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Arduino Programming 101Lesson 2: Creating Your First Sketch



Topics to be CoveredProgramming Syntax

Arduino Syntax

Setting Up Your First Sketch

Completing Your First Sketch

The Final Product



Programming SyntaxCode is written as a series of commands

In Arduino, commands are written line by line. However:

When reading code, compilers don’t think like people

Most Compilers (Arduino) don’t see tabs or returns

As a result, we have to tell the compiler where each line ends and when we want to target multiple lines, we must indicate the start and end of the lines to target



Arduino Syntax

The Semi-Colon ; is used to end a command/line

Curly Brackets { } are used to indicate the beginning and end of a targeted section of code

Parenthesis ( ) are used to pass variables to functions



Arduino Syntax (cont.)

Square Brackets [ ] are used to indicate arrays (or lists of variables)

Two Forward Slashes // are used to indicate a comment (or a single line that the compiler ignores)

/* & */ are used to indicate the beginning and end of a multi-lined comment (or multiple lines that the compiler ignores)



We will begin with the basic code that every Arduino program requires.

Reference: Examples>01.Basics>BareMinimum

Every Arduino program begins with a setup method

When the Arduino resets, it runs the code in the setup method ONCE. This code often defines important variables and other functions that only need to be run once each time the program is run

!void setup() {! // put your setup code here, to run once:!!}!

Setting Up Your First Sketch



The other necessary method for every Arduino program is the loop method

After the setup method iscompleted, the Arduino runs the loop method over and over again until it is powered down or reset.

This is much like the Mindstorms NXT programs where a mini-sumo bot would run all of its code inside a loop that repeated forever

!void loop() {! // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: ! !}!



Completing Your First SketchGoal: Write an Arduino Program that will “blink” the On-Board LED

Step 1: Start with Bare Minimum Code

Step 2: Define LED pin for later use

All Arduino UNO’s have an LED built into pin # 13, so when you activate pin 13, the LED turns on

int led = 13;

void setup() {!!}!void loop() {!!}



Step 3: In the Setup method, tell Arduino that pin 13 will be an OUTPUT pin, or a pin you will be using to send a signal from the Arduino

Quick Method Introduction: digitalWrite( )

Argument 1 should be pin number

Argument 2 is a constant value. Either HIGH or LOW. HIGH turns the signal on and LOW turns the signal off

digitalWrite(pin, value);



For pausing (so the light stays on for a given amount of time), we will use the delay( ) method

Step 4: Writing the Loop Method

1) Turn LED on

2) Pause

3) Turn LED off

4) Pause

void loop() {!! digitalWrite(led, HIGH);!! delay(1000); !! digitalWrite(led, LOW);!! delay(1000); !!}

delay(milliseconds);



The Final ProductThis completed code can be uploaded to the Arduino UNO

Plug the USB cord from the Arduino to your PC

Click Verify and then Upload in the Arduino Program

Enjoy the Blinking LED

int led = 13;!!void setup() { ! pinMode(led, OUTPUT); !}!!void loop() {! digitalWrite(led, HIGH);! delay(1000); ! digitalWrite(led, LOW);! delay(1000); !}!

Reference: Examples>01.Basics>Blink



The EndQuestions? Comments? Concerns? Suggestions? Please let me know!


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