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patibilities leading to graft rejectionmay relate particularly to white cellantigens. C. L. Markert (Johns Hop-kins) then showed that each species andtissue contains its own characteristicpattern of isozymes, the patterns chang-ing systematically during development.In his summarizing remarks on thesymposium, Dobzhansky reminded theaudience of the succession of primlaryobjects of attention (for example, Dro-sophila, viruses, nucleic acids) of gen-eticists over the years. He emphasizedthe advantages offered by the use ofman in genetic investigations.

It was widely agreed that the remark-able developments in the study of thenucleic acid control of protein synthesisnow lead to difficult problems involvingthe mechanism of expression of geneticfactors in more biological terms-forexample, in growth and differentiation.The vice-presidential address of J. B.Youmans (American Medical Associa-tion) was highly relevant to the pro-gram in that he discussed the increasingimportance of medical problems withgenetic facets and recomniended expan-sion and improvement in the teachingof genetics in medical schools.

OSCAR TOUSTER, Secre sery

Dentistry (Section Nd)

Section Nd, in keeping with the gen-eral program scheme of recent years,again chose to organize a multidis-ciplinary symposium on a topic basicto oral health-namely, oral aspects ofgenetics.The two-session symposium, held in

the Cosmopolitan Hotel on 27 Decem-ber, was organized under the directionof Albert A. Dahlberg (University ofChicago), with the cosponsorship ofSection N (Medicine); the InternationalAssociation for Dental Research, NorthAmerican Division; the American Den-tal Association; and the American Col-lege of Dentists.The morning session covered the

following subjects: recent advances indental genetics (C. J. Witkop, Jr., Na-tional Institute of Dental Research);the respective roles of twin, sibling,family, and population methods indentomedical studies (R. H. Osborne,Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Re-search and Cornell University MedicalCollege); effects of heredity and environ-ment on the development of the denti-tion (J. D. Niswander, University ofMichigan Medical School); chromo-somes, nondisjunctions, and oral anom-

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alies (R. Gorlin, University of Minne-sota); and the effectiveness of selectionin producing laboratory stocks gen-etically uniform for resistance orsusceptibility to dental caries (H. R.Hunt, Michigan State. University, andS. Rosen, School of Dentistry, OhioState University).The afternoon session covered family

studies of the facial complex (B. Hanna,National Institute of Dental Research);clinical aspects of genetic research indentistry (S. L. Horowitz, BellevueMedical Center and School of Dentaland Oral Surgery, Columbia); thirdmolar polymorphism and dental gen-etics (S. M. Garn and A. B. Lewis, FelsResearch Institute); and the regulativechanges in tooth germs grown in tissueculture (S. Glasstone Hughes, Strange-ways Research Laboratories, Cam-bridge, England). The symposium wasconcluded with a general discussion bythe panel and audience.

In addition, Section Nd cospon-sored a meeting, on 28 December, oncareer opportunities in medicine anddentistry, arranged by Alpha EpsilonDelta, which attracted a large audience.After introductory remarks (NormanF. Witt, University of Colorado) twoformal reports were presented, on thefuture needs in medicine (A. N. Taylor,American Medical Association) and indentistry (R. F. Sognnaes, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, Medical Cen-ter, School of Dentistry). There fol-lowed two panel discussions, on futurechallenges for physicians and dentists.The dental panel was moderated by H.B. G. Robinson (School of Dentistry,University of Kansas City), with dis-cussants from several schools: W. C.Fleming (University of California, SanFrancisco, Medical Center), H. J. Noyes(University of Oregon Dental School),and B. C. McKinney (University ofTexas).

After a group luncheon, addressedby Robert J. Glaser (University ofColorado Medical Center), arrange-ments were made for individual confer-ences with college admissions officialsand for visits to local professionalschools.

After these sessions Section Nd co-sponsored, with Section N (Medicine),a 2-day symposium on general aspectsof genetics.Ned B. Williams (University of

Pennsylvania School of Dentistry) waselected to succeed Harold J. Noyes asvice president and chairman of SectionNd (for 1962); for committeman-at-large (1962-65), S. Wah Leung (Uni-16 FEBRUARY 1962

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versity of California, Los Angeles,School of Dentistry) was elected to suc--ceed Thomas Hill, who has completedhis 4-year term of office.

REIDAR F. SOGNNAES, Secretary

Pharmaceutical Sciences(Section Np)

Section Np held eight sessions, 27through 29 December. There were 28contributed papers on various studies,and one symposium was held jointlywith sections on the zoological sciences,the botanical sciences, anthropology,psychology, the medical sciences, den-tistry, agriculture, and education. Over350 persons attended one or more ofthe pharmacy section meetings.

The AAAS Council, the governingbody of the association, elected JohnAutian (School of Pharmacy, Univer-sity of Texas) a vice president of theassociation and elected George F. Arch-ambault (chief, Pharmacy Branch,Division of Hospitals, Bureau of Medi-cal Services, U.S. Public Health Serv-ice) to serve on the committee-at-largeof the section for a 4-year term. Autianwill serve as chairman of the section for

the coming year and will preside at thePhiladelphia meeting in 1962. John E.Christian (head of the bionucleonicsdepartment, Purdue) continues to serveas secretary of the section.Of major interest to the group in at-

tendance was a most interesting andstimulating vice-presidential address en-titled "Pharmacy and hospital pharm-acy," presented by Joseph A. Oddis.An interdisciplinary symposium in thebiological-medical sciences, entitled"Existing levels of radioactivity in manand his environment-measurementand significance," attracted wide atten-tion on the part not only of thepharmaceutical scientists but of manyindividuals from other scientific dis-ciplines. Over 250 persons attended thissession. Christian gave introductory re-marks and radioisotope demonstrations,served as presiding officer, and servedas moderator of the question and dis-cussion session. Wright H. Langhamand Ernest C. Anderson of the LosAlamos Scientific Laboratory discussed,respectively, "Radioactivity levels inman and his environment" and "Appli-cation and measurement of the existingradioactivity of people and foods."James R. Arnold (University of Cali-

fornia) discussed existing levels of cos-mic-ray-produced radioactivity, and P.R. J. Burch (University of Leeds) spokeon the relationship of existing radiationlevels to carcinogenesis.The hospital pharmacy group had a

most informative and well-attendedfull-day session of discussions and con-tributed papers on the scientific aspectsof hospital pharmacy, under theguidance of Oddis, Don E. Francke,and Gloria Francke. The followinggroups were represented: the Ameri-can Society of Hospital Pharmacists,the American Pharmaceutical Associa-tion, the Colorado Society of HospitalPharmacists, the American Associationof Colleges of Pharmacy, the AmericanHospital Association, and the AmericanCollege of Apothecaries. Luncheon, en-tertainment, and dinner were sponsoredby E. R. Squibb and Sons, Wyeth Lab-oratories, and McKesson and Robbins,Inc., respectively.

Autian opened the session for con-tributed papers which consisted ofpresentation of the results of originalscientific investigations. Wayne V. Kess-ler and his coworkers at Purdue pre-sented information on the design andoperating characteristics of a large 2-pi-liquid scintillation counter for largesamples, including man and animals.R. S. McCutcheon (Oregon State Col-lege) discussed antiarrhythmic actionsof primaquine and amodiquin com-pounds with quinidine. The effects ofreserpine pretreatment on drug re-sponses were explained by R. G. Brown(University of Texas). D. B. Meyers(Butler) presented a pharmacologicalevaluation of six aromatic hydrazides,and D. C. Fitzgerald (Creighton) dis-cussed estrogen levels and personalitycharacteristics in adolescent females.G. H. Hamor described the synthesisand diuretic activity of 2-methyl-6-sul-famoylsaccharin.

Kessler presided over the remainderof the session, in which Autian pre-sented the effect of quaternary ammo-nium compounds on polyvinyl chlorideused in medical practice; L. A. Sciu-chetti (Oregon State University) pre-sented studies on the influence of gib-berellic acid and kinetin on growth andalkaloid patterns; H. A. Lieberman(Warner-Lambert Research Institute)discussed the drying of tablet granula-tions in fluidized beds; T. P. Michaels(Merck Sharp and Dohme) presentedan assay procedure for residual amountsof acetone in film-coated tablets; andW. W. Stiles (University of California)presented his views on preventive medi-

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Dentistry (Section Nd)Reidar F. Sognnaes

DOI: 10.1126/science.135.3503.556 (3503), 556-558.135Science 

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