Architectures for Manufacturing Richard A. Wysk IE551 - Computer Control of Manufacturing Systems.
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Transcript of Architectures for Manufacturing Richard A. Wysk IE551 - Computer Control of Manufacturing Systems.
What is an Architecture?–“a style or method of design and construction”–“a design or orderly arrangement perceived by man”
Why are architectures important?Relevant for CIM control
Introduction
Types of Architectures
Different architectures in a manufacturing
facility Physical Logical Organizational
Material Transport Cart
Material Transport Cart
Material Transport Cart
KardexAS/RS
IBM 7535
Bridge
port
CNC Mill
Fanuc A0Cartrac Unit Conveyor
Transport System
Storage Workstation
Prismatic Machining Workstation
Rotational Machining Workstation
Horizon VVertical Mill
IBM 7545
Material Transport Cart
Assembly Workstation
Part Inverter
BufferFaunc M1-L
DaewooPumaTurningCenter
Unit D
Functional ArchitectureHow tasks relate to each otherSalesMarketingOrder entryProduction controlProcess planningEtc.
Communication Architecture• Linkages between entities that
allow forthe transmission of information
• Physical layer• Protocols and packeting of
information• See Chapter 6 of Chang et al
Information System Architecture• Data repositiories• Access method (DMA, TCP/IP, etc.)• Assess protocol (SQL, ODBC, fixed
read, etc.)• Ownership/privilege
DHC
DHS
DHC
DHC
DHC
DHC
DHS - Data Handler ServerDHC - Data Handler Client
ControllerDatabase
......
Example
Control Architecture• Considers all other architectures• Organization architecture
Responsibility Ownership Functions
Data Handler Equipment process plan (e.g. CAD file)
Equipment Controller
Convert
Machine Controller
Physical Machine
Device specific data(e.g. NC file, CL data, etc.)
Individual spindle/jointactivation commands
An Equipment Controller
Equip Equip Equip Equip Equip Equip
Wkstn WkstnWkstnResource Manager
Shop
A Collection of Controllers
Control Architecture
Hierarchical control (Master/Slave) Decomposition of functions into a tree
structure Logical layers of control
Heterarchical control Democracy at work Cooperative control
Several specifications of both ICAM 7 layer hierarchy NIST hierarchy
Planning Scheduling Execution Equip Operations-level
planning (e.g. tool path planning)
Determining the start/finish times for the individual tasks. Determining the sequence of part processing when multiple parts are allowed.
Interacting with the machine controller to initiate and monitor part processing.
Wkstn Determining the part routes through the workstation (e.g. selection of processing equipment). Includes replanning in response to machine breakdowns.
Determining the start/fininsh timnes for each part on each processing machine in the workstation
Interacting with the equipment level controllers to assign and remove parts and to syunchronize the activites of the devices (e.g. as required when using a robot to load a part on a machine tool).
Shop Determining the part routes through the shop. Splitting part orders into batches to match material transport and workstation capacity constraints.
Determining the start/finish times for part batches at each workstation.
Interacting with the workstation controllers and the Resource Manager to deliver/pickup parts.
What do we need to know?
• Computer control• Communications• Functional control• Information access and
processing
Where we go from here?
• Overview of architectures • Functional architectures Functional architectures • Information architectures Information architectures • Communication architectures Communication architectures • RapidCIM RapidCIM • Simulation-based Control Simulation-based Control • Holonic ManufacturingHolonic Manufacturing
Resources• Hoberecht, W. C., Smith, J. S., and Joshi, S. B., “Architectures for factory
control”, AUTOFACT, Conference Proceedings, AUTOFACT'92 Conference Proceedings, Sep 10-12 1992, Detroit, MI, USA., Sponsored by: Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Computer and Automated Systems Association of SME Publ by SME, Dearborn, MI, USA, p 13-27-39.
• Joshi, S. B., Mettala, E. G., Smith J. S., and Wysk, R. A., “Formal models for control of flexible manufacturing cells: physical and system model”, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, v11, n4, Aug, 1995 IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, p 558-570.
• Smith, J. S., Hoberecht, W. C., and Joshi, S. B. “Shop-floor control architecture for computer-integrated manufacturing” IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers), v28, n10, Oct, 1996 Chapman & Hall Ltd, London, U.K., p 783-794.