticulture Initiative (http://www.globalhort.org/)- by

Taiwan’s ICDF (www.icdf.org.tw) and implemented by the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)

(www.ait.asia). The project focus is on adaptation and adoption of fruit fly IPM practices

among vegetable and fruit smallholder using Farmer’s Field School (FFS) in the Mekong river

basin countries. Project implementing partners include: Bio-Control Research Laboratory

(BCRL; http://www.pcilindia.com/bcrl.html), Bangalore, India, and the FAO Regional IPM

Programme (http://www.vegetableipmasia.org/) whereas the project is implemented in the

various Mekong River Basin countries by the National IPM Programmes in Lao PDR, Cambodia

and Vietnam; Department of Agriculture Extension (DoAE) in Thailand, and Ministry of

Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) in Myanmar. The project is intended to test, promote and

socialize among smallholder farmers a range of novel IPM options for fruit fly management

within the context of ongoing IPM farmer training and action research programmes in the

Mekong basin countries. More information on project can be seen from its website

http://ipm.ait.asia.

Contact in Cambodia

The national office of the project is hosted by the

Cambodian National IPM Programme, Phnom Penh,

Cambodia. Further information on the project could be

obtained from the following contact:

National IPM Programme in Cambodia FAO ICP for IPM in Vegetables – Country office Cambodia House No. 54B, St. 656 Sangkat Teuk Laak, Khan Toul Kork Phnom Penh, Cambodia Telephone/fax: (855_23) 880465 Email: [email protected] Contact person: Chou, Cheythyrith

http://www.globalhort.org/

http://www.icdf.org.tw/

http://www.ait.asia/

http://www.pcilindia.com/bcrl.html

http://www.vegetableipmasia.org/

http://ipm.ait.asia/


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Table of Contents

Project Information ...................................................................................................................... 2

Contact in Cambodia .................................................................................................................... 2

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3

1. Background .............................................................................................................................. 4

1.1. Basic agriculture production and protection scenario .................................................................... 4

1.2 Current status of vegetable production ............................................................................................ 6

1.3 Current status of the fruit production .............................................................................................. 7

2.0 Fruit flies in Cambodia ............................................................................................................ 8

2.1. Present and Past Research and Development Initiatives on Fruit Flies ........................................ 10

2.1.1 FAO Project: ......................................................................................................................... 10

2.1.2. CARF: The Fruit Flies in Mango Management in Cambodia ............................................... 10

3. The National IPM Farmer Education ........................................................................................ 11

3.1. The National IPM Programme ....................................................................................................... 11

3.2. The Farmers Education on IPM ...................................................................................................... 11

4. Fruit Fly IPM Project Intervention Design ................................................................................ 13

4.1. Overall Development Objectives ................................................................................................... 13

4.2. Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 13

4.3 Selection of the project implementation site based on GIS mapping ............................................ 14

4.4 Expected Outputs and Indicative Activities .................................................................................... 15

5. Results Utilization Plan ........................................................................................................... 17

Annex 1 Logical Framework ........................................................................................................ 18

Annex 2 Work plan and timetable .............................................................................................. 23

Annex 3: Budget Plan ................................................................................................................. 25


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1. Background

1.1. Basic agriculture production and protection scenario

Cambodia is an agrarian country with its economic foundation still largely based on the

agriculture sector, in which over 80% of the population live in the rural areas and make their living

from agriculture. In this pattern of socio-economic evolution, the Royal Government of Cambodia

(RGC) has regarded the sector as high priority in its national development agenda.

Since the decade of 1990, the RGC has subsequently set out and actively implemented its

strategies and development plans focusing on the promotion of agriculture and rural development,

such as Socio-Economic Development Plan (1996-2000), Socio-Economic Development Plan (2001-

2005), National Strategy for Poverty Reduction, Rectangular Strategy, and Phase II Rectangular

Strategy. Thus far, the RGC has achieved its overarching goals of poverty reduction at a very

satisfactory rate, through improved agricultural productivity, assured food security, employment

generation, increased farmers’ household incomes, and export of agricultural products to regional

and international markets.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) has promoted all forms of agricultural

production, especially for strategic crops, such as rice, rubber and subsidiary crops (vegetables, fruit

tries), not only to meet local food demand but also to obtain a surplus for export.

Generally in Cambodia, vegetable and fruit crops have been grown by smallholders, although

some fruit tree area are bigger than vegetable crops. Hence, farmers are carrying out the main role

to grow vegetable and fruit crop for supplying to the local markets. It is worthwhile to note that the

knowledge and experience of farmers in horticulture sector are limited. Some training interventions

in vegetable productions have been supported by organizations, but the assistances have been

minimal for fruit tree. Consequently, farmers have not been able to produce horticultural corps

especially fruits in an economically viable and environmentally friendly manner. Currently, fruit and

vegetable produces in Cambodia are not enough for supplying local markets. Cambodia imports

many kinds of vegetables and fruits from Vietnam and Thailand for feeding markets demand.

Moreover, Cambodia also imports some fruits from China, Europe and United State as well, such as

apple and grape. In 2009, Cambodian farmers produced only 322,731 Tons of vegetables from

50,278 ha (MAFF April 2010). According to MAFF 2008, approximately 20% of rural households


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engage in some vegetable productions which can generate higher returns than rice. For example,

farmers can get US$ 400/ha for cauliflower, US$1,400/ha for lettuce, and US$3,000/ha for black

pepper, compared to US$100-300/ha for rice.

It is estimated that Cambodia imports up to 70% of vegetables consumed locally from

Vietnam. The main vegetable varieties imported are onions, red garlic, carrots, potatoes, cabbage

and Chinese cabbage. Volumes imported vary from 40t/day between December and March to

160t/day between April and November. The vegetables originate from Ho Chi Mich City market or

from producer in Dalat province. Approximately, 60% of the vegetables have been transported cross

the border at Trapeang Phlong in Kampong Cham province and 20% at Bavet in Svay Rieng province.

Presently, chili is mainly growing in Kampong Cham and Kadal provinces for export to the

Thailand and also for supplying to the local markets. However, there is no official data available for

the exported volume of chilies to the Thailand.


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1.2 Current status of vegetable production

Vegetable crops are the second most important commodity after rice. Vegetables provide an

affordable source of nutrition for lower income families. As short duration crops, vegetables are also

a source of much needed cash for farmers, especially those with access to irrigation water from

rivers, lakes, creeks and open wells. The major vegetable crops include cabbage, Chinese cabbage,

onion, lettuce, and tomato, cucumber, squash, shallot, gourds, beans and chilies. The major

vegetable producing provinces are Kampong Chhnang, Kandal, Kampong Cham, Takeo, Kampot,

Siem Reap, and Battambang.

Table 1. Vegetable Production in the Year 2009-2010

Description Wet season Dry season Total

Cultivated area 28,474 ha 21,804 ha 50,278 ha

Average Yield 5.744 tons/ha 7.30 tons/ha 6.419 tons/ha

Production 163,555 tons 159,176 tons 322,731 tons

(Source: Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, April 2010)

Table 2. Top six vegetable producing provinces

Province Kompong

Chhnang

Kandal Kompong

Cham

Takeo Siem

Reap

Kompot

Cultivated Area (ha) 4,807 4,005 3,475 1,839 1,389 1,121

Harvest Area (ha) 4,807 4,005 3,475 1,839 1,389 1,121

Production (t) 29,285 18,023 54,801 10,39 10,070 4,932

(Source: Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, April 2010)


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1.3 Current status of the fruit production

There are several types of fruit grown in Cambodia. Table 3 shows the production area for

each kind of fruit that are commonly infested by fruit fly. Mango has the largest area of production

in Cambodia and is usually seriously infested by fruit fly. Normally, farmers are growing fruit tree

crops in bigger farms in upland than low land areas. The total areas of grown fruit trees are174, 533

hectares (MAFF April, 2010).

Table 3: Area of Fruit and Permanent Crop (ha)

Crops Longan Mango Milk

fruit

Jujube Sapota Custard

apple

Orange Guava

Area 2,376 23,734 1,216 20 2052 3,218 3,553 1,745

(Source: MAFF April 2010 and Report from Kandal)


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2.0 Fruit flies in Cambodia

The vegetable crops infested by melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) are bitter gourd,

cucumber, pumpkin, water melon, sponge gourd, ridge gourd; ask gourd, bottle gourd, eggplant,

tomato and chili. These crops are grown almost the whole year round and where water is available,

except for chili that is normally grown after the rainy or flood season. Water melon is planted from

late wet season until early wet season. Among all above crops, bitter gourd has the highest

percentage of infestation and damage by B. cururbitae. The peak infestation of melon fly, B.

cucubitae on vegetable crops is observed during the dry season.

In Cambodia, the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, usually attacks the fruit crops grown

in small areas near farmer houses and big farms such as Mango, Orange, Guava, Logan, Sapota,

Custard-apple, Jujube and Star apple. These crops normally are infested during late fruiting stage,

mostly nearly ripening. The seasonal peak infestation are varying based on crop cycle, for instance,

mango fruits are attacked by fruit flies during the dry season in the ripening stage, and orange are

heavily damaged in wet season.

To control fruit fly farmers have been using a lot insecticides. It was observed that the

chemical intervention was not sustainably effective. Moreover, it has caused problems of killing

beneficial natural enemies, health and trading due to high chemical residues. For sustainable

horticulture production and protection, export and trade, food security and poverty reduction, field

sanitation, attractant trap and protein bait are recommended to use for managing and controlling

fruit fly. Methyl-eugenol (ME) is recommended to use in the trap to attract B. dorsalis (male), and

Cuelure (Cl) to attract B. cucubitae (male).

Based on a survey in Kampot and Takeo provinces, the following species of fruit flies are

believed to be present in Cambodia but need to be reconfirmed through a proper survey of the fruit

flies present in the country1

:

1-Bactrocera dorsalis 2- Bactrocera correcta 3- Bactrocera cucurbitae

4- Bactrocera tau 5- Bactrocera caudata 6- Dacus longicornis

7- Bactrocera dorsalis complex 8- Bactrocera tuberculata

1 Species identified by ASEAN Fruit Fly Center in Malaysia.


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Based on the data from Kampong Cham and Kandal provinces the highest infested crop is

Better gourd. The infestation of melon flies caused yield losses up to 35% in Kampong Cham and

45% in Kandal. The Mango, Orange, Guava, Logan, Sapota, Custard-apple, Jujube and Star apple crop

is normally infested during fruiting stage, mostly nearly ripening. The highest infested crops are

Jujube and mango that cause yield losses around 35% (Jujube) and 30% (mango).

The methods mostly used by farmers are to spray pesticides. Some farmers in Kandal

province spray pesticides by mixing 4-6 kinds for controlling melon fly in Bitter gourd production.

Those pesticides are Abamectin, Dithan, Ridomyl (Mancozeb+Metalaxyl), Mancozeb, Actara

(Thiamethoxam) and Cypermethrin. Farmers used these chemical products up to more than 10 times

per cropping season and spent from 30% to 40% of the total expense in bitter gourd production.

Some farmers also use the male lures Methyl-eugenol (ME) and Cue lure (CUE) in traps to attract

and kill male B. dorsalis and B. Cucurbitae respectively. Some vegetable farmers use a combination

of chemical pesticides and attractive trap in bitter gourd production. With regard to fruit trees, some

farmers have used the trap or chemical pesticides to control the fruit fly. Jujube and Mango crops

have been seriously infested by fruit fly (B. dorsalis) that farmers used a lot of chemical pesticides.

Farmers who grow mango in Kean Svay district, Kandal province, spray Abamectin, Dithan,

Cypermetrin and Karate every 07-10 day after flowering for controlling the fruit fly. Farmers also use

chemical pesticides in Jujube production to control the flies as well. Some guava farmers are bagging

guava fruits with plastic for protecting from the fruit fly infestation. However, some farmers did not

take any intervention to control the fruit fly on milk fruit, custard apple, sapota, longan, guava,

orange and mango where growing in small area near their house.


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2.1. Present and Past Research and Development Initiatives on Fruit Flies

2.1.1 FAO Project:

Under the FAO support, a project title: Strengthening the Sanitary and Phytosanitary

Services, Project Code: TCP/CMB/3104 (D), which started in Nov 2008 and ended in December 2009,

provided training to technical officers from the Department of Plan Protection, CARDI and Royal

University of Agriculture on: fruit fly surveillance, fruit flies background, type of surveillance, identify

target pests and hosts, status of host pest – mango, fruit flies, fruit fly surveillance methodologies

and sampling, insect classification, and identification of collected specimen /GPS mapping.

2.1.2. CARF: The Fruit Flies in Mango Management in Cambodia

The project is being implemented in order to identify fruit fly species present in mango

orchards in Cambodia and quantify damage incurred in mango orchards due to fruit fly. During the

project period, the surveillance including presence, population density, spread and damage of fruit

flies on mango in Takeo and Kampot province have been conducted.


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3. The National IPM Farmer Education

3.1. The National IPM Programme

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) initiated the Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) Programme from 1993 after “The Environment and IPM” workshop was held at

the Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh. At this time Cambodia joined 12 other Asian

countries as part of the FAO Inter-Country Programme in Rice IPM in South and Southeast Asia with

technical assistance and financial support from FAO (under TCP arrangements), IDRC and IRRI. FAO

supported RGC in the implementation of a season long Training of Trainers’ Course (TOT), a Farmer

Trainer Orientation Course (FTOC) and Farmer Field Schools (FFS) in 1996 before Cambodia joined

the FAO Southeast Asia Regional Vegetable IPM Programme (GCP/RAS/168/AUL) in 1997.

The National IPM Programme is positioned within the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries (MAFF) and its General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA) is responsible for the

implementation. The National Programme is currently operating in 18 major agricultural production

provinces plus Phnom Penh municipality. The implementation of the Programme has been in close

co-operation and collaboration with other concerned ministries, provincial departments of

agriculture, local and international organizations and research institutions at all levels.

The overall goal is to improve food security and safety through the promotion of Integrated

Pest and Crop Management skills at the farm level. IPM enables farmers to grow healthy crops

considering production sustainability and socio-economic effectiveness, while safeguarding human

health and protecting the natural environment.

3.2. The Farmers Education on IPM

Major training activities implemented are training of trainers courses on rice, vegetable,

water melon, rice-fish-vegetable and mung bean; training of farmer trainers; farmer field schools on

the above mentioned crops; farmer life schools; refresher courses for district and farmer trainers;

living soil training; training on farmer self studies on pesticide health hazards for reducing pesticide

risk; farmer congress; study tour and exchange visits; workshops and meetings; field studies and

experiments; development of community IPM and establishment of farmer clubs; organic rice;

chemical-free vegetable associations; monitoring and impact assessment; and so on.


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So far, the Programme had trained 702 district trainers (woman 287), 1,696 farmer trainers

(woman 496) and 161,249 farmers (woman 68,807) through 6,015 FFSs on the foresaid crops. The

Programme has never had training program on fruit trees and never trained farmers on fruit fly.


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4. Fruit Fly IPM Project Intervention Design

4.1. Overall Development Objectives

To strengthen support systems and enhance knowledge on fruit fly ecology and

management among smallholder farmers to be able them to grow healthy and safe fruit and

vegetable crops by sustainably practicing integrated pest management with minimal use of toxic

synthetic pesticides leading to food safety and food security, and improved income in Asian

countries with a focus on Mekong river basin countries.

4.2. Specific Objectives

To assess the current status of fruit fly occurrences, host-range, past management efforts;

To develop appropriate methods for managing fruit fly and melon fly;

To educate farmers through and other stakeholders on using Farmer’s Field School (FFS) on

locally adapted fruit fly IPM;

To develop extension materials and share project activities through a website for better

understanding and awareness and support development of Asian fruit fly Network.


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4.3 Selection of the project implementation site based on GIS mapping

Based on the available information on crop acreage, purpose of crop growing, presence and

absence of fruit fly species, reach of IPM programme (availability experienced IPM trainers),

estimated losses due to fruit fly species (as there is no information or field data on losses available)

GIS assisted maps were prepared (see http://ipm.ait.asia/?page_id=254). Further putting other

criteria like frequent backstopping support, ease of transportation etc. two provinces namely Kandal

and Battambang were selected as sites for project implementation (see fig. 1).

Fig. 1 Project implementation sites in Cambodia

http://ipm.ait.asia/?page_id=254


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4.4 Expected Outputs and Indicative Activities

No

.

Objectives Outputs Indicative Activities Remarks

1 To assess the

current status of

fruit fly

occurrences,

host-range, past

management

efforts;

Country Strategy Paper

and Planning for the

project developed

- Country Strategy

Paper development and

Planning for the project

GIS mapping developed Data collection

Site, and farmer Selection

identified

Baseline surveys

Baseline format

developed

Data entry and analysis

on the current status of

fruit fly occurrences,

host-range available

Crop Calendar developed

Baseline surveys on the

current status of fruit fly

occurrences, host-range

2 To develop

appropriate

methods for

managing fruit fly

and melon fly

Trial design developed

and experiment set up

Data collection, analysis

and interpretation

available

FFS curricula developed

Participatory Action

Research on developing

locally suitable IPM

package

3 To educate

farmers through

and other

stakeholders on

using Farmer’s

Field School (FFS)

on locally

adapted fruit fly

IPM;

Session guides/curricula

developed and adapted

Short intensive TOT on

Fruit fly IPM to the

extension workers using

action research set-up

Farmers and villages

selection identified

FFS diary developed

AESA developed

Data on cost-benefit

Setting of FFS

Organizing Farmer’s

field day to inform

other farmers in the

locality


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analysis available

Fruit fly IPM management

strategies adapted by

farmers

Plant protection and

plant quarantine officials

and others exposed to

the project activities

Organizing field training

visits to the Plant

protection and plant

quarantine officials and

others

4 To develop

extension

materials and

share project

activities through

a website for

better

understanding

and awareness

and support

development of

Asian fruit fly

Network

Extension brochures

developed

Extension brochures

development &

distribution

Based on final

results

development of

extension

brochures in

Khmer and

English (bi-

lingual)

The expected outputs after implementing the project are following:

The status of the fruit fly management made by smallholders and infestation in target

province are clearly identified;

4 Adaptive Researches conducted at the target provinces and IPM trainers trained in

intensive TOT to learn the monitoring and implementation on fruit fly IPM strategies;

6 pilot FFS organized to train 150 farmers in the target province on manage fruit fly IPM

FFS, and 150 farmers will be exposed through filed days;

Technical documents and field tested extension brochures on FF IPM will be developed

and distributed.


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5. Results Utilization Plan

Disseminate information on the status of fruit fly presence, level of infestation and areas of

damage to all concerned stakeholders for appropriate actions

Share the sustainable and effective control methods, good lesson learnt and best practices

for fruit fly management

The trained farmers will practice what they have learn to demonstrate the results and to

train other farmers

Encourage other relevant organizations to make use of the trained trainers and materials

developed for scaling up the activities

Encourage private sector to work with trained farmers or farmer owner for promoting the

export of fruit fly free fruit tree produces.

Training materials and case studies on impact of training and successful area-wide

management of fruit flies will be documented and made electronically available and posted

on website(s) for use by the Cambodia Government and other development partners.

Annex 1 Logical Framework

Intervention Objectively verifiable Sources and means of

Assumptions

Logic indicators of achievement verification Overall objectives

To strengthen support systems and enhance knowledge on fruit fly ecology and management among smallholder farmers to be able to grow healthy and safe fruit and vegetable crops by sustainably practicing integrated pest management with minimal use of toxic synthetic pesticides leading to food safety and food security, and improved income in Asian countries with a focus on Mekong river basin countries

a.) Current status of the FF problem in the target provinces; b.) Availability of the locally adapted IPM package for FF IPM in Cambodia; c.) GIS maps of the intensive Fruit fly and Melon fly in the target provinces; d.) 6 FFS and 150 farmers trained, additional 150 exposed to FF IPM; e.) Govt. & Plant Protection officials exposed to FF issues in Cambodia countries; f.) Training curricula and technical documents on FF management established

Reports and materials developed

a). Smallholder fruits and vegetable farmers along with implementation partners remain interested, b). Continued support from the donors and concerned development partners and c). Relevant Government and NGS are interested in the implementation.

Specific objectives

1 To assess the current status of fruit fly occurrences, host-range, past management efforts;

Current status of the FF problem in Kandal, Kampong Cham and Battambang province

Secondary data from MAFF, PDA and survey report

Smallholders fruits and vegetable farmers in the target provinces as well as agriculture officers at district and provincial levels provide accurate dada as much as possible.

2 To develop appropriate methods for managing and controlling fruit fly and

Availability of the locally adapted IPM package for Fruit Fly IPM in

Research reports and

Vegetable and fruit farmers as well as staff of Provincial


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melon fly; Cambodia seasonal report Departments of Agriculture are actively involved in the Participatory Adaptive Research.

3 To educate farmers through and other

stakeholders on using Farmer’s Field

School (FFS) on locally adapted fruit fly

IPM;

No. of FFS conducted and farmers participated in the FFS on fruit fly management, as well as additional farmers exposed to IPM FFS on Fruit fly;

FFS Report Stallholders fruits and vegetable farmers in the target provinces actively participate in FFS.

4 To develop extension materials and share project activities through a website for better understanding and awareness and support development of Asian fruit fly Network.

Training curricula and technical documents on FF management established

Training curriculum and technical document on Fruit fly and melon fly.

IPM trainers as well as experts on fruit fly and melon fly involved in developing training curricula and technical documents suitable and responsive to local problems.

Expected results

1 Understanding the status of fruit fly occurrences, host-range, past management efforts; management in target provinces

The information written in the report obtaining from survey

Survey report All stakeholders are working hard to collect data and analyze it in an accurate way.

2 4 Adaptive Researches conducted in the target provinces and 12 trainers trained in intensive TOT to learn the monitoring and implementation on fruit fly IPM strategies

Number of adaptive research conducted using innovative IPM strategies; curricula for the FFS developed for fruit fly and/or melon fly

Reports The research topics are answering to local problems. The trainers and farmers are interested in training and the training curriculum and approach are appropriate.

3 6 pilot FFS organized to train 150 farmers in the target provinces on management fruit fly through IPM FFS; 150 farmers will be exposed through filed days

Number of FFS in target areas covered; Number of farmers trained and exposed to FF IPM FFS; Behavior changes of the farmers; cost-benefit analysis of using FF IPM FFS

Reports The trainers are qualified to run trading and farmers are interested training program and actively involved and they are willing to apply what they have learn from the schools.


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4 Technical documents and field tested extension brochures on FF IPM will be developed and distributed.

Availability of the bi-lingual extension brochures on the FF IPM in Cambodia

Final technical report

Appropriate technical information applicable for farmers are available to put in the brochure

Activities

Sp. Ob. 1 Act. 1: Prepare country strategy paper and work plan for the whole project period.

The National IPM Team and Provincial IPM Coordinators set up the work plan

Work plan Involved staff need to understand clearly what they are going to do to address the problems

Act.2: Data collection for developing GIS mapping

The National IPM Team and relevant stakeholder collecting information on fruit fly and melon fly situation in the target provinces

Updated GIS Map and it cost about US$ 300

The updated GIS Mapping developed in target provinces involving with IPM trainers and relevant stakeholders.

Act. 3: Conduct survey to indentify key fruit fly endemic areas, site selection for the project implementation and finding the current status of the crop management practices in relation to the fruit fly occurrences, seasonality, losses, farmers knowledge etc.

National IPM team, Provincial Coordinators and District trainers conduct the survey with farmers and related stakeholders using questionnaires

Survey report and the estimate cost is US$ 800

The questionnaire has to be ready before starting the activities. The interviewers and interviewees are ready for involving with the activities. The size of the respondents and the locations has be well determined in advance.

Sp. Ob. 2 Act. 1: Organize a workshop with PC and IPM Trainers

National IPM team, Provincial Coordinators and District trainers participate in the two-day workshop to discuss fruit fly problem and protocol of the adaptive researches.

Reports of the workshop and the cost is about US$ 700

The concept note consisting of the content, program and methodology of the workshop are well prepared


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Act. 2: Conduct Adaptive Researches in target provinces

IPM trainers actively carry out the adaptive researches at target villages in Kandal and Battambang province

Report research, and the cost is about US$ = 1600

IPM trainers understand very well about the Fruit Fly and Melon Fly problems and proper research protocols were developed.

Sp. Ob. 3 Act. 1: Organize mini-TOT on Fruit fly The National IPM Team with assistance from Fruit Fly expert organize two week mini-TOT on Fruit fly for IPM trainers in the target province

Report of TOT, and the cost is about US$ 3100

Qualified master trainers are available and the training curriculum and materials are well developed.

Act. 2: Run pilot Farmer Field School on Fruit fly and Melon Fly. The FFS on Fruit Fly will be conducted on Sapota, mango, guava as well as orange, and the FFS on melon fly will be implementing on bitter gourd.

The IPM Trainers run 6 FFS on fruit fly and melon fly after completion the mini-TOT. During the FFS IPM Trainers also organize a Field Day for demonstrating the result of the studies to other farmers.

Report FFS including the Field Day. The FFS cost 750 x 6 = US$ 4500, Field Day cost = 200 x 6 = US$ 1200 and Protein Bait including Lure US$ 100 x 6= 600

Qualified trainers are available and capable to run FFS and the FFS curriculum and materials are well developed. Farmers are interested to attend the FFS.

Act. 3: Organize field training visits to the plant protection and plant quarantine officials and others

During implementing field activities including Field Days, number of field visits will be made for plant protection and plant quarantine officials and others

Trip report, it costs US$ 700

All stakeholders will learn from the field activities of the project and also share their experiences on fruit fly.


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Act. 4: Carry out refresher workshop to evaluate last season activities and plan for the next season

After completion of FFS, the evaluation and planning meeting will be held for two days in one target province involving with all IPM trainers in the projects.

Workshop report. It cost US$ 1000

All IPM Trainers have identified issues during the implementation and willing to share experiences to update training curricula as well as come up with better plan for next season.

Sp. Ob.4 Act. 1: Develop extension materials and share project activities through a website. .

The extension materials that need to be used for implement the project are developed by National IPM trainers with assistant from the Fruit Fly experts

The extension materials. It cost US$ 500

The appropriate technical information is gathered and skilful staff is available for the production of materials.


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Annex 2 Work plan and timetable

No. Indicative Activities

Output 2010 2011 2012

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Country strategy paper developed and planning for the project

Country strategy paper developed and planning for the project

x x x x x x

2 Data collection GIS Mapping Developed x x x x x x

3 Baseline surveys Site, and farmers selection identified

x x x x x x

4 Baseline surveys on the current status of fruit fly occurrences, host-range

Baseline format developed

Data entry and analysis on

the current status of fruit fly

occurrences, host-range

available

Crop Calendar developed

x x x x x

5 Participatory Action Research on developing locally suitable IPM package

Trial design developed and

experiment set up

Data collection, analysis and

interpretation available

FFS curricula developed

x x x x x

6 Two-week Mini TOT on Fruit fly IPM to the extension workers using

Session guides/curricula developed and adapted

x


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action research set-up

7 Setting FFS and Field Day on Fruit Fly and Melon Fly.

Farmers and villages

selection identified

FFS diary developed

AESA developed

Data on cost-benefit

analysis available

Fruit fly IPM management strategies adapted by farmers

x x x x x x x x x x x x

8 Organizing field training visits to the Plant protection and plant quarantine officials and others

Plant protection and plant quarantine officials and other exposed to the project activities

x x x x

9 Extension brochures development and distribution

Extension brochures developed

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


25 | P a g e

Annex 3: Budget Plan

No. Activities 2010 2011 2012 Total

1 GIS Mapping 300 $ 300.00

2 Survey 800 $ 800.00

3 IPM Trainers Meeting 700 $ 700.00

4 Adaptive Research 1600 $ 1,600.00

5 Mini-TOT 3100 $ 3,100.00

6 Pilot FFS 4200 2100 $ 6,300.00

7 Field Trip for Officials 400 300 $ 700.00

8 Refresher Workshop 1000 $ 1000.00

9 Training manual and technical document

300 200 $ 500.00

Total 12300 2700 $ 15,000.00

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