P. 1 Did you read chapter 23 before coming to class? A.Yes B.No.
Are your parents/guardians coming to open house tonight? A.Yes B.No.
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Transcript of Are your parents/guardians coming to open house tonight? A.Yes B.No.
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Are your parents/guardians coming to open house tonight?
A. Yes
B. No
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Vocabulary Week 6
• atomic number• atomic mass• alpha radiation• gamma radiation• isotope
• cavil• charlatan• ebullient• ambient• eclectic
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a. bottom, protons + neutrons
b. bottom, protons
c. top, protons + neutrons
d. top, protons
Atomic number is the _____ number and it tells how many ______.
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An isotope is an atom with the same number of _______ but a different number of ________.
a. neutrons, protons
b. protons, neutrons
c. protons, electrons
d. electrons, protons
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Review• Calculate the atomic mass
1H 12%2H 48%3H 40%
...)100
%()
100
%( 2
2
1
1
amuamuAverageWeighted
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Nuclear reactions involve changes in an atom’s ___________ while chemical reactions involve changes with _________________.
a. nucleus, electrons
b. electrons, nucleus
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Radioactivity• Chemical reaction involves only an
atom’s electrons – the nucleus remains unchanged
• Nuclear reaction involves a change in an atom’s nucleus (p+ or n0)
• Radioactivity is when substances spontaneously emit radiation
• The rays and particles emitted are radiation
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The reason why atoms undergo radioactive decay is to become unstable.
a. True
b. False
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Radioactivity• When there are too many protons vs neutrons,
the positive charges will repel each other causing the atom to be unstable
• Unstable radioactive decay stable
radioactive decay
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The following show the correct order of strength of radiation from strongest to weakest.
a. alpha, gamma, beta
b. alpha, beta, gamma
c. gamma, beta, alpha
d. gamma, alpha, beta
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Nuclear Reactions
• Alpha Radiation–α 2 protons & 2 neutrons– Can be stopped with paper (tissue paper)
241 = 237 + 495 = 93 +2
He42
HeNpAm 42
23793
24195
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Nuclear Reactions
•Beta Radiation– ß– negative charge– Fast moving electron– Can be stopped with foil (think aluminum foil)
14 = 14 + 0
6 = 7 + -1
01
01147
146 NC
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Nuclear Reactions
• Gamma Radiation– Energy released from breaking bonds in nucleus– Occurs with α or ß radiation– Can be stopped with lead or concrete
238 = 234 + 4 + 0
92 = 90 + 2 + 0
00
0042
23490
23892 HeThU
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• Conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element is called transmutation.
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Half Life- pg 817• Time it takes for ½ of radioisotope’s nuclei
to decay
• Each element has a unique half life– Polonium-214 = 163.7 microseconds– Radon-222 = 3.8 days– Carbon-14 = 5730 years– Uranium-238 = 4,460,000,000 years
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Half Life
• Either memorize formula OR– Amount remaining = initial amount x (½ )n
• Where n is the number of half lives that passed
– Amount remaining = initial amount x (1/2)t/T
• t = elapsed time, T = duration of half life (must be in same units!)
•Draw Pictures
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1. The carbon-14 in a sample of bone has ¼ of its original amount. How old is the bone? (Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years)
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2. Only 1/8th of the original dose of radon-222 remains in a test subject. How long ago was the radon introduced into the test subject’s body? (Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days)
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3. Barium-139 has a half-life of 43 minutes. How many hours will it take to degrade to 1/32nd of its original amount?
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4. Polonium-211 has a half-life of 3.2 days. How long will it take to degrade to 1/128th of its original amount?
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5. Cobalt - 60 is used to detect leaks in water lines. It has a half life of 38 hours. It can not be detected by the sensors after it reaches 1/32 of its original amount. How many days do engineers have to test the water lines before the Cobalt –60 is undetectable?
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Gas prices keep going up, up, and up….
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• The problem now is that cars have to be plug in everyday
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Nuclear Fission• Process of one atom breaking down into
smaller atoms
• http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/chain/chain.htm
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• Biggest problem with nuclear power is the nuclear waste
• Currently, the depleted uranium is stored underground in Yuma, Arizona.
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Nuclear Fusion• Fusion is the process of combining 2 smaller
atoms into one larger atom
• Produces 10 times more energy than fission
• No nuclear waste!
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Recap…• Radiation Penetration
– Alpha α– Beta ß– Gamma γ
• Nuclear power– Biggest problem?
• Waste disposal or nuclear meltdown?
• Fission
• Fusion