Architectural Thesis of Edred Castro LEED AP

7/23/2019 Architectural Thesis of Edred Castro LEED AP

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0&0&0XZCOAM\ \B\KA

‛G`zn Za}cz|„

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kcm`k xacxka&

0&0&:LA]MZBX\BCF CG \DA XZCOAM\

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0&0&=XZCXCFAF\

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`fl <= ebkcna|az} }cq|d cg Jìqbc Mb|r&1

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n`fr lbzam|bcf}&7

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0&:&0 \DA FAAL

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gccl dcq}a} nèa} ]b}cf `f cggbmb`k ‛za}| `za`„ gcz ya`zr |z`wakaz}

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amc.|cqzb}n xzcoam|} }qmd `} |db}&

0&:&:]XAMBGBM CJOAM\BWA]

\da Mkbaf| b} ` lawcq| M`|dckbm `fl wazr `m|bwa bf daz mdqzmd&

]da b} `k}c lb}xka`}al yb|d |da izcybfi fqnjaz cg j`z} `kcfi |da

F`|bcf`k Dbidy`r bf ]b}cf+ `fl |da zaxq|`|bcf |d`| |dar jzbfi |c |da

nqfbmbx`kb|r& Gcz |db} za`}cf+ }da afwb}bcf} ` Mdzb}|b`f maf|azal c`}b}

gcz zak`t`|bcf `fl ydcka}cna g`nbkr gqf ydaza wb}b|cz} mcqkl cj}azwa

`fl `xxzamb`|a |da }bnxkbmb|r cg kbga cf ` g`zn&

N@OCZ IC@K]

\c la}bif ` g`zn za}cz| gcz |da atb}|bfi }b|a yb|d iccl wb}q k

xzcgbka}+ `a}|da|bm `xxa`k `fl anxd`}b} cf gqfm|bcf`k+ fcf.la}|zqm|bwa

q}a cg `kk }b|a ga`|qza}+ bfmkqlbfi n`tbnqn q}a cg f`|qz`k kbid|bfi `fl

waf|bk`|bcf& \c xk`f yczebfi+ kbwbfi `fl zamza`|bcf`k `za`} |c mcfgczn |c

}x`ma `fl xzbczb|r faal}& Lawakcx xzciza}}bwa za`kb`|bcf cg `kk

g`mbkb|ba}+ }c |d`| fc| `kk `za wb}bjka gzcn cfa w`f|`ia xcbf|&

CJOAM\BWA]

0& Xzcwbla }|bnqk`|bfi+ m`}q`k `|nc}xdaza gcz g`nbkr `fl

iqa}|}

:& Kcm |a xzbw`|a `fl xqjkbm `za`} bf ` }apqafma |c `wcbl q}az

mcfgkbm|}

=& Xc}b|bcf jqbklbfi} `fl g`mbkb|ba} gcz nbfbnqn afwbzcfnaf|`k

bnx`m|&

1



<& Zak |a bf|azbcz kbwbfi `za`} |c at|azbcz }x`ma gqfm|bcf`kkr&

1& Xk`f mbzmqk`|bcf x`||azf} gcz jc|d wadbmqk`z `fl xala}|zb`f

|z`ggbm&

7& Xzcwbla mcqz|r`zl gcz }a`}cf`k q}a&

9& Xk`f gcz jc|d bf|azbcz `fl at|azbcz lbfbfi g mbkb|ba}&

4& Q}a f`|qz`k mcf|anxcz`zr kbfa} `fl n`|azb`k} mcf}b}|af|

yb|d }b|a&

0&:&=]BIFBGBM@FMA CG \DA XZCOAM\

\da xzcoam| b} }bifbgbm`f| |c }cmba|r+ jam`q}a b| b} yakk efcyf |d`|

|da rcqfi `za nbiz`|bfi `y`r bf lzcwa} gzcn zqz`k }a||kanaf|}& \dar

ka`wa jadbfl |da ckl ydc d`wa fc mdcbma atmax| |c g`zn& \dar `k}c }`r

iccljra |c |da mdbklzaf ydc d`wa fc m`x`jbkb|r gcz `f bflaxaflaf|

mdcbma& Nclazfb`|bcf d`} mza`|al ` }cmb`k ‛jk me dcka+„ nbflka}}kr

la}|zcrbfi `fr|dbfi |d`| }n`me} cg zqz`k mqk|qza& \c ja }q}| bf`jka+

ìzbmqk|qza d`} |c ja mqk|qz`kkr }af}b|bwa `fl anxcyazbfi `fl }dcqkl

fqz|qza |da mqk|qz`k zaf`b}}`fma cg |da mcqf|zr}bla&4 \da bf|zclqm|bcf

cg ` g`zn za}cz| b} cfa }ckq|bcf |c nèbfi ìzbmqk|qza ‛mqk|qz`kkr

}af}b|bwa `fl anxcyazbfi„ bf |da kcy }cmb`k kawak cg j`z`fi`r @}`f

]qz+ ]b}cf+ X`fi`}bf`f&

\da xzcoam| b} }bifbgbm`f| |c |da mkbaf|+ jam`q}a }da yb}da} |c

mza`|a ` kai`mr |d`| ybkk jafagb| |da nqfbmbx`kb|r `fl daz mdbklzaf& ]da

}aa} |d`| |da xzcoam| b} ` iccl y`r |c nèa ncfar+ jq| |da ja`q|r `fl

}azafb|r cg |da xzcoam| bf|aza}| daz ncza&

7



\da xzcoam| b} }bifbgbm`f| |c |da za}a`zmdaz+ jam`q}a da ybkk ka`zf

|c la`k yb|d `m|q`k xzcjkan}+ ydbmd n`r ja afmcqf|azal bf |da xzcma}}

cg xzciz`nnbfi+ la}bifbfi+ lawakcxbfi `fl xc}}bjkr bnxkanaf|bfi |da

xzcoam|& \da xzcga}}bcf`k izcy|d `fl n`|qzb|r |d`| |da za}a`zmdaz ybkk

i`bf gzcn |da mcfmax|q`kb`|bcf |c |da lagaf}a cg |db} md`kkafibfi `fl

ycz|dydbka xzcoam| b} bnnaf}a& \da za}a`zmdaz d`} |da `llal

bfmaf|bwa |d`| |da efcykalia i`bfal `fl xc}}bjka bnxkanaf|`|bcf cg

|da xzcoam| n`r cfa l`r jafagb| db} |cyf n`|a} bf @}`f ]qz+ ]b}cf+

X`fi`}bf`f&

0&=&0DB]\CZBM@K J@MEIZCQFL CF \DA JQBKLBFI \RXA

@ g`zn b} |da j`}bm qfb| bf ìzbmqk|qza& B| b} ` }am|bcf cg k`fl

lawc|al |c |da xzclqm|bcf `fl n`fìanaf| cg gccl+ ab|daz xzclqma cz

kbwa}|cme& \da k`fl `fl jqbklbfi} cg ` g`zn `za m`kkal |da g`zn}|a`l&

Bf |da QE+ g`zn `} `f ìzbmqk|qz`k qfb|+ `ky`r} lafc|a} |da `za` cg

x`}|qza `fl c|daz gbakl} |cia|daz yb|d b|} g`zndcq}a `fl g`znra`zl+

j`zf}+ mcy}dal}+ }|`jka}+ a|m&

B| n`r ja `f af|azxzb}a cyfal `fl cxaz`|al jr ` }bfika bflbwblq`k+

g`nbkr+ cz mcnnqfb|r+ cz b| n`r ja cyfal jr ` mczxcz`|bcf cz

mcnx`fr& @ g`zn m`f ja ` dcklbfi cg `fr }ba gzcn ` gz`m|bcf cg `

dam|`za |c }awaz`k |dcq}`fl dam|`za}& Bf Afik`fl |daza b} ` wìqa xcbf|

ydaf ` k`zia g`zn ma`}a} |c ja zagazzal |c `} ` g`zn `fl jamcna} `f

9



a}|`|a5 `k|dcqid |db} |azn m`f zagaz |c ` mckkam|bcf cg g`zn} bf |da }`na

cyfaz}dbx&

\da yczl d`} b|} zcc|} bf |da @fikc.]`tcf yczl gaczn+ ydbmd

zak`|a} |c xzcwb}bcfbfi `fl gccl }qxxkr+ `fl y`} czbibf`kkr bflbm`|bwa cg

` gczn cg |`t`|bcf+ ydazajr iccl} cz ncfa|`zr apqbw`kaf|} yaza kb`jka

|c |da ebfi& Cwaz |bna+ |db} |`t`|bcf y`} |z`f}k`|al bf|c ` gczn cg zaf|`k

|`t&

Af|azxzb}a} ydaza kbwa}|cme `za z`b}al cf z`fiak`fl `za m`kkal

z`fmda}& Ydaza kbwa}|cme `za z`b}al bf mcfgbfanaf| cf gaal xzclqmal

ak}aydaza+ |da |azn gaalkc| b} q}q`kkr q}al& @ |zqme g`zn b} ` g`zn |d`|

z`b}a} waia|`jka}+ jq| kb||ka cz fc iz`bf& \zqme b} `f `zmd`bm yczl gcz

waia|`jka}& Czmd`zl b} q}al gcz af|azxzb}a} xzclqmbfi |zaa gzqb|} cz

fq|}+ `fl wbfar`zl b} q}al gcz af|azxzb}a} xzclqmbfi z`b}bf}+ ybfa cz

|`jka iz`xa}& \da }|`jka b} q}al gcz cxaz`|bcf} xzbfmbx`kkr bfwckwal bf

|da xzclqm|bcf cg dcz}a} `fl c|daz `fbn`k} `fl kbwa}|cme&

@ g`zn |d`| b} xzbn`zbkr q}al gcz |da xzclqm|bcf cg nbke `fl l`bzr

b} ` l`bzr g`zn&

\da lawakcxnaf| cg g`znbfi `fl g`zn} y`} `f bnxcz|`f|

mcnxcfaf| bf a}|`jkb}dbfi |cyf}& Cfma ` xacxka ncwa gzcn dqf|bfi

`fl mckkam|bfi `fl gzcn }bnxka dcz|bmqk|qza |c `m|bwa g`znbfi+ }cmb`k

`zz`fianaf|} cg zc`l}+ lb}|zbjq|bcf+ mckkam|bcf+ `fl n`zea|bfi m`f

awckwa& Yb|d |da atmax|bcf cg xk`f|`|bcf} `fl mckcfb`k g`zn}+ g`zn }ba}

|afl |c ja }n`kk bf faykr }a||kal k`fl} `fl |c at|afl `} |z`f}xcz|`|bcf

4



`fl n`zea|} jamcna }cxdb}|bm`|al& G`znbfi zbid|} d`wa jaaf maf|z`k

|c ` fqnjaz cg zawckq|bcf}+ y`z} cg kbjaz`|bcf+ `fl xc}|.mckcfb k

amcfcnbm}&2

0&=&:JZBAG LA]MZBX\BCF ' DB]\CZR CG \DA XZCOAM\

\da xqzxc}a `fl gqfm|bcf cg |da xzcoam| b} |c jcc}| |cqzb}n+

bfmcna `fl xazd`x} mza`|a ` x`z`lbin |d`| c|daz zqz`k k`fl cyfaz}

n`r gckkcy&

\da mcfmax| cg |da xzcoam| m`na `jcq|+ jam`q}a |da :&1 dam|`za}

cg |da xzcoam| }b|a b} `m|q`kkr cyfal jr |da za}a`zmdaz‒} n`|azf`k

iz`flnc|daz& \da za}a`zmdaz‒} g`|daz+ ydc d`} yczeal `jzc`l gcz

n`fr ra`z}+ b} xza}af|kr n`fìbfi |da mqzzaf| naìaz lawakcxnaf|}

qxcf |da k`fl& @} |da }cf cg ` xccz |af`f| g`znaz+ da `mpqbzal ` kcwa

gcz |da k`fl `| ` rcqfi ìa+ `fl gbfl} iza`| ocr bf g`znbfi& \daza `za

yakk.efcyf xzamalaf|} gcz xzcnc|bfi f`|qz`k }x`ma} |c `kkawb`|a }|za}}+

a}xamb`kkr bf mb|ba}& \dar `za q}q`kkr bf |da xqjkbm gczn cg jc|`fbm`k

i`zlaf} `fl x`ze}+ daza `fl `jzc`l& Jqzfd`n X`ze $Jìqbc Mb|r" `fl

Maf|z`k X`ze $Fay Rcze Mb|r" `za |yc at`nxka}& \da za}a`zmdaz }|`z|al

za}a`zmdbfi cf g`znbfi `fl m`na qxcf bfgczn`|bcf cf ‛dcjjr g`zn}„+

ydbmd b} ` }n`kk+ n`fìa`jka g`zn.|rxa ydbmd b} wazr xcxqk`z bf

@q}|z kb`& \dzcqid bf|azfa| bfpqbzr+ |da za}a`zmdaz gcqfl |d`| n`fr

xacxka }d`zal |db} ‛kcwa cg |da k`fl„ `fl yaza }d`zbfi |d`| bf|bn`mr jr

mza |bfi g`zn za}cz|}& \da za}a`zmdaz `k}c gcqfl }qxxcz|bfi

bfgczn`|bcf cf ‛amc.|cqzb}n„ `fl ‛ìzc.|cqzb}n„+ ydbmd mcnxkanaf|}

2



|da bfgczn`|bcf cf g`zn za}cz|}& Gqz|dazncza+ b| y`} lqzbfi ` Xk`ffbfi

= mk`}} |d`| |da za}a`zmdaz y`} bf|zclqmal |c |da bla`} cg |da qzj`f

wb}bcf`zr+ Lctb lb}& Da }|`|a} |d`| ‛dqn`f }a||kanaf|} bf zak`|bcf |c

qzj`f `za`} n`r fc kcfiaz ja }`|b}g`m|czr gcz |dabz bfd`jb|`f|}&„ 08 ]c+

bg |da qzj`f `za`} n`r fc kcfiaz ja afcqid+ |daza b} fcydaza ak}a |c

ic atmax| |c |da zqz`k `za`}& @fl+ |d`| b} dcy |da bla` gcz |da xzcxc}al

g`zn za}cz| y`} jczf& \da mkbaf|+ Anbkb`f` ]& Wak`}mc+ y`} `xxzc`mdal

jr |da za}a`zmdaz yb|d |da bla` |c lawakcx daz :1+888 }p& na|az} bf|c `

g`zn za}cz|+ `fl b| y`} af|dq}b`}|bm`kkr `xxzcwal&

0&=&:XZAKBNBF@ZR MCFMAX\ CG \DA XZCOAM\

Bf czlaz |c a}|`jkb}d ` xzakbnbf`zr mcfmax|+ Lz& Anbkb`f` ]&

Wak`}mc+ y`} bf|azwbayal `fl `}eal `jcq| daz `fma}|zr& B| y`} fc|al

|d`| }da y`} cg jc|d Mdbfa}a `fl Gbkbxbfc dazb|`ia& Yb|d |db}

bfgczn`|bcf b| y`} lamblal |c q}a mcnjbf`|bcf} cg |da mbzmka `fl }pq`za

|dzcqidcq| |da la}bif& Bf gafi.}qb+ |da Mdbfa}a `z| cg iacn`fmr+ |da

mbzmka `kcfa }rnjckb}a} da`wafkr jka}}bfi& \da }pq`za `kcfa b} iccl

jam`q}a b| }rnjckb}a} xc}|azb|r& Ydaf |da}a }rnjck} `za mcnjbfal

|dar zaxza}af| ‛da`waf `fl a`z|d„&08 \db} b} at`m|kr |da ebfl cg bn`ia

|d`| }dcqkl ja xcz|z`ral bf ` Mdzb}|b`f.maf|azal za}cz|& B| }dcqkl ja `

da`waf cf a`z|d& \da lq`kb}|bm `xxzc`md |c |da la}bif ybkk ‛n`zzr„

08



Gbkbxbfc |c Mdbfa}a+ f`|qza |c |amdfckcir+ da`waf |c a`z|d+ Mdzb}|b`fb|r

|c Gafi.}qb+ `fl |da mbzmka |c }pq`za& \db} b} |da xzakbnbf`zr mcfmax|&

0&<&0]MCXA CG YCZE

\da xzcxc}al xzcoam| mcwaz} `zmdb|am|qz`k xk`ffbfi+ la}bifbfi+

`fl xzciz`nnbfi& Bf b|} `zmdb|am|qz`k xzciz`nnbfi+ |da la}bif cg |da

G`zn Za}cz| ybkk ja kbnb|al |c |da faal} `fl yczebfi `za`} cg |da

xza}af| `fl atxam|al gq|qza `ffq`k bfmza`}a bf |da fqnjaz cg wb}b|cz}

`fl anxkcraa}& B| ybkk `k}c af|`bk |da xk`ffbfi cg ` }ay`ia |za`|naf|

xk`f| |d`| ybkk d`flka y`}|a} mcnbfi gzcn |da n`bf za}cz| jqbklbfi+

cyfaz‒} za}blafma `fl kbwa}|cme xaf}& \da xzcxc}al xzcoam| }d`kk cfkr

la`k yb|d?

\da ‛G zn Za}cz|„ |d`| }dcqkl m`|az |c |da bnnalb`|a faal} cg |da

g`znaz}+ |cqzb}|}+ `fl |cyf xacxka yb|dbf |da wbmbfb|r kcm`|al `|

@}`f ]qz+ ]b}cf+ X`fi`}bf`f& \da }b|a lawakcxnaf| `fl

bnxkanaf|`|bcf cg |da g`mbkb|ba} ybkk |`ea bf|c `mmcqf| mbzmqk`|bcf `fl

xzcxaz cfbfi cg `za`}& Xk`ffbfi `fl la}bifbfi cg `kk |da g`mbkb|ba} |c

ja lawakcxal yb|dbf |da xazbna|az cg |da xzcxc}al xzcoam|+ `fl ybkk

bfmkqla?

• N`bf Za}blafma

• Mcfgazafma D`kk

• Cggbma @za`

• Izcmazr

• @izbmqk|qz`k jqbklbfi

00



• Za}|zccn} $N#G"

• Iqa}| zccn}

• ]xcz|} g`mbkb|ba} # ]ybnnbfi xcck

• Q|bkb|r `fl ]azwbma @za`}

• X`zebfi

• Y`key`r} # Lzbway`r}

• K`fl}m`xbfi

•

Gq|qza atx`f}bcf bf |da gczn cg mc||ìa}

• ]ayìa |za`|naf| xk`f|

\da F`|bcf`k Jqbklbfi Mcla cg |da Xdbkbxxbfa} `fl c|daz F`|bcf k

Mcla} ybkk }azwa `} |da mzb|azbcf cg xk`ffbfi |da Xzcxc}al G zn Za}cz|&

0&<&:LAKBNB\@\BCF] CG \DA XZCOAM\

Iz`xdbm`k xza}af|`|bcf} bfmkqla |da }mdana}+ xzakbnbf`zr `fl

gbf`k `zmdb|am|qz`k lz`ybfi} cg |da xzcxc}al G`zn Za}cz|+ ydbmd bfmkqla

|da cyfaz‒} dcq}a+ ìzbmqk|qz`k jqbklbfi+ zamza`|bcf`k jqbklbfi yb|d gccl

`fl jawazìa mcqf|az& C|daz `za`} }qmd `} k`fl}m`xa lawakcxnaf|}+

ìzbmqk|qz`k gbakl}+ }xcz|} g`mbkb|ba}+ kbwa}|cme }dak|az}+ x`zebfi `za`}+

`fl lzbway`r} }d`kk ja bfmkqlal `fl zagkam|al bf |da N`}|az Xk`f&

La}bif gczn ybkk gckkcy gqfm|bcf&

0:



0&<&=NA\DCL] CG ZA]A@ZMD

\da xzcxc}al xzcoam| zapqbza} ` }r}|an`|bm i`|dazbfi cg l`|` `fl

aggam|bwa mcczlbf`|bcf yb|d |da xzcoam| xzcxcfaf| `fl |da Nqfbmbx`k

Icwazfnaf| cg ]b}cf |c atamq|a `f aggam|bwa `zmdb|am|qz`k }ckq|bcf&

Bf|azwbay} cg Lz& Anbkb`f` ]& Wak`}mc+ d`wa zawa`kal nqmd bf gcznbfi

|da xzakbnbf`zr mcfmax| cg |da xzcxc}al G zn Za}cz|& Bf|azfa|

za}a`zmdbfi d`} zawa`kal nqmd bfgczn`|bcf xaz|bfaf| |c g`zn za}cz|}

`fl |dabz ear} |c }qmma}}& Cx|bm`k bf}xam|bcf `fl icwazfnaf|

lcmqnaf|} cg |da `m|q`k }b|a d`} ibwaf nqmd bfgczn`|bcf |c }azwa `}

gqz|daz iqbl`fma gcz |da la}bif cg |da xzcxc}al G zn Za}cz|&

@ }qzwar y`} `k}c mcflqm|al `ncfi mb|baf} cg ]b}cf+

X`fi`}bf`f+ Jìqbc `fl gczabif }|qlaf|} cg ]KQ |c ia| |dabz bfxq|

`jcq| |dabz `||b|qla} `fl atxam|`|bcf} cg za}cz| mcnxkata}& \db}

bfgczn`|bcf b} `k}c bnxcz|`f| |c nèa ga`|qza} `fl `nafb|ba} cg |da

za}cz| ncza bf |qfa yb|d |da |`zia| n`zea|& Za}qk|} cg }qzwar}

mcflqm|al jr |da Lax`z|naf| cg \cqzb}n yaza `k}c bfmkqlal |c nèa `

ncza `mmqz`|a `f`kr}b}&

0&1 LAGBFB\BCF CG \AZN]

G`zn . |da j`}bm qfb| bf ìzbmqk|qza& B| b} ` }am|bcf cg k`fl lawc|al |c

|da xzclqm|bcf `fl n`fìanaf| cg gccl+ ab|daz xzclqma cz kbwa}|cme&



0=







kcm`k xacxka&

@izb.\cqzb}n#G`zn ]b|a . b} ` yczebfi g`zn xzclqmbfi `fl#cz

}dcym`}bfi z`y `fl#cz xzcma}}al xzclqm|}&

L`r G`zn . `za g`zn} bla`k gcz l`r |cqz}#wb}b|} q}q`kkr kcm`|al fa`z

f`|bcf`k dbidy`r} `fl n`bf jq}bfa}} `za`&

G`zn Za}cz| . `za g`zn} |d`| cggaz `mmcnncl`|bcf `fl lbfbfi



kbga atxazbafma&

G`zn \cqz . zagaz} |c |da `m|bwb|r cg wb}b|bfi `f `izb.|cqzb}n#g`zn }b|a

cf ` l`r |cqz+ cwazfbid| }|`r cz kcfiaz xazbcl cg |bna gcz |da xqzxc}a

cg x`z|bmbx`|bfi bf cz afocrbfi g`zn `m|bwb|ba} `fl c|daz `||z`m|bcf}

cggazal&

G`zn Xzclqm|#} . zagaz} |c gza}d `fl xzcma}}al xzclqm|} cg |da g`zn&

LC\ . |da Lax`z|naf| cg \cqzb}n&

@mmzalb|`|bcf . ` maz|bgbm |bcf b}}qal jr |da Lax`z|naf| |d | |da

dcklaz b} zamcifbal jr |da Lax`z|naf| `} d`wbfi mcnxkbal yb|d b|}

nbfbnqn }|`fl`zl} bf |da cxaz`|bcf cg |da a}|`jkb}dnaf| mcfmazfal

0<



ydbmd }d`kk af}qza |da }`ga|r+ mcngcz| `fl mcfwafbafma cg |da

|cqzb}|}&0:

FC\A]

0

Lax`z|naf| cg \cqzb}n+ Zqka} `fl Zaiqk`|bcf}

: \da Cggbmb`k ]b}cf yaj }b|a H d||x?##akiq:&fmm&icw&xd#}b}cf

= bjbl

< bjbl

1 bjbl

7 bjbl

9 \@T LAMK@Z@\BCF - 882.888:8

4 Fbm`fcz Xazk`}+ ]awaf Lbnaf}bcf} cg ]q}|`bf`jka @izbmqk|qza

2 Ybebxalb` ? lagbfb|bcf cg g`zn

08 Lz& Awakrf Kbx+ Gafi ]dqb gcz Jq}bfa}}+ x&<1

00 Lax`z|naf| cg \cqzb}n+ Zqka} `fl Zaiqk`|bcf}&+ md`x|az 0

0: bjbl

01



:&0 ZAWBAY CG ZAK@\AL KB\AZ@\QZA

:&0&0Iafaz`k Bfgczn`|bcf # B}}qa} cf Jqbklbfi \rxa

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:&0&:&0 Gczabif At`nxka

Cwazjqzr G zn Za}cz|+ `mmcnncl`|bcf} b} cf ja`q|bgqk \da|b}

B}k`fl+ }cq|dazf Iqkg B}k`fl}+ Jzb|b}d Mckqnjb`$ JM "+ M`f`l`& Mdcc}a

gzcn cqz ybla w`zba|r cg }akg m`|azbfi `fl zaf|`k `mmcnncl`|bcf gcz

rcqz g`nbkr w`m`|bcf& Bf `llb|bcf |c cqz m`jbf zaf|`k `fl kclibfi ya

dc}| `fl m`|az yallbfi} `fl makajz`|bcf} `fl cggaz g`mbkb|ba} gcz

za|za`|}+ zaqfbcf} `fl mcfgazafma}& @} ` iqa}| `| cqz za}cz| rcq ybkk

afocr cqz atmkq}bwa+ |z`fpqbk 0< `mza y`|azgzcf| }a||bfi+ i`zlaf} `fl

g`zn `} yakk `} cqz gbfa `mmcnncl`|bcf}& @kk bf cqz xazgam| }amkqlal

ra| mcfwafbaf| kcm`|bcf bf |da ]cq|dazf Iqkg B}k`fl}+ Jzb|b}d Mckqnjb`

$JM"+ M`f`l`&

07



Ja`q|bgqk \da|b} B}k`fl+ fa}|kal bf |da }cq|dazf Iqkg B}k`fl}

\da|b} xzcwbla} |da xazgam| }a||bfi gcz rcqz w`m`|bcf& Mcnjbfbfi zqz`k

}amkq}bcf yb|d mcfwafbafma |c |da nòcz |cqzb}n maf|az} cg |da X`mbgbm

Fcz|dya}| \da|b} kba} fa}|kal `ncfi}| |da blrkkbm Iqkg B}k`fl} cg Jzb|b}d

Mckqnjb` $ jm "+ M`f`l`&

Cwazjqzr G`zn Za}cz| b} ` pqba|+ qf}xcbkal cma`fgzcf| xzcxaz|r cg 0<

`mza} yb|d |dzaa }dak|azal ja`mda}& B| d`} jaaf+ }bfma 0208+ |da dcna

cg |da Gczja} g`nbkr ydc g`znal daza qf|bk |da 02=8)}+ ydaf |da g`zn

g`bkal bf |da Laxza}}bcf+ Zqxaz| Gczja} |qzfal db} d`fl |c jqbklbfi

}qnnaz mc||ìa} gcz w`m`|bcf zaf|`k gzcn |da kqnjaz }`kwìal gzcn

|da g`zn jqbklbfi}& \da gcqz m`jbf} da mcf}|zqm|al }|bkk }|`fl `fl d`wa

}azwal qx |c |dzaa iafaz`|bcf} cg iqa}|}& Zqxaz|)} iz`fl}cf Fczn `fl

db} ybga @zkafa |cce cwaz bf 0228 `fl d`wa mcf|bfqal |c qxiz`la |da

db}|czbm za}cz|& \dar d`wa `k}c }|`z|al ` wbfar`zl+ `fl `za lawakcxbfi `

g`zn.i`|a ybfazr& \daza fcy atb}| 08 dcq}aeaaxbfi m`jbf} `fl kclibfi

qfb|} bf `kk& \da g`zn `k}c bfmkqla} `f czi`fbm waia|`jka i`zlaf `fl

ja`q|bgqk gkcyaz i`zlaf}&

09



\da Cwazjqzr G zn Za}cz| n`bf kclia

\da Mza}maf| Xcbf| Mc||ìa}

\da Mza}maf| Xcbf| Mc||ìa} yaza jqbk| bf 024= yb|d `kk |da

mcfwafbafma} cg dcna `fl `za xazgam|kr }qb|al |c jc|d }qnnaz `fl

ybf|az cmmqx`|bcf& \dar `za kcm`|al bf ` }amkqlal na`lcy yb|d |dabz

cyf ja`md `mma}}& \da}a ja`q|bgqk mal`z y`|azgzcf| mc||ìa} `za

`zz`fial }c a`md afocr} ` xzbw`|a }cq|dya}|azf wbay cg |da cma`f&

\daza `za gcqz mc||ìa}+ f`nal `g|az Zqxaz| Gczja}) gbz}| gcqz

iz`fll`qid|az}+ ]d`ffcf+ Ebz}|af+ ]`z`d `fl ]`n`f|d`&

04



G`mbkb|ba}

\da mc||`ia} `za k`bl cq| yb|d }bnbk`z gkccz xk`f} `fl bfmkqla?

• Kbwbfi zccn yb|d pqaaf }bal }cg` jal `fl yccl}|cwa&

• @locbfbfi lbfbfi `za`&

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c|daz&

• Nclazf eb|mdaf yb|d akam|zbm z`fia&

• \bkal j`|dzccn yb|d |qj `fl }dcyaz&

• \da mc||`ia} d`wa iccl x`}}bwa }ck`z la}bif gcz ybf|az y`zn|d

`fl }qnnaz mcck&

02



• Akam|zbm da`| bf `llb|bcf |c |da yccl}|cwa&

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yz`x `zcqfl }qflame yb|d xbmfbm |`jka xzcwbla} at|z` kbwbfi

}x`ma `fl ` }xc| |c zak`t `fl afocr rcqz }a` wbay&

• @kk gqzfb}dbfi}+ mccebfi `fl a`|bfi q|af}bk}+ jallbfi `fl |cyak}

`za }qxxkbal& Jzbfi rcqz cyf ja`md |cyak}&

Z`|a}

Dbid }a`}cf z`|a} `za? ,411 xaz yaae gcz qx |c gcqz xaz}cf}&

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xaz fbid| cz ,0:8 xaz yaae&

Dbid }a`}cf b} gzcn N`r01|d qf|bk `g|az ]ax|anjaz =8|d& Cgg

}a`}cf z`|a}

,41 xaz fbid| gcz cfa xaz}cf& ,21 xaz fbid| gcz |yc xaz}cf}&

,081 xaz fbid| gcz |dzaa cz gcqz xaz}cf}&

Gkccz xk`f}

:8



\da ]qnnaz Mc||ìa} `za gcqz zq}|bm mc||ìa} bf |da db}|czbm |z`lb|bcf

cg }qnnaz m`jbf}& \dar yaza jqbk| bf |da 02=8)} `fl d`wa afla`zal

|dan}akwa} |c |dzaa iafaz`|bcf} cg iqa}|}&

• 0 b} Mk`bz)} Mc||ìa&

• : b} Nazwrf)} N`fcz&

• = b} \da Zcc}|&

• < b} Mczfr Xaffr&

:0



G`mbkb|ba}

• ]bnxka }qnnaz mc||`ia}&

• \yc jalzccn} yb|d `llb|bcf k }kaaxbfi }x`ma cf |da mcwazal

waz`fl`d&

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• gza}d `bz mcckaz + mckl |`x `fl cq|dcq}a `| |da m`jbf&

• Kbid|bfi jr cbk k`nx&

• @kk gqzfb}dbfi}+ mccebfi `fl a`|bfi q|af}bk}+ xbkkcy}& Jzbfi rcqz

cyf jallbfi `fl |cyak}&

Z`|a}

::



,<18 xaz yaae gcz qx |c gcqz xaz}cf}& @llb|bcf`k iqa}|} `za ,01 xaz

fbid| cz ,78 xaz yaae&Fc X]\&

@w`bk`jka bf |da dbid }a`}cf + gzcn Oqfa =8|d qf|bk `g|az K`jcz l`r

`fl `} x`z| cg yallbfi x`meìa}&

]qnnaz Mc||ìa Gkccz xk`f}

Mk`bz)} Mc||ìa

Nazwrf)} N`fcz

:=



\da Zcc}|

Mczfr Xaffr

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L`l)} Dcq}a

L`l)} Dcq}a y`} jqbk| bf 0212 jr Zqxaz| Gczja} gcz db} za|bzanaf|&

\db} b} ` k`ziaz qfb| xzcwblbfi }amkqlal `mmcnncl`|bcf gcz k`ziaz

g`nbkba} cz izcqx}+ cz oq}| ncza }x`ma gcz |dc}a ydc faal b|& \da dcq}a

}qb|} jc|d ybf|az `fl }qnnaz cmmqx`|bcf&

:1



G`mbkb|ba}

• Kbwbfi zccn yb|d dbla.`.jal `fl gbzaxk`ma&

• Akam|zbm da`|bfi&

• Cfa k`zia jalzccn `fl |dzaa }n`kkaz cfa}&

• Nclazf eb|mdaf `fl j`|dzccn&

• Mcwazal waz`fl`d&

• @kk gqzfb}dbfi}+ mccebfi `fl a`|bfi q|af}bk}+ `fl xbkkcy} `za

}qxxkbal&

:7



Z`|a}

Dbid }a`}cf z`|a} `za? ,411 xaz yaae gcz qx |c gcqz xaz}cf}&

\da l`bkr z`|a b} ,018 gcz qx |c gcqz xaz}cf}& @llb|bcf`k iqa}|} `za ,=8

xaz fbid| cz ,0:8 xaz yaae&

Dbid }a`}cf b} gzcn N`r01|d qf|bk `g|az ]ax|anjaz =8|d&

Gkccz xk`f

:9



Za}cz| xk`f?

:4



:&0&:&: Kcm`k At`nxka}

:2



yyy&|dapqba|xk`ma&mcn

]a| cf :1 dam|`za} cg }kcxbfi |azz`bf gzbfial yb|d |zaa}+ \da Pqba| Xk`ma

G`zn Za}cz| b} x`z| cg ` gqkkr gqfm|bcfbfi `izbmqk|qz`k a}|`|a bf J`ic

Mb|r+ `f `za` xk`f|al nc}|kr |c zbma bf |da k`ziakr }qi`z xzclqmbfi

xzcwbfma cg Faizc} Cmmblaf|`k& \da za}cz| cggaz} ` qfbpqa cxxcz|qfb|r

|c atxazbafma zqz`k kbga bf |da |zcxbm} yb|dcq| |da }`mzbgbma cg mcngcz|&

\yaf|r.}bt `bz. mcflb|bcfal zccn} yb|d nclazf mcfwafbafma} `fl ` gqkk.

}azwbma za}|`qz`f| af}qza ` xka`}`f|+ afocr`jka `fl mcngcz|`jka }|`r&

\daza b} `k}c |da za}cz|)} @rc ]x` `fl Yakkfa}} Maf|az cggazbfi ` nafq

cg @}b`f `fl Gbkbxbfc da`k|d |z`lb|bcf} q}bfi |zcxbm`k cbk} `fl a}}afma}

xzclqmal cf }b|a cz bf fabidjczbfi mcnnqfb|ba}& Gcz ka}} pqba| xqz}qb|}

`| |da za}cz|+ |daza b} ` }ybnnbfi xcck+ }awaz`k cxaf `bz x`wbkbcf} gcz

x`z|ba} `fl awaf|} cg =8 |c :88+ `f `bz. mcflb|bcfal naa|bfi zccn gcz

<8+ ` kbjz`zr yb|d ` mcnxq|az yb|d bf|azfa| mcffam|bcf+ ` mdbklzaf)} xk`r

x`ze+ ` m`nxbfi izcqfl+ ` dbebfi |z`bk+ gb}dbfi+ jc`|bfi+ jbkkb`zl}+ |`jka

|affb} `fl c|daz jc`zl i`na}+ j`zjamqa xb|} gcz cq|lccz xbmfbm} `fl

zcy} qxcf zcy} cg czmdbl}+ jzcnakb`l} `fl dakbmcfb` |c afocr&

@MMCNCL@\BCF]

=8



\da `bz jamcna} }qggq}al yb|d |da da`lr }maf| cg Rk`fi.Rk`fi `|

fbid| `nbl}| ` }cg| czmda}|z` jr mzbmea|} `fl gzci}& @fl a`zkr bf |da

nczfbfi+ |da jbzl} ncqf| ` }cc|dbfi mcfmaz|& Atxazbafma |da}a ydaf

}|`rbfi `| |da za}cz|& \yaf|r.}bt iqa}|zccn} gqzfb}dal bf nq|al |cfa}

`za za`lr |c n`ea a`md }|`r mcngcz|`jka+ xka`}`f|+ zaoqwaf`|bfi `fl

qfbpqa&

I`zlaf Zccn}

\da I`zlaf Zccn} `za bf ` |yc.}|czar jqbklbfi kcm`|al zbid|

ja}bla |da Zamax|bcf& A`md cg |da}a zccn} d`} ` xzbw`|a j`kmcfr `fl

b} apqbxxal yb|d `f `bz.mcflb|bcfaz+ ` }bfika `fl ` lcqjka jal+ `

xzbw`|a j`|dzccn yb|d dc| `fl mckl y`|az+ ` mckcz |akawb}bcf yb|d kcm`k

`fl m`jka md`ffak}&

=0



\zaa K`fa Zccn}

Fa}|kal bf ` zcy cg aqm krx|q} `fl n`dci`fr |zaa}+ |da za}cz|)}

}bt|aaf \zaa K`fa Zccn} `za }kbid|kr cgg.|da.|z`me `fl cggaz |z`fpqbk

`fl mcck mcngcz|& Dcq}al bf ` kcfi+ |yc.}|czar jqbklbfi+ b|} mczfaz

zccn} `za apqbxxal yb|d pqaaf.}bal jal}+ ydbka |da za}| cg |da 0:

zccn} d`wa cfa }bfika `fl cfa lcqjka jal& @kk \zaa K`fa Zccn} d`wa

bflbwblq`k `bz.mcflb|bcfaz} `fl xzbw`|a j`|dzccn} yb|d dc| `fl mckl

y`|az& \akawb}bcf} n`r ja xzcwblal qxcf zapqa}|&

X`wbkbcf Zccn}

Bla`k gcz g`nbkba} cz ` }n`kk izcqx cg gzbafl}+ |da za}cz|)} }bt X`wbkbcf

Zccn} `za kcm`|al fa`za}| |da }ybnnbfi xcck& A`md b} apqbxxal yb|d

`f bf.lbwblq`k `bz.mcflb|bcfaz+ |yc lcqjka jal} `fl ` j`|dzccn yb|d

}ax`z`|a }dcyaz `fl |cbka| `za`}& \akawb}bcf} n`r ja xzcwblal qxcf

zapqa}|&

=:



\DA ZA]\@QZ@F\

\da za}cz|)} mdag m`f ydbx qx ` ga`}| cg Gbkbxbfc+ @}b`f ' Mcf|bfaf|`k

g`za+ xazeal qx jr dazj} izcyf cf |da za}cz|)} i`zlaf}& Xcxqk`z lb}da}

`za ibwaf ` |yb}|& \daza b} cqz cyf waz}bcf cg |da Jb}|ae \ì`kci+ ydbmd

ya mdzb}|afal Jaag}|aè \`jqf`f& \da Czbaf|`k Mdbmeaf b} }`q|aal bf

dcb}bf }`qma yb|d nq}dzccn} `fl j`njcc }dcc|}& ]|a`nal Gb}d Gbkka|}

mcna |cxxal bf ` xbpq`f| J`kbfa}a }`qma cz yb|d |da mdag)} cyf

mcfmcm|bcf cg ibfiaz. i`zkbm }`qma& ]`wcz |da gk`wcz} bf |da zak`tal

`njbafma cg |da cxaf `bz Za}|`qz`f| X`wbkbcf cwazkccebfi |da xcck `fl

|da iàjc+ ydbka }azaf`lal jr ` kbwa czmda}|z` cg jbzl}cfi}& \daza)}

fc|dbfi kbea ` nakclbcq} y`r |c |da da`z|& \da za}cz|)} eb|mdaf m`f

==



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m`x`mb|r gzcn cfa d`kg |c |yc |dbzl cg |da |c|`k wckqna cg |da

|`fe&

j& B| }d`kk ja jqbk| jr |da mcfmza|a+ yda|daz xza.m`}| cz xcqzal bf

xk`ma+ jzbme+ mcfmza|a jkcme cz `lcja n`r ja q}al&

m& B| }d`kk fc| ja mcf}|zqm|al qflaz |da jqbklbfi `fl yb|dbf :1

na|az} gzcn |da }cqzma cg y`|az }qxxkr&

Lb}xc}`k cg ]ax|bm \`fe Aggkqaf|

\da aggkqaf| gzcn |da }ax|bm |`fe }d`kk ja lb}md`zial bf|c ` gbakl

}qj}qzg`ma }cbk `j}czx|bcf gbakl ydaza `xxkbm`jka cz }d`kk ja |za`|al

yb|d }cna |rxa cg xqzbgbm`|bcf }azwbma& \da |za`|al aggkqaf| ybkk

lb}md`zia bf|c }|za`n cz jclr cg y`|az bg b| b} mcfgcznbfi |c |da pq`kb|r

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Mcnnb}}bcf&

]ckbl Y`}|a Lb}xc}`k

10



]ckbl y`}|a lb}xc}`k }d kk ja jr }`fb|`zr k`flgbkk+ bfmbfaz`|bcf+

mcnxc}|bfi+ `fl c|daz na|dcl} `} n`r ja `xxzcwal jr mcnxa|af|

icwazfnaf| `q|dczb|r&

Lb}xc}`k ]b|a}

\da kcm |bcf cg }ckbl y`}|a lb}xc}`k }b|a} }d`kk mcfgczn |c

atb}|bfi cfbfi+ k`fl q}a }|`fl`zl}+ `fl xckkq|bcf mcf|zck zaiqk`|bcf}&

Y`|az Xqnxbfi gcz Jqbklbfi#]|zqm|qza}

`& Bf}|`kk`|bcf cg xqnxbfi apqbxnaf| |c }qxxkr

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}r}|an }d`kk fc| ja `kkcyal& @f qflazizcqfl y`|az |`fe cz

mb}|azf nq}| ja gbkkal jr iz`wb|r gkcy gzcn |da y`|az }qxxkr

}r}|an+ gzcn ydaza xqnx} m`f ja bf}|`kkal&

j& \c n`bf|`bf y`|az xza}}qza bf `kk gkccz} cg ` jqbklbfi#}|zqm|qza+

|da gckkcybfi }r}|an} n`r ja q}al?

• Cwazda`l |`fe }qxxkr ” n`r ja bf}|`kkal `jcwa |da zccg

}qxxcz|al jr |da jqbklbfi#}|zqm|qza cz cf ` }ax`z`|a

|cyaz& Y`|az |`fe} }d`kk ja xzcwblal yb|d ` waf| `fl

`f cwazgkcy xbxa ka`lbfi |c ` }|czn lz`bf `fl }d`kk ja

gqkkr mcwazal&

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cg `bz+ bf|c ydbmd y`|az gzcn n`bf b} xqnxal& @ }qb|`jka

xza}}qza }yb|md }d`kk }|cx |da xqnx ydaf xza}}qza

zapqbzal b} `||`bfal& \ fe }d kk ja la}bifal gcz |ybma

1:



|da n`tbnqn |c|`k lrf`nbm xza}}qza zapqbzal& @f `bz

wckqna mcf|zck lawbma }d kk ja bf}|`kkal |c n`bf| bf

mczzam| `bz wckqna bf}bla |da |`fe&

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kcm`k xacxka&

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L`r G`zn . `za g`zn} bla`k gcz l`r |cqz}#wb}b|} q}q`kkr kcm`|al fa`z

f`|bcf`k dbidy`r} `fl n`bf jq}bfa}} `za`&

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kbga atxazbafma&

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cf ` l`r |cqz+ cwazfbid| }|`r cz kcfiaz xazbcl cg |bna gcz |da xqzxc}a

cg x`z|bmbx`|bfi bf cz afocrbfi g`zn `m|bwb|ba} `fl c|daz `||z`m|bcf}

cggazal&

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cxaz`|bcf `fl n`bf|af`fma cg g`zn}#ìzb.|cqzb}n }b|a}&

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f`nakr?

11



`& L`r G`zn

j& G`zn Za}cz|

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gcz |da cxaz`|bcf `fl n`bf|af`fma cg `izb.|cqzb}n#g`zn }b|a}?

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kcm`|bcf&

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g`zn+ bf `llb|bcf |c |da atb}|bfi g`mbkb|ba} fama}}`zr gcz b|} zaiqk`z

cxaz`|bcf?

0& Zamax|bcf#Bfgczn`|bcf Mcqf|az . `f bfgc mcqf|az cz ` zamax|bcf

`za` }d`kk ja la}bif`|al ydaza iqa}|} m`f bfpqbza `jcq| |da g`zn‒}

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gcz |da |cqz&

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ja xzcwblal gcz jq}a} `fl c|daz xqjkbm `} yakk `} xzbw`|a wadbmka}&

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n`la cg bflbiafcq} n`|azb`k} bf eaaxbfi yb|d |da g`zn }a||bfi&

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<& G`zn Iqbla . G`zn iqbla} }d`kk `mmcnx`fr |da |cqz izcqx lqzbfi

|da af|bza mcflqm| cg |da g`zn |cqz& \dar }d`kk xzcwbla bfgczn`|bcf cf

g`zn cxaz`|bcf}+ xzcma}}a}+ xzclqm|} `fl c|daz qfbpqa ga`|qza} cg |da

g`zn&

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}dcx cz nbfb.|z`lbfi xc}| |c xzcwbla iqa}|} yb|d ` xk`ma |c xqzmd`}a

|da g`zn‒} xzclqma $gza}d cz xzcma}}al" `fl#cz faic|b`|a gcz xc}}bjka

jq}bfa}} x`z|faz}dbx} cz |z`f}`m|bcf}&

7& @mmcnncl`|bcf $gcz g`zn za}cz|} cfkr" . \daza }d`kk ja

`mmcnncl`|bcf g`mbkb|ba} ydbmd }d`kk mcnxkr yb|d |da nbfbnqn

}|`fl`zl zapqbzanaf|} cg `f `mmcnncl`|bcf g`mbkb|r cg |da LC\&

9& Za}|`qz`f| $gcz g`zn za}cz|} cfkr" . \daza }d`kk ja ` za}|`qz`f|

cz m`|azbfi }azwbma yb|dbf |da g`zn za}cz|‒} xzanb}a} |c m`|az |c |da

lbfbfi faal} cg wb}b|cz} # iqa}|}&

4& Bfgz`}|zqm|qza . ]qxxcz| bfgz`}|zqm|qza g`mbkb|ba} }d`kk ja bf xk`ma

}qmd `} zc`l+ akam|zbmb|r+ y`|az `fl mcnnqfbm`|bcf&

MD@X\AZ BW

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CG @IZB.\CQZB]N#G@ZN ]B\A]

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$=" ncf|d} bf ` ra`z&

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gckkcybfi }d`kk ja `w`bk`jka?

19



`& ]amqzb|r Xaz}cffak . ]amqzb|r xaz}cffak }d`kk ja cf lq|r cf ` :<.

dcqz j`}b} |c af}qza |da }`ga|r cg iqa}|}5

j& ]`ga|r ]bifìa} . @xxzcxzb`|a }`ga|r }bifìa} }d`kk ja mcf}xbmqcq}kr

lb}xk`ral yb|dbf ìzb.|cqzb}n#g`zn }b|a5

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ja }xambgbm`kkr la}bif`|al5

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g`zn5

a& Gbz}| @bl Eb| . @ yakk.}|cmeal gbz}| `bl eb| }d`kk ja n`la `w`bk`jka `| `kk

|bna}5

g& G`zn Apqbxnaf| ” G`zn apqbxnaf| }d`kk d`wa xzcxaz x`zebfi cz

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zcxal.cgg gzcn wb}b|cz}&

]am|bcf 7& ]`fb|`|bcf& \da gckkcybfi }`fb|`zr g`mbkb|ba} }d`kk ja

xzcwblal?

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yb|d `nxka `nafb|ba} }qmd `} mcf|bfqa} gkcy cg mka`f y`|az+ }c`x+

d`fl |cyak cz |b}}qa x`xaz&

j& Za}|zccn} . \daza }d`kk ja }ax`z`|a mka`f `fl yakk.n`bf|`bfal

za}|zccn} gcz n`ka `fl gan`ka& J`|dzccn} }d`kk `k}c ja xzcwblal + bg

`xxkbm`jka&

m& I`zjìa M`f} . \daza }d`kk ja i`zjìa m`f} bf `kk `m|bwb|r `za`}&

14



l& I`zjìa Lb}xc}`k#Y`}|a N`fìanaf| . I`zjìa#y`}|a lb}xc}`k

}d`kk `ldaza |c }q}|`bf`jka na|dcl} `fl |amdfbpqa} ia`zal |cy`zl}

afwbzcfnaf|`k xzc|am|bcf&

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@MMZALB\@\BCF CG @MMCNNCL@\BCF A]\@JKB]DNAF\] @ZA DAZAJR

XZCNQKI@\AL&

12



MD@X\AZ B

LAGBFB\BCF CG \AZN]

]am|bcf 0& Lagbfb|bcf& Gcz xqzxc}a} cg |da}a Zqka}+ |da gckkcybfi }d`kk

na`f?

`& Dc|ak ” ` jqbklbfi+ albgbma cz xzanb}a} cz ` mcnxka|akr bflaxaflaf|

x`z| |dazacg+ ydbmd b} q}al gcz |da zaiqk`z zamax|bcf+ `mmcnncl`|bcf cz

kclibfi cg |z`wakaz} `fl |cqzb}| `fl |da xzcwb}bcf cg }azwbma} bfmblaf|`k

|daza|c gcz ` gaa&

j& Za}cz| ” `fr xk`ma cz xk`ma} yb|d xka`}`f| afwbzcfnaf| `fl

`|nc}xdaza mcflqmbwa |c mcngcz|+ da`k|dgqk zak`t`|bcf `fl za}|+

cggazbfi gccl+ }kaaxbfi `mmcnncl`|bcf `fl zamza`|bcf`k g`mbkb|ba} |c |da

xqjkbm gcz ` gaa cz zanqfaz`|bcf&

m& \cqzb}| Bff ” ` kclibfi a}|`jkb}dnaf| m`|azbfi |c |z`f}baf|} ydbmd

lca}

fc| naa| |da nbfbnqn zapqbzanaf|} cg `f amcfcnr dc|ak&

l& @x`z|ak ” `fr jqbklbfi cz albgbma mcf|`bfbfi }awaz`k bflaxaflaf|

`fl

gqzfb}dal cz }anb.gqzfb}dal `x`z|naf|}+ zaiqk zkr ka`}al |c |cqzb}|}

`fl

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j`}bm

}azwbma} |c b|} |af`f|}+ }bnbk`z |c dc|ak}&

78



a& Xaf}bcf dcq}a ” ` xzbw`|a cz g`nbkr.cxaz`|al |cqzb}| jc`zlbfi

dcq}a+

|cqzb}| iqa}| dcq}a cz |cqzb}| kclibfi dcq}a anxkcrbfi fcf.

xzcga}}bcf`k

lcna}|bm dakxaz} zaiqk`zkr m`|azbfi |c |cqzb}|} `fl |z`wakaz}+

mcf|`bfbfi

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ydaza ` mcnjbf`|bcf cg jc`zl `fl kclibfi n`r ja xzcwblal&

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na`k}&

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af}qza |da }`ga|r+ mcngcz| `fl mcfwafbafma cg |da |cqzb}|}&

MD@X\AZ BBB

MK@]]BGBM@\BCF CG @FL ]\@FL@ZL

ZAPQBZANAF\] GCZ ZA]CZ\]

70



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za}cz|

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yb|dbf |da bf|azf`k y`|az} cg |da Xdbkbxxbfa @zmdbxakìc"+ kèa}bla cz

zbwaz}bla za}cz| $kcm`|al `kcfi cz fa`z |da j`fe cg ` kèa cz zbwaz"+

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x`ze}&

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za}cz|}

}d`kk ja mk`}}bgbal `} gckkcy}?

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`za |da

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*@* Za}cz|?

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7:



`fl n`zbfa xckkq|bcf&

j& X`zebfi $Bg `xxkbm`jka"

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l& Xqjkbm Y`}dzccn}

\daza }d`kk ja ` mka`f `fl `lapq`|a xqjkbm |cbka| `fl j`|dzccn gcz

n`ka

`fl gan`ka+ xzcwblal yb|d }qggbmbaf| zqffbfi y`|az+ |cbka| x`xaz+ `fl

}c`x&

a& ]xcz|} `fl Zamza`|bcf`k G`mbkb|ba}

\da za}cz| }d`kk cggaz `| ka`}| |yc $:" }xcz|} `fl zamza`|bcf`k g`mbkb|ba}&

g& Gccl `fl Jawaz`ia Cq|ka|}

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n`bf|af`fma cg ` ]xamb`k Bf|aza}| Za}cz|?

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za}cz|&

m& Zccn @mmcnncl`|bcf}

\daza }d`kk ja `| ka`}| gbwa $1" ka||`jka jalzccn} gcz xazn`faf| }b|a

cxaz |bcf}+ }qggbmbaf| `fl gza}d }qxxkr cg mka`f kbfaf+ nbzzcz `fl

akam|zbm g`f atmax| bf xk`ma} ydaza akam|zbmb|r b} fc| `w bk`jka& Gcz

ncw`jka cxaz`|bcf+ ` nbfbnqn cg }bt|aaf $07" iqa}|} xkq} |da }|`gg

}d`kk ja `mmcnncl`|al bf |af|}+ ka`f.|c} `fl |da kbea& Ydaza

xazn`faf| |af|} `za q}al+ gkcczbfi }d`kk ja `| ka`}| gcqz $<" bfmda}

`jcwa |da izcqfl& \af|} }d kk ja xzcwblal yb|d `lapq`|a jallbfi}

}qb|`jka gcz |zcxbm`k q}a& \dana x`ze} n`r ja atanx|al gzcn |db}

zapqbzanaf|&

l& \cbka| `fl J`|dzccn

\daza }d`kk ja }ax`z`|a mka`f |cbka| `fl j`|dzccn g`mbkb|ba} gcz n`ka

`fl gan`ka iqa}|} ydbmd }d`kk ja xzcwblal yb|d }qggbmbaf| }qxxkr cg

zqffbfi y`|az `fl }b|q`|al bf `xxzcxzb`|a `fl `mma}}bjka `za`}& \da

}`na }d`kk ja }qxxkbal yb|d }c`x `fl |cbka| x`xaz& @lapq`|a xcz|`jka

mdanbm`k |cbka|} }d`kk ja xzcwblal `| |da m`nx }b|a gcz ncjbka izcqx}&

Bf |da `j}afma cg mdanbm`k |cbka|}+ |anxcz`zr }`fb|`zr k`|zbfa} }d`kk ja

xzcwblal j`}al cf `mmax|`jka Xdbkbxxbfa }|`fl`zl}&

7<



a& Kbid|bfi+ Gqzfb}dbfi `fl Waf|bk`|bcf

Kbid|bfi `zz`fianaf| `fl gqzfb}dbfi} bf `kk zccn} }d`kk ja cg iccl

}|`fl`zl& Bf `za`} ydaza |daza b} fc akam|zbm k xcyaz+ a`md zccn }d`kk

ja xzcwblal yb|d fcf.d``zlcq} xcz|`jka kbid|}& @lapq`|a na`f} cg

waf|bk`|bcf }d`kk `k}c ja xzcwblal&

g& ]|`gg `fl ]azwbma

@lapq`|a fqnjaz cg |z`bfal+ atxazbafmal+ mcqz|acq} `fl aggbmbaf| }|`gg

}d`kk ja anxkcral& \dar }d`kk ya`z mka`f qfbgczn} `| `kk |bna}& \da

gzcf|kbfa }|`gg }d`kk d`wa ` iccl }xaèbfi efcykalia cg Afikb}d&

]am|bcf 0=& Iafaz`k Zqka} cf |da Cxaz`|bcf `fl N`fìanaf|

cg Za}cz|}&

`& N`bf|af`fma fl dcq}aeaaxbfi&

N bf|af`fma cg `kk }am|bcf} cg |da za}cz| }d`kk ja cg `mmax|`jka

}|`fl`zl+

`fl }d`kk ja cf ` mcf|bfqbfi j`}b}+ |èbfi bf|c mcf}blaz`|bcf |da pq`kb|r

cg

n`|azb`k} q}al `} yakk `} b|} qxeaax& dcq}aeaaxbfi }d`kk ja cg }qmd `

}|`fl`zl af}qzbfi yakk.eax|+ mka`f `fl xckkq|bcf.gzaa xzanb}a}& @

waznbf

mcf|zck xzciz`n }d`kk ja zaiqk`zkr n`bf|`bfal bf `kk `za`} cg |da za}cz|&

Zaiqk`z `fl dribafbm i`zjìa lb}xc}`k }r}|an }d`kk ja n`bf|`bfal&

]`fb|`|bcf na`}qza} }d`kk ja `lcx|al bf `mmczl`fma yb|d |da }|`fl`zl}

xza}mzbjal qflaz X&L& 417+ |da Mcla cf ]`fb|`|bcf cg |da Xdbkbxxbfa}&

71



j& Kbgaiq`zl `fl }amqzb|r&

@kk za}cz|} }d`kk xzcwbla |da }azwbma} cg ` }qggbmbaf| fqnjaz cg yakk.

|z`bfal kbgaiq`zl} lqkr `mmzalb|al jr ab|daz |da Xdbkbxxbfa F`|bcf`k Zal

Mzc}}+ |da

Y`|az Kbga ]`wbfi @}}cmb`|bcf cg |da Xdbkbxxbfa} cz `fr zamcifbal

czi`fb`|bcf |z bfbfi cz xzcnc|bfi }`ga|r cjoam|bwa}+ `fl `lapq`|a

}amqzb|r ydafawaz |daza `za iqa}|}&

m& Nalbm`k ]azwbma}&

@kk za}cz|} }d`kk xzcwbla |da }azwbma} cg ` xdr}bmb`f+ ab|daz cf.m`kk cz cf

gqkk.|bna j`}b}+ laxaflbfi cf |dabz wckqna cg cxaz`|bcf `fl

`mma}}bjbkb|r |c dc}xb|`k cz nalbm`k maf|az}& Bf `llb|bcf}+ za}cz|} }d`kk

anxkcr `lapq`|a gbz}|.`blaz} ydc d`wa mcnxka|al ` mcqz}a bf gbz}| `bla

lqkr maz|bgbal jr |da

F`|bcf`k Zal Mzc}} cz `fr c|daz czi`fb`|bcf `mmzalb|al jr |da }`na&

@lapq`|a gbz}| `bla nalbmbfa} `fl fama}}`zr kbga.}`wbfi apqbxnaf|

}d`kk ja xzcwblal yb|dbf |da xzanb}a}&

l& Gbza.gbid|bfi g`mbkb|ba}&

Gbza.gbid|bfi g`mbkb|ba} }d kk ja xzcwblal bf `mmczl`fma yb|d |da Gbza

Mcla cg |da Xdbkbxxbfa}&

a& ]bifjc`zl}&

@xxzcxzb`|a }bifjc`zl} }d`kk ja mcf}xbmqcq}kr lb}xk`ral cq|}bla |da

a}|`jkb}dnaf| }dcybfi mka`zkr |da f`na `fl mk`}}bgbm`|bcf cg |da za}cz|

`} la|aznbfal jr |da Lax`z|naf|&

77



g& Ja`md `fl kèa}bla za}cz|&

\daza }d`kk ja xk`mal cf ` ja`md cz kèa}bla za}cz| `f `lapq`|a

fqnjaz cg jqcr} ydbmd }d kk ja }xza`l yb|dbf |da `za` |c ja

la|aznbfal jr |da za}cz| cyfaz cz eaaxaz `} }`ga gcz }ybnnbfi

xqzxc}a}+ `f bf mcnxkb`fma yb|d |da atb}|bfi icwazfnaf| zaiqk`|bcf}

`fl#cz kcm`k czlbf`fma} cf |da xk`mbfi cg }qmd jqcr}&

i& La}bif`|al za`&

\da lb}|`fma gzcf|bfi |da `za` cg |da za}cz| yb|d `lapq`|a fqnjaz cg

jqcr} `} xzcwblal bf |da xzamalbfi }am|bcf }d`kk ja la}bif`|al `} |da

`za` gcz }ybnnbfi xqzxc}a}+ `fl fc jc`|+ j`fm` cz c|daz mz`g|} }d`kk

ja `kkcyal |c af|az |da `za`} }c la}bif`|al& \da za}cz| cyfaz cz db}

lqkr `q|dczbal zaxza}af|`|bwa }d`kk ja anxcyazal qflaz |da}a zqka}

|c afgczma |da `jcwa+ `fl }d`kk kbeayb}a la}bif`|a ` xcz|bcf cg |da

ja`md gzcf| |c ja q}al atmkq}bwakr gcz kc`lbfi `fl qfkc`lbfi cg za}cz|

iqa}|}+ qfka}} c|dazyb}a la}bif`|al ak}aydaza jr zqka} `fl

zaiqk`|bcf} }xambgbm |c |da `za`&

d& Xzam`q|bcf`zr na`}qza}&

0& Bf fc m`}a }d`kk |da za}cz| n`fìanaf| `kkcy }ybnnbfi `| |da

ja`md gzcf| jarcfl 08?88 x&n& `fl `xxzcxzb`|a fc|bma }d`kk ja xc}|al

|c bfgczn |da za}cz| iqa}|} cg |db} zaiqk`|bcf&

:& Fbid| }ybnnbfi `| |da xcck }d`kk ja `kkcyal cfkr bg |daza `za

`lapq |a kbgaiq`zl} cf lq|r `fl ydaf |da xcck xzanb}a} `za

}qggbmbaf|kr kbid|al&

79



=& N`f`ianaf| }d`kk xc}| }qggbmbaf| `fl wb}bjka }bif} bf }|z`|aibm `za`}

bf |da za}cz| cz `| |da ja`md |c y`zf iqa}|}#mq}|cnaz} cg |da xza}afma

cg `z|bgbmb`k cz f`|qz`k d``zl}+ l`fiaz `za`} cz cmmqzzafma} |dza`|&

b& Xzcdbjb|al `m|} `fl xz`m|bma}&

0& Fc xa|} cz `fbn`k} }d`kk ja `kkcyal |c j`|da#}ybn `kcfi ja`mda}&

Kbeayb}a+ *xqec|* gb}dbfi `fl y`}dbfi cg gb}dbfi fa|} }d`kk ja }|zbm|kr

xzcdbjb|al bf ja`md za}cz|}&

:& Za}cz| cyfaz} }d`kk xzcdbjb| `njqk`f| waflcz} gzcn xallkbfi |dabz

y`za} yb|dbf |da za}cz| xzanb}a} bf czlaz |c xzcwbla |dabz iqa}|} `

maz|`bf laizaa cg xzbw`mr |c af`jka |dan |c zak`t `fl afocr |dabz }|`r

|daza `|&

=& Kb||azbfi bf za}cz|} }d`kk ja }|zbm|kr xzcdbjb|al& Za}cz| cyfaz} }d`kk

eaax |dabz xzanb}a} mka`f `fl }d kk `lcx| |dabz cyf `f|b.kb||azbfi

na`}qza}&

Yb|dcq| xzaoqlbma |c atb}|bfi cfa} fc za}cz| }d`kk ja a}|`jkb}dal cz

mcf}|zqm|al yb|dbf ` z`lbq} cg gbwa $1" ebkcna|az} gzcn `fr xckkq|bcf.

m`q}bfi g`m|czr cz xk`f|&*

:&= GQFM\BCF@K @ZA@]

L`|` i`|dazal gzcn |da Lax`z|naf| cg \cqzb}n+ F`|bcf`k Jqbklbfi

Mcla+ @zmdb|am|qz`k Iz`xdbm ]|`fl`zl} `fl \bna}`waz‒} ]|`fl`zl} gcz

Jqbklbfi \rxa}&

Kcjjr

74



\da kcjjr‒} `za` mcnxq|`|bcf ybkk ja j`}al cf LXYD

@zmdb|am|qz`k La}bif Iqblakbfa}+ ydbmd `za 8&:1 n&: xaz xaz}cf

gcz kcjjr `fl 8&:4 n&: xaz xaz}cf gcz }|`flbfi y`b|bfi `za`&

\da dc|ak kcjjr a}|`jkb}da} |da nccl gcz |da dc|ak& \da

gqzfb}dbfi+ }ba+ lamcz`|bcf}+ mckcz+ gbfb}dbfi `fl kbid|bfi `za

akai`f|kr la}bifal |c mza`|a |da xzcxaz `njbafma zai`zlka}} cg

|da dc|ak }ba&

@lnbfb}|z`|bcf @za`

\da n`f`ibfi }| gg} cg |da dc|ak `za la}bifal |cia|daz yb|d

jq}bfa}} |z`f}`m|bcf `za`}+ }`ga|r |bna laxc}b|}+ gczabif

atmd`fia mcqf|az+ mcnnqfbm`|bcf g`mbkb|ba}+ a|m& `za `k}c

bfmczxcz`|al bf b|&

Zccn}

@kk }bfika `fl lcqjka zccn} d`wa ` gkccz `za` cg fc| ka}}

|d`f 04 }p& n& bfmkq}bwa cg j`|dzccn}&

]cqwafbz ]dcx

\da }dcx }dcqkl `mmcnncl`|a `kk fama}}`zr mz`g|}& \da

}ba laxafl} cf |da jqke cg |da }cqwafbz} |c ja ga`|qzal&

NQK\B.XQZXC]A D@KK

72



\da gqfm|bcf d`kk y`} la}bifal |c `mmcnncl`|a 088 xacxka&

\da `za` ybkk bfmkqla ` 8&78 n dbid }|ìa `fl ` }|czìa zccn gcz |`jka}

`fl md`bz}&

MCFGAZAFMA ZCCN

\da mcfgazafma zccn y`} la}bifal |c `mmcnncl`|a 18 xacxka&

B| b} kcm`|al cf |da }amcfl gkccz |c ibwa iccl wbay} |c |da }qzzcqflbfi

wb}|`&

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\daza `za fc }xamb k zapqbzanaf|} gcz |da j`z `fl za}|`qz`f|

ydbmd `za bf ` y`r lbggazaf| gzcn |da }|`fl`zl zapqbzanaf|} gcz }qmd `

g`mbkb|r&

Lbfbfi

\da lbfbfi `za` `mmcnncl`|a} mq}|cnaz} gcz jc|d |da j`z

`fl za}|`qz`f|& B| y`} la}bifal }c |d`| |da `za`} `mdbawa

}af}czr mcngcz| jr na`f} cg mzc}} waf|bk |bcf `fl l`r kbid|bfi

gzcn |da fcz|d&

Eb|mdaf

\da eb|mdaf+ x`f|zr `fl }|czìa `za xzcga}}bcf`kkr

la}bifal |c af}qza |da aggbmbafmr cg cxaz`|bcf `fl }d`kk ja apqbxxal+

a`}bkr n`bf|`bfal+ `fl `lapq`|akr waf|bk`|al `fl kbid|al&

98



X@ZEBFI ]X@MA]

\da x`zebfi }x`ma} `za xzcwblal `| |da }cq|da`}| `za` cg a`md

jqbklbfi& \db} d`} jaaf lbm|`|al jr Gafi ]dqb xzbfmbxka} `} |da nc}|

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cg |da atb}|bfi k`fl}m`xa ga`|qza y`} `k}c mcf}blazal ydaf xk`ffbfi

|da x`zebfi xk`manaf|& \da }ba cg `f `wazìa `q|cncjbka x`zebfi }kc|

xzcwblal b} mcnxq|al `| :&< na|az} jr 1&88 na|az} gcz xazxaflbmqk`z

cz lbìcf`k czbaf|`|bcf+ `fl `| :&88 na|az} jr 7&88 na|az} gcz x`z`kkak

x`zebfi& @ |zqme cz jq} x`zebfi }kc| xzcwblal d`} jaaf mcnxq|al |c ja

` nbfbnqn cg =&78 na|az} t 0:&88 na|az}&

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kbfa ja|yaaf |da }d`kkcy `fl |da laax y |az b} fc| ka}} |d`f 0&=1

na|az} cz ncza |d`f 0&18 na|az} laax&

\affb} Mcqz|

90



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|dar zapqa}|al |d`| ` |affb} mcqz| ja bfmczxcz`|al bf|c |da la}bif& B|

kba} `kcfi ` Fcz|d.]cq|d `tb} jadbfl |da n bf jqbklbfi `fl `y`r

gzcn |da x`zebfi `za & \da |affb} mcqz| b} la}bifal bf `mmczl`fma

yb|d |da zapqbzal lbnaf}bcf} bf |da @zmdb|am|qz`k Iz`xdbm ]|`fl`zl}&

J`}ea|j`kk Mcqz|

J`}ea|j`kk b} ` xcxqk`z }xcz| gcz |da rcqfi xacxka cg ]b}cf&

B| ybkk `k}c ja czbaf|al cf ` Fcz|d.]cq|d `tb} |c `wcbl }qf ik`za

`fl b| ybkk ja }b|q`|al `lo`maf| |c |da |affb} mcqz|&

K`fl}m`xa Ga`|qza}

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}dzqj} |c mcnxkanaf| |da atb}|bfi waia|`|bcf& \ kk x`kn |zaa} ybkk ja

q}al |c xzcwbla }d`la yb|dcq| jkcmebfi mcck jzaaa} `| ybflcy kawak&

\dc}a |d`| `za mcmcfq| |zaa} m`f ja d`zwa}|al ra`z.zcqfl& \da |zaa}

ybkk fc| ja mcmcfq| `| |da x`zebfi `fl xcck `za`} gcz mcf}blaz`|bcf cg

|da }`ga|r cg |da jqbklbfi q}az}& ]dzqj} `fl gckb ia |d`| zapqbza kb||ka

n`bf|af`fma ybkk ja bfmczxcz`|al |c n`ea ` zak`tbfi izcqfl mcwaz&

=&0 ]B\A ]AKAM\BCF @F@KR]B]

=&0&0 ]B\A ]AKAM\BCF MZB\AZB@

X`z| @? La}bz`jka ]qzzcqflbfi Md`z`m|azb}|bm} gcz ` G`zn Za}cz|

0& \da Zaibcf }dcqkl d`wa f`|qz`k ja`q|r&

9:



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=& ]dcxxbfi `fl Mcnnazmb`k G mbkb|ba} `za xza}af| bf |da `za`&

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1& Kcm`k `||b|qla} |cy`zl \cqzb}|} `za xc}b|bwa&

7& @mma}}bjbkb|r cg |da Zaibcf b} yakk a}|`jkb}dal&

9& \cqzb}n @m|bwb|r bf |da Zaibcf b} `kza`lr xza}af|&

X`z| J? La}bz`jka Xzcxaz|r Md`z`m|azb}|bm}

4& F`|qz`k Ga`|qza} cg Rcqz Xzcxaz|r `za bf|aza}|bfi&

2& ]b|a Bfgz`}|zqm|qza atb}|} cz m`f ja za`lbkr bfmkqlal bf waf|qza&

08&Dqn`f Za}cqzma b} za`lbkr `w bk`jka gzcn }qzzcqflbfi

mcnnqfb|r&

=&0&: ]B\A ]AKAM\BCF @F@KR]B]

X`z| @? La}bz`jka ]qzzcqflbfi Md`z`m|azb}|bm} gcz ` G`zn Za}cz|

0& \da Zaibcf }dcqkl d`wa f`|qz`k ja`q|r&

• \da zaibcf d`} ` lbwaz}a z`fia cg iaciz`xdbm ga`|qza} }qmd `}

zcme gczn`|bcf}+ y`|azmcqz}a} `fl#cz a}|q`zba}+ }cbk}+ `fl

k`flgczn}&

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`za za`lbkr `mma}}bjka `fl wb}bjka |c wb}b|cz}&

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cg gkcyazbfi xk`f|}+ bf|aza}|bfi |zaa} cz }dzqj}+ `fl qf|cqmdal

d`jb|`| `za`} gcz f`|bwa ybklkbga&

9=



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}xcz|} `fl zamza`|bcf`k `m|bwb|ba}&

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:& Mqk|qz`k `fl ]cmb`k Md`z`m|azb}|bm} cg |da Zaibcf `za

bf|aza}|bfi&

• \da zaibcf n bf|`bf} ` }|zcfi kbfe yb|d b|} x`}|+ yb|d `f

`jqfl`fma cg nq}aqn}+ ncfqnaf|}+ db}|czbm n`zeaz} `fl

bf|azxza|`|bcf maf|az}&

• \da zaibcf `m|bwakr xzcnc|a} |da xza}azw`|bcf cg Bflbiafcq}

}b|a}+ atxkczaz zcq|a} `fl `z|bg`m|}+ lazakbm| jqbklbfi}&

• \da mqk|qz k g`jzbm cg |da `za` b} zbmd yb|d zakbibcq} db}|czr+

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}xamb`k ga}|bw`k} `za `||z`m|bcf} gcz wb}b|cz} |c |da `za`&

=& ]dcxxbfi `fl Mcnnazmb`k G`mbkb|ba} `za xza}af| bf |da `za`&

9<



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|cqzb}|}&

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yb|d `lapq`|a j`febfi+ xc}|`k+ k`flkbfa |akaxdcfa+ ncjbka xdcfa

`fl bf|azfa| g`mbkb|ba}&

• \da zaibcf b} yakk }azwal yb|d `q|cnc|bwa+ n`zbfa+ m`z`w`f `fl

c|daz fama}}`zr zax`bz+ n`bf|af`fma `fl zagqakbfi g`mbkb|ba}&

<& Xqjkbm Bfgz`}|zqm|qza |c ]qxxcz| \cqzb}n b} xza}af| bf |da

`za`&

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91



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97



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F iafaz`k ncza ncfar na`f} ncza |z`wak&

:& Izcy|d bf |da fqnjaz cg za|bzal xaz}cf} ydc d`wa |da la}bza

`fl |da afazir |c |z`wak& Kbga atxam|`fmr } bfmza`}bfi&

=& Bfmza`}a bf lb}mza|bcf`zr |bna ” }dcz|az ycze yaae} `fl kcfiaz

w`m`|bcf}&

<& Iza |az ncjbkb|r cg |da xcxqk |bcf& Xacxka jam`na ncza

`mmq}|cnal |c |z`wak jam`q}a cg |da bfmza`}a bf |z`wak

cxxcz|qfb|ba} `fl |da la}bza |c a}m`xa gzcn |da }|za}} `fl

xza}}qza} cg nclazf kbga&

1& Izcy|d bf |da fqnjaz cg ‛}bfika}&„ Xacxka kbwbfi kcfa d`wa

ncza gzaa |bna |d`f mcqxka}5 dafma |dar y`f| |c }cmb`kba

|dzcqid |z`wak&

7& Iza`|az mzalb| w bk`jbkb|r |dzcqid mzalb| m`zl} `fl j`fe kc`f}&

9& Dbidaz alqm`|bcf`k kawak}& Qfbwaz}b|r }|qlaf|} |afl |c jamcna

ncza bf|aza}|al bf c|daz mqk|qza}&

4& \da izcy|d cg mb|ba}& \da Bflq}|zb`k Zawckq|bcf jzcqid| `jcq|

nbiz`|bcf cg xacxka gzcn |da zqz`k `za`} |c |da qzj`f maf|az}

za}qk|bfi bf |da izcy|d cg qzj`fb`|bcf& Mb|r za}blaf|} |z`wak

ncza |d`f xacxka kbwbfi bf zqz`k `za`} |c a}m`xa gzcn |da

mcfia}|al qzj`f afwbzcfnaf|&

2& ]bnxkbgbm`|bcf cg |z`wak |dzcqid x`me`ia |cqz}&

08& Izcy|d cg nqk|bf`|bcf`k jq}bfa}}&

0:7



00& Nclazf |z`f}xcz|`|bcf |amdfckcir n`ea} kcfi lb}|`fma |z`wak

g`}|az+ ka}} atxaf}bwa `fl ncza mcngcz|`jka&

0:& ]dbg| bf w kqa}& @ izcybfi fqnjaz cg xacxka `za xk`mbfi ncza

w`kqa cf atxazbafma z`|daz |d`f n`|azb`k xc}}a}}bcf&

0=& @lw`fma} bf mcnnqfbm`|bcf& \akawb}bcf `fl ncwba} afk`zia

|da |z`wak xaz}xam|bwa&

<&<&:\AMDFBM@K @]XAM\

\da |amdfbm`k `}xam| cg |da xzcoam|+ ‛]b}cf G zn Za}cz|+„ ybkk

xzbn`zbkr la`k yb|d |da @zmdb|am|qz k `fl Afibfaazbfi ycze}& \db}

bfmkqla} |da xk`ffbfi+ la}bifbfi+ mcfmax|q`kb`|bcf+ `fl na|dcl} cg

mcf}|zqm|bcf&

LA]MZBX\BCF CG \DA XZCOAM\

\da bffcw`|bwa xzcxc} k ybkk `f}yaz |da n`zea|‒} faal} gcz

zamza`|bcf `fl zak`t`|bcf+ |dzcqid b|} g mbkb|ba} `fl `nafb|ba}& B| ybkk ja

` }anb.xqjkbm # }anb.xzbw`|a lawakcxnaf| yb|d }x`ma gcz gq|qza

atx`f}bcf faal}&

XZCOAM\ OQ]\BGBM@\BCF

\db} xzcxc}`k b} `xxzcxzb`|a+ jam`q}a |da bfgkqt cg |`zia| n`zea|

b} fawaz.aflbfi& Jq|+ nc}| bnxcz|`f|kr b| ybkk xzcwbla nqmd faalal ocj

cxxcz|qfb|ba} |c |da }qzzcqflbfi mcnnqfb|r+ bf jc|d za kn} cg

`izbmqk|qz`k xzclqm|bcf#}`ka `fl |cqzb}n }azwbma&

J@]B] GCZ \DA LA]BIF MCFMAX\

0:9



\da la}bif mcfmax| y`} j`}al qxcf w`zbcq} xzbfmbxka} cg Gafi.

]dqb+ |zcxbm`k kcy.afazir la}bif+ wazf`mqk`z mcf}|zqm|bcf na|dcl} `fl

}|`fl`zl} cg |da F`|bcf`k Jqbklbfi Mcla}&

Gafi.]dqb d`} lbm|`|al jqbklbfi }d`xa} `fl czbaf|`|bcf cg

gqfm|bcf`k `za`}& Gkbid|} cg }|`bz} `za fc| mcnxc}al cg ` fqnjaz ydbmd

b} ` nqk|bxka cg |dzaa `fl |dar lc fc| lbzam|kr g`ma `fr jqbklbfi

af|z`fma&

\zcxbm k kcy.afazir la}bif xzbfmbxka} d`wa lbm|`|al g`m`la

|za`|naf| cg |da jqbklbfi} `fl k`fl}m`xbfi cg |da }b|a& Lcqjka.Dqfi

ybflcy} yaza mdc}af+ jam`q}a |dar xzcnc|al mcfwam|bcf jr `kkcybfi

|da gkcy cg mcck `bz `| ` kcy kcm`|bcf cf |da Fcz|d g`mbfi y`kk}& Y`zn

`bz a}m`xa} |dzcqid `f qxxaz y`kk `yfbfi ybflcy cf |da cxxc}b|a

]cq|d y`kk&

MCNX@Z@\BWA @F@KR]B] CG @K\AZF@\BWA LA]BIF MCFMAX\

@f `k|azf`|bwa la}bif }ckq|bcf |c |da gbf`k la}bif y`} mcf}blazal&

\da za`}cf} ydr b| y`} fc| mdc}af yaza?

0& \da mzqmbgczn cg |da n bf jqbklbfi y`} mcf}blazal qfkqmer

jam`q}a ` mzc}} }rnjckba} qfza}ckwal xzcjkan}&

:& B|} gczn`k }rnna|zr za}anjkal |da md`z`m|az `fl n`}}bfi cg `

mcf}azw`|bwa mdqzmd ncza |d`f cg `f bffcw`|bwa xk`ma cg kab}qza

`fl zamza`|bcf&

=& \da }d`xa cg |da xcck lbl fc| mcfgczn |c |da cwaz`kk md`z`m|az cg

|da xzcxc}al xzcoam|&

0:4



<& \da xk`manaf| cg |da `gczanaf|bcfal xcck y`} kcm`|al `nbl |da

wadbmqk`z kccx+ ydbmd atxc}al b| |c |da la|zbnaf|} cg wadbmqk`z

atd`q}|&

1& Wadbmqk z `fl xala}|zb`f x`|d} mzc}}al& \db} y`} mcf}blazal

qf}`ga&

7& \da }ybnnbfi xcck y`} fc| wb}bjka gzcn |da kcjjr&

9& \da zamza`|bcf`k g`mbkb|ba} yaza fc| mcnjbfal&

4& \da x`zebfi kc| y`} fc| bnnalb |akr wb}bjka qxcf `zzbw`k `| |da

n`bf jqbklbfi&

2& \da atxc}al xk manaf| cg |da xcck nbid| afmcqz`ia g`zn

yczeaz} |c }xr cf iqa}|}&

]B\A ]AKAM\BCF CZ KCM@\BCF

\da }b|a |d`| |da xzcxc}al xzcoam| b} |c ja jqbk| qxcf y`} mdc}af&

Nc}| cg |da mcnxa|bfi za}cz|} g`kk yb|dbf |da LC\ za}|zbm|al z`lbq} cg 1

ebkcna|az} cg `f bflq}|zb`k xk`f|+ |da Fcz|dazf Manaf| Mczxcz`|bcf&

\da kcm`|bcf cg |da xzcxc}al ‛]b}cf G`zn Za}cz|+„ dcyawaz b} cq|}bla

cg |d`| 1 en z`lbq}& \da ‛lb}mcwazr„ cg |da f`|qz`k ga`|qza `| |da

Ya}|azf jcqfl`zr b} ` ybffbfi g`m|cz cg |da }b|a& \da xk`ma b} efcyf

jr |da kcm`k} `}

‛N`.qkc„& B| b} m`kkal |d`| jam`q}a b| b} gcqfl `| |da j`}a cg ` dbkk |d`|

za}anjka} |da }ncc|d zcqflal |cx cg ` da`l& ]cna mdbklzaf `za jz`wa

afcqid |c y`ke |da lb}|`fma |cy`zl |da dbkk |c ia| |daza+ jq| |c n`fr

c|daz} ‛N`.qkc„ b} ` kaiafl |d`| |dar d`wa fc| ra| }aaf& C|daz |d`f+

0:2



|da kcm`|bcf }`|b}gba} |da zapqbzanaf|} cg f`|qz`k ja`q|r+ bf|aza}|bfi

mqk|qz`k md`z`m|azb}|bm}+ kcm`k }dcxxbfi g`mbkb|ba}+ xza}afma cg }qxxcz|bfi

bfgz`}|zqm|qza+ xc}b|bwa kcm`k `||b|qla |cy`zl} |da za}cz|+ `mma}}bjbkb|r+

`fl a}|`jkb}dal xza}afma cg c|daz kcm`k za}cz|}&

AFWBZCFNAF\@K MCFLB\BCF] # @]]A]]NAF\

48! cg |da zak |bwakr kawak }b|a b} gaz|bka `fl }qb|`jka gcz

ìzbmqk|qz`k xqzxc}a} `fl kbwa}|cme iz`bfi& \da LAFZ b} wazr }|zbm|

zai`zlbfi |da mdcxxbfi `fl zancw`k cg |zaa}+ }c nc}| ybkk ja }`wal&

\da |zaa} |d`| nq}| ja zancwal ybkk ja zaxk`mal yb|d j`f`f` `fl

mcmcfq| |zaa} ydbmd `za }`|b}g`m|czr gcz |da }d`la `fl#cz gzqb|+ ydbmd

|dar xzcwbla&

@W@BK@JBKB\R CG N@\AZB@K]

Mcfmza|a dckkcy jkcme} }d`kk ja czlazal lbzam|kr gzcn kcm`k

n`fqg m|qzaz}& Nc}| cg |da }|cfa |c ja q}al bf |da mcfmza|a nbt `fl

g`m`la wafaaz ybkk ja i`|dazal cf |da }b|a+ |c }`wa ncfar& Xzctbnb|r

cg |da Fcz|dazf Manaf| Mczxcz`|bcf nèa} manaf| za`lbkr `w`bk`jka&

\bnjaz `fl xkqnjbfi gbt|qza} m`f ja czlazal gzcn kcm`k waflcz} `fl

gzcn |da fabidjczbfi |cyf cg Xqczqjbc& \c `wcbl lakbwazr `fl

}|czìa xzcjkan}+ `kk n`|azb`k} ybkk ja i`|dazal `fl lakbwazal `}

}mdalqkal&

JQBKLBFI K@RCQ\

0=8



\da }b|a mcf}b}|} cg kbwa}|cme iz`bfi gbakl} `fl gafmal.bf

ìzbmqk|qz`k k`fl& :8! cg |da |c|`k `za` ybkk q}al gcz |da jqbk|.qx

mcf}|zqm|bcf cg |da g`zn za}cz|& B| y`} lamblal |d`|+ `} nqmd `}

xc}}bjka+ |da gaz|bka izcqfl cg |da }b|a }dcqkl ja }`wal gcz b|} xc|af|b`k

ìzbmqk|qz`k q}a& \da lzr `fl }|cfr izcqfl ycqkl ja ja}| }qb|al gcz

|da kcm`|bcf cg |da n`bf jqbklbfi&

@izbmqk|qz`k jqbklbfi} ybkk ja xk`mal fa`z |da gzcf| cg |da }b|a |c

xzbw`|ba |da n`bf zamza`|bcf`k jqbklbfi+ ydbmd b} bf |da za`z+ gzcn |da

ra`z.zcqfl `m|bwb|ba} cg |da g`zn&

\da cyfaz‒} za}blafma }d`kk ja kcm`|al ja|yaaf |da ìzbmqk|qz k

g`mbkb|ba} `fl za}cz| g`mbkb|ba} |c `bl bf }amqzb|r cg |da }b|a jr

}qzwabkk`fma cg |da wadbmqk`z af|z`fma+ ìzbmqk|qz`k jqbklbfi `fl za}cz|

jqbklbfi&

]B\A XK@F MCF]BLAZ@\BCF]

]x`ma kkcm`|bcf

]x`ma `kkcm`|bcf bfmkqla} mbzmqk`|bcf cg x`}}bwa `fl `m|bwa+ |da

xqjkbm `fl |da xzbw`|a }x`ma} cg |da xzcoam|+ |c ydbmd |da mcfwafbafma

`fl `mma}}bjbkb|r b} mcf}blazal `fl b} cfkr lcfa jr xzcxaz

lb}}anbf`|bcf cg }qmd }x`ma} `fl |dzcqid |da `}}qz`fma cg }amqzb|r

xaz}cffak&

Y`|az Lb}xc}`k ]r}|an

Y`|az m`f ja za`lbkr xqnxal gzcn |da izcqfl `fl }bfma |daza

`za }m`zmakr `fr lawakcxnaf|} bf |da bnnalb`|a }qzzcqflbfi `za`+ |da

0=0



y`|az b} wazr mka`f& @ la}bif nq}| ja n`la |d | ybkk af}qza |d`| |da

y`|az |`jka }|`r} qfxckkq|al&

B| b} xzcxc}al |d`| jr y`r cg ` iz`wb|r }r}|an+ iz`r y`|az gzcn

|da |dbzl gkccz }qb|a} ybkk ja }|czal bf ` y`|az |`fe |c ja q}al `} |da

|cbka| gkq}dbfi y`|az cf |da }amcfl kawak& \db} }d`kk ja lcfa |c gqz|daz

}`wa akam|zbmb|r ydbmd ycqkl ja q}al |c zqf |da xqnxbfi afibfa&

Afwbzcfnaf|`k Mcf}blaz`|bcf

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}`fb|`|bcf b} `k}c mcf}blazal& Xzcwb}bcf cg |da i`zjìa zamax|`mka}+

xzcxaz la}bif cg }ayaz} `fl }ax|bm |`fe }d`kk ja bnxkanaf|al&

K`fl}m`xbfi

K`fl}m`xa `za`} afd`fma |da à}|da|bm w`kqa cg |da xzcxc}al

xzcoam| ydbmd }azwa} `} jqggaz} ì`bf}| }cqfl `fl `bz xckkq|bcf&

K`fl}m`xa }d`kk `k}c xzcwbla |da nqmd faalal }d`la gzcn |da da`| cg

|da }qf `fl `kkcy mcckbfi jzaaa} |dzcqid |da }|zqm|qza&

N@MDBFAZR @FL APQBXNAF\

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zaf|al& \da nc}| xz`m|bm`k mcf}|zqm|bcf |amdfbpqa} ybkk ja |èaf bf|c

mcf}blaz`|bcf gcz |da g`}|a}| `fl ka`}| mc}|kr mcf}|zqm|bcf&

Q\BKB\BA] ZAPQBZAL

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jzcyf.cq|}+ `fl b| }d`kk ja xk`mal bf |da namd`fbm`k zccn& \da y`|az

0=:



}qxxkr ybkk ja mcnxka|akr xzcwblal gzcn |yc laax yakk} |d`| `za

kcm`|al cf |da }b|a& ]ayaz |`fe} ybkk ja xzcwblal |c `mmcnncl`|a

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Lz`bfìa b} xzcwblal jr |da f`|qz`k y |az zqf. cgg+ `fl |db} b} `

}`|b}g`m|czr mcflb|bcf jam`q}a |da fabidjczbfi k`fl} `za cxaf }x`ma&

\akaxdcfa `fl m`jka kbfa} `za `w`bk`jka bf |da `za`&

K@JCZ ZAPQBZANAF\]

\da |rxa cg k`jcz gczma b} mcf|z`m|q`k `fl ybkk mcna gzcn ]b}cf+

}c |d`| |daza ybkk ja fc fai`|bwa gaakbfi} |cy`zl |da xzcoam| gzcn |da

mcnnqfb|r& B| ybkk ja qx |c |da mcf|z`m|cz} |c }qjlbwbla |da ycze |c

}qjmcf|z`m|cz} yb|dbf |da `za`& \da mc}| cg k`jcz ybkk laxafl cf |da

xazmaf|ìa jc|d x`z|ba} nq}| ìzaa qxcf& \daza ybkk ja fc k`jcz

qfbcf} xza}af| jam`q}a cg |da mcf|z`m|q`k f`|qza cg |da ycze&

MC]\ A]\BN@\A] CZ XZCOAM\ MC]\

\da mc}| a}|bn`|a} ybkk ja mcnxq|al `mmczlbfi |c mc}| `f`kr}b} cg

|da jqbklbfi mcnxcfaf|} `fl zamza`|bcf`k g`mbkb|ba}&

<&<&=N@F@IANAF\ @]XAM\

\da xzcxc}al xzcoam| }d`kk ja n`fìal `fl gbf`fmal jr `f

czi`fb`|bcf`k gczn cg ` mczxcz`|bcf& \da mczxcz`|bcf ybkk ja gcznal bf

`mmczl`fma yb|d Xdbkbxxbfa mczxcz`|a k`y }qmd `} zaib}|z`|bcf cg b|}

`z|bmka} cg bfmczxcz`|bfi `| |da ]amqzb|ba} `fl Atmd`fia Mcnnb}}bcf

$]AM"&

CGGBMAZ] @FL EAR XAZ]CFFAK

0==



• N`fìaz. Da`l cg |da n`fìanaf| cg za}cz| `fl zamza`|bcf&

• Zamax|bcfb}|}. Izaa|} iqa}|} `fl d`flka} `kk iqa}| zak`|bcf}

`m|bwb|ba}&

• Xcz|az. ]azwbma naf gcz |da iqa}|}&

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• M`}dbaz. D`flka} w`zbcq} ncfa|`zr |`zbgg bfmcna `fl

atxaflb|qza} ydaf czlazbfi }qxxkba}&

• Mcce}. N`fìa} |da eb|mdaf `za`&

• ]azwbma Mzay. @||afl} |c |da faal} cg lbfaz} bf |da Za}|`qz`f|&

• N`bl}. Lc `kk dcq}aeaaxbfi cg |da Dc|ak xcz|bcf cg |da N bf

jqbklbfi&

• Kbgaiq`zl}. }qxazwb}cz cg }`ga|r `| |da xcck `za`&

<&<&<]CMBC.AMCFCNBM @]XAM\

]cmbcamcfcnbm W`zb`jka} `fl |dabz Aggam| cf \z`wak

@ia

\daza `za }awaz`k lbggazafma} ja|yaaf x`||azf} cg |z`wak j`}al

cf ìa& Rcqfiaz xacxka |afl |c }akam| ncza `m|bwa zamza`|bcf`k

`m|bwb|ba} |d`f cklaz xacxka& \da aklazkr $|dc}a bf |da k`|a }bt|ba} `fl

qxy`zl" xzagaz ncza x`}}bwa gczn} cg zamza`|bcf }qmd `} wb}b|bfi

gzbafl} `fl zak |bwa}+ gb}dbfi+ }bid|}aabfi `fl xk`rbfi ickg& Cklaz

|cqzb}|} |afl |c |z`wak |c g`z|daz la}|bf`|bcf}+ xzagaz }dbx |z`wak+ |z`wak

0=<



ncza bf }xzbfi |d`f lc rcqfiaz |cqzb}|} `fl }xafl ka}} |d`f nbllka

ìa |cqzb}|} jq| ncza |d`f rcqfiaz |cqzb}|}&

Bfmcna `fl ]cmb`k ]|`|q}

Bfmcna `fl }cmb`k }|`|q} d`wa ` iza`| bfgkqafma cf |z`wak& Zbmd

xaz}cf} `} yakk `} xaz}cf} yb|d dbidaz }cmb`k }|`|q} |z`wak ncza |d`f

|dc}a yb|d kcyaz bfmcna `fl kcyaz }cmb`k mk`}} }|`|q}& Dbidaz bfmcna

|cqzb}|} }|`r kcfiaz `fl }xafl ncza xaz l`r |d`f |dc}a yb|d kcyaz

bfmcna}&

Alqm`|bcf

\daza b} ` }|zcfi mczzak`|bcf ja|yaaf alqm`|bcf `fl |z`wak&

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d`wa ` iza`|az la}bza |c |z`wak& Za}a`zmdaz} d`wa gcqfl |d`| |da ncza

alqm`|al |da |z`wakaz} `za+ |dar |afl |c ja ncza }cxdb}|bm`|al bf |dabz

|`}|a}& \dar xzagaz `m|bwb|ba} ydbmd zapqbza |da lawakcxnaf| cg

bf|azxza|`|bwa `fl atxza}}bwa }ebkk} }qmd `} `||aflbfi xk`r}+ mcfmaz|}+

`fl `z| nq}aqn}+ za`lbfi jcce}+ xk`rbfi ickg+ |affb} `fl }ebbfi&

Kbga ]|ìa} cg |da G`nbkr

\da xza}afma cg mdbklzaf bf |da g`nbkr kbnb|} |z`wak& Ncza kab}qza

|bna b} }xaf| `| dcna& @} |da mdbklzaf izcy qx `fl ka`wa dcna+ |da

n`zzbal mcqxka} zafay bf|aza}| bf |z`wak& Mcqxka} bf |db} kbga }|ìa

q}q`kkr d`wa ncza lb}mza|bcf`zr bfmcna `fl `za ncza gbf`fmb kkr

m`x`jka |c |z`wak&

<&<&<GBF@FMB@K @]XAM\

0=1



\da amcfcnbm aggam| cg |cqzb}n m`f ja n`tbnbal |dzcqid |da

gckkcybfi }|z`|aiba}+ bnxcz| }qj}|b|q|bcf+ bfmaf|bwa} `fl gczabif

atmd`fia&

N`tbnbbfi |da Amcfcnbm Aggam| cg \cqzb}n

Izcy|d \daczba}?

]cna amcfcnbm izcy|d |daczba} d`wa jaaf xzcxc}al |c

n`tbnba |da amcfcnbm aggam| cg |cqzb}n yb|dbf ` la}|bf`|bcf `za`&

\da}a `za |da |daczr cg j`k`fmal izcy|d `fl |da |daczr cg qfj`k`fmal

izcy|d&

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Architectural Thesis of Edred Castro LEED AP

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