are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition,...

38
Impacts of CCR Management Audits and How Utilities are Responding Jason Pokorny, PE Steve Putrich, PE

Transcript of are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition,...

Page 1: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Impacts o

f CCR

 Managem

ent 

Audits and

 How

 Utilities are 

Respon

ding

Jason Po

korny, PE

Steve Pu

trich, PE

2015

Wo

rld

of

Co

al A

sh (

WO

CA

) C

on

fere

nce

in N

asvh

ille,

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- M

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Page 2: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

2

1Final Rule Highlights

2Ho

w Utilities Have Prep

ared

3Au

dit O

verview & Lessons Learned

4What U

tilities are Doing

Key Po

ints

Page 3: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Final Rule Highlights

Page 4: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Final CCR

 Rule

•For purpo

ses of th

is presentatio

n, we assume the grou

p has a

 gen

eral to

 de

tailed un

derstand

ing of th

e Final Rule

•The

 Rule is complex and

 has layers of interpretation

•Definition

s are key

•The

re are not definitive answers to all site

‐spe

cific sc

enarios

–Legal team sh

ould be integral to

 process

–Falls back on

 “recognize

d and gene

rally accep

ted good

 engineerin

g practice” to

 meet the

 specified

 requ

irements or top

ics that a

re m

ore vague 

4

Page 5: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Site‐Spe

cific Nature of App

licability

•The

 truth is, th

ere is no

t one

 size fits all or one

 right a

nswer –de

pend

s on

 utility

 risk to

lerance, m

anagem

ent strategies, and

 managem

ent/bu

dget

•Spe

cific app

lications to

 Rule requ

ire site‐spe

cific inform

ation, so

 illustrations/examples, com

men

ts are not app

licable fo

r every site

•For an inform

ed answer, have to look

 at site

‐spe

cific inform

ation that will 

includ

e site cond

ition

s/siting issue

s:•History

•Geo

technical &

 hydrogeology/GW con

ditio

ns, 

•Surface water m

anagem

ent con

ditio

ns; 

•Interrelationship with

 other CCR

 units on site; 

•Plant o

peratio

nal plans; and

•Interplay/coordinatio

n with

 other com

pliance standards

5

Page 6: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

6

New

CCR Im

poun

dmen

ts, landfills/ 

land

fill lateral expansio

ns m

ust 

demon

strate com

pliance prior to 

placing CC

R materials.

Apr 2015

Oct 2015

Oct 2016

Oct 2017

Apr 2018

Oct 2018

Page 7: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

What to Focus o

n Now

•Recon

figuring “Status D

esignatio

ns” of units/site

s

•Potentia

l Causal Trig

gers

–Stability

–Groun

dwater

–Sitin

g

•Internal Team and

 Managem

ent

•Ultimately –Ke

eping Your Plant Ope

ratin

g

7

Page 8: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

How Utilities Have Prep

ared

Page 9: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Wha

t is the

 Spe

ctrum of U

tility

 Activity

?

9

•Proa

ctive versus Reactiona

ry•Whe

re do I stand

? How

 do I 

compa

re to

 the indu

stry?

Page 10: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Level of A

ctivity

 Silos

•Tho

se th

at have be

en re

stricted (regulated

 vs. de‐regulated)

•Tho

se th

at have moved

 slow

–Available Bu

dget

–Limite

d Staff

–Managem

ent h

urdles

–Other Focuses (A

ir, etc)

•Tho

se th

at are aggressive

–De

veloping

 internal m

anagem

ent p

rotocols

–Bu

y‐in from

 Managem

ent 

10

Restricted

Aggressive

Slow

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What R

oadb

locks/Hurdles

are We Seeing?

•Internal Sched

ule, $$ Allocatio

n Und

er‐Bud

geted (fo

r 201

5/16

/17)

•Lack of utility

 staff/resources

•Con

flicts w

ith State Permits/Program

s (e.g. we want to close no

w und

er 

fede

ral, bu

t state has 12 to 18 mon

th lead

 time to app

rove und

er its 

perm

itting programs)

•Status D

esignatio

ns of Inactive and Second

ary/Tertiary Pon

ds

•Historic Im

poun

dments –Closed

, Idled

,  Inactive

•Misc

onception that entire

 state pe

rmitted

 land

fill (with

 portio

ns not 

“existing”) m

eans th

e remaining

 footprint n

ot im

pacted

 by Ru

le

•Staging

 Area Managem

ent –

being “con

tainerize

d”

11

Page 12: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Audits Overview and

 Lessons Learned

Page 13: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Type

s of A

udits and

 Purpo

se

13Programmatic Aud

its

•Outcome = De

term

ine whe

re to

 focus 

resources

Detailed Multim

edia Aud

its

•Outcome = Thorou

gh Preparatio

n, Strategy, 

and Ab

ility to

 Act

Page 14: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Compliance by

 “Definition

”….from

 the Bo

ttom

 Up or Top

 Dow

n, W

hat D

oes that M

ean or Loo

k Like?

3 STEP

S

•1st–Und

erstan

d the Ru

le:  What d

oes it say, digest it, apply it

•2nd–Ap

ply the Ru

le:Iden

tify & aud

it for com

pliance ‐Every 

know

n or poten

tially kno

wn CC

R un

it [In

ventory/Status 

Desig

natio

ns, A

pplicability]

14

Page 15: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Compliance by

 “Definition

”….from

 the Bo

ttom

 Up or Top

 Dow

n, W

hat D

oes that M

ean or Loo

k Like?

•3rd–Strategic Plan

ning

 and

 Action

Yes–

Status Quo

 may be fin

e

No–What d

o we have to

 do “To Co

mply”

Maybe

/Never

‐the

 answer to

 “what if w

e can’t com

ply”, or “if the 

cost is to

o high”, or “we do

n’t h

ave en

ough

 time”, or “it do

esn’t 

mesh with

 the rest of o

ur overall CC

R plan”, or if we did “w

e’d 

have to

 make a dracon

ian change/shu

t‐do

wn”

Alternate and/or Sup

porting Co

mpliance Strategies?

15

Page 16: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

What can

 you

 do by th

e Effective Da

te?

•De

term

ine what u

nits are exempt/regulated

•An

y po

tential closure triggers you

 can

 add

ress?

•“Lined

” vs. U

nlined

 Impo

undm

ent?

•CC

R Piles v

s. CCR

 “Staging Areas”

•Proactive constructio

n or closure activities

•Groun

dwater M

onito

ring Program –Prelim

inary Und

erstanding

•Do

cumen

tatio

n de

velopm

ent / PE certificatio

ns–Web

site and protocols

16

Stability?

Page 17: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Compliance De

mon

stratio

ns•W

hat to focus o

n: 

–First, Du

st Con

trol Plan

•Need to find

 metho

d to “e

mplace CC

R as con

ditio

ns” or che

mical dust sup

pressio

n agents?

•May re

quire

 time to im

plem

ent o

peratio

nal changes prio

r to Effective Da

te

–Po

tential causal trig

gers

•Structural Integrity

 Assessm

ents

–Ab

ility to

 Retrofit to

 meet FS?

–Otherwise

, a definitive answer to

 und

erstand ne

ed fo

r alte

rnative managem

ent (dry conversio

n, new

 unit)

•Sitin

g–Need tim

e to develop

 alte

rnative path?

–Need tim

e to determine if you can resolve?

17

Page 18: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Compliance De

mon

stratio

ns•W

hy Early?

–De

velop process for:

•Internal re

view

–Give tim

e for layers o

f internal review/com

ment

–Legal

–Branding

 of u

nits

–Nam

ing conventio

ns•External re

view

–Gives te

am buy‐in

 that re

sults are correct

–Co

nsisten

cy–Manage level of aggression or con

servatism

–Alternate compliance standards

18

Page 19: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Internal Ju

stificatio

ns fo

r Exempting Units

•Since Rule is self‐im

plem

entin

g, develop

 a basis for w

hy you

 are 

exem

pting a un

it–“Closed” im

poun

dment

–Inactive Im

poun

dments

–Staging Areas instead

 of C

CR Piles

•Don

’t wait for outsid

e EN

GO to

 inqu

ire

•Develop

s a com

mon

 und

erstanding

 internally

–Co

mmon

 talking po

ints and

 und

erstanding

 for a

ll layers of o

rganiza

tion

•Not intend

ed to

 be placed

 on pu

blic web

site (in

 back po

cket)

19

Page 20: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

So W

hat A

re Utilities Doing?

‐Status Designatio

ns‐

Land

fill Expansio

ns‐

Staging Areas

‐Groun

dwater

‐Da

ta M

anagem

ent

Page 21: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Defin

ing An

 Impo

undm

ent’s “Status Designatio

n”•Ha

s it a

lready be

en closed?

•Was it designe

d to re

ceive CC

Rs?

–De

term

ines: C

CR or N

on‐CCR

 Impo

undm

ent

•If CC

R Im

poun

dment, do

es it and

/or w

ill it con

tinue

 to re

ceive CC

Rs after Effe

ctive Da

te?

–De

term

ines: A

ctive or Inactive CC

R Im

poun

dment

•If Active, is it idled with

 capacity

 remaining

 or p

lans fo

r ben

eficial use?

–De

term

ines: W

hen closure may be triggered

•If Active, doe

s it m

eet the

 definition

 of an existing lined

 impo

undm

ent?

–De

term

ines: Lined

 or U

nlined

 Existing Im

poun

dment

•If Inactive, do you plan

 on closing in 36 mon

ths?

–De

term

ines: W

hich criteria app

ly21

Page 22: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Second

ary/Tertiary 

Pond

s ‐De

signatio

n•A

ssum

e the scen

ario sh

own

•Key Que

stions to

 Ask:

–Was th

is po

nd orig

inally designe

d to hold an

 accum

ulation of CCR

s?–Do

es it treat, store, or d

ispose of 

CCR?

–Do

es it re

ceive sig

nificant 

amou

nts o

f CCR

?–Even

 if orig

inal design did no

t intend

 for it to be

 a CCR

 im

poun

dment b

y defin

ition

, has it 

ever acted

 as o

ne?

22

Prim

ary

(Dire

ct Sluice)

Second

ary

Tertiary

Page 23: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Second

ary/Tertiary Im

poun

dments ‐

Limiting

 CCR

 Material D

ischarge 

•Lon

gest Flow Path for S

ettling

•Hanging

 Baffle

s

•Decant S

tructures

23

INTENT?

MODIFY DOWNSTRE

AM 

IMPO

UNDMEN

T  STATU

S

Page 24: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Opp

ortunistic Con

struction Activ

ities –

Pond

 Recon

figuration

24

ACTIVE

24

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

HISTORIC

HISTORIC

ACTIVE

PROPO

SED

INAC

TIVE

INAC

TIVE

PROPO

SED

Page 25: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Historic “Closed

” vs. Inactive Im

poun

dments 

•Need to m

ake de

term

ination if un

it is “closed” or sim

ply “inactive” (m

eaning

 it 

no longer re

ceives CCR

 after Effe

ctive Da

te but still con

tains C

CRs a

nd liqu

ids)

–Is it “breached

 and

 dew

atered

”?  Can

 it im

poun

d water (closest definition

 to “c

losed”?

Prea

mble Pa

ge 21409

Prea

mble Pa

ge 21343

–If it still has liqu

ids and/or th

e ability to

 impo

und liquids, m

ay be considered

 “inactive” 

instead of “c

losed” and

 therefore subject to the regulatio

n

25

Page 26: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

“Strategic” Ve

rtical or H

orizo

ntal Expansio

n?

26

Amen

ded Pe

rmit Expa

nsion

Page 27: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Entire Perm

itted

 Landfill vs. “Existing Land

fill”

27

250 A

cre P

erm

itted

La

ndfil

l10

Pha

ses

Over

60 Y

ears

of

Tota

l Life

Existin

g Footprint 

is 25 

acres as 

of to

day

Page 28: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Strategic CC

R Land

fill 

Horizon

tal Expansio

n

28

Existing

Proposed

Existin

g

Prop

osed

Page 29: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Tempo

rary Stockpiling

•A tempo

rary stockpile of C

CRs p

laced 

on land

 at the

 plant site in

 an 

“unp

rotected

 manne

r” is con

sidered

 to 

be a “CC

R Pile”

•The de

finition

 of a

 “CC

R Pile” is:

–any no

n‐containe

rized

 accum

ulation 

of so

lid, non

‐flow

ing CC

R that is 

placed

 on land

.  CC

R that is 

beneficially used off‐site

 is not a CCR

 pile.

•“CCR

 Pile” = CC

R Land

fill 

29

Page 30: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

CCR Piles

•To clarify

 the de

finition

, the

 EPA

 disc

usses its intent of the

 term

 non

‐containe

rized

on page 21356 of th

e Preamble:

–The use of th

e ph

rase “no

n‐containe

rized

” is no

t inten

ded to re

quire

 that all activ

ities occur with

in ta

nks or con

tainment structures, but 

merely that sp

ecific measures h

ave be

en ado

pted

 to con

trol exposures 

to hum

an health

 and

 the environm

ent.  

–This could includ

e placem

ent o

f the

 CCR

 on an

 impe

rvious base such 

as asphalt, con

crete, or a

 geo

mem

brane; leachate and

 run‐off 

collection; and

 walls or wind barriers.  

30

Page 31: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

“Con

tainerize

d” Staging

 Areas

31

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Bene

ficial U

ses

•Coal M

ine Re

clam

ation

•Roadw

ay Activities/Agricultural

•Mining ou

t historic disp

osal activities

32

Page 33: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Groun

dwater 

Mon

itorin

g

33

Page 34: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Gen

eral Tim

eline –Groun

dwater M

onito

ring

30 M

onths –

Whe

re did th

e tim

e go?

34

Publish Date

Minim

um Recom

men

ded 

Sampling  Period = 12

 Mon

ths

30 months

Effective Date

18 months

CERTIFY

Can you pu

ll some of th

ese activ

ities fo

rward to allow m

ore tim

e for sam

pling and analyses?

Page 35: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Early

 Groun

dwater Analyses

•Groun

dwater Flow Dire

ction and Elevations

•Site

 Con

ceptual M

odels

35

Page 36: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Inform

ation Managem

ent

36

Step

 3: R

eview Develop

ed Con

tent & Post M

aterial to Pu

blic Site

Professio

nal Third Party Review

Post to

 Pub

lic Portal “Go Live”

Prep

are respon

ses for potentia

l qu

estio

ns

Step

 2: C

CR W

ebsite Logistics, Design, Con

tent, Review Criteria 

Develop web

site  strategy, 

implem

entatio

n  sc

hedu

le w/ a

ction 

items &

 respon

sibilitie

s

Review

 existing material, identify 

othe

r related

 pub

lic inform

ation,

Develop requ

ired content p

er plan 

for C

CR Com

pliance, PE requ

ired 

sign offs

Step

 1: D

evelop

 CCR

 Pub

lic W

ebsite Im

plem

entatio

n & Action Plan

 

Develop CC

R Strategy & Im

plem

entatio

n Plan

 for e

ach 

CCR Unit

Determ

ine  Ope

ratin

g Re

cord Req

. for each compliance 

compo

nent  for each affected

 unit &

  minim

um  level of  

content req

uired for w

ebsite  

Page 37: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Conclusio

n•P

ublishing

 of R

ule has forced utilitie

s to act

•The

re is still time to m

anage risk and fin

d op

portun

ities to

 actively 

manage assets and

 plan

•Gettin

g all critical personn

el (e

ng/enviro

/legal/p

lant/m

anagem

ent) in

 the 

same room

 and

 on same path fo

rward is of utm

ost impo

rtance

37

Page 38: are Utilities CCR Impacts · design did not intend for it to be a CCR impoundment by definition, has it ever acted as one? 22 Primary (Direct Sluice) Secondary Tertiary. Secondary/Tertiary

Impacts o

f CCR

 Managem

ent A

udits and

 Ho

w Utilities are Respo

nding

JASO

N POKO

RNY, PE

STEV

E PU

TRICH PE

QUESTIONS??

Than

k you