Arctic Ocean Diversity ArcOD Regional focus – three environments: biodiversity in the Arctic sea...
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Transcript of Arctic Ocean Diversity ArcOD Regional focus – three environments: biodiversity in the Arctic sea...
Arctic Ocean Diversity ArcODArctic Ocean Diversity ArcOD
Regional focus – three environmentsRegional focus – three environments: : biodiversity in the Arctic sea ice, water column biodiversity in the Arctic sea ice, water column and sea floor from the shallow shelves to the and sea floor from the shallow shelves to the deep basinsdeep basins
StrategyStrategy::Compilation of existing Compilation of existing data, taxonomic data, taxonomic identification of existing identification of existing samples, new samples, new collections focusing on collections focusing on taxonomic & regional taxonomic & regional gaps. gaps.
- Pan-Arctic- Across realms- Protists, Invertebrates & Fish- recent extension into sub-Arctic- Comparison to CAML
Global Scope of ProjectGlobal Scope of Project
GIS modeling based on ArcOD data: Metridia longa, Rutzen et al.
Linking diversity to ecosystem functioning: 3 current examples (unpubl.)
Linkages between habitats: ice Linkages between habitats: ice algae control light (Gradinger in algae control light (Gradinger in
press)press)
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7 8 119
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St. 6ACW
St. 10AW
13C
13C6.4
13C3.2
Comparing ecosystem structure – Comparing ecosystem structure – environment (Iken et al.)environment (Iken et al.)
More than presence data neededMore than presence data needed
2007 Scientific Results Tidbits2007 Scientific Results Tidbits
Changes on community Changes on community levellevel
Sirenko et al.
Immigration of new speciesImmigration of new species
2007 Scientific Results2007 Scientific Results
Biological implications of Arctic warming
Grebmeier et al. 2006
Sirenko et al.Gradinger, Iken, Bluhm in prep
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Bottomfloe
Bottomridge
Ridgeside
Topridge
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Gradinger, Iken, BluhmGradinger, Iken, Bluhm
Refugia for Arctic taxaRefugia for Arctic taxa
Arctic DiversityArctic Diversity
invertebrates: ~ 5,000fishes: ~ 400microalgae: >400macroalgae: ~? (NAGISA)
New speciesNew species
New speciesNew species
New speciesNew species
Current inventoryCurrent inventory
Discovered in ArcOD: ~ 30To be discovered: few macro, several meio, many micro
DistributionDistribution
Origin of species: Pacific - Atlantic - Arctic/ endemisms?Least known regions/urgent questions:Diversity of deep sea regions ANDChange of ranges as a result of climate change and variability
Kosobokova et al. 2007Kosobokova et al. 2007
Euaugaptilus hyperboreus
Abundance/BiomassAbundance/Biomass
There is no such thing as THE Arctic:- Strong gradients on all trophic levels in all habitats- Great variability within shelves & basins- Less known: gradients at central ridges, seeps? Grebmeier et al. 2006
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phaeo (mg/m2)chl (mg/m2)
Chukchi Shelf Slope
Spring 2002 Gradinger in pressKolga hyalina Chukchi Cap, MacDonald et al. in prep
Steps Toward Project SynthesisSteps Toward Project Synthesis
- understand linkages between small-scale / intermediate structure and species/community- capture full range of abundance & distribution e.g.: sea ice pressure ridges, sea floor depressions, ocean fronts (global phenomenon)
67.2 67.4 67.6 67.8 68 68.2
Latitude o
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Tem perature ( o
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Bluhm et al. in press
Combine community analysisCombine community analysisGIS modelingGIS modeling
Steps Toward Realm SynthesisSteps Toward Realm SynthesisData integration (ongoing):
- Collaboration on pan-Arctic scale- joint data base- input through minigrant process
Metridia longa, Rutzen et al.
Final product: Manuscripts (Special issue in 2008/09), Final product: Manuscripts (Special issue in 2008/09), symposia (2009), book (2010) symposia (2009), book (2010)
Kosobokova et al. 2007Kosobokova et al. 2007
Data Synthesis Arctic – AntarcticData Synthesis Arctic – Antarctic
Synthesis approach in book project Synthesis approach in book project
Services of a habitat and its Services of a habitat and its associated flora and fauna for all associated flora and fauna for all
stakeholdersstakeholders Book about sea ice services to be published in 2008/2009Book about sea ice services to be published in 2008/2009
- Heat budget, coastal erosion, oceanography- Heat budget, coastal erosion, oceanography-Native subsistence huntNative subsistence hunt
-Biodiversity Biodiversity -Beauty (Tourism)Beauty (Tourism)
-Resource explorationResource exploration
-Will have DVD with video clips produced by group of arts Will have DVD with video clips produced by group of arts students joining us in the fieldstudents joining us in the field
Visualization & CommunicationVisualization & Communication
Iconic graph:Prognostic biodiversity modeling based on Arctic warming impacts
aim: identify regions of maximum likelihood of diversity change
Similar to: ACIA 2005 report
Visualization & CommunicationVisualization & Communication
What are 1-2 additional “iconic” graphics summarizing the work of your project or realm that might be considered for the 2010 Synthesis?
- Map of current Arctic diversity patterns
-Map of sampling effort in the Arctic-Map all ship tracks ever conducting scientific sampling in the Arctic
3 major scientific achievements of your project- species data from past and current Arctic marine research projects incl. IPY made available- improved taxonomy of Arctic groups- (Publication of taxonomic keys)
- Student training
Science ImpactScience Impact
New speciesNew species
Baselines for… climate warming… oil and gas exploration … opening of shipping routes… ALL stakeholders
Expected Societal Impact Expected Societal Impact
Project Data Available in OBISProject Data Available in OBIS
The ArcOD data legacy:GBIF/AOOS records: 20570OBIS records: 3238
How much of that is new this year? Almost all
Total records available one year from now: >80,000
Species and depth coverage of the data.Nearshore to >3000 mFishes, zoobenthos, zooplankton, sea ice faunaTo come: phytoplankton, sea ice algae (>20,000 records)
Education & OutreachEducation & Outreach
Ocean Hall 2008IPY calendarPaintings, seminars,Images, Student training
Next StepsNext Steps
Until 2009: continue current data production2009/2010: Pan-Arctic Analysis as outlined beforeBeyond 2010: Establish and continue biological monitoring of Arctic seas on Pan-Arctic scale – involve ALL stakeholders
Zoo-plankton
Benthos
Icealgae
Phyto-plankton
Diving ducks
Walrus
Gray whaleBearded seal
Demersal fish
Zoo-plankton
Benthos
Phyto-plankton
Icealgae
Sea birds
Pelagic fish
MinkeBowhead
Modified from Carroll and Carroll 2003Modified from Carroll and Carroll 2003
Biological Monitoring Effort in EuropeBiological Monitoring Effort in Europe
Limits to KnowledgeLimits to Knowledge
Limits: Same old story: vastness of area, inaccessibility (logistical, political), current focus on processes, lack of taxonomists
Solutions: Barcoding, disappearing summer sea ice, ice breakers, ocean observing systems, imaging techniques, Involve public and industry
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
• Funding: DFG, NOAA, NSF, RAS, Funding: DFG, NOAA, NSF, RAS, Sloan F, and others Sloan F, and others
• Photo credit: Bluhm, Gradinger, Photo credit: Bluhm, Gradinger, Hopcroft, Iken, Raskoff, Hopcroft, Iken, Raskoff, Rogacheva, ROV Global ExplorerRogacheva, ROV Global Explorer