Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
-
Upload
indian-dental-academy -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental...
![Page 1: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Archwire Materials And Archwire Materials And
Application Of Newer Materials Application Of Newer Materials
in Begg Appliance.in Begg Appliance.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 2: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction Advancements in orthodontic materials have Advancements in orthodontic materials have
been progressing by leaps and bounds.been progressing by leaps and bounds. Plethora of archwires varying widely – Plethora of archwires varying widely –
material, geometry, configuration, material, geometry, configuration,
manufacturing process and physical properties.manufacturing process and physical properties. Lack of an ideal archwire – clinician – select Lack of an ideal archwire – clinician – select
the best – for the intended usethe best – for the intended use..
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 3: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evolution of Archwire MaterialsEvolution of Archwire Materials Availability of archwire materials – determined Availability of archwire materials – determined
mechanotherapy.mechanotherapy. Requirements changes initial stages to finish.Requirements changes initial stages to finish. Variable cross section Orthodontics,Variable cross section Orthodontics,
Prior to 70’s – only gold & SS – availablePrior to 70’s – only gold & SS – available Difft. Requirements met – changing cross section –Difft. Requirements met – changing cross section –
& geometry.& geometry.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 4: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Variable Modulus OrthodonticsVariable Modulus Orthodontics.. Varying modulus of elasticity.Varying modulus of elasticity.
TMA , Nitinol etc.TMA , Nitinol etc.
Lower moduli – initial stages and higher – finish.Lower moduli – initial stages and higher – finish.
Varying Transformation Temperature Varying Transformation Temperature
Orthodontics.Orthodontics. NiTi archwires – super elastic & thermodynamic.NiTi archwires – super elastic & thermodynamic.
Cu NiTi & Neosentalloy.Cu NiTi & Neosentalloy.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 5: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Desirable Properties of ArchwireDesirable Properties of Archwire
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 6: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Force
Deflection ( Strain)
Proportional limit
Yield StrengthUltimate Tensile Strength
(stress)
Failure Point
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 7: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Spring back.( Range of Activation or Working Spring back.( Range of Activation or Working range)range) Measure of how far a material can be deformed Measure of how far a material can be deformed
without exceeding the limits of the material.without exceeding the limits of the material. Related to Related to Y.SY.S EE Higher spring back – large activations – increase Higher spring back – large activations – increase
in working time of appl.in working time of appl.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 8: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stiffness ( Load Deflection Rate ).Stiffness ( Load Deflection Rate ). Measure of resistance to any kind of mechanical Measure of resistance to any kind of mechanical
deformation,deformation,
Proportional to Modulus of ElasticityProportional to Modulus of Elasticity..
Low stiffness or LDR provideLow stiffness or LDR provide Ability to apply lower forcesAbility to apply lower forces
A more constant forceA more constant force
Greater ease & accuracy in applying a given force.Greater ease & accuracy in applying a given force.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 9: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Strength. Strength. It is the measure of the max. possible load, the It is the measure of the max. possible load, the
greatest force which the wire or arch arrangement greatest force which the wire or arch arrangement
can sustain or deliver if it is loaded to the limit of can sustain or deliver if it is loaded to the limit of
the material.the material.
Formability.Formability. Ability to bend a wire into desired configurations Ability to bend a wire into desired configurations
without failure.without failure.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 10: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Modulus of Resilience or Stored energy.Modulus of Resilience or Stored energy. Work available to move the teeth.Work available to move the teeth. Area – elastic portion of the stress- strain curveArea – elastic portion of the stress- strain curve..
Bio compatibility & Environmental stability.Bio compatibility & Environmental stability. Resistance to corrosion and tissue tolerance to Resistance to corrosion and tissue tolerance to
elements in the wire.elements in the wire. Maintenance of desirable properties for extended Maintenance of desirable properties for extended
periods after manufacture.periods after manufacture.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 11: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Poor Biohostability.Poor Biohostability. Neither actively nurture nor passively act as a Neither actively nurture nor passively act as a
substrate for microorganisms.substrate for microorganisms. Cause foul smellCause foul smell Color changes – detract from esthetics.Color changes – detract from esthetics. Remove or build up material – compromise mech propRemove or build up material – compromise mech prop..
Joinability.Joinability. Permit welding and solderingPermit welding and soldering
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 12: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Friction,Friction, Excessive amountExcessive amount
Loss of anchorageLoss of anchorage
Less tooth movementLess tooth movement..
Esthetics.Esthetics. Color stabilityColor stability
InconspicuousInconspicuous
Non Ferromagnetic.Non Ferromagnetic.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 13: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Based on material constituent: Based on material constituent: Metal Metal Non metalNon metal Metals.Metals. Gold Alloys.Gold Alloys. Stainless Steel.Stainless Steel. Cobalt – Chromium Alloys.Cobalt – Chromium Alloys. Nickel- Titanium AlloysNickel- Titanium Alloys
NiTinolNiTinol Chinese Ni TiChinese Ni Ti Japanese Ni TiJapanese Ni Ti Niobium TiNiobium Ti Copper NiTiCopper NiTi Cv NiTiCv NiTi
Classification.Classification.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 14: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Beta TiBeta Ti
Alpha TiAlpha Ti
Non Metals.Non Metals.
Polymeric materials.Polymeric materials.
Composite / Coated Archwires.Composite / Coated Archwires. Optiflex.Optiflex.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 15: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gold Alloys.Gold Alloys.
Pure gold – too soft for orthodontic purpose.Pure gold – too soft for orthodontic purpose.
Initial round wire, Begg - .020 platinised gold.Initial round wire, Begg - .020 platinised gold.
Hardened – cold working or hardening heat trt.Hardened – cold working or hardening heat trt.
Marginal properties & price – obsolete.Marginal properties & price – obsolete.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 16: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Developed b/w 1903 & 1921Developed b/w 1903 & 1921 Harry Brearley of Sheffield, F.M. Beckett of the Harry Brearley of Sheffield, F.M. Beckett of the
U.S, Edward Maurer of GermanyU.S, Edward Maurer of Germany.. 1933 – Archie Brusse presented table clinic – 11933 – Archie Brusse presented table clinic – 1stst
Stainless Steel Appliance system.Stainless Steel Appliance system. Displaced Gold alloys.Displaced Gold alloys. SS wires - work horse of the orthodontic SS wires - work horse of the orthodontic
industry for generationsindustry for generationswww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 17: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Composition.Composition. Steels – iron based alloys – contains Steels – iron based alloys – contains < 1.2% C< 1.2% C
SS Cr. ( 12 – 30%) + steel.SS Cr. ( 12 – 30%) + steel.
Types.Types. FerriticFerritic
Martensitic.Martensitic.
Austenitic.Austenitic.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 18: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ferritic.Ferritic. Body Centered Cubic Str.Body Centered Cubic Str. AISI series 400.AISI series 400. Low sth. & not hardenable by heat trt.Low sth. & not hardenable by heat trt.
Martensitic.Martensitic. AISI series 400.AISI series 400. Body Centred Tetragonal Structure.Body Centred Tetragonal Structure. Strength & Hardness Strength & Hardness Corrosion Resistance & Ductility Corrosion Resistance & Ductility
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 19: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Austenitic.Austenitic. Most corrosion resistantMost corrosion resistant.. AISI 302 basic type.AISI 302 basic type.
18% - Cr., 8% - Ni., 0.15% - 18% - Cr., 8% - Ni., 0.15% - C.C.
AISI 304 – C ltd to 0.08 %AISI 304 – C ltd to 0.08 % 302 & 304 18-8 SS302 & 304 18-8 SS 316 L - 316 L - <0.03 % C – <0.03 % C –
implants.implants. Str. – Face Centered CubicStr. – Face Centered Cubic..
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 20: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A J Wilcock Archwires.A J Wilcock Archwires. Early 1940’s – acquainted – Mr. Arthur J Early 1940’s – acquainted – Mr. Arthur J
Wilcock.- Metallurgist – Whittlesea, Victoria.Wilcock.- Metallurgist – Whittlesea, Victoria. Years of research – Develop wire – objectives.Years of research – Develop wire – objectives.
Thin tensile wire – distribute force – optimal levelThin tensile wire – distribute force – optimal level Considerable period of time.Considerable period of time. Over long distances.Over long distances. Minimal loss of force intensity.Minimal loss of force intensity.
Initially 0.018 wire produced.Initially 0.018 wire produced. Dia. - progressively decreased to 0.014.Dia. - progressively decreased to 0.014.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 21: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Wilcock wires mainstay of Begg Technique.Wilcock wires mainstay of Begg Technique. Grades of wire used initially-Grades of wire used initially-
Special PlusSpecial Plus Extra Special plus – cases resistant to bite opening.Extra Special plus – cases resistant to bite opening.
1984 – A J Wilcock Jr. – request of Dr. 1984 – A J Wilcock Jr. – request of Dr. Mollenhauer of Australia – ultra high tensile Mollenhauer of Australia – ultra high tensile strength – round wirestrength – round wire Supreme gradeSupreme grade 0.010 & 0.0090.010 & 0.009
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 22: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pulse Straightening Vs Spinner Straightening.Pulse Straightening Vs Spinner Straightening. Spinner Straightening.Spinner Straightening.
Straightening resistant materials – cold drawn Straightening resistant materials – cold drawn condition.condition.
Wire pulled – rotating bronze rollersWire pulled – rotating bronze rollers Dis Adv.Dis Adv.
Resultant Deformation.Resultant Deformation. Decreased Yield stress valueDecreased Yield stress value.. Strain softened.Strain softened.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 23: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pulse StraighteningPulse Straightening..
Pulsed in a special machine.Pulsed in a special machine.
High tensile wires – straightenedHigh tensile wires – straightened..
Lower dia. wires Lower dia. wires
Yield Strength – not altered.Yield Strength – not altered.
Surface – smoother finish.Surface – smoother finish.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 24: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of A J Wilcock Archwires.Types of A J Wilcock Archwires. Regular Grade.( Regular Grade.( Pink labelPink label ) )
Dia – 0.012 – 0.024Dia – 0.012 – 0.024 Regular plus (Regular plus (Green labelGreen label ) )
Dia – 0.012 – 0.020Dia – 0.012 – 0.020 Easily formed & excellent for general use & utlility wires.Easily formed & excellent for general use & utlility wires.
Special grade ( Special grade ( Blue labelBlue label ) ) Dia – 0.012 – 0.020.Dia – 0.012 – 0.020. 0.016 inch – initial stages.0.016 inch – initial stages.
Special Plus ( Special Plus ( Yellow labelYellow label ) ) Dia – 0.012 – 0.024Dia – 0.012 – 0.024
Premium ( Premium ( Purple labelPurple label ) ) Dia – 0.012 – 0.020.Dia – 0.012 – 0.020. Ideal for bite opening .Ideal for bite opening . Where high resiliency is requiredWhere high resiliency is required
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 25: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Premium Plus ( Premium Plus ( GoldGold labellabel ). ). Size – 0.010 – 0.018Size – 0.010 – 0.018 In early trt. – alignment & levelling.In early trt. – alignment & levelling. Mollenhauer recommends – 0.011 wire – high angle Mollenhauer recommends – 0.011 wire – high angle
cases, undue molar extrusion.cases, undue molar extrusion. Supreme ( Supreme ( Biege labelBiege label ). ).
Size 0.008 – 0.011 Size 0.008 – 0.011 Unravelling crowded ant. teeth.Unravelling crowded ant. teeth. Boxed reciprocal torquing aux.Boxed reciprocal torquing aux. Mini uprighting springs.Mini uprighting springs. Aligning 2Aligning 2ndnd molars towards the end of stage II. molars towards the end of stage II.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 26: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Substituted Titanium Alloys.Substituted Titanium Alloys.
Ti – used as Structural metal – 1952Ti – used as Structural metal – 1952..
Became available – Orthodontics – 1970’s.Became available – Orthodontics – 1970’s.
Allotropy – Crystallographic change – 885°CAllotropy – Crystallographic change – 885°C.. Below 885°C – HCP or Below 885°C – HCP or αα lattice. lattice.
Above 885Above 885°C – BCC or °C – BCC or ββ lattice. lattice. Addn. of Molybdenum or Columbium stabilize this str. Addn. of Molybdenum or Columbium stabilize this str.
At room temp.At room temp.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 27: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Trends in SS Metallurgy.Trends in SS Metallurgy. Eliminate or minimize Nickel content.Eliminate or minimize Nickel content. Nearly Ni free SSNearly Ni free SS Steel Din 1.4456 – one of themSteel Din 1.4456 – one of them Composition:Composition:
15 – 18 % Cr.15 – 18 % Cr.3 – 4 % molybdenum.3 – 4 % molybdenum.10 – 14 % Manganese10 – 14 % Manganese0.9 % nitrogen – compensate for nickel.0.9 % nitrogen – compensate for nickel.
Trade names – Menzanium, Noninium.Trade names – Menzanium, Noninium.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 28: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Developed by William F Beuhler – Naval Developed by William F Beuhler – Naval
Ordinance laboratory – 1960.Ordinance laboratory – 1960.
1970 - Dr. George Andreasen recognized the 1970 - Dr. George Andreasen recognized the
potential of this alloy.potential of this alloy. Largely through his efforts and those of the Largely through his efforts and those of the
Unitek Company, the first nitinol alloy was Unitek Company, the first nitinol alloy was
marketed to orthodontists as Nitinol™. marketed to orthodontists as Nitinol™.
Nickel – Titanium alloysNickel – Titanium alloys
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 29: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Andreasen – 2 types.Andreasen – 2 types. Elastic Nitinol.Elastic Nitinol. Thermal Nitinol.Thermal Nitinol.
Thermal Nitinol.Thermal Nitinol. 1:1 atomic ratio of Ni and Ti.1:1 atomic ratio of Ni and Ti. Ni – 55% , Ti – 45% Ni – 55% , Ti – 45% Co – 1.6% - brings TTR - 37°C.Co – 1.6% - brings TTR - 37°C. Unique feature – Shape Memory Phenomenon.Unique feature – Shape Memory Phenomenon.
Capability of a wire to return to a previously manufactured Capability of a wire to return to a previously manufactured shape when it is heated through its TTR.shape when it is heated through its TTR.
Martensitic Grain StructureMartensitic Grain Structurewww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 30: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Elastic Nitinol.Elastic Nitinol.
Alloy of Ni & Ti without Co,Alloy of Ni & Ti without Co,
Elasticity , FlexibilityElasticity , Flexibility
Lighter continuous forces.Lighter continuous forces.
Austenitic Grain Structure.Austenitic Grain Structure.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 31: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Classification ( Kusy )Classification ( Kusy ) Conventional Nitinol.Conventional Nitinol. Pseudoelastic Nitinol.Pseudoelastic Nitinol. Thermoelastic nitinol.Thermoelastic nitinol.
Conventional – Martensitic stabilized alloyConventional – Martensitic stabilized alloy Passive – SME suppressed – cold working during Passive – SME suppressed – cold working during
wire drawing - wire drawing - >8 – 10%.>8 – 10%. Attractive feature – Low Stiffness.Attractive feature – Low Stiffness. Limitation – lack of formability.Limitation – lack of formability.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 32: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Pseudoelastic Nitinol.Pseudoelastic Nitinol. Active.Active. Capable of undergoing anticipated phase Capable of undergoing anticipated phase
transformation.transformation. Undergo some form of SME + Superelastic.Undergo some form of SME + Superelastic. Two typesTwo types – –
Austenitic active alloyAustenitic active alloy Martensitic active alloy.Martensitic active alloy.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 33: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Austenitic Active alloy.Austenitic Active alloy. Martensite – low stiffness phase.( E = 31 -35 GPa)Martensite – low stiffness phase.( E = 31 -35 GPa) Austenite – high stiffness phase. ( E = 84 – 98 GPa)Austenite – high stiffness phase. ( E = 84 – 98 GPa)
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 34: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
On loading – Austenitic alloy – Stiffness 3x, On loading – Austenitic alloy – Stiffness 3x, conventional martensitic stabilised alloy.conventional martensitic stabilised alloy.
Plateau like area – Stress induced transformation – Plateau like area – Stress induced transformation – martensitic phase. + ve slope – stiffness martensitic phase. + ve slope – stiffness comparable to martensitic nitinol.comparable to martensitic nitinol.
Deactivation – reverse occurs.Deactivation – reverse occurs. 22ndnd Plateau – Martensite Austenite. Changes Plateau – Martensite Austenite. Changes
shape to maintain force-shape to maintain force- key attribute – Pseudoelasticity.key attribute – Pseudoelasticity.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 35: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Thermoelastic Nitinol.Thermoelastic Nitinol. Martensitic active alloy.Martensitic active alloy. Exhibits thermally induced SME.Exhibits thermally induced SME. Transition temp.- ambient oral temperature.Transition temp.- ambient oral temperature. Medical advances – Trt. Of Scliosis.Medical advances – Trt. Of Scliosis.
Desired shape set by heat.Desired shape set by heat. Distortion & insertion into patient’s mouthDistortion & insertion into patient’s mouth Appliance activated – warmth of oral cavity.Appliance activated – warmth of oral cavity. Return to its predetermined shape.Return to its predetermined shape.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 36: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 37: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Chinese NiTi.Chinese NiTi. Developed by Dr. Tien Hua Cheng & Associates- Developed by Dr. Tien Hua Cheng & Associates-
General research institute of Non – Ferrous Metals, General research institute of Non – Ferrous Metals, Beijing, China.Beijing, China.
Little work hardening , parent phase – austenite mech Little work hardening , parent phase – austenite mech prop. differ from Nitinol.prop. differ from Nitinol.
Burstone, Qin, Morton – compared three prop. with SS Burstone, Qin, Morton – compared three prop. with SS and Nitinol.and Nitinol. SpringbackSpringback Stiffness.Stiffness. Maximum moment.Maximum moment.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 38: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Springback.Springback. Diff. b/w deflection of 80Diff. b/w deflection of 80º & residual deformation º & residual deformation
after unloading.after unloading.
Chinese Niti > Nitinol > SSChinese Niti > Nitinol > SS
SS
NitinolNiTi
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 39: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
StiffnessStiffness Steel and Nitinol – average unloading stiffness – same Steel and Nitinol – average unloading stiffness – same
regardless of amount of activation.regardless of amount of activation. Chinese Niti – lower stiffness value – value changes with Chinese Niti – lower stiffness value – value changes with
degree of activation.degree of activation. Maximum moment.Maximum moment.
Niti ( 805 gm-mm at 1Niti ( 805 gm-mm at 1º of permanent deformation)< Nitinol º of permanent deformation)< Nitinol ( 975 gm-mm) < SS( 1400 gm-mm)( 975 gm-mm) < SS( 1400 gm-mm)
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 40: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Applications.Applications.
Low stiffness & large deflections are needed.Low stiffness & large deflections are needed.
No time dependent deformation in mouth.No time dependent deformation in mouth.
High stiffness at small activations - adequate force High stiffness at small activations - adequate force
levels.levels.
Larger cross sections – larger moments – root Larger cross sections – larger moments – root
movement and transalation.movement and transalation.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 41: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Japanese NitiJapanese Niti 1978 – Furukawa electric company.1978 – Furukawa electric company. Fujio Miura – studied mech. PropertiesFujio Miura – studied mech. Properties..
Excellent springback & Super elastic properties.Excellent springback & Super elastic properties.
SuperelasticitySuperelasticity – Stress – fairly constant upto a – Stress – fairly constant upto a
certain point of deformation - & during certain point of deformation - & during rebounding. ( Stress induced martensitic rebounding. ( Stress induced martensitic
transformation. transformation. BCC HCPBCC HCP ) )www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 42: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Continous force – long period during Continous force – long period during
deactivation of the wire.deactivation of the wire.
Physiologic tooth movement.Physiologic tooth movement.
Possible to modify – force – individualized Possible to modify – force – individualized
segment of the arch wire – applying controlled segment of the arch wire – applying controlled
heat.heat.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 43: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Introduced in 1994 – Rohit Sachdeva & Suchio Introduced in 1994 – Rohit Sachdeva & Suchio
Miyasaki 1994.Miyasaki 1994. Major advance – Variable transformation Major advance – Variable transformation
temperature orthodontics.temperature orthodontics. Stability of Martensite / Austenite at a given Stability of Martensite / Austenite at a given
temp. – Transformation temp. of the alloy.temp. – Transformation temp. of the alloy. Impt. marker Austenite finish temperature.AImpt. marker Austenite finish temperature.Af.f.
Working temp. ofWorking temp. of orthodontic appliance – > Aorthodontic appliance – > Aff
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 44: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Compositon.Compositon. Austenitic structure.Austenitic structure.
LDR charecteristics.LDR charecteristics. Low hysteresis.Low hysteresis.
Surface.Surface. Rough & porous – comparable to TMA.Rough & porous – comparable to TMA.
Alloy types.Alloy types. Type I – Type I – AAff = 15 = 15°C.°C. Type II – Af = 27 °C.Type II – Af = 27 °C. Type III – Af = 35 °C.Type III – Af = 35 °C. Type IV – Af = 40°CType IV – Af = 40°C
ElementsElements Wt%Wt%TiTi 42.9942.99NiNi 49.8749.87CrCr 0.50.5CuCu 5.645.64
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 45: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Type I – high force levels – not used clinically.Type I – high force levels – not used clinically. Type II – Highest force & best used.Type II – Highest force & best used.
Average or higher pain threshold.Average or higher pain threshold. Normal periodontal health.Normal periodontal health. Rapid tooth movement required.Rapid tooth movement required.
Type III wire-Type III wire- Low to normal threshold.Low to normal threshold. Slightly compromised periodontium.Slightly compromised periodontium. Relatively low forces required.Relatively low forces required.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 46: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Type IV –Type IV – Sensitive to pain.Sensitive to pain. Compromised periodontal conditions.Compromised periodontal conditions. Tooth movement – deliberately slowed down.Tooth movement – deliberately slowed down. Beneficial – initial rectangular wireBeneficial – initial rectangular wire..
Advantages.Advantages. Low hysteresis – more constant force levels.Low hysteresis – more constant force levels. Difft. Types – match archwire force levels – specific Difft. Types – match archwire force levels – specific
early treatment requirements & goals.early treatment requirements & goals.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 47: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
CV NiTi.CV NiTi.
Copper free NiTi.Copper free NiTi.
In the same types as CuNiTi.In the same types as CuNiTi.
Similar mechanical properties.Similar mechanical properties.
Slower recovery pattern.Slower recovery pattern.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 48: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Beta – Titanium Alloys.Beta – Titanium Alloys. Charles J Burstone – 1980 ( TMA).Charles J Burstone – 1980 ( TMA). Composition.Composition. Titanium- 79%Titanium- 79% Molybdenum – 11%Molybdenum – 11% Zirconium – 6%Zirconium – 6% Tin – 4%Tin – 4% Addition of elements - Addition of elements - molybdenum or molybdenum or
columbium,columbium, a titanium-based alloy can a titanium-based alloy can maintain its beta structure even when cooled to maintain its beta structure even when cooled to room temperature.room temperature.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 49: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Advantages.Advantages. Force levels less than half of stainless steel.Force levels less than half of stainless steel. Highly ductile – complicated configurations – Highly ductile – complicated configurations –
formed.formed. Weldable.Weldable. Good spring back.Good spring back.
Disadvantage.Disadvantage. Rough surface – High friction.Rough surface – High friction.
Ion implantation – Burstone – 1995.Ion implantation – Burstone – 1995. Elements or compounds – ionised and accelerated – to a Elements or compounds – ionised and accelerated – to a
target. N & O ions from a plasmatarget. N & O ions from a plasma Ti oxide and nitride formedTi oxide and nitride formed
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 50: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Alpha Titanium Alloy:Alpha Titanium Alloy: AJ Wilcock Jr. – 1988 – AJ Wilcock Jr. – 1988 – near near αα phasephase Titanium Titanium
alloy – Orthodontic purpose.alloy – Orthodontic purpose. Composition.Composition.
Titanium – 90%.Titanium – 90%.Aluminium – 6%Aluminium – 6%Vanadium – 4%Vanadium – 4%
Crystal structure. – Closely packed hexagonal Crystal structure. – Closely packed hexagonal lattice (HCP).lattice (HCP). Only one active slip plane along its base. Only one active slip plane along its base. BCC – two slip planes ( BCC – two slip planes ( ββ Titanium ). Titanium ). Less ductile than TMALess ductile than TMA
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 51: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Near Near αα phase Ti alloy – certain amount - phase Ti alloy – certain amount - ββ phase retained at room temp. phase retained at room temp.
Stiffer with passage of timeStiffer with passage of time Absorption of HAbsorption of H+ + ions – surface layer – titanium ions – surface layer – titanium
hydride.hydride.
Weldable Weldable Dimensions available.Dimensions available.
.016 x .022 and .018 x .022..016 x .022 and .018 x .022.
Rectangular finishing wires.Rectangular finishing wires.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 52: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Non metallic archwires.Non metallic archwires. Esthetic arch wires – OptiflexEsthetic arch wires – Optiflex Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymeric
archwire – ( UFRP ) – Composite Archwires.archwire – ( UFRP ) – Composite Archwires. Manufacture.Manufacture.
PhotopultrusionPhotopultrusion Pultrusion - Pultrusion - The process of manufacturing The process of manufacturing
components having continuous lengths and a components having continuous lengths and a constant cross-sectional shape, such as in constant cross-sectional shape, such as in archwires.archwires.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 53: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
UFRP compared to NiTi.UFRP compared to NiTi.
Elastic until failure occurs.Elastic until failure occurs.
Resilience and springback are comparable.Resilience and springback are comparable.
Parlene : poly ( chloro – p- xylylene)Parlene : poly ( chloro – p- xylylene) – coating – coating
Risk of glass fiber release during clinical use Risk of glass fiber release during clinical use
eliminated.eliminated.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 54: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Applications of newer materials in Begg Applications of newer materials in Begg technique.technique.
Stage I :-Stage I :- Pulse straightened SS wires and Super elastic NiTi Pulse straightened SS wires and Super elastic NiTi
wires – replaced multi loop archwires.wires – replaced multi loop archwires. 0.010 or 0.011 supreme PS wires – MAA. Better 0.010 or 0.011 supreme PS wires – MAA. Better
root control in early stages of trt.root control in early stages of trt. 0.014 premium plus – in high angle cases to prevent 0.014 premium plus – in high angle cases to prevent
undue molar extrusion.undue molar extrusion. End of stage IIEnd of stage II
0.011 – alignment of 20.011 – alignment of 2ndnd molars molars
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 55: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Stage III :- Stage III :-
Mini uprighting springs – 0.008 – 0.010 supreme Mini uprighting springs – 0.008 – 0.010 supreme
P.S wires.P.S wires.
Finishing :-Finishing :-
Stiff Rectangular 0.018 x 0.022 Stiff Rectangular 0.018 x 0.022 αα Titanium wires Titanium wires
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 56: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Conclusion Conclusion
Recent advances in material science and Recent advances in material science and technology has resulted in an array of newer technology has resulted in an array of newer archwire materials, opening new vistas in archwire materials, opening new vistas in Orthodontic treatment. Materials with widely Orthodontic treatment. Materials with widely diverging properties are on the market today diverging properties are on the market today and their usage has profound implications on and their usage has profound implications on the appliance mechanics. the appliance mechanics.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 57: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
As Kusy points out, composites will increasingly As Kusy points out, composites will increasingly encroach the use of metals, ceramics and encroach the use of metals, ceramics and polymers as functional and esthetically polymers as functional and esthetically pleasing appliances become popular. The pleasing appliances become popular. The orthodontist therefore has to clearly outline orthodontist therefore has to clearly outline the phases of treatment and select the the phases of treatment and select the archwire most suited for attaining specific archwire most suited for attaining specific goals for treatment.goals for treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 58: Archwire Materials and Application of Newer Materials-OrTHO / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070523/577ccd1f1a28ab9e788b8df5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
www.indiandentalacademy.comLeader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com