Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

Editor-in-Chief Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzański

International Scientific Journal published monthly

as the organ of the Commitee of Materials Science

of the Polish Academy of Sciences

http://www.archivesmse.org

Volume 28Issue 5May 2007Pages 257-320

Published since 1978

formerly as Archives of Materials Science

or Archiwum Nauki o Materiałach (in Polish)

AMSE_5_pantone 16-04-07 15:59 Strona 1

Volume 28

Issue 5

May 2007

Pages 257-320

PUBLISHED SINCE 1978 – formerly as Archives of Materials Science or Archiwum Nauki o Materiałach (in Polish)

International Scientific Journal

published monthly as the organ of

the Committee of Materials Science

of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

Associate Editors

Dr Mirosław Bonek – Gliwice, POLAND Dr Małgorzata Drak – Gliwice, POLANDDr Klaudiusz Gołombek – Gliwice, POLANDDr Daniel Pakuła – Gliwice, POLAND

Production Editor

Ms Marzena Kraszewska, MA – Gliwice, POLAND

International Editorial Board Members

Prof. Waqar Ahmed – Ulster, UK Prof. Davor Balzar – Denver, USA Prof. Dorel Banabic – Cluj Napoca, ROMANIA Prof. Zbigniew Bojarski Dr hc – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Tadeusz Bołd – Gliwice, POLAND Prof. Eduard Cesari – Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN Prof. Tara Chandra – Wollongong, AUSTRALIA Prof. Jan Chłopek – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Antonio Cunha – Guimaraes, PORTUGAL Prof. Jan Cwajna – Katowice, POLANDProf. Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Edward D. Doyle – Swinburne, AUSTRALIA Prof. Georgy Drapak – Chmelnicki, UKRAINE Prof. Jan Dutkiewicz – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Guenther Eggeler – Bochum, GERMANY Prof. Nikolaos Gouskos – Athens, GREECE Prof. Maciej W. Grabski Dr hc – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Toshio Haga – Osaka, JAPAN Prof. Abdel Magid Hamouda – Selangor, MALAYSIA Prof. Stuart Hampshire – Limerick, IRELAND Prof. Adam Hernas – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Marek Hetmańczyk – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Jan Van Humbeeck – Leuven, BELGIUM Prof. Werner Hufenbach – Dresden, GERMANY Prof. David Hui – New Orleans, USA Prof. Yong-Taek Im – Daejeon, KOREA Prof. Mark J. Jackson – West Lafayette, USA Prof. Leopold Jeziorski Dr hc – Częstochowa, POLAND Prof. Mieczysław Jurczyk – Poznań, POLANDProf. Jan Kazior – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Peter Klimanek – Freiberg, GERMANY Prof. Albert Kneissel – Leoben, AUSTRIA Prof. Ivars Knets – Riga, LATVIA Prof. Janez Kopač Dr hc – Ljubljana, SLOVENIA Prof. Andrzej Korbel – Cracow, POLANDProf. Gernot Kostorz – Zuerich, SWITZERLAND Prof. Piotr Kula – Łódź, POLAND Prof. Tadeusz Kulik – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Karl Kuzman – Ljubljana, SLOVENIA Prof. Jerzy Lis – Cracow, POLANDProf. Gordon W. Lorimer – Manchester, UK Prof. Petr Louda – Liberec, CZECH REPUBLIC Prof. Eugeniusz Łągiewka – Katowice, POLANDProf. Adolf Maciejny Dr hc – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Bogusław Major – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Thaddeus B. Massalski Dr hc – Pittsburgh, USA Prof. Stanisław Mitura Dr hc – Łódź, POLAND Prof. Henryk Morawiec – Katowice, POLAND

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzański Dr hc – Gliwice, POLAND

Prof. Stanisław Mrowec Dr hc – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Jerzy Nowacki – Szczecin, POLANDProf. Ryszard Nowosielski – Gliwice, POLAND Prof. Atsuchu Okazaki – Kyushu, JAPAN Prof. Abraham Atta Ogwu – Paisley, UK Prof. Lucjan Pająk – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Roman Pampuch Dr hc – Cracow, POLAND Prof. Fusheng Pan – Chongqing, CHINA Prof. Jan Pilarczyk – Gliwice, POLAND Prof. Richard Portier – Paris, FRANCE Prof. Wojciech Przetakiewicz – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Maria H. Robert – Campinas, BRAZIL Prof. Mario Rosso – Turin, ITALY Prof. Jan Sieniawski – Rzeszów, POLAND Prof. Paul Siffert – Strassburg, FRANCE Prof. Jorge A. Sikora – Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA Prof. Božo Smoljan – Rijeka, CROATIA Prof. Jerry Sokolowski – Windsor, CANADA Prof. Mirko Sokovic – Ljubljana, SLOVENIA Prof. Antonio Sousa – Fredericton, CANADA Prof. George A. Stergioudis – Thessaloniki, GREECE Prof. Danuta Stróż – Katowice, POLAND Prof. Dominique Schryvers – Antverp, THE NETHERLANDS Prof. Ludomir Ślusarski – Łódź, POLAND Prof. Zbigniew Śmieszek – Gliwice, POLAND Prof. Ming-Yen Tan – Singapore, SINGAPORE Prof. Vasco Teixeira – Braga, PORTUGAL Prof. Laszlo Toth – Miskolc, HUNGARY Prof. Boris Tomov – Rousse, BULGARIA Prof. Jose M. Torralba Dr hc – Madrid, SPAIN Prof. Algirdas V. Valiulis – Vilnius, LITHUANIA Prof. Tadeusz Wierzchoń – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Abdalla Wifi – Cairo, EGYPT Prof. Władysław K. Włosiński Dr hc – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Stefan Wojciechowski Dr hc – Warsaw, POLAND Prof. Gwomei Wu – Taoyuan, TAIWAN Prof. Mieczysław Wysiecki – Szczecin, POLAND Prof. Senay Yalcin – Istanbul, TURKEY Prof. Bekir Sam Yilbas – Dhahran, SAUDI ARABIA Prof. Andrzej Zieliński – Gdańsk, POLAND Prof. Paweł Zięba – Cracow, POLANDProf. Jozef Zrnik – Plzen, CZECH REPUBLIC Prof. Marcel Žitnansky – Bratislava, SLOVAK REPUBLIC

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It was said...

Prof. Władysław K. Włosiński M.Dr hcCorressponding Member of the Polish Academy of SciencesPresident of Division IV Technical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences

In general all agree with the thesis telling that a uni-versity teacher should be an active researcher. Ownscientific researches force to constant intellectual efforts and usually lead to a new look at an examinedissue (...) To improve results of university researchesthere should a mediation cell which having good infor-mation on industrial needs leads research and develop-ment works and the commercialisation of works imple-mented to industrial practice. A duty of all academic teachers is to carry researches suitable for scientific disciplines or research field practised by a faculty, aninstitute or a department. From the specificity of thesociety and a professor’s passions it depends whetherresearchers deal with science, technology or engineer-ing (...). All the fields of researches should be gone infor in universities, all of them are important (...) One, relatively new but very effective way of transfer of modern technologies and especially advanced ones is acreation of conditions for the foundation of enterprisesseparated from universities. (...) However, the creationof spin-offs enterprises expect the intellectual poten-tial in a university requires an enterprising attitude of professors and students, and pro-innovative politicsof the state and local government authorities and theactive participation of banks which must co-participatein the creation of infrastructure enabling the transfer of research results from a university to a practice. (...) A duty of academic teachers is to carry out researchesand solve contemporary problems and also - and evenfirst of all - the solution of problems and education ofstudents for the sake of future. (...)

Fragments of the lecture given during the ceremony of the handingthe dignity of Doctor Honoris Causa of the Silesian University ofTechology to the Author on 12 July 2005.

Reading Direct Editors

Dr Zbigniew Brytan – Gliwice, POLAND Dr Adam Polok – Gliwice, POLAND Mr Piotr Zarychta, MSc – Gliwice, POLAND

Publisher

International OCSCO World Pressul. S. Konarskiego 18a/36644-100 Gliwice, Poland e-mail: info@archivesmse.org

Bank account:Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii PowierzchniBank name: ING Bank ŚląskiBank address: ul. Zwycięstwa 28, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandAccount number/IBAN CODE:PL76105012981000002300809767Swift code: INGBPLPW

Gliwice® 2007 International OCSCO World Press. All rights reserved.

Patronage

Polish Academy of Sciences Division IV Technical Sciences Committee of Materials Science

Reading Direct

This journal is a part of Reading Direct, the free of charge aler-ting service which sends tables of contents by e-mail for this jo-urnal and in the promotion period also the full texts of papers.You can register to Reading Direct at

http://www.archivesmse.org

The paper used for this journal meets the requirements ofacid-free paper.Printed in Poland.

Abstracting services

This journal is sent to individual receivers from ca. 50 countriesof the world and is delivered to the National Libraries andUniversities and also to other scientific institutions in ca. 50 countries of the world. The electronic system of Reading Directallows to access to the electronic version of that journal on-line,in the promotional period free of charge. This journal is includedin the reference list of the Polish Ministry of Science and HigherEducation (6 points). The procedure leading to the citation of thatjournal by Abstracting Services has already begun. The efforts toachieve the financing for the journal publication by the Ministryof Science and Higher Education in Poland has begun.

Submission Officer

Dr Magdalena Polok-Rubiniec – Gliwice, POLAND

Computer typesetters

Ms Justyna Domagała, MSc – Gliwice, POLAND Ms Barbara Dołżańska, MSc – Gliwice, POLANDMs Ludwina Wosińska, MSc – Gliwice, POLAND

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Editorial

On 27th-30th May 2007 the Worldwide Congress on Materials and ManufacturingEngineering and Technology COMMENT’2007 is taking place. The main aim of the COM-MENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is to comment and discuss the new trends of the deve-lopment of materials and manufacturing engineering and technologies during the next de-cades of the 21st century. It is a federation of the following independent and very tradi-tional Conferences which are organised for many years: the 15th Jubilee InternationalScientific Conference on Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering AM-ME’2007, the 13th International Scientific Conference on Contemporary Achievements inMechanics, Manufacturing and Materials Science CAM3S’2007, the BidisciplinaryOcassional Scientific Sessions BOSS’2007, the Scientific Conference on PolymericMaterials Engineering POLYMERS’2007, the Scientific Conference on ContemporaryAchievements in Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering CABBE’2007, the InternationalScientific Conference on Foundry Technologies FOUND’2007 and the ScientificConference on Total Management in Manufacturing Technologies TMMT’2007.

The COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is organised under the patronage of theWorld Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering WAMME and the close co-operation with the Association of Computational Materials Science and SurfaceEngineering. This year the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is organised for the se-cond time in history. This time the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is connectedwith the 10th anniversary of the Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of theSilesian University of Technology, one of the main Congress Organisers. The COM-MENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is accompanied also by the General Assembly of theWorld Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, the General Assembly of theAssociation of Computational Materials Science and Surface Engineering, meetings of theBodies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. A very important accompanying event of theCOMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress is again the Congress of Scientific Circles CO-KÓŁ.

To the traditions of conferences of series on Achievements in Mechanical andMaterials Engineering AMME, organised at present in the framework of the COM-MENT’2007 Worldwide Congress, the yearly handing of honorary awards of the Prof.Fryderyk Staub Golden Owl for achievements in promoting the Polish science and highereducation on the international arena and achievements in collaboration with the Polishscientific community of materials engineering to eminent scientists nominated by theChapter belong. For a half of a century Prof. Fryderyk Staub directed the Department ofMaterials Science of the Silesian University of Technology which traditions took succes-sively created institutes: ca. 35 years ago of Materials Science, and nearly 10 years ago- of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials. Also such a ceremony is foreseen this year.For the first time the handing of the Professor Jan Adamczyk Honorary Award - the awardof the World Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering for a young scientistfor a distinguished PhD or DSc thesis is foreseen during this AMME’2007 conference.Professor Jan Adamczyk, died suddenly in 2007, was a Fellow of WAMME, and for ma-ny years was the Director of the Institute of Materials Science and 9 years DeputyDirector of the Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials of the SilesianUniversity of Technology.

Zakopane in Poland, in the Tatra Moutains which is the most famous summer paradi-se and winter sports capital was chosen as a main venue of the COMMENT’2007Congress. The Congress is taking place in the conference rooms of the very modernMercure Kasprowy Hotel in Zakopane. Moreover, the Opening Ceremony of the COM-MENT’2007 Congress is organised in the Main Hall of Collegium Novum of theJagiellonian University in Cracow, the oldest one in Poland. Expect a few scientific lectures given during the Opening Ceremony, and selected from over 250, which weresubmitted for the presentation during COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress, during thatceremony also the concert of MoCarta Group is foreseen. That outstanding quartet pro-moting in the original way the classic music surely will intrigue with its artistry the dele-gates of the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress. Surely sounds of their music will superbly sound in the historic interiors of Collegium Novum. Then the sightseeing of theRoyal Castle Wawel in Cracow is foreseen. The visit in those outstanding interiors andamong valuable monuments of Polish history surely will deliver unforgettable impressions to the delegates of the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress. Of course the most important part will be plenary sessions in the thematic session of given

conferences and poster sessions during which over 250 papers qualified for the presen-tation during the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress after the achievement of positivereviews of at least two reviewers each will be presented.

In the given Issue of the Archives of Materials Science and Engineering the set of shortpapers chosen from the ones submitted for the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congressand positively evaluated for at least 2 reviewers are handed over to P.T. Readers. In thatway the Editorial Office inaugurates the custom of the publication of chosen materials ofknown scientific conferences organised in Poland in our Journal. Most of papers qualifiedfor the presentation during the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress will be published inthe Worldwide Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, ho-wever, selected full papers are published in the special issues of the other internationalprofessional journals, such as: the International Journal of Materials and ProductTechnology, the International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, theInternational Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, the International Journal ofComputational Materials Science and Surface Engineering, the International Journal ofManufacturing Technology and Management. The World Academy of Materials andManufacturing Engineering, as a main organiser of the COMMENT’2007 WorldwideCongress made a detailed agreement with Inderscience Publishers in Switzerland at theturn of 2006 and 2007.

I hope that this Issue will be a valuable reading for P.T. Readers of the Archives ofMaterials Science and Engineering. In that place with great pleasure I would like to thankthe Authors of papers included in that issue for the efforts put in the prepration, the re-viewers for their evaluation, the members of the Editorial Office for their outworking andpreparation for print, the organisers of the COMMENT’2007 Worldwide Congress for allorganisational activities put in the prepration of that important and big scientific event.

Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzanski Dr hcEditor-in-Chief of the AMSEChairman of the COMMENT’2007President of the WAMMEPresident of the ACMSSE

Gliwice, in April 2007

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Thematic scope of papersMATERIALS

Metallic Alloys, Tool Materials, Superplastic Materials, Ceramics and Glasses, Composites,Amorphous Materials, Nanomaterials, Biomaterials, Multifunctional Materials, Smart Materials,Engineering Polymers

PROPERTIES

Ductility, Crack Resistance, Fatigue, Creep-resistance, Fracture Mechanics, MechanicalProperties, Electrical Properties, and Magnetic Properties, Corrosion, Erosion, Wear Resistance,Non-Destructive Testing, Reliability Assessment, Toxicity, Working Properties of Materials andProducts

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH, ANALYSIS AND MODELLING

Electron Microscopy, X-ray Phase Analysis, Metallography, Quantitative Metallography, ImageAnalysis, Computer Assistance in the Engineering Tasks and Scientific Research, NumericalTechniques, Statistic Methods, Residual Life Analysis, Process Systems Design, Mould FlowAnalysis, Rapid Prototyping, CAM, CAMS, CAQ, Engineering Design, Technological Design,Materials Design, Computational Material Science, Materials and Engineering Databases,Expert Systems, Artificial Intelligence Methods

MATERIALS MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING

Casting, Powder Metallurgy, Welding, Sintering, Heat Treatment, Thermo-Chemical Treatment,Thin & Thick Coatings, Surface Treatment, Machining, Plastic Forming, Quality Assessment,Automation Engineering Processes, Robotics, Mechatronics, Technological Devices andEquipment, Theoretical Fundamentals of Cleaner Production, Industrial Application of CleanerProduction Methods, Production and Operations Management, Production Planning andControl, Manufacturing Technology Management, Quality Management, EnvironmentalManagement, Safety and Health Management, Project Management, Physical Distribution andLogistics Management, Supply Chain Management, Productivity and PerformanceManagement

EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TRENDS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Development of New Curricula for BSc, MSc and PhD Studies, Challenges of the WideningLabour Market, Complementary Roles of Developed and Developing Nations in Promoting aGlobal Industrial and Economical Infrastructure and Requirements on Common InternationalResearch and Teaching Development, Computer Aided Teaching, E-learning

Only papers positively pre-reviewed by at least two reviewers are published in the journal.

Contents

It was said ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

RESEARCH PAPER Develop mono-block tooth implants using automate design and FEM analysis . . . . . . . . . 261

R. Hunter, F. Alister, J. Möller, J.P. Alister (Chile)

MATERIALS Corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy in simulated body fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

M. Kaczmarek (Poland) Chemical composition of passive layers formed on metallic biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

M. Kaczmarek, W. Walke, W. Kajzer (Poland) Influence of bone union electrostimulation on corrosion of bone stabilizer in rabbits . . . . . 277

J. Szewczenko (Poland)

PROPERTIES Investigation of cyclic creep of surgical cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

A. Balin, G. Junak (Poland) DLC coatings on martensitic steel used for surgical instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

J. Marciniak, Z. Paszenda, W. Walke, M. Basiaga, J. Smolik (Poland) Corrosion resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo steel after sterilization process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

J. Marciniak, J. Tyrlik-Held, W. Walke, Z. Paszenda (Poland) Corrosion behaviour of Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy in diverse body fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

W. Walke, Z. Paszenda, A. Ziębowicz (Poland)

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH, ANALYSIS AND MODELLING Experimental and numerical analysis of urological stents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

W. Kajzer, J. Marciniak (Poland) Biomechanical analysis of plates used in treatment of pectus excavatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

A. Krauze, J. Marciniak, A. Marchacz (Poland) Validation of computer models of an artificial hip joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

J. Okrajni, M. Plaza, S. Ziemba (Poland) DMTA method in determining strength parameters of acrylic cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

P. Postawa, A. Szarek, J. Koszkul (Poland)

MATERIALS MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING Forming of the titanium implants and medical tools by metal working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

J. Adamus (Poland)

Author index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Keywords index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Publisher's notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Editor's notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

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