Architecture

Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000

BCE

Stone Age

Paleolithic

Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France c.15,000 BCE

Note : The following demonstrates how established dates are designated today vs. how they have been shown in the past :

Before Now BC = Before Christ BCE = Before Common Era AD = Anno Domini (year of our lord) CE = Common Era

Round Tower [of Jericho]Tel-el-Sultan c.7000 BCE (Neolithic)

Brick & Stone

Ancient Architecture

Ziggurat at Ur (Third Dynasty) Sumerian c. 2100 BCE

Sun-dried Brick

Sumerian Architecture

Great Pyramids At Giza(Cheops, Chefren, Mycerinus)

(EOK) c. 2570-2500 BCE

Egyptian

Old Kingdom (EOK) Architecture

Stone Quarry for Pyramids

Pyramid entrance tunnel

Egyptian

Old Kingdom (EOK) Archtiecture

Cross section of Pyramid tunnels and chambers

Mayan Architecture

Mayan Temple of the Giant Jaguar (Temple I)

Tikal, El Péten, Guatemala c. 700 CE

El CastilloChichén Itza, Mexico 9th-10th Century CE

Stone

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Architect Imhotep

Dier - El - Bahri, Thebes (ENK),

Beginning of the XVIIIth Dynasty c.1480 BCE

Egyptian

New Kingdom (ENK) Architecture

Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE

Neolithic Architecture

Type of construction?

Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE

Neolithic Architecture

Type of construction? Post and Lintel construction

Palace at Knossos courtyard Crete, Minoan c.1600 BC

Palace Floor Plan

Minoan Architecture

Queen’s Bedroom in the Palace at Knossos Late Minoan c.1500 BC

Minoan Art and Architecture

The Queen’s parlourPalace at Knossos, Crete

Minoan Art and Architecture

Root 5 Rectangle

(based on the Golden Mean

Length = √ 5 x height )

A B C

Proportion

Classical Greek design principle

The Golden Mean

The Golden Rectangle

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece

Iktinos and KalliKrates (Architects)

448 - 432 BCE

GreeceClassical Art

Floor Plan

Sculptural model of the

Goddess Athena of the Parthenon

Doric Ionic Corinthian (origin : Greek mainland) (origin : Asia Minor) (origin : Corinth,Greece )

Greece Classical Architectural Column Designs

Roman Aqueduct

Pont Du Gard, Nimes, FranceBrick and Stone c. 14 CE

900’ in length x 160’ in height

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Collosseum

Rome

Concrete c. 80 CE

All three orders of Greek Architecture are used here.

Third level : CorinthianSecond Level : IonicFirst Level : Doric

PantheonRome

Early Empire 117-125 CEBrick and concrete

15-18 similar

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Under the Portico of the

Pantheon Rome

117-125 CE

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Early Roman Empire Architecture

The PantheonRome

Early Empire 117-125 CEConcrete coffered ceiling w/ oculus

15-19

Construction Designs

Romanesque Architecture

• Cathedrals

St. Sernin Cathedral Toulouse, France 1080-1210 CE

St. Etienne Cathedral interiorVignory, France 1050-1057 CE

15-27

Floor Plan

Gothic Architecture

Notre Dame Cathedral (Apse) Paris, France

Detail 1163 - 1250 CE

Notre Dame Floor Plan

Apse

Flying Buttresses

Notre Dame Facade

Gothic Architecture

• Cathedrals

Ribbed Vaulted Ceiling(Example)

Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France Begun 1220 CE

Islamic Architeture

Great Mosque (interior) Cordoba, Spain 784 - 988 CE

Great Mosque dome

Mosque : from the Arab word masjad meaning ‘a place of kneeling’

Buddhist Architecture

Buddhist StupaSanchi, India

The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550

Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560

The Renaissance in Italy

The High Renaissance House

Pilladio

Louis SullivanCarson Pirie Scott Building

Chicago, IL 1890 - 1904Steel Structure

Late 19th & early 20th Century Architecture

Art Nouveau Decorative Details

in wrought-iron above entrance and elsewhere

The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550

Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560

The Renaissance in Italy

The High Renaissance House

Pilladio

Katsura PalaceKyoto, Japan c. 1615 - 1663

Traditional Japanese Architecture

Late19th & early 20th Century Architecture

17 - 14

Frank Lloyd Wright 1867 - 1959

The Robie HouseChicago, IL 1907 - 09

Falling WaterBear Run. PA 1936 - 39

Casa MilaBarcelona, Spain 1906 - 1910

Antonio Gaudi 1852 - 1926

Art Nouveau Architecture

Antonio GaudiPark Guell

Barcelona, Spain

Art Nouveau Architecture

Antonio GaudiCasa Battlo

Barcelona, Spain 1904 - 1906

Architecture

Ludwig Mies van der RoheSeagram Building

NYC 1954-58

Modern Architecture - International Style

Buckminster FullerGeodesic Dome Structure

c 1950

The Building Truss

20th Century Architecture Prefab design and structure

Geodesic BiosphereMontreal World’s Fair of 1967

Buckminster Fuller

Architecture

Buckminster Fuller Stamp

Geodesic Urban Dome of the future

Geodesic Sphere Epcot Center Orlando, FL

21st Century Architecture

Murphy & Mackey, architects

Climatron Missouri Botanical Garden

Geodesic structure + Dale Chihuly blown glass sculpture

Notre Dame du HautRonchamp, France 1955

20th Century Architecture

Le Corbusier

Villa SavoiePoissy, France 1929

20th Century Architecture

Joern Utzon Opera House

Sydney, Australia 1959-72

Frei OttoOlympic Village Tent Structures

Munich, Germany 1972

20th Century Architecture Suspension and Tensile Construction

Walt Disney Concert HallLos Angelos, CA 2003

Contemporary Architecture

Frank Gehry

Corcoran Gallery proposal (model)

Washington, DCModel made of Gatorboard, basswood, silver paper, Plexiglas, and acetate

30” x 41” x 72”

Contemporary Architecture

Frank Gehry

Guggenheim MuseumBilbao, Spain 1997

End of Chapter 2