ARCS Model of MotivationMark A. Woolwine- ELFH 661

• Developed by John Keller in 1979 • Believed that we have not given adequate attention to

the problem of motivation in instructional theory and technology

• Theory developed around two major influences: • Behavior • Cognitive and Instructional Theory • These gave partial knowledge of how people

learn. No indication of knowledge about why they learn

What is ARCS Model of Motivation?

Keller (1984), stated that the “ARCS model is a system for improving the motivational appeal of

instructional materials, of instructor behavior, and the way in which lessons (or modules) and courses are

designed” (p. 140).

Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfaction

ARCS is comprised of four basic categories of motivational conditions and a systematic process for implementation

Define Design Develop

Pilot

RESEARCHKeller (1984)- Teacher Training WorkshopsMeans, Jonassen, & Dwyer (1997)- Investigated the

cognitive effects of motivation based on the relevance of what is being learned

Tilar & Rossett (1993)- Effectiveness of job aids based on the different elements of ARCS

Klein (1990)- Looked computer based modules regarding confidence and satisfaction

Price (1989)- Looked at textual display and learner attention.

DuPont (2012)- High fidelity simulations and nursing faculty motivation

Application

Setting: Nursing Assistant Orientation at Jewish Hopsital

Define the Motivational Problem: As a result of the Affordable Care Act, the reimbursement of care is based on the quality of care provided rather than the quantity of care provided. Based on this information the orientation needs to focus on the internal motivation of nursing assistants to be the best at providing quality patient care by being proactive rather than reactive.

Designing Strategies:

Attention: Share a story about experiences with nursing assistants. !Relevance: Provide learning objectives and training goals. Ask nursing assistants to list two things they hope to learn by attending and participating in orientation. !Confidence: Explain the requirements for success and evaluation. Talk about CEP and how it will be used to evaluate competence. !Satisfaction: Provide opportunities for learners who have mastered the task to help those who have not done so yet.