Sometimes long lasting materials are the only choice.Some references from Outokumpu for the Architecture, Building and Construction Industry.

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Outokumpu team in Sheffield has been working closely with partners to deliver the stainless steel panels involved in the construction of the Kelpies Project in Falkirk, Scotland.

Stunning stainless steel outdoor artwork erected in Scotland

The Kelpies are two giant horses’ heads which have been modelled on the Shire horses which used to tow canal boats carrying goods and supplies during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. The statues are some 30 metres high; over 300 tonnes of stainless steel have been used in their manufacture. They form a dramatic gateway to the Forth & Clyde canal on the East Coast of Scotland about 37 km north-west of Edinburgh. The artist behind the landmark is a local Scottish sculptor named Andy Scott.

Miniature Kelpies visited Outokumpu Sheffield

To publicise the statues, 2 smaller (3 meter high) scale models were made and during our Stainless steel Centenary Celebrations in Sheffield in June, they visited the Outokumpu site and also Sheffield University. They attracted a tremendous amount of attention when they were in Sheffield, and a local brewer even named a new beer after them!

Custom made panels

Over 900 panels of 316L continuous produced plate from Avesta and Tornio were processed in Coil & Plate Service Centre in Sheffield. The panels were cut into various different sizes on lasers in the Plate Service Centre, having been cut to optimum lengths in the Coil Service Centre.

The components represented a giant jigsaw puzzle, and were processed in such a way that different sections of the Kelpies could be put together at the sub-contractor, and then delivered to the site

in Falkirk for installation. As well as the actual processing, Outokumpu also project managed the production in such a way that the erection of the statues could run smoothly and be completed in time and under budget. The final panels were delivered to site and the final installation was done end of October.

There is still further work to be done on the site – landscaping, lighting and building the visitor centre which will be completed before the official opening in April 2014

Outokumpu has won a bid to provide stainless steel for the façade on Ping An Finance Center in Shenzhen, China. The skyscraper’s façade will be the largest stainless steel façade in the world. This contract demonstrates Outokumpu’s vast experience and advanced expertise in stainless steel. The building is expected to be finished in April 2016, with a height of 660 meters, and it is set to be the highest skyscraper in China and the second highest in the world.

The Ping An Finance Center will cover almost 0.5 square kilometers of building area. It will house the headquarters of Ping An Life Insurance Company of China and combine office functions with shops of high-end international and local brands, fine restaurants and an entertainment complex.

“In our substantive research on the bidders, Outokumpu stood out with its rich global experience and highly efficient and customized products. Outokumpu’s vision of ‘a world that lasts forever’ and the mission of ‘creating long lasting and recyclable advanced materials’ perfectly match our vision of providing a sustainable landmark to the pioneering spirit of Shenzhen,” said the spokesperson for Ping An Finance Center.

Teamwork pays off:

The construction project started several years ago around 2009 before the merger of Outokumpu and the former Inoxum. Both companies were submitting bids for the project and consequently material from both Nyby in Sweden and Dillenburg in Germany had been approved for the project as separate bidders.

“After the creation of the new Outokumpu, the project owner requested only one bid from the new company. After internal negotiations between the sales and production teams, it was decided to proceed with material from Dillenburg due to their vast experience.

Superior choice for façades:

The façade is an important part of the structure of a skyscraper. The spokesperson from the architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) in charge of the design of the structure commented on Outokumpu’s stainless steel that “The performance of the material is one of the best. It is durable in the most challenging of conditions delivering ever longer project lifecycles. The timely technical support and tailored advice will greatly help us along the construction process as well. ”Stainless steel has become a preferred material for architectural façades because of its qualities. Its mechanical properties allow for a thinner façade and it also keeps the building insulated from the elements as well as sound. Specifically, longevity and corrosion resistance is necessary to avoid material replacement due to esthetic or functional failure. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel also helps other long-life materials such as wood, stone, concrete and masonry to achieve their potential. Stainless steel’s solar reflective index on common finishes shield buildings and structures from both summer heat gain and winter heat loss, reducing energy requirements.

Project Details: Architecture & design: Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF).

Product: 1700 tonnes of stainless steel delivered to the façade of the main tower building. There will be another bidding arranged for the podium part of the building which requires some 800 tonnes of stainless. Tender starts mid-2014.

Material: Austenitic 316L stainless steel sheets with Linen 25 surface finish in 2.0mm & 0.8 mm.

Project completion: April 2016.

Some things should last forever

China’s highest skyscraper will carry a facade made of Outokumpu stainless

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One of the key focuses for Outokumpu is the oil rich GCC countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait. The main reason for this is that these countries are showing a very rapid growth in infrastructure projects in order to fulfill the needs of an ever growing population.

It is a transformation from poverty to richness faster than any other region has experienced in the modern era. These projects include desalination plants, power plants, roads & bridges, industrial investments etc. We are also seeing investments in the transportation sector with new and expanded airports, sea ports, metro’s as well as a railway linking the countries.

The stainless steel market in the GCC countries is for high quality primary material only and not secondary. The quality demands are driven by the large Western consultants, architects and EPC contractors operating in the region. Since aesthetics is very important in this region and the atmosphere very corrosive, stainless steel is a natural choice.

Qatar – New Doha International Airport, NDIA.

Total investment is USD 14.5 billion. We have currently delivered more than 2000 mt direct and at least 500 mt indirect to this project, all 316L. We have been successful due to the work which started back in 2009. We have had several meetings and were at one time the only approved supplier of stainless steel to NDIA. Thanks to this we have been able to supply material from 7 mills, Tornio, Avesta, Degerfors QPE, Degerfors LP, OSTP Storfors, OSTP Nyby and OSTP Ö-vik as well as Castellone. The plates supplied

Outokumpu stainless steel gives a new look for the New Street station in Birmingham, UK. More than 8 000 bright polished, laser-cut panels of stainless steel, altogether more than 20 000 square meters, will cover the façade of the station. Outokumpu supplies up to 400 tons of stainless steel for the cladding of the building.

One of the busiest stations in UK:

Birmingham is one of the busiest train stations in the UK, used by 1,40,000 passengers a day. Originally it was built to accommodate less than half that number in the 1960s. Network Rail is now undertaking redevelopment work which will give passengers a concourse with three and a half times more space, more accessible platforms with new escalators and lifts. During the work, the concrete exterior of the building will be cladded with stainless steel.

All Stainless Steel from Outokumpu:

Martifer is managing the entire steelwork project, which was started in 2010 and takes place in the Birmingham city centre. They approached Outokumpu, requesting a very brightly polished stainless steel for the façade of the building. All of the stainless steel in the new New Street station comes from Outokumpu. Tornio produced three-millimeter 316 coils which were then cut to length, bright polished and finished in Sheffield by Outokumpu and its subcontractor, a long-time partner of Outokumpu who was recommended to the customer by Outokumpu. Outokumpu’s plate service centre in Sheffield also advised the station contractors on how to handle stainless steel.

from Degerfors and Castellone were all added - value sales since they were polished. The material has been used in road barriers, piping for central cooling systems, cladding for escalators, elevators, columns etc.

Dubai International Airport – Concourse 3:

Total investment USD 7.5 Billion. Dubai is currently the 4th busiest airport in the world after London, Paris and Hong Kong. This is a terminal dedicated to Emirates Airlines and the super jumbo Airbus A-380 of which they have ordered 90 aircrafts. We have been the only approved supplier of stainless steel thanks to the hard work carried out by our sales managers and that has led to more than 600mt of 316L, #4 & 2D from Tornio, supplied so far for wall cladding etc.

Concourse 4 Dubai International Airport:

When Concourse 3 is ready the expansion continues with Concourse 4. They buy Outokumpu material due to our good reputation of being a reliable and high quality producer

Deliveries to the hour:

As per Network Rail Project Director. “The stainless steel facade is an integral element of our project to completely transform Birmingham New Street station. We are working in and around an original 1960s structure that has long given a tired and poor impression to the busiest station outside of London and Britain’s second city. The steel cladding transforms the dated structure into a stunning, 21st century, world class building and puts the station on the map as a landmark in Birmingham, adding to the city’s growing reputation for good design. The steel cladding completed so far has already created a buzz around the city and all involved are excited about the future final completion.

“After a careful market analysis and detailed tendering process, Martifer selected Outokumpu due to the high-end characteristics of the product and the confidence instilled in us during the several technical meetings that preceded the order issue. As the extreme complexity of this project is only surpassable through careful management of processes and adequate monitoring of all operations, Outokumpu proved to be the partner that Martifer needed for a project of this magnitude and technical requirements. Outokumpu is technically and in Martifer’s opinion the leading expert in stainless steel solutions. “Due to the nature of the project and from the fact that almost no single panel is the same & unique laser-etched references were used, Outokumpu’s production process, understanding the best way to streamline and optimize time-consuming tasks and finishing with just-in-time deliveries showed the level of cooperation that is required every day to achieve the common goals.” The first half of the New Street station has opened up for passengers in April 2013. The station will be completed in 2015.

Airport project successes in the Middle East New start for the New Street station

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A glossy stainless steel surface reflects the adjacent sea on the Seurasaari island of Helsinki, forming the roof of a newly finished monument that echoes the mythology of the Kalevala, Finland’s national epic.

Translating mystery into form

Architect Travis Price explains the use of stainless steel in the installation, the culmination of a design-build student project inspired by the Kalevala: “Stainless steel has enabled us to create expressive architecture that evokes the mystery of the saga and its epic proportions. Stainless Steel translates mystery into form.”

A place to meet and reflect

The monument in Seurasaari is a small pavilion used as a place for meeting and reflection. It was built by the students with the help of local artisans over ten days in late August 2010.

The stainless steel roof of the pavilion is a compound curve suggestive of a cracking egg, reflecting the Kalevala’s story of the earth’s creation. “The strength of stainless steel enabled our trick to create this highly fragile image, allowing the use of very thin material to build the complex shape,” Price explains. “The real beauty of stainless steel is the ability to use the least amount of material combined with the most power.” Another important value with the design is ecology. “Stainless steel is one of the most ecological materials – a living example against throwawayism,” Price confirms.

Play of lights

In addition to stainless steel, The Shaman’s Haven of the Kalevala is built out of wood and glass. The stainless roof “floats” on the wooden body of the structure, supported by “invisible” glass. Reflective bright-annealed stainless steel also clads the ceiling, creating an inter-play of light inside the pavilion.

From the outside, the stainless steel roof reflects the clouds, and gives an impression that what would be heavy is as light as air. On the inside, the reflections of the surrounding sea offer the sense that the ceiling is carried by the waves and melts into the sky.

The roof and ceiling were realized using bright annealed, grade EN 1.4404 (AISI 316) austenitic stainless steel supplied by Outokumpu. Most elements were prefabricated to speed construction, with final assembly and crafting by hand on site.

Stunning in architectural design, BMW Welt in Munich, Germany, is BMW’s new glass-and-steel palace for car delivery and brand experience. The façade is built by Josef Gartner using Outokumpu’s austenitic stainless steel.

Futuristic showroom

With the launch of BMW Welt, the German car manufacturer has elevated buying a car from mere transaction to ritualistic experience. This landmark building, situated on a highly visible site between Munich’s Olympic Park and the BMW headquarters, is designed to embrace visitors entirely into the world of BMW. Buyers can not only meet their new cars as they rotate on turntables, but also immerse themselves in visions of future mobility. There’s a junior campus educating children and young people on autos and an event forum for diverse happenings and excitement. Visitors are served by a series of restaurants and shops. BMW expects to deliver 45,000 cars and to receive 800,000 visitors each year.

Form and function

The architectural design speaks volumes about BMW’s values. The dominating feature is a “double cone” glass-and-steel structure that supports a cloud-like roof. Here perforated stainless steel panels act as both aesthetic and functional elements, providing the desired impressions as well as sun protection. Stainless steel is also the dominating façade material on the upper sections of the building, and it is used in indoor cladding. The contracting company Josef Gartner GmbH of Germany selected Outokumpu as the stainless steel supplier based on long-term good relations and Outokumpu’s long experience with architecture.

Trusted partner

Outokumpu’s supply for BMW Welt comprised approximately 500 tons of stainless coil and sheet. The material for the external sections was austenitic EN 1.4404 (ASTM 316L), with the milder grade EN 1.4301 (ASTM 304) chosen for indoor cladding. All material was delivered with a 2B surface finish, shotblasted prior to fabrication by Josef Gartner. A project manager from the company commented: “We were absolutely satisfied with Outokumpu’s performance. Outokumpu met our expectations. We received the material in the right condition, and at the right place and time.”

Project Details

Building owner: BMW AG, Munich, Germany

Architectural design: Coop Himmelb (l) au, Vienna

Structural engineering: Bollinger + Grohmann, Schmitt, Stumpf, Frühauf + Partner

Curtain wall (façade, roof structures): Josef Gartner GmbH, Gundelfingen, Germany (a subsidiary of Permasteelisa S.p.A.)

Stainless Steel forms an architectural installation of poetic dimension

Stainless shines on architectural masterpiece

Project Details

Kalevalakehto/The Sharmans Haven of the Kalevala

Design: U.S. and Finnish Students – Catholic University of Amercia and Aalto University

Architect: Travis Price

Materials

• 316 stainless steel BA 0.3mm tube and plate

• Dedicated August 26 2010

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Tall, shiny and handsome

Burj Khalifa uses Outokump Stainless Steel

The Burj Khalifa Bin Zayed, known for short as the Burj Tower was opened to the world on January 4, 2010 in Dubai.

The façade of the 828metre high tallest building in the world features Outokumpu Stainless as part of its advanced cladding system and is also particularly resilient – stainless steel resists the environmental corrosive effects because of its simultaneous proximity to sea and desert and the temperature fluctuations this causes.

In addition to rigorous heat testing with a jet engine, the building skin was subject to extensive wind tunnel tests. And the surface was treated to economise on weight and make the façade non-reflective in order not to confuse the pilots on their approach to the airport in Dubai. Stainless was also used extensively in the interiors in combination with stone and glass.

Linking key areas

A major urban development is underway in Singapore’s Marina Bay area. An integrated resort is going up on one side of the Bay comprising a business and financial center, high-end apartments and waterfront gardens. The opposite side of the Bay will see a giant observation wheel named Singapore Flyer. In addition, a landmark pedestrian bridge, part of a larger bridge development project, spans the bay and links key destinations. It provides the first pedestrian access around Marina Bay.

Spectacular views, illuminating design

The bridge is composed of two spiraling tubular stainless steel members, resembling the structure of DNA. This unique stainless double-helix structure takes bridge architecture and engineering to entirely new directions. According to the designers, the DNA-like structure symbolizes “life and continuity, renewal and growth” and as such underscores Singapore’s international image and goals for Marina Bay. The bridge will also allow for spectacular views of the city skyline, both from the deck and five viewing platforms, with the stainless steel surfaces reflecting a series of illuminating lights programmed to enhance the design.

Duplex yet again

The bridge engineers selected high-strength duplex as the appropriate stainless grade for the double-helix and support structures. In the hot and humid, maritime climate of Singapore, this highly corrosion resistant grade ensures low maintenance costs and continued good appearance during a service life of at least 100 years. The high strength of the grade also enables the development of a cost-efficient design. The contract follows a series of demanding bridge projects worldwide for which Outokumpu has supplied duplex stainless products in several different grades. Outokumpu helps bridge designers and engineers to realize one cutting-edge idea after another.

An anchor for THE Media Harbor Frank Gehry’s Neue Zollhof in Düsseldorf’s Media Harbor draws extensively on lessons learned from the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. Constructed in 1999, the structures of this three-building complex have leaning façades and embrace curved distortions of space. One building has outside walls of polished stainless steel that reflect the red brick and white plaster of its counterparts. The building represents one of the first building projects in which stainless steel by Outokumpu was consistently used as a design element for the outer façade. The postmodern cluster has become an anchor for Düsseldorf’s new media industry.

The Marina Bay Pedestrian Bridge in Singapore is a stunning work of architectural and engineering design. The bridge links key development sites and while being an attraction in itself, symbolizing Singapore’s aspirations as a biomedical hub.

Project Details

• Project owner: Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) / Land Transport Authority (LTA), Singapore

• Consultants: COX Group Pte Ltd (Australia), ARUP Pte Ltd (Australia) and Architects 61 (Singapore)

• Main contractor: Sato Kogyo (S) Pte Ltd

• Fabricator: TTJ Design and Engineering, Singapore

Materials

• Grade EN 1.4462 (Outokumpu 2205) high-strength duplex stainless steel

• Plates for structural sections: thickness 8-60 mm, 1D surface

• Pipes: wall thickness 5-16 mm, outer diameter 114.3-508.3 mm

Outokumpu stainless used in Marina Bay bridge, Singapore

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The upper sections of the Stonecutters Bridge towers are formed from a composite structural section of reinforced concrete and duplex stainless steel plate from Outokumpu. The bridge is an excellent showcase of the merits of duplex grades in structural applications.

Strength and aesthetics combined

Stonecutters is one of the biggest road bridges in the world and one of only two cable-stayed bridges with a span of more than one kilometre. Dominating Hong Kong’s skyline, the bridge echoes Hong Kong’s image as one of the most cosmopolitan and vibrant cities in Asia. The towers are in reinforced concrete up to level 175m and, for the top 118m, they are in a composite section consisting of an inner concrete core and stainless steel on the outside, connected by shear studs. The heavy composite structure necessary stiffness and damping for the stay cables, as well as a striking aesthetic effect.

Long bridge life, no need for maintenance

The owner requested a 120-year design life for the bridge. Arup, finding that carbon steel did not provide sufficient durability, concluded that the appropriate material was high-strength duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steels are today preferred for a broad range of structural applications owing to their high strength – close to double that of austenitic grades. The hot, humid and maritime environment of Hong Kong also required a material with high corrosion resistance, provided by the duplex grade to render the tower tops maintenance-free, a major consideration for the bridge operators because of the difficulty of accessing these sections.

Sicklauddsbron (Bridge Apaté), a stainless steel bridge that spans the Sickla Canal in the Hammarby Sjöstad area of Stockholm, has received the prestigious European Steel Design Award.

The bridge’s load-bearing sections have been manufactured using high-strength duplex stainless steel hot rolled plate from Avesta Polarit Hot Rolled Plate in Degerfors. The 25mm gauge plates were first sent to Avesta Polarit PSC Nordic, also based in Degerfors, to undergo further processing, such as water cutting and bending. The joint preparation and welding preparations were also handled by PSC Nordic. The finished components for the bridge were then put together by Stålmonteringar AB Stålab, located in Trollhättan.

The award ceremony took place in Lucerne in Switzerland on 17 September. The prize is awarded every other year to the most innovative steel constructions in Europe. The award was set up in order to encourage the creative use of steel in architecture and structural design. Bridge Apaté was nominated for the European Steel Design Award by the Swedish Institute of Steel Construction (Stålbyggnadsinstitutet) after receiving national recognition in the form of the Steel Design Award (Stålbyggnadspriset) 2003.

At the institute’s annual meeting, Bridge Apaté was awarded the Swedish Steel Design Award 2003 for the most innovative steel construction in Sweden in the past three years. The achievement was won in the face of some stiff competition from the COOP Arena (formerly the Dolphin) in Luleå and Pier F at Arlanda Airport.

The Steel Design Award was founded to encourage the use of steel in constructions and to generate new ideas and inspirational solutions. The prize was awarded for the first time this year. The award

ceremony is due to take place in Gothenburg on Steel Construction Day, 16 October. Avesta Polarit’s Hot Rolled Plate business unit in Degerfors is the world’s largest producer of stainless steel hot rolled individual plate. AvestaPolarit PSC Nordic in Degerfors is the Nordic region’s leading plate service centre forplate processing. PSC Nordic specialises in value-added processes such as water cutting, plasma cutting & bending.

Full support from Outokumpu

Outokumpu completed the supply of polished plates with 1K surface in 2006. Final surface finishing was carried out by a fabricator in China. Outokumpu followed up with technical support during construction. Outokumpu also supplied duplex stainless steel tubes and plates for the anchoring boxes of the bridge’s cables. “Stonecutters Bridge is further proof of our skills and the capabilities of our international team to deliver for the most demanding structural projects in the world,” says Anders Finnås, Outokumpu’s Segment Sales Manager for architectural and structural applications.

Project Details • 1,596m-long dual 3-lane high-level cable-stayed bridge,

with a clear span of 1,018m

• Commissioned on December 20th, 2009

• High-strength duplex 1.4462 (Outokumpu 2205)

• Polished plate 1K

In cooperation with • Design consultant: Group led by Ove Arup and Partners

Hong Kong Limited with COWI A/S as main sub-consultant

• Construction supervision: Ove Arup and Partners Hong Kong Limited

• Main contractor: Maeda-Hitachi-Yokogawa-Hsin Chong Joint Venture (MHYH JV)

• Fabrication of duplex plate: Subcontractor in China

Project Details • Apate Bridge, Stockholm.

Pedestrain Bridge 2002

Materials • High strength duplex stainless steel 2205

• Supplied prefabricated segments at Degerfors Mill

Duplex stainless in Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong

Stainless steel bridge receives international award

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Mead’s Reach Bridge, Bristol UK Outokumpu stainless used in Siena Bridge, Italy

Outokumpu’s duplex stainless steel is used to build the Mead’s Reach Bridge in Bristol, UK.

As part of an urban development project, the harbour at Bristol’s Temple Quay has been newly connected to the city centre by an architecturally exciting, all-stainless steel bridge for pedestrians and cyclists.

The inspiration:

The Mead’s Reach Bridge is the result of collaboration between several specialists in stainless steel. It was designed by London-based Niall McLaughlin Architects alongside artist, Martin Richman. The steel bridge was then engineered and fabricated by m-tec in the UK. It was made from duplex 2205 stainless steel plate sourced from Outokumpu.

The steel bridge is a 55-metre arc across the river. It makes inventive use of stainless steel, with stainless steel plates forming the steel bridge deck and perforated flanks to allow interplay of light and reflection off the water. Its purpose is to underscore the relationship of the structure with its surroundings.

The practicalities:

The engineering, fabrication and construction of the steel bridge were all equally innovative. Engineered by m-tec’s Design Team, the steel bridge was fabricated in eight sections at the company’s plant in Darwen, Lancashire. The sections were then welded together and polished on site in Bristol. It took one of the largest cranes in Europe to lift the 75-tonne steel bridge into place in August 2009.

m-tec works with public artists, architects and urban renewal specialists to turn stainless steel into artwork and structures that

Siena, Italy is home to the world’s first major footbridge built from Outokumpu’s LDX 2101® duplex stainless steel.

Thinking the future:

The project is the result of successful interplay between an enlightened design engineer, farsighted community leaders and Outokumpu. The lead designer for the bridge, Mr Pierangelo Pistoletti, speaks about two passions that he harbors: one is for bridges, and the other is for stainless steel. He is fascinated about bridges because of their challenging structural complexity and about stainless steel because of the superior solutions that the material presents to the structural challenges.

Stainless all the way:

“Mild steel poses a risk for critical structures, because without regular coating the structures can be attacked by serious corrosion, leading to material fatigue and even to a risk of collapse. Regular coating to fight corrosion is also costly,” Mr Pistoletti explains. When the City of Siena in Tuscany commissioned him to design a footbridge over a busy motorway in the suburb of Ruffolo, he and his engineering firm SETECO went to work on an all-stainless steel, cable-stayed bridge. The process took a new turn when Outokumpu’s Italian marketing arm introduced SETECO to a relatively new material: LDX 2101® duplex stainless steel developed by Outokumpu and produced by no other stainless steel maker.

Lean duplex brings savings:

Outokumpu LDX 2101® is a lean duplex grade that provides the excellent properties of duplex stainless steels with a nickel content of just 1.5%. The grade is ideal for load-bearing structures where

help to re-design and re-define space. With the Mead’s Reach Bridge, m-tec expands its portfolio to stainless steel bridges.

Duplex 2205 was chosen by m-tec to provide the necessary corrosion resistance, because of Bristol’s maritime climate. The duplex grade was also chosen because of its high strength. The company says that they tend to favor duplex 2205 in most of their projects.

Why Outokumpu?

m-tec chose Outokumpu as the duplex plate supplier based on their experience working with Outokumpu over a number of years. An m-tec representative cites Outokumpu’s in-depth product knowledge and excellent service as reasons for working with them.

Project Details

• Fabricator: m-tec, the architectural division of WEC Group Ltd

• Architectural design: Niall McLaughlin Architects & Martin Richman

• Structural design: Price & Myers Consulting Engineers

• Contractor: Dean & Dyball Civil Engineering

Materials

• Mead’s Reach Bridge: A stressed skin arc of stainless steel, 55m long.

• 75 tonnes, built in 8 sections from 2205 duplex stainless steel.

moderate corrosion resistance is adequate such as in Siena, an inland city with low pollution levels. Mr Pistoletti was persuaded by the merits of the material and specified LDX 2101® for the towers and roadway of the bridge. Siena city representatives were no less impressed, attracted to the long, maintenance-free life and unfading good looks that the material promised. The high strength of LDX 2101® enabled Mr Pistoletti to design a light-weight structure compared to traditional bridge designs.

Project Details

Type: cable-stayed, 60 m long

Owner: City of Siena

Architect: Pierangelo Pistoletti, SETECO

Structural engineering: SETECO

Contractor: MMI

Materials

Outokumpu lean duplex grade LDX 2101® Plates processed at service center in Italy Surface finish: 1D.

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A milestone for footbridges in the U.S. Duplex for Europe’s longest pedestrian and cycling bridge

Outokumpu’s duplex stainless steel has been chosen for a key structural element in an iconic pedestrian bridge in San Diego, California. The bridge is slated to stand as a beacon for the nation’s bridge designers and engineers in the use of stainless.

Designed to last more than a 100 years:

The new landmark footbridge will provide pedestrian access between the city’s spectacular Balboa Park and the picturesque natural harbor of San Diego Bay, spanning six railroad tracks and several lanes of vehicle traffic. Designed to serve over 100 years, the bridge is built with a material that enables reliable, maintenance-free service over the design life in the maritime Pacific climate: duplex stainless steel of grade Outokumpu 2205. “Because the bridge is close to the San Diego Bay, high resistance to corrosion was required,” says Dan Fitzwilliam, a senior bridge engineer at the lead design engineering firm T.Y. Lin International.

Aesthetics and strength:

Another key reason for the material choice was aesthetics. “We wanted something with a high-quality finish because pedestrians would be interacting with the bridge at a much slower pace than one would passing under in a vehicle,” says Dan Fitzwilliam. Also contributing was the characteristic strength of duplex. “The stainless steel had a load carrying capacity, too,” he continues, “so the stainless steel had to have high strength.” Duplex stainless steel features almost twice the strength compared to austenitic stainless steel.

Three 60-metre long bridge arches are key to ensuring the eye-catching appearance of a pedestrian and cycling bridge in Sölvesborg, in Sweden. The arches are being built from Outokumpu duplex stainless steel.

Lifecycle advantage with duplex

The key reason for choosing the material for the bridge arches was the overall life-cycle costs associated with the structure. “We can avoid repainting costs associated with the bridge arches and rails every 15th year. Ultimately this means approximately a 500 000 euro calculative saving in maintenance costs with 2012 price levels”, says Ronny Södergren, managing director of Stål & Rörmontage AB, the company responsible for the construction of the bridge.

No impact on nearby bird conservation area

Because stainless steel, contrary to carbon steel, doesn’t require surface treatment and only minor maintenance, the benefits of using duplex are significant also from the environmental perspective. The Sölvesborg community can now avoid negative impacts associated with epoxy painting residue and sand blasting on a nearby bird conservation area.

Stronger design, stable pricing

The high strength of the chosen duplex stainless steel grade enabled a lighter design. Less material needed for the bridge arches ultimately means lower environmental impact of the whole structure. An additional benefit is that the low nickel content of duplex ensures more stable prices, given that the volatility of standard austenitic prices can be up to ten times higher due to fluctuations in the price of nickel.

Recommended by consultant and fabricator:

Outokumpu was found by the steel fabricator, with a role played also by the consulting company. “We weren’t aware of 2205 previously. When we started to list the criteria for the San Diego bridge, we contacted TMR Consulting to aide us in the search. They were instrumental in the final material selection.” TMR Consulting is a metallurgy consulting firm based in Pittsburgh, PA, which regularly works with Outokumpu in a consultant role.

Project Details

Summary: A single-cable self-anchored suspension bridge with a 108 m long main span and featuring a 40 m tall concrete pylon

Owner: City of San Diego

Design engineer: T.Y. Lin International, San Diego, California

Architect: Safdie Rabines Architects, California Contractor: Reyes Corporation, California

Stainless steel fabricator: AMECO USA Metal Fabricating Solutions, Cleveland, Ohio

Materials Duplex stainless steel Outokumpu 2205 (EN 1.4462) plate fabricated into pipe.

Benefits include:

• Aesthetic appearance

• Strength

• Easy maintenance

More bridge for the money spent

The bridge, which will connect the center of Sölvesborg with a new district called Ljungaviken Listerlandet, “Simply put, the customer gets ‘more bridge for the money spent’ with duplex steel”, says Anders Finnås who is responsible for the building and construction segment at Outokumpu in Degerfors, Sweden. “Better price stability together with the effective use of the material provides overall a very cost-efficient and attractive design.”

Project Details

Project: 756-meter bridge in Sölvesborg,Sweden

Fabricator: Stål & Rörmontage AB

Materials • 150 tonnes of Outokumpu duplex LDX 2101® stainless steel

• 3 arches, 60m span carrying the higher deck section

• Arches made from duplex stainless steel plate

• Railings and deck support structure also LDX 2101®

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The Project Engineering team tested the stainless steel samples from the 200 tons lot supplied by Outokumpu in different grades (1.4301, 1.4304 and 1.4162). They found the performance to be exceeding their satisfactory level.

Outokumpu’s persistent approach, technical support on specifications and guidelines initially, submission of samples and test results, timely updates and inputs in the decision making phase, organizing customer plant visit together with and Outokumpu’s Brand value helped in bagging the order of about 200 tons.

After the order and supply Outokumpu India offered guidance at the time of the actual field use of the product to win their respect and goodwill.

It was a very happy moment to witness the structure during inauguration with a fervent hope that someone in thirtieth century will thank Outokumpu for building a stong everlasting foundation. Creating a world that lasts forever.

100 years life expected for BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir in Kolkata, India

BAPS, a charitable trust having NGO recognition, has taken various steps to serve the society. Their Akshardham Temple in New Delhi is one of their outstanding contributions to society. In continuation to their noble work, they decided to construct a similar structure in Kolkata on the banks of River Ganges. A decision was taken to build the temple in 1987 and the drive for donation collection began for the noble cause.

The spiritual guru wanted the Temple to have a life of over 1000 years as a source of inspiration for future generations. The Structural Engineers were assigned the task to choose the suitable materials from stone to steel. Material sciences dictated the choice for stainless steel Reinforcing Bars for the Pile Foundation in view of marshy land. Besides the foundation in reinforced concrete, the entire structure is made out of special stones from Rajasthan, India.

Stainless steel rebar is an insurance against corrosion and concrete spalling. To ensure long life spans, stainless rebar has been used successfully in highly demanding structures, including bridges and other road infrastructure, which show no signs of deterioration after many decades of service in harsh seaside environments.

All the technical inputs shared by Outokumpu India representatives as well as their visit to our Sheffield plant and interactions with mill technical personnel helped them make the final choice. Mr. B. B. Choudhary, Structural Engineer decided to use Stainless Steel Reinforcement for the Foundation to achieve the expected life and his suggestion to the Temple Committee was well received.

The Gateway Upgrade Project, to duplicate a motorway bridge across the Brisbane River in Australia’s Queensland, will use duplex LDX 2101® stainless steel reinforcement bar.

Stainless rebar extends life to 300 years

South-east Queensland is the fastest growing region in Australia. To meet the region’s future demands and to secure its economic success, Brisbane’s six-lane Gateway Bridge has been duplicated as part of the Gateway Upgrade Project. This is the largest road and bridge project in Queensland’s history. Looking to the future, the new bridge has a design life of 300 years. To ensure such a long lifespan, the bridge design specifies stainless steel reinforcement bar in the most critical bridge structures: the splash zones of the two main river pylons.

First ever use of LDX 2101® for rebar

Based on state-of-the-art knowledge of stainless steel rebar, the joint venture was looking for a product in the austenitic grade EN 1.4404 (ASTM 316L). Outokumpu had a better idea and suggested using duplex stainless steel of grade LDX 2101® instead. The corrosion resistance of this proprietary Outokumpu duplex grade is close to that of 1.4404. However, LDX 2101® does the task with very low nickel, making the duplex grade highly competitive to austenitic grades.

LDX 2101® had never been used in rebar before. So the bridge engineers had the question on the required corrosion resistance for the extended period of time? Outokumpu’s in-house research metallurgists had made extensive corrosion tests on LDX 2101® rebar in the event that concrete is permeated by seawater. The results prove that LDX 2101® withstands such a high corrosion environment.

As a result of the research and tests, the second Gateway Bridge was constructed with LDX 2101® rebar. Outokumpu has supplied about 100 tons by 2008. The Gateway Upgrade Project is opened to use by 2011.

Pioneering use of duplex LDX 2101® in concrete reinforcement

Project Details

Structural Engineer: B.B. Choudhary

Inauguration: 31 January to 2 February 2014

Materials

• 200 tonne of 304, 304L and LDX 2101®

Project Details

Design and Construction: Leighton AbiGroup joint venture

Design life: 300 years

Materials

• LDX 2101® high strength stainless steel re-bar

1918

Project Details

• Phra Mahathat Chedi: Design and construction of a Chedi at a Buddhist temple in Thailand using duplex LDX 2101® stainless steel reinforcement bar from Outokumpu

• Project duration: 2010-2012

• Owner: Phra Athikan Akaradej Thirachitto Wat Boonyawad, Chonburi

• Consultants and Structural Design: Infra Technology Service Co., Ltd

• Main contractor: Siphaya Construction Company Limited

Materials

• LDX 2101® high strength stainless steel re-bar

A Buddhist temple lays its concrete foundation with lean duplex stainless steel reinforcement bar from Outokumpu.

Built to last more than a thousand years

Less than two hours’ drive from the teeming tourist beaches of Pattaya in Thailand, a largely undeveloped hillside in Chounbri province conceals a very different site – a sacred place – home to a Buddhist temple.

Founded some years ago, the temple has been operating in makeshift facilities. Now the local community has undertaken a project to build the temple with the traditional structures of a Buddhist shrine, complete with a Chedi (also known as pagoda) and the main hall Phra Ubosot.

A Chedi is a bell-shaped structure containing Buddhist relics. Original Chedis are thought to be places that shield the remains of Buddha. A Chedi is a symbol of enlightenment, and it is the oldest and most prevalent form of Buddhist architecture. A Phra Ubosot is the holiest prayer room of a Buddhist temple.

The temple committee, in charge of the new development, wants to see that the project will produce a sacred place that will fulfill the spiritual needs of a great many generations to come. Their very ambitious goal is to have the structure of the Chedi serve more than one thousand years.

Reinforced with stainless steel

The millennial project’s construction consultant has advised the committee to use stainless steel reinforcing bar (SSR for short) in the most critical concrete structures – most particularly in the groundwork and the shear key (the section where the body of the building is anchored) of the Chedi.

Conventionally rebar is fabricated from carbon steel. Carbon steel rebar relies on the high alkalinity of concrete for its protection from corrosion. In long-life structures such as temples and monuments, the high alkalinity is unlikely to be retained, and the carbon steel will corrode. The corrosion products will cause the concrete to burst (known as spalling) resulting in the ultimate failure of the structure.

Insurance against corrosion

Stainless steel rebar is an insurance against corrosion and spalled concrete. To ensure long life spans, stainless rebar has been used successfully in highly demanding structures, including bridges and other road infrastructure, which show no signs of deterioration after decades of service.

On the recommendation of their stainless specialist, the temple project’s engineering team first considered using either one of two designations of stainless for the rebar: conventional austenitic EN 1.4301/1.4307 (ASTM 304/304L), suitable for mildly corrosive environments, and duplex 2304. The latter designation features both high mechanical strength, typical of all duplex stainless steels, and high corrosion resistance.

Outokumpu steps in

Also on the recommendation of their stainless specialist, the temple engineering team contacted Outokumpu for quotes and information on both stainless steel designations.

At this stage, Outokumpu’s specialists stepped into the process. Outokumpu wanted to make sure that the project would have access to all relevant information about stainless steel designations and that the project could, as a result, choose the best one for the application. In April 2010, groundwork commenced at the temple site with Outokumpu’s LDX 2101® rebar.

Value added from Outokumpu

Suwimon Kaewkanokwichit of Outokumpu’s representative office in Thailand elaborates on some of the benefits for the customer from collaborating with Outokumpu: “In addition to securing an optimal product, the project has received excellent support from Outokumpu.”

The Outokumpu business units involved in the project from the very beginning have been Rod Mill and Bar Finishing in Sheffield, UK. “The teams at these units have worked hard to be flexible in deliveries to meet the needs of the project,” Suwimon affirms.

Outokumpu’s Singapore-based specialist in stainless steel rebar and other products for the construction industry, Nick Tan, adds that Outokumpu’s services have played a major role in the success of the project.

“We have worked very fast as a team,” Nick says. “We have continuously engaged with the customer in order to fully understand their needs, and we have done our best to meet those needs, including air-cargo of samples for material testing, cut-to-length service and close follow-up.”

22,300 pieces

Outokumpu’s Rebar Finishing team managed the extremely complex delivery, with more than 90 different diameter and length combinations and numbers in excess of 22,300 pieces, able to meet the customer’s request for a very tight length tolerance. In addition, the team managed a tight delivery schedule, achieving one-hundred percent on-time delivery.

Duplex stainless steel reinforcement bar for Buddhist temple in Thailand

Head Office, Outokumpu Pty Ltd 134–136 Fitzgerald Road, North Laverton, 3026 Victoria, Australia Telephone +61 (0)3 9369 3344 Facsimile +61 (0)3 9360 9355 email ausales@outokumpu.com

www.outokumpu.com/australia