Architectures of Knowlege Chapter II – Sustainable Growth · Architectures of Knowlege Chapter II...

PaoloBudroni,Architectures of Knowledge– TheDataWayto OpenScienceand the Economic Impact- Vienna20NOV2017

Paolo BudroniVienna University Library

Dpt. e-Infrastructures

Architectures of KnowlegeChapter II – Sustainable Growth

The Data Way to Open Science and the Economic Impact of Open Data


Abstract– Architectures of KnowlegeChapterII– Sustainable Growth

TheDataWayto OpenScienceand the Economic Impactof OpenData

The European Commission is promoting the Open Science, Open Data and the EuropeanOpen Science Cloud. These will be soon a reality. According to the Commission “theEOSC is not an actual cloud service, it is a kind of reengineering of existing e-infrastructures based on scientific data. The EOSC will be a federated environment forthe sharing and re-use of scientific data, based on existing and emerging elements in theMember States, with lightweight international guidance and governance and a largedegree of freedom regarding practical implementation”. In this context Open Science isseen as a movement to make scientific research, data, and dissemination accessible atall levels of an enquiring society. This vision will be possible only if we understand howto manage and steer the different components and players, at all levels of theforthcoming Open Science Cloud and understand the economic impact of Open Data.This presentation aims at analysing these settings, first embedding them in a broaderinternational legal and economic context related to the implementation of policies, andthen offering some insights and figures concerning the value of an Open Data driven

European_economy.


Why this slides?

UnderstandingOpenData,TheEuropeanDigitalSingleMarket,OpenScience,theEuropeanOpenScienceCloudand the value of anOpenDatadriven Europeaneconomy.


TheEuropeanDigitalSingleMarket

Andrus Ansip,Vice-President DigitalSingleMarket

“If Ihad to expressmy views about the digitalfuture –that of Europeor indeed,of the whole world - Icoulddoit with one word:data.”

“Thedigitaleconomy revolves around data.It is thedriving force behind those three main elements ofproductivity,innovation and digitalisation.Let’s notlosetimebeing afraid - let’s build anopenand vibrantdata economy.”

See:Ihttps://ec.europa.eu/commission/2014-2019/ansip/announcements/speech-vice-president-ansip-bruegel-annual-meeting-productivity-innovation-and-digitalisation-which_en


OpenScienceand the EuropeanOpenScienceCloud

TheEuropeanCommissionispromotingtheEuropeanOpenScienceCloud.Thiswillbesoonareality.AccordingtotheCommission“theEOSCisnotanactualcloudservice,itisakindofreengineeringofexistinge-infrastructuresbasedonscientificdata.TheEOSCwillbeafederatedenvironmentforthesharingandre-useofscientificdata,basedonexistingandemergingelementsintheMemberStates,withlightweightinternationalguidanceandgovernanceandalargedegreeoffreedomregardingpracticalimplementation”.

InthiscontextOpenScienceisseenasamovementtomakescientificresearch,data,anddisseminationaccessibleatalllevelsofanenquiringsociety.Thisvisionwillbepossibleonlyifweunderstandhowtomanageandsteerthedifferentcomponentsandplayers,atalllevelsoftheforthcomingOpenScienceCloud.

See: http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-cloud


European Open Science Cloud

Source:“OpenSciencepolicy:Resultsoftheconsultationon‘Science2.0:Scienceintransition’andpossiblefollowup.”PresentedbyJ.C.Burgelman,June32015ate-IRGworkshop.


TheEuropeanDigitalSingleMarketAdded Valuefor All

Compared to other regions across the globe, the EuropeanUnion (EU) Member States are generally characterized by anabove-average participation of the public sector in thenational economies, with common estimates of the publicsector’s stake in national GDPs ranging from 25% to 50% oftheir respective economies, depending on the country andon the metrics used.2 As a result, European administrationsgener- ally invest a signi cant budget in the creation ofPublic Sector Information (PSI), or Open Data. Thisinformation has a potential economic value that signi cantlyexceeds its strict public sector utility.


Source:November 2015- Astudy ontheImpactofRe-useofPublicDataResourceshttps://www.europeandataportal.eu/sites/default/files/edp_creating_value_through_open_data_0.pdf

Creating ValueThroughOpenDataOpenDatais asub-setof the commonly used term BigDataà BigData,OpenDataand ODGsare alsoproduced atResearchInstitutions

Boundaries of Open Data andPublic Sector Information


OpenData– ImpactonJobCreationEU28+privatesector:jobcreationà directlylinkedtothere-useofOpenData- excluding

staffworkingingovernmentadministrations

In2016TheforecastedtotalnumberofdirectOpenDatajobsin2016hasanupperboundof75,000jobs.By2020,theupperboundprovidesaforecastofjustunder100,000directjobsdirectlyrelatedtoOpenDatajobs.Thus,intheperiod2016-2020,almost25,000directOpenDatajobsarecreated.Thisequalsagrowthof32%overa5-yearperiod.Peryear,theincreaseinnumberofjobsisforecastedtogrowatanaveragerateof7.3%.

Source:November 2015- Astudy ontheImpactofRe-useofPublicData Resourceshttps://www.europeandataportal.eu/sites/default/files/edp_creating_value_through_open_data_0.pdf



Thevalue generatedby OpenData

PSIand public content domainsOECD (2006)

àOpenData:relevantreusedivided bydisciplines andsectors

àDatacoming outofpublicly fundedresearch are to beconsidered PSI



Sectors most applicable to OpenData

Numbers of sectors to which the data isapplicable as identified by Deloitte , (Deloitte 2013)


Thevalue generated by OpenDataBetween 2016and 202025,000jobs directly related to

OpenDatawillbe created



TheEuropeanScienceCloudis away to achieve higher level of economicproductivity through technology and innovation,inareas of likei.e.Trade,Tourism,FinancialServices,Manufactoring,ICT...,and ondraftingdevelopment oriented strategies that support innovation,creativity and jobcreation.

Thoughthecreationandthemanagementofdataandrelatedservicesmaybeexpensive,OpenScience,OpenDataandtheEOSCwillpavethewaytosubstantialeconomicgrowth,ascountrieslikeFrancetheU.S.andothersareexperiencing.Seee.g.thestudyCreatingValuethroughOpenDatafromtheEuropeanDataPortal,createdbytheDGConnectoftheEUCommission,availableatthiswebsite:https://www.europeandataportal.eu/sites/default/files/edp_creating_value_through_open_data_0.pdf

OpenScience,OpenDataand EOSC:Impactonthe economic world


Severalbenefitsofthere-useofOpenDataandrelatedservicesareidentifiedinthestudyoftheCommission.Theseconsistofdirectandindirectbenefits.

Directbenefitsaremonetised benefitsthatarerealised inmarkettransactionsintheformofrevenuesandGrossValueAdded(GVA),thenumberofjobsinvolvedinproducingaserviceorproduct,andcostsavings.

Indirecteconomicbenefitsarei.e.newgoodsandservices,timesavingsforusersofapplicationsusingOpenData,knowledgeeconomygrowth,increasedefficiencyinpublicservicesandgrowthofrelatedmarkets:moretransparency inthedecision making processes

Thevalue generated by OpenScienceand theEOSCthrough OpenData


Within the context of the launch of the EuropeanDataPortal,furtherevidence of the quantitativeimpact of re-use of OpenDatawasmeasured.Theaim of the study wasto collect,assess and aggregate economic evidenceto forecast the benefits of the re-use of OpenDatafor the EU28+.Four keyindicators were measured:- direct market size,- number of jobs created,- cost savings,- efficiency gains.

Between 2016and 2020,the market size of OpenDatais expected toincrease by 36.9%,to avalue of 75.7bn EURin2020.Theforecasted numberof direct OpenDatajobs in2016is 75,000jobs.From 2016to 2020,almost25,000extradirect OpenDatajobs are created.Theforecasted public sectorcost savings for the EU28+in2020are 1.7bn EUR.Efficiencygains aremeasured inaqualitativeapproach.


TheEuropeanDataPortals


For2016 thetotalmarketvalueofOpenDataisestimatedbetween193bnEURand209bn EURwithanestimatedprojectionof265-286bn EURfor2020,includinginflationcorrections.

Fortheperiod2016-2020,thecumulativedirectmarketsizeisestimatedat325bn EUR.ThecumulativetotalmarketsizeforOpenDataisforecastedtobebetween1,138and1,229bn EUR.


Creating ValueThroughOpenData


OpenData– EnvironmentalBenefitsOpenDatahelpachieveenvironmentalbenefitsItisshownthatOpenDatahasthepotentialofsaving1,425livesayear(i.e.5,5%oftheEuropeanroadfatalities).

Furthermore,applyingOpenDataintrafficcansave629millionhoursofunnecessarywaitingtimeontheroadintheEU.




Thevalue generated by OpenData



MakingUse of OpenDataTheDataValueChaincan serve as abasis to understand differenttypes of re-use

OpenDataValueChainCapgeminiConsulting,basedon:MEPSIR(2006),p.46andhttp://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=3488



TheDataValueChainThecreation of data services and products

Three forms of Open Data can be distinguished and are related to theData Value chain■ Raw data corresponds to quantities or other quantitativeorqualitativeattributes derived from observation,experiment,measurement or computation.Thedata are notstructured,contextualised nor commented.■ Information corresponds to aset of contextualised andstructured data,the producer’s intention being to make themmeaningful.■ Knowledge corresponds to cognitive appropriation of theinformation by anindividualwho organises,synthesises and/orsummarises it to make it more readily understandable.



TheDataValueChainThecreation of data services and products

DataValueChainArchetypeshttp://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Open-Data-for-Economic-Growth.pdf

Datacreation is done by the Suppliers.Theorganisations that collectand aggregate the OpenDataare called the Aggregators.Individuals orcompanies that analyse the data and create services and products canbe divided into Developersand Enrichers


Creating LegalFrameworks

OnahighleveltwoinitiativeswithrelatedlegalaspectshaveahugeimpactonthearchitecturesproposedbytheEOSCinitiativeandtheOpenSciencemovement

TheSDG(SustainableDevelopmentGoals)oftheU.N.

TheDIRECTIVEEU2013/37 amending Directive 2003/98/EConthe re-use of public sector information

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These1+2initiativescontain crucial elements that are relevant.Some of them contribute to support the creation of alegalframe for thecreation and the distribution of data (à opendata),the creation of relatedservices (à distributiveby design),and of course infrastructures (àaccessible infrastructures for fairuse)

DIRECTIMPACT:Thislegalframe contributes to the creation of:- acommon legalspace for FAIRdata and FAIRinfrastructures- crossborder services and related infrastructures- the use of common terminologies- the alignement of policies- the adoption of good governance models along the whole data value chain- the adoption of funding mechanism that lead to the distribution of data


1

à Three SDGare relevantinthis context:#9#4#5


» Qualityinfrastructureispositivelyrelatedtotheachievementofsocial,economicandpoliticalgoals

» Inadequateinfrastructureleadstoalackofaccesstomarkets,jobs,informationandtraining,creatingamajorbarriertodoingbusiness

» Undevelopedinfrastructureslimitsaccesstohealthcareandeducation

Industry Innovation&Infrastructure


QualityEducation&GenderEquality

» By2030,ensureequalaccessforallwomenandmen toaffordableandqualitytechnical,vocationalandtertiaryeducation,includinguniversity

» By2030,eliminategenderdisparitiesineducation andensureequalaccesstoalllevelsofeducationandvocationaltrainingforthevulnerable,includingpersonswithdisabilities,indigenouspeoplesandchildreninvulnerablesituation


Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and EU-COM

1


1


Creating LegalFrameworksIn2003,the EUissued legislation to govern the publication of OpenGovernment DatainMemberStatesviathe so-called PublicSectorInformation(PSI)Directive 2003/98/EC.17Themain objective wasto

enable better access to OpenDataby:

2 Source:November 2015- Astudy ontheImpactofRe-useofPublicDataResourceshttps://www.europeandataportal.eu/sites/default/files/edp_creating_value_through_open_data_0.pdf



„TheEuropeanPSIDirective (2003)wasestablished onaminimumharmonisation basis allowing MemberStatesto pave the way tothe interpretation and implementation of the framework.TheEuropeanDirective established framework rules regardingavailability,accessibility and transparency of OpenDatainEurope.Inaddition,it wasrecommended to have astandard electroniclicence for the re-use of OpenDataand to have atool to accessthe relevantdata sets viaalist of portal websites.„

à in2017:it is required that Datacoming outofpublicly funded research are to be considered PublicSector Information

2 Source:November 2015- Astudy ontheImpactofRe-useofPublicDataResourceshttps://www.europeandataportal.eu/sites/default/files/edp_creating_value_through_open_data_0.pdf


TheDIRECTIVEEU2013/37amending Directive 2003/98/EConthe re-use of public sector information

Amongalllegalinstruments,theDirectiveEU2013/37- whichamendedtheDirective2003/98/EConthere-useofPublicSectorInformation- hasdemonstratedtobeacrucialinstrument

Accordingtoparagraph(33)theobjectivesofDirectiveEU2013/37areto- facilitatethecreationofUnion-wideinformationproductsandservices basedonpublicsectordocuments,and- toensuretheeffectivecross-borderuseofpublicsectordocuments

2


(§3)OpenDataPolicies

à Theneedof“OpenDataPolicieswhichencouragethewideavailabilityofre-useofpublicsectorinformationforprivateorcommercialpurposes,withminimalornolegal,technicalorfinancialconstraints,andwhichpromotethecirculationofinformationnotonlyforeconomicoperatorsbutalsoforthepublic…“


(§3)OpenDataPolicies and economic growth

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(§17)Harmonisation of rules and practicesàpolicies

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TheDIRECTIVEEU2013/37amending Directive 2003/98/EConthe re-use of public sector information

FurthermoretheDirectiveexplicitlyrecognizestheroleofsomemajorstakeholder intheprocessesofdatacreation,managementandre-use.TheDirectivedoesnotonlyreferdirectlytothedata,theiruseandmaintenance,butitforeseestheautomationofmechanisms forthemaintenanceandtheaccessibilityofdataanditincludesalsothepossibilityofPPPmodelsandresultingbusinessmodels.

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(§18)Scope IIà new roles for libraries

2

Amongallstakeholder,theDirectiveassignsàarelevanttoUniversityLibraries,quoted8times


Amongallstakeholder,theDirectiveassignsàarelevanttoUniversityLibraries,

» (University)libraries,museums and archives are mentionedeight times inthe directive itself and five times intheamendment of the Directive

» UniversityLibrariesare relevantstakeholders inthe DigitalSingleMarketand inthe EuropeanOpenScienceCloud

» They alsoplay arelevantrole inthe OpenSciencemouvement because they holdthe data

» They know how to manage them,to enrich them» They can assume roles of brokerage of data and of services» Librariesare the main stgakeholders of huge pan-European

e-Infrastructures ProjectslikeOpenAIRE,RECODE,PASTEUR4OA,LEARNor are represented inmany initiativesled by LERUor LIBER

2


Open Data / Research DataLibraries as Holders of Data

Published documents

Underlying data


Sustainable Growth:Conclusions


Needed: Assignments of new roles, responsibilities and duties


RDM-Policies

Preingest Ingest Management Re-Distribution

archives

Legal space

Common terminologies

Good Governance Models and RDM- Policies

digital eco-systems


TowardsSustainableGrowth- Stepsenhancingastrategydevelopment

» Identify small and mediumplayers for the upcoming EOSC» Understand good governance models and implement them

» GenerateandadoptKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)

» Offerbusinessamatrixagainstwhichtoscoretheirsustainability» Concerningbusinessscorecards:pushcorporateambitionintherightdirectionin

termsofmeasuringwhatmatters» Createanetwork/astructureofflows

» Restructure:createaneconomythatisdistributivebydesign,embeddedinawebofflows

» Generateacommonlegalspaceforservicesandfordata

» Enhancepermanentaccess» IntroducetheFAIRprinciples

» Enhanceaccessibility

» InvolveDataSupportUnits:ICTServices,Libraries


TenRecommendationsforStrategyandPolicyDevelopment» Understand OpenScienceonabroad scale» Become „Partnerof Reference“for the EOSC» Concerning“CitizenScience”à empowerqualifiedpeople» Developskillsforlateraltechnologiesandachievedistributivedesign» Teachsocialentrepreneurship» Equipyoungpeoplewiththeseskills» Planforre-distributionofdata» Createforregenerate» CreateadigitalagendaandanOpenDigitizationPolicy» Ensurethatallpubliclyfundedresearchbecomespublicknowledge–

introducepublicdomainmark(CC01.0)whereveritispossible


Apresentation produced by the AustrianOpenScienceSupportGroup(AOSSG)Coordination Team:

PaoloBudroni,Universityof Vienna,Libraryand ArchiveServicesHeadof Departmente-Infrastructures,member of coordination team AOSSGAustrianNationalDelegate of E-IRG(E-Infrastructures Reflection Group)Chair of GAof e-Infrastructures AustriaPlus,H2020ProjectLEARN– WP3PolicyDevelopmentand Alignment,Memberof ManagementBoardof OpenEducationAustria,TAIEXExpert

BarbaraSánchezSolís,Universityof Vienna,Libraryand ArchiveServices,ManagerAustrianSocial ScienceDataArchive(AUSSDA),member of coordinationteam AOSSG,former coordinator of e-Infrastructures Austria,leader ov WP2e-Infrastructures AustriaPlus,DataManagementPlans(DMP)

RamanGanguly,Headof Designand SoftwareDpt.atViennaUniversityComputerCentre,member of coordination team AOSSGLeaderof WP3OpenEducationAustria,former TechnicalDirector of e-InfrastructuresAustria


AOSSG– Aknowledgement and ContactsResponsible for the content of this version (version November2017):

PaoloBudroni,ViennaUniversity,Libraryand ArchiveServicesincooperation with

RamanGanguly,ViennaUniversity,ComputerCentreand

BarbaraSánchezSolís,ViennaUniversity,Libraryand ArchiveServices

PaoloBudroni,[email protected],[email protected]ánchezSolí[email protected]

Authors of the graphics:PaoloBudroniRamanGanguly

Credits to MelanieStummvoll,ViennaUniversityLibraryand ArchiveService,for theparticipation atthe realisation of the slides concerning the EUDirective 2013/37


THANKS!

PaoloBudroni,[email protected]

Universityof Vienna,Libraryand ArchiveServicesHeadof Departmente-Infrastructures

E-Infrastructures Reflection Group,AustrianNationalDelegate

Chair of GAof e-Infrastructures AustriaH2020ProjectLEARN– WP3Policy Developmentand Alignment

Memberof ManagementBoardof OpenEducationAustriaTAIEXExpert

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