Architecture and Acoustic Design in Green Buildings€¦ · Architecture and Acoustic Design in...
Transcript of Architecture and Acoustic Design in Green Buildings€¦ · Architecture and Acoustic Design in...
Architecture and Acoustic
Design in Green Buildings
Kenneth P. Roy, Ph.D., fellow ASA
Sr. Principal Research Scientist
Armstrong World Industries
ABP Technology, R&D
Lancaster, PA USA
Indian GBC
Green Building Congress 2011
New Delhi, India
20 October 2011
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Acoustic Standards DevelopmentCurrent Affiliations
ASA: Acoustical Society of America, elected Fellow 1999member TCAA Technical Committee on Architectural Acoustics
member TCN Technical Committee on Noise
member ASA/ANSI WG 52 Classroom Acoustics
member ASA/ANSI WG 44 Speech Privacy in Healthcare
ASTM: ASTM InternationalChairman Subcommittee E33.06 on International Standards
Member Sub Committee E33.02, E33.03, E33.04, E33.05, E33.07, E33.09
ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineersmember TC2.6 Technical Committee on Sound and Vibration
member TC2.1 Technical Committee on Physiology and Human Environment
AES: Audio Engineering Societymember TC Acoustics and Sound Reinforcement
ANSI: American National Standards InstituteHead of US Technical Advisory Group & delegation to ISO TC43/SC2 on Building Acoustics
ISO: International Organization for StandardizationChairman/Convener TC205/WG6 Building Environment Design – Indoor Acoustic Environment
USGBC: US Green Building CouncilMember, Subject Matter Expert - Acoustics
Publications & Presentations (since 1990)
• over 90 publications in 30 journals, trade magazines and conference proceedings
• over 150 Seminars on Architectural Acoustic Design in 18 countries
• invited lecturer at 15 Universities in 6 countries.
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1. Architecture & Acoustics - GlobalBuilding Use and Acoustic Needs
� Office, Education
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USASpace Design to meet Acoustic Needs
� Closed and Open Spaces
� Classrooms
3. Building IEQ-Acoustics - GlobalPOE Surveys of Occupant Satisfaction
� CBE Survey Results
4. Green Building Rating SystemsGBC and Acoustic Requirements
� USA Green Rating Systems
� India Green Rating System
Outline
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Objective:
Understand why IEQ – “Acoustic Comfort” is important in
buildings, and should be included in codes, standards, and
design guidelines
Observations:
1.Buildings are designed, constructed, and operated
primarily for the purpose of providing healthy and
productive spaces for “People” to work and live.
2.‘Acoustic Comfort’ means providing an acoustic
environment that is conducive to speech intelligibility,
speech privacy, low distractions and annoyance, and
concentration where appropriate.
3.Current approaches to building design and construction
are not meeting the occupants IEQ – Acoustic needs
(CBE).
1. Architecture & Acoustics - Global
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Building Use and Acoustic Needs
Office Buildings
Intelligibility
within
Privacy
between
Sound
Quality
Concentration
Private Office high high medium high
Conference high high medium medium
Open Plan medium medium low high to low
Call Center low low low medium
1. Architecture & Acoustics - Global
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Education Buildings
Intelligibility
within
Privacy
between
Sound
Quality
Concentration
Classroom high low medium high
Lecture Hall high low medium medium
Cafeteria medium low low low
Assembly Rm medium low medium low
Building Use and Acoustic Needs
1. Architecture & Acoustics - Global
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Office
Confidential Privacy
Closed Plan Design
• Management Office
• HR Office
• Legal Office
• Conference Room
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Office
A: Absorb reflected sound w/med NRC ceiling
* .70 to .55 NRC
B: Block direct sound w/partition & ceiling
* min. 35 STC wall & 35 CAC ceiling
* pref. 45 STC wall & 40 CAC ceiling
C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound
* Masking @ 43 dBA
Balanced Design
- High Intelligibility within
- High Privacy between
For walls to ceiling, confidential privacy
ASTM standards C423, E90, E1414, E1573 (measurement standards)
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
Closed Plan Design
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Office
Productivity
Open Plan Design
• Knowledge Worker
• Administrative
• Clerical
• Call Center
• Teaming
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Office
Open Plan Design
ProfessionalAdministrative
Clerical
No PrivacyLow Privacy
Normal Privacy
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Office – Knowledge Worker
- Medium Intelligibility within
- Normal (non Intrusive) Privacy between
For knowledge workers, non-intrusive privacy Balanced Design
A: Absorb reflected sound w/ high AC ceiling
210 AC - 170 AC
B: Block direct sound w/ divider
72 in. - 60 in. high, landscape layout
C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound
Masking @ 48 dBA
ASTM standards E1110, E1111, E1573 (measurement standards)
Open Plan Design
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Office
Call Center DesignProductivity
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Office – Call Center
For call center workers, low distractions
from a distance
- Low Intelligibility/Privacy, within/adjacent
- Reduced distant distractions
A: Absorb distant sound w/ high NRC ceiling
0.95 NRC - 0.60 NRC
B: Not Blocking direct sound w/ low divider,
but use 0.70 NRC landscape furniture
C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound
Masking @ 48 – 46 dBA
Balanced Design
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
Call Center Design
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Education - Classroom
For Speech to be Intelligible we must:
1.Design for Sound Clarity w/ Architecture and Acoustics
2.Protect Sound Clarity w/ Mechanical System Design
Hearing speech is not sufficient …. It must be understood!
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Sound Clarity Factors:
1. Direct sound has clarity
2. Want ‘early’ reflections
3. Don’t want ‘late’ reflections
4. Don’t want echoes
Architecture & Acoustics:
1. Size of room
2. Shape of room
3. Surface treatment
Controlling Sound Reflections:
1. Acoustical ceiling tile
2. Sound absorbing wall elements
3. Sound absorbing ‘space’
elements
4. Carpet
Sound Clarity – RT
ANSI S12.60 Pt 1, RT = 0.6 sec. (design standard)
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
Education - Classroom
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Education
Protecting Clarity w/ low Background Noise
Controlling Noise:
1. Environmental – Walls, exterior and
interior
2. Heating/Ventilation – Mechanical Design
3. Room noise (activity) – Sound Absorption
ANSI S12.60 Pt 1, BGN = 35 dBA max. (design standard)
2. Design Practice for Acoustics - USA
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Australia (N=3891)
USA (N=53635)
- Occupant Satisfaction 2011
POE all USA and Australia Bldgs
3. Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global
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LEED USA (N=9492)
USA (N=53635)
- Occupant Satisfaction 2011
POE all USA and all LEED USA Bldgs
3. Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global
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- Occupant Satisfaction 2011
POE all LEED USA Buildings
Silver LEED USA
(N=973)
Platinum LEED USA
(N=1232)
3. Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global
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GBC and Acoustic Requirements
4. Green Building Rating Systems
Rating Systems
LEED – NC
LEED for
New
Construction
LEED – EB
LEED for
Existing
Buildings
LEED – CI
LEED for
Commercial
Interiors
LEED – CS
LEED for
Core & Shell
LEED – H
LEED for
Homes
LEED – NC
LEED for
Multiple Blgs.
& On-Campus
Projects
LEED – S
LEED for
Schools
LEED – R
LEED for
Retail
LEED – ND
LEED for
Neighborhood
Development
LEED – Market Sector Rating Systems
LEED - NC
LEED for
Healthcare
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GBC and Acoustic Requirements
4. Green Building Rating Systems
Materials and IEQ - Acoustical LEED Credit Areas
Sustainable
Sites
18%
Water
Efficiency
6%
Energy &
Atmosphere
28%
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
28%
Materials &
Resources
20%
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Global: IEQ – Acoustics, Schools
Total
Points
Acoustic
Points
Acoustic
Value
ANSI/GBI 1000 22 2.2%
LEED2009 100 1 1.0%
CHPS 85 3 3.5%
BREEAM 85 3* 2.5%
CASBEE 20 5* 8.3%
Green Star 146 2 1.4%
Table. Acoustic credits as a percent of the overall credits
available for sustainable design.
4. Green Building Rating Systems
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GBC and Acoustic Requirements
4. Green Building Rating Systems
• Recycled content
• Product is recyclable
• Low VOC emissions
• Made from renewable feedstock
• Design for safety
• Design for disassembly
• Increases energy efficiency
• Positive carbon footprint
Acoustical products:
Materials & Resources
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4. Green Building Rating Systems
OFFICE: Innovation Credits - Acoustics
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4. Green Building Rating Systems
OFFICE: Innovation Credits - Acoustics
Open Plan Offices
>
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4. Green Building Rating Systems
LEED 2011 For India