Are We There Yet? Zebrafish Nutrition
description
Transcript of Are We There Yet? Zebrafish Nutrition
Are We There Yet?Zebrafish Nutrition
Stephen A. Watts, Louis D’ Abramo, Susan Farmer, Lacey Dennis, Daniel Smith and Mickie L. PowellUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham and Mississippi State University
Why Nutrition?
ZF have been used extensively as a drug and disease model
ZF are a useful toxicology model
Despite their widespread use the nutritional requirements have not been determined
• Ingredients are practical
• Possible anti-nutritional factors
• No indication of quantities
• Use of lakes and dyes
• Use of preservatives
There are no standards among diets in zebrafish
studies!!
Where do we start?
Examples of Nutrition Studies
Considerations in the Use of Formulated Diets
Age: Larval vs juvenile vs adult (breeding)
Physical form of the diet
Feed Frequency
Protein source/quality
Carbohydrate
Lipid and Fatty Acids
Gut Retention Time
Bacteria
Culture Container
MethodsFish were co-cultured with enriched rotifers
for the first 5 days post hatch and fed Artemia for 11 days prior to stocking.
At 21 days post hatch 15 fish were stocked randomly into 2.8 liter tanks and maintained on a recirculating zebrafish system.
For each diet, fish were fed a ration in excess of 5% of their body weight per day, divided into two feedings.
Fish were photographed and weighed every two weeks to measure growth and adjust feed rations.
UAB Z-12 Diet
Formulation
Ingredient %casein - vitafree 25.00fish protein hydrolysate 20.00wheat starch 9.60wheat gluten 7.00alginate 5.38soy protein isolate 5.00dextrin 5.00menhaden fish oil 4.67soy lecithin (refined) 4.00vitamin premix 4.00mineral premix 3.00corn oil 2.33canthaxanthin (10%) 2.31potassium phosphate monobasic 1.15alpha cellulose 1.00glucosamine 0.25betaine 0.15cholesterol 0.12ascorbylpalmitate 0.04
Total 100.00
Week 10
Artemia Gemma
Diet Body Condition Index
Artemia 0.98
Gemma 1.09
Z-12 1.19
Ziegler 1.24
Otohime 1.24
Tetramin 1.32
High BCILow
BCI
Can one nutrient affect experimental
outcomes?
ProteinMixed source vs sole source
Amino Acid
Analysis
MIXED FPI CAS SOY WGCysteine 0.400 0.400 0.190 0.530 1.010Methionine 1.080 1.160 1.320 0.560 0.730Lysine 2.930 3.200 3.610 2.700 0.660Alanine 1.894 2.915 1.427 1.932 1.249Arginine 2.090 2.748 1.642 3.187 1.547Aspartic Acid 3.284 3.849 3.322 4.996 1.509Glutamic Acid 9.631 5.626 10.120 8.388 18.060Glycine 2.072 3.984 0.876 1.848 1.622Isoleucine 2.023 1.709 2.394 2.132 1.763Leucine 3.631 2.866 4.354 3.500 3.293Serine 2.140 1.804 2.461 2.103 2.177Threonine 1.706 1.744 1.917 1.612 1.217Valine 2.424 2.019 3.016 2.196 1.868Histidine 1.120 0.940 1.337 1.110 0.975Phenylalanine 2.130 1.573 2.387 2.325 2.600Tyrosine 1.877 1.574 2.372 1.473 1.491Taurine 0.098 0.367 0.010 0.010 0.010Tryptophan 0.506 0.374 0.620 0.582 0.467
µCT of Mixed Protein and Soy Protein Diets
Bone Alterations
ConclusionsAll diets supported growth and survival. However,
commercial diets contain undefined ingredients.
The consequence: Nutrients and nutrient source affect outcomes.
Any health or disease-related outcomes will be affected by diet.
Interpretation of experimental results must be made within the context of a defined nutritional history, or lack thereof.
Microbiome?
AcknowledgmentsUAB NORC Aquatic Animals Research
Core (NIH P30DK056336).
Jeff Barry, Adele Fowler, Chris Taylor, Michael Williams, Karen Jensen, Marlee Hayes
ACLAM