Archaeology Sep 2011

7/31/2019 Archaeology Sep 2011

1/72

Gsnq$Jsbs}p 899rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb J yshnamjpadl do pfc Jxmfjcdndbamjn Al}papspc do Jecxamj ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89

Pfc Ycx}ajl Ceyaxc}Odxbdppcl Oxdlpacx

C}mjyc pd pfc Bxcjp@a}ejn ]rjey

YNS]7Hnjmkhcjx`} Jlmfdx.

Xco @dde} Bnj`ajpdx.Yqxjea` Xdhd%Mje

Yaxjpc}do pfc]dspf Mfalj ]cj

Ydeycaa} @cj` Xcaejbalc`

GslbncRjxojxcdo pfc

Ejqj


2/72

E D PF C X LJ P S X C]H C ] P K C Y P ] C M X C P

Hc dlc rapf pfa} Fcea}yfcxc} njxbc}p hjxxacx xcco, Hc dlc rapf ns}f xjalodxc}p}, Hc dlc rapfpfc yxdodsl` eq}pcxac} do pfc Ejqj. gs}p al paec odx 89:8, Gdal al pfc qcjx%ndlb mcnchxjpadldo Ejqj msnpsxc. pxj`apadl} jl` pfc cjxpf} xclcrjn al pfc fcjxpnjl` do pfc Ejqj, Jl` pjkcj`vjlpjbc do dlmc%al%j%naocpaec Ejqj msnpsxjn yxdbxje} jl` }ycmajn pdsx yjmkjbc}, Jnn. gs}pj prd%fdsx abfp oxde pfc S,], al pfc dlnq Clbna}f%}ycjkalb mdslpxq al Mclpxjn Jecxamj, Pdncjxl edxc. mj nn699%?80%9?6? dx va}ap HcnawcEjqj89:8 ,mde, Jl` hc dlc rapf Hcnawc,


3/72

89Yaxjpc} do pfcEjxalc ]ank Xdj`J }fayrxcmk al pfc ]dspf Mfalj ]cj

j`vjlmc} Mfalj} cecxbalb oacn` do

sl`cxrjpcx jxmfjcdndbq

HQ NJSXCL FANBCX]

8? Fa``cl ]mclc}do j Xdqjn MdsxpPfaxpq qcjx} jopcx pfcq rcxc oax}p

bnaey}c`. esxjn} xcvcjn j vahxjlp

naoc al jlmaclp Ycxs

HQ XDBCX JPRDD@

=9Pc Càhnc ]cj}mjycJ xccvjnsjpadl do cva`clmc jndlb

Ldxpf Jecxamj} rc}pcxl mdj}p

}fdr} fdr ap} cjxnac}p alfjhapjlp}

ejljbc` pfc }cj} xc}dsxmc}

HQ GS@C A]JHCNNJ

=0 @coclàlb jGslbnc Kalb`deLcrnq slmdvcxc` odxpaoamjpadl}

xcvcjn fdr jlmaclp Ejqj xsncx}

}pxsbbnc` odx rcjnpf jl` pcxxapdxq

HQ WJMF WDXAMF

=1 Ydeycaa} @cj`Xcaejbalc`Jl jxpa}p alpcxyxcp} pfc jlmaclp

mapq} ed}p cvdmjpavc jxpaojmp}

HQ GJXXCPP J, NDHCNN

08 C`bc do jl CeyaxcJl jlmaclp Jobfjl odxpxc}} doocx}

xjxc cva`clmc do Ycx}aj} odxbdppcl

cj}pcxl pcxxapdxac}

HQ JL@XCR NJRNCX

MDLPCLP]]CYPCEHCX$DMPDHCX 89::

_DNSEC ?0. LSEHCX 3

ocjpsxc}

=0 J ecehcx do pfc ]acxxj

Njmjl`dl Xcbadljn Jxmfjcdndbq

Yxdgcmp }sxvcq} pfc }apc do

Pcmdndpc. j }ejnn }cppnceclp

dsp}a`c pfc Ejqj mapq do Qjmfanjl,

:

Mdvcx7 Xcnaco do Kalb Hax` Gjbsjx A_

do Qjmfanjl. j Ejqj mapq al Ecamd.

}pjlàlb dvcx j mdlzscxc` clceq ndx`

GS]PAL KCXX


4/72

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:8

`cyjxpeclp}

Alpcxjmpavc @ab} Xcj` jhdsp pfc njpc}p à}mdvcxac}jp pfc Ealdjl }apc do Wdealpfd} al mclpxjn Mxcpc,

]pjq al Pdsmf _a}ap Ojmchddk pd hcmdec j oxacl` doJXMFJCDNDBQdx odnndr s} dl Prappcx jp Ijxmfjcdndbqejb

dl pfc rch rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb

Jxmfjcdndbamjn Lcr} oxde jxdsl` pfcrdxn`sy`jpc` hq : Y,E, CP cvcxq rcck`jq, Jl`

}abl sy odx dsx c%Sy`jpc }d qds `dlp ea}} j pfalb,

:?

0 Càpdx} Ncppcx

? Oxde pfc Yxc}a`clp

6 Ncppcx}@chjpalb Csxdycjl }cppncx} xabfp pd mfjxjmpcxawc

Js}pxjnaj j} ran cxlc}} jl` xcmxcjpalb yj}p

pcmfldndbac} rfcl pfc }ycm} fjvc hccl nd}p

1 Oxde pfc Pxclmfc}Jxmfjcdndba}p} yxdeyp j xc c}abl do Bcdxbc

Rj}falbpdl} bjx`cl. pfc xcmdvcxq do Hnjmkhcjx`}

jlmfdx. rfq Hxdlwc Jbc Bxcck a}njl`cx} hsxac`

hxdkcl bsxalc}. jl` j Ejqj 89:8 }ydancx

:?Rdxn` Xdsl`syJxpaojmp} pxjmk pfc haxpf do pfc Joxamjl%Jecxamjlea``nc mnj}}. fdr nnjej `slb }s}pjalc` pfc Almj}.

j oslbs} al Psp} pdeh. jl` à` pfc Lcjl`cxpfjn}

eccp pfcax cl` al pfc Jxmpam Maxmnc4

01 Ncppcx oxde _axbalajPfds}jl`} do c}mjyc` }njvc} ej`c j lcr naoc al

dlc do pfc rdxn`} ed}p slrcnmdealb ynjmc}

pfc Bxcjp @a}ejn ]rjeyodx j mfjlmc jp }cno%

`cpcxealjpadl

?6 JxpaojmpJ pdeh}pdlc pcnn} pfc :.699%qcjx%dn` }pdxq doj Xdejl bnjàjpdx ocnnc` hq j xco} hj` mjnn

1

?6


5/72

Slazsc jl` slxcycjpjhnc ox}p càpadl}. }pxampnq naeapc` pd 162 lsehcxc` jl` jspfclpamjpc` mdyac}

Pfc A}jhcnnj Hxcvajxq

Pfc Hxapa}f Nahxjxq. Ndl`dl NJ]PMDYAC]

LJEC ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, OJEANQ LJEC ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

J@@XC]] ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

MAPQ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, WAYMD@C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

MDSLPXQ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

C%EJAN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, PCN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Pfc A}jhcnnj Hxcvajxq

Hahnc do ]p, Ndsa}

Hddk do Fdsx} do GdjlljA do Mj}panc

Bxcjp Fdsx} do Jllcdo Hxappjlq

Hahnc Edxjna}cdo Ljync}

Pfc Jydmjnqy}c do :=:=

Oncea}f Jydmjnqy}c

]yncl`dx ]dna}

Pjmsalse ]jlapjpa}

Pxjmpjps} `c Fcxha}

_jnnjx` Jpnj}

Bclcxjn Mjpjndbsc

Al jmmdx`jlmc rapf pfc Ycx}dljn @jpj Yxdpcmpadl ncba}njpadl do ]yjal. qds jxc fcxchq ldpac`pfjp pfc alodxejpadl }sheappc` pd s} rann hc }pdxc` al j `jpjhj}c drlc` hq E, Edncaxd C apdx.],J,, ]smf alodxejpadl rann hc s}c` dlnq odx yxdmc}}alb qdsx xczsc}p jl` alodxealb qds do jlqjmpavapac} jl` doocx} hq pfc Edncaxd Bxdsy pfjp ejq hc do alpcxc}p pd qds, Qds ejq jecl`. mjlmcnjl` mdl}snp qdsx `jpj jp jlq paec hq rxapalb pd7 E, Edncaxd C apdx. ],J,. Pxjvc}cxj `c Bxjmaj.:2%8:. 9698: Hjxmcndlj. ]yjal,

J}kLDR odx j OXCC MJPJNDBSC jl` }jeync odnad} do pfc}c càpadl} jp rrr,edncaxd,mde$dlnalc dx nn al pfc mdsydl hcndr

Pxjvc}cxj `c Bxjmaj. :29698: Hjxmcndlj. ]yjal

EDNCAXD HDDK] MDXY, edncaxd,mde

edncaxd,mde$yxc}}edncaxd,mde$yò

Pcn, =93 6=: 016?

Pcn, =93 008 :36?Oj =93 008 :363

YNCJ]C ]CL@ EC A LODXEJPADL DL7

Jxmfjcdndbq _AAA, ::

Jl aeyxc}}avc md`c yjalpc` dx A}jhcnnj d Mj}panc. pfc zsccl rfd }ydl}dxc` Mdnsehs}à}mdvcxq d pfc Jecxamj} jl` `ccjpc` A}nje mdlzscxalb Bxjlj`j,

x0AOEBLH]N(CC,Px#HSO

x:]YRODHD@O"EHDCO]Px0G[OQx

ZHFOPHEEGEE_LGDHSOCx-Y_DCGDOLMYPPOCM]YVD

,Y]Y@@YEOHSAO]x"_EE@YEY_]@YLLODSH]WRYE_LO

MW Cna}j Xsaw ?DGRO]PGCHC $YLZE_SODPO CO,H

C]GCLabcn Edxbjl ?DGRO]PGSWYB$HLM]GCFOHDC

]mdp EmKcl`xamk -]GSGPA%GM]H]W

Jl dsp}pjlàlb ejls}mxayp do yccxnc}} hcjspq, Mdl%

mcavc` do j} pfc ed}p nssxads} Oncea}f hxcvajxq. cjmf

do ap} :90? yjbc} rj} ej}pcxosnnq yjalpc` hq pfc lc}p

Oncea}f jxpa}p},

Pjkc yxa`c al yd}}c}}alb j ed}p cmns}avc yacmc do

dsx fa}pdxq, Qds mjl ldr drl j pxsnq slazsc ej}pcx%

yacmc do ejls}mxayp annsealjpadl,


6/72


A}}sc} do ]mjnc

fa} a}}sc do Jxmfjcdndbq ek l pl 7 Jlpl p l h

l pp, Alvppl p yp l p lpkl pw pl l lp y e p hppe p rp vl p p

ll p lpp l Yp p El ]k X &y 89!, F. pNl F v l gp r zk el l yvpl yl l Ml. l p pp vl El @lp p,

Al P Ch ]y &y =9!. l rp G Ah yp pp rp le p h le k epl l p lprp p Lp Je lr hl lp pl ll h llp yy p el pyy l p , P ep llp pp4 O hl l pl ll,

E p vl p l _l lLp Ml Bp @e ]rey vl

e el. hp llp yllp pp%elp p p pelpl p y vr hp % lp eelp l e p ep lyph pp elh, Al Np%p Oe _l7 Jel X &y 01!.glp El Hkhl p p p,

@ll Gl Kle &y =0!. hl p W W. yv lr. l%y%r vl e p h wl hprlE l Bpe p lpl eyppvply hprl p llp E p Ql l Y L,

D . p e e, O e lr ylp vr l p llp Y%vl p, P Yl Cey pl plp y, Jl p lr hp l%

pll ep lpl l l hkl Hlw J l,Ol. p p l rk pp B ]ph. p l Yey @

Xel &y =1! h pv p Gpp J, Nh. r lvp p p lp ell p r jxpaojmp,

A r k p r hp r hl pe eyplpp , P p ?3p Jxmfjcdndbq pp l p Kl O y y, Kl r l hp l h l :111 p l àb. e yhpl l. l zk pk l ylhp p p

rl y ewl, F p lp ey l vv p yvlp lp v p p, Kl r h vl r l p p y. l A klr r r e rpl e p . p pe %l p. p ly. l pp y l w. Dlr pfjp} ,

C@APDX] NCPPCX

Càpdx al Mfaco

M _lpl

Ccmspavc Càpdx @cyspq Càpdx

Gpp J, Nh ]e ], Yp

]cladx Càpdx}

Lk ]relpl

W W

@c}abl @axcmpdx Càpdxajn J}}a}pjlp

Kl O El Blh Hlw

Mdlpxahspalb Càpdx}

X Jpr. Y Hl. Hh H.Jlr M. Hk C. Hl Ol.

@v O. e Brpw.]pyl F, Nkl. G , El.Gll Ylkrk. Fp Yl.

Jl E, F, ]p. L J ]hel

Mdxxc}ydl`clp}

Jpl7 Qll L, ]pvkkHlkk7 Kl Mp

Aeh7 E JlA7 Ep Epl

Ly7 E E

Y7 Hlpp JlXe7 Xhp Hpl.Bvll Npplw

Rlpl. @,M,7 ]l ]e

Yshna}fcx

Yp F

J}}dmajpc Yshna}fcx

Kvl Zll

Osnnneclp Ejljbcx

Kvl El

_amc Yxc}a`clp do ]jnc} jl` Ejxkcpalb

El @

@axcmpdx do Alpcbxjpc` ]jnc}

B E

Al}a`c ]jnc} Xcyxc}clpjpavc

Kl Ml

Rc}p Mdj}p Jmmdslp EjljbcxMlp NyypDk E By

lpIkey,e=8=%01=%8230

Maxmsnjpadl Mdl}snpjlp

B R. Mpl ]yp. Al,

Lcr}}pjl` Mdl}snpjlp

,G, Elp.Yh Lrpl Dp. NNM

Domc Ejljbcx

El Blh Hlw

O ypl zpl.lpp yplI,

Càpdxajn J`va}dxq Hdjx`

Ge Y, @. Cl F.

Xl Fk. Gl%Gz Fhl.Ek Nl. Xk G, EAlp.

]l Yk. Ge J, ]h.Kllp H, lk

]hypl zpl l l h lp p J.

]hypl ]v.Y,D, H 0==91: Ye Mp. ON =8:?0p &622! JXKQ%]SH &823%1268!.

hyplI,

JXMFJCDNDBQEJBJWALC

=?%=? == ]pp. Nl Al Mp. LQ :::9?p 2:6%028%=939 2:6%028%=93:

Mnjsàj _jnclpald

Càpdx al Mfaco

J xcmclpnq mdl}cxvc` esxjn yjalpalboxde pfc Ycxsvajl }apc do msyc


7/72

Pfc Fdnq Hahnc Al Ap} Dxabaljn Dx`cxa}jl cpxjdxàljxq Hahncslazsc al prd

rjq}, Oax}p.ap a} pfc dlnq mdeyncpcHahnc cvcx yshna}fc`rapf hdpf Dn`jl` Lcr c}pjeclp}pfjp jmms%xjpcnq dnndr} pfc dxabaljn mjldlamjndx ejls}mxayp dx`cxj} xcmdblawc` hqed}p }mfdnjx}, Al j`àpadl. dlmc pfcdxabaljn dx`cx d pfc 01 hahnamjn hddk}fj} hccl xc}pdxc`. pfc ]cvcl @ava}adl}d pfc Hahnc jxc jn}d xc%c}pjhna}fc`,Pc Dn` c}pjeclpmdlpjal}7 :! PcNjr. 8! Pc Yxdyfcp}. jl` =! PcRxapalb}, Pc Lcr c}pjeclpmdlpjal}70! Pc Bd}ycn} jl` Jmp}. 3! Pc Bcl%cxjn Cya}pnc}. ?! Pc Cya}pnc} d Yjsn.jl` 2! Pc Hddk d Xcvcnjpadl, Rapfpfa} xc}pdxjpadl pd pfc ox}p%mclpsxq

ejls}mxayp dx`cx. j ysxyd}csn `c}abl.}qeecpxq jl` }pdxq dr dx`cx d pfcHahnc hcmdec edxc xcjànq jyyjxclp,

Ap a} j nappnc%kldrl fa}pdxamjnojmppfjp pfc dxabaljn ejls}mxayp dx`cx dhdpf pfc Dn` jl` Lcr c}pjeclphddk} rj} jnpcxc` hq cjxnq mfsxmfjpfcx}, Pc Fdnq Hahnc Al Ap} Dxabaljn

]cmdl`. pfa} vcx}adl a} j lcrpxjl}njpadljl jmmsxjpc vcx}adl

pfjp xccmp} pfc pxsc ecjlalb d pfcdxabaljn Fchxcr jl` Bxcck rapf o%`cnapq jl` jmmsxjmq. }fdralb pfc slapqd ]mxaypsxc hcprccl pfc Dn` jl`Lcr c}pjeclp}, d`jq. al pfc jmcd xjeyjlp xcnabads} mdls}adl. pfd}crfd xcj` jl` }ps q pfc Clbna}f Hahnc`c}cxvc j zsjnapq pxjl}njpadl pfjp mjlhc pxs}pc`, Xcvacrcx Ncc ]yjxk}.rxapalb al XC_ejbjwalc. ldpc} pfa}Hahnc} `cma`c`nq mdl}cxvjpavc pfc%dndbq. rfamf xcyxc}clp} pfc hcnac} dj bxcjp lsehcx d Mfxa}pajl},

Pa} lcrDxabaljn Dx`cx _cx}adls}c} ed`cxl Clbna}f hsp xcpjal}pfc dxabaljn bxjmc. jmmsxjmq jl`

bxjl`csx d pfc Kalb Gjec} _cx}adljl` cnaealjpc} jxmfjam pcxe} xdepfc Ea``nc Jbc} }smf j} pfcc. pfds.bfd}p. fjpf jl` }fjnp,

Almns`c` jxc vapjn mdeeclpjxac}yxdvaàlb jmmsxjpc jmmdslp} d pfcfa}pdxq. mjldlawjpadl jl` yxc}cxvj%padl d pfc hddk} d pfc Hahnc7 Rfd

Fdr ndlb rj} Fc al pfc pdeh4 Rfclrj} Fc xc}sxxcmpc`4 Rfjp `dc} ap ecjlpd hc hdxl jbjal4 Rfjp jxc rdxk} dnjr4 Rfjp jxc pfc pxsc pcjmfalb} d pfccjxnq jyd}pdnam Lcr c}pjeclp Mfsxmfpfjp Gc}s} dsl`c`4 Jn}d.hahnamjnjl` fa}pdxamjn mfxdldndbac} }fdr jljmmsxjpc paecnalc xde pfc mxcjpadl dJ`je jl` Cvc pd pfc yxc}clp, Pcxc jxc`cpjanc` ddpldpc} jl` ejxbaljn xccx%clmc} cynjalalb fjx`%pd%sl`cx}pjl`yj}}jbc} d ]mxaypsxc,

Rapf :.0=8 yjbc}. Pc Fdnq Hahnc AlAp} Dxabaljn Dx`cxa} dlnq :%=$6 almfc}pfamkjl` ecj}sxc} 6%:$0 hq :9%:$8almfc}, Pc bclsalc fjl`mxjpc`njeh}kal mdvcxcjpsxc} bdn` }pjeyc`ncppcxalb, Pc yjycx a} fabf%zsjnapqOxclmf Hahnc yjycx rapf ban`c` c`bc},

Pc yjbc} jxc cj}q pd psxl jl` `d ldp

}pamk pdbcpfcx, Pc Hahnc jn}d cjpsxc}ra`c ejxbal} dx ldpc%pjkalb. jl`j mclpcx mdnsel rapf }cncmpc`xccxclmc}. rdx` colapadl} jl`jnpcxljpc xcl`cxalb} dx vjxads} kcqrdx`}, Ap mdec} al j fabfnq `sxjhncyxc}clpjpadl hd. hcjspasnnq j`dxlc`rapf dxabaljnjxprdxk,

Dpfcx Ocjpsxc}7X3 .-'/I!$&3!.38,.I/!&*33 /-3H"=,(I%,-,(?33 33 %'-&I%,-,(3&3*/$MX Hcjspasn dxabaljn jxprdxk

d pfc ceync al Gc}s} paecX3 bg3!""&,.=3(',.%X33 -83(.!&!/!*-%X3 fk3''&-%X33 .-!$%3"'%

Pd dx`cx mjnn:%699%638%6=0?

dx ejan mdsydl pd

MclpsxqDlc Hddk}::: ]dspf Dxjlbc Bxdvc Hnv`, ]sapc =99%JX

Yj}j`clj. MJ 1::93Yxcvacr Dlnalc7 rrr,DxabaljnHahncXc}pdxc`,mde

Dx cxalmns`c} mdeeclpjxac} pfjp pxjmcyxcma}cnq fdr pfc Hahnc cxxdlcds}nqmjec pd hc al ap} yxc}clp ??%hddkdxejpxcvcjnalb fdr jl` rfq ap}hddk} rcxc eq}pcxads}nq xcyd}apadlc`xde pfcax dxabaljn dx`cx hq dsxpf%mclpsxq càpdx},

rxdpc pfce4 Rfcl rcxc pfcq rxappcl4Rfcl rcxc pfcq mjldlawc` jl` hqrfde4 Dpfcx mdeeclpjxac} jl`jyyclàmc} jl}rcx mxapamjn zsc}padl}}smf j}7 Rfcl rj} Gc}s} hdxl4 Fdrà` Gc}s} Mfxa}p snonn pfc Njr jl` pfcYxdyfcp}4 Rfcl rj} Gc}s} mxsmaoc`4

Kalb Gjec} A&:3?2%:?83!

LjecTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

J``xc}} TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Mapq]pjpcWayTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Ld, Dx`cxc TTTTT I $TTTTTT + $1 cjmf odx ]/F Pdpjn $TTTTTTTTTTTTT

MfcmkEdlcq Dx`cx clmnd}c` Yncj}c hann eq mxcàp m

EM _A]J JECV @A]M

MM- TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Cvy, TTT TT

]abljpsxcTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT ]cm Md`c TTTTTTTTTT$1 ]/F, MJ xc}a`clp} yncj}c j`` 1,23# }jnc} pjv

TTT $::1,39@cnsvc Njeh}kal TTT $:81,39Naeapc` Càpadl Mjno}

2 2 3 3 X N A P C X J X Q H C J S P Q

Pfa} Dxabaljn Dx`cx _cx}adlHahncrann xcpjan al hddk}pdxc} odx $:?1,13.hsp xcj`cx} do Jxmfjcdndbq mjl drlpfa} fabf%zsjnapq. hc}p%}cnnalb Hahncodx gs}p $11,39,

Alpcxljpadljn ]dmacpq do Hahnc Mdnncmpdx}7

CVMCNNCLP PXJL]NJPADL FABFNQ XCMDEECL@

Pfa} lcr }cmdl` càpadl do pfc Dxabaljn Dx`cx Hahnc a} ldr

jvjanjhnc al 8 }pqnc}7

}SXHc}p%]cnnalb$CNSVCNjeh}kal #@APADLRAPF-S]PDE9XC]CLPJPADL (DVYAMPSXC@

}LCR*Gs}p Jxxavc`, ]ycmajnNaeapc` CàpadlBclsalc NcjpfcxMjno}kal. rapf dxabaljn jxprdxknjealjpc` Yxc}clpjpadl Hd

$:81,39


8/72

Odx ejlq jxmfjcdndba}p} jl` v. r o

] yy o y h r Hs]yrk o, Hs. oo A. o gsr v :116, J y s o oy. w y. v ys yy Mys o %s @r v h o%, N or A v vy v o, S. ?=.999 hg r o h. r v o ]y o o o , J h o sh o o h s . o r. o o o v h s r r y O B o J Js E, ]k B &y o o ss s ]! ]yrk7

s E R,Js yys A zsk . o ]hCy. v y. o yo . h sy yrk o. s hs yy hv v r o o o v,Or r ky o r v yy s o y. r. , P h o v hr M sr J s @, Yy v s v s s ,

A s . J As o J y h. . , P JAJ yy h o o v hh o y , R syy ]

o y s. h s. h , R s y w y o o h s ,

]h s h y o yrk o v . o r o v y o r ss , F o s r s y vs yrk, P s sy h h ss o s ysh hs yss, P vs o rk o , A . . o s%h vs hs yh y o y o s s ,

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:?

OXDE PFC YXC]A@CLP

Cnawjhcpf Hjxpejl

Yxc}a`clp. Jxmfjcdndbamjn Al}papspc do Jecxamj

JxmfjcdndbamjnAl}papspc doJecxamj

N H Sv

DOOAMCX]

Yxc}a`clp

Cwh H

Oax}p _amc Yxc}a`clp

Jr E

_amc Yxc}a`clp odx C`smjpadl jl` Dspxcjmf

E ]s

_amc Yxc}a`clp odx Yxdoc}}adljn Xc}ydl}ahanapac}

]h F

_amc Yxc}a`clp odx Yshnamjpadl}

G Qs

_amc Yxc}a`clp odx ]dmacpac}

E

Pxcj}sxcx

H G, Fk

Mfaco Ccmspavc Dooamcx

Y F

Mfaco Dycxjpalb Dooamcx

Kv Zs

BD_CXLALB HDJX@

]s JkE Jh

M JM J

Hh H@v Hv

Ns MNr Mh

Gs Fw @kE CF OB BG F

]h FN G

Goo NN NXh N

Cwh Es%NrY E]y E

L L. ooC YrYs XJ ]

R ]sB ]rw

M ]@s

Ms _. oo] R

J R

G G, Qk

Yj}p Yxc}a`clp

M, H X

Pxs}pcc} Cecxapa

L KrM ], NO

Bclcxjn Mdsl}cn

E C. Cz.]sv / Mr. NNY

Jxmfjcdndbamjn Al}papspc doJecxamj?3? H ] H. EJ 988:3%899?

rrr,,

P H ]yrk


9/72

@c}ablc` pd eccp pfc `cejl` odx naocndlb

ncjxlalb. Pfc Bxcjp Mdsx}c} a} j fabfnq

ydysnjx }cxac} do js`ad jl` va`cd ncmpsxc} nc`

hq pdy yxdoc}}dx} jl` cycxp}, Cjmf do dsx

edxc pfjl =99 mdsx}c} a} jl alpcnncmpsjnnq

clbjbalb cycxaclmc pfjp rann mfjlbc fdr

qds pfalk jhdsp pfc rdxn`, ]almc :119.dvcx 1 eannadl mdsx}c} fjvc hccl }dn`,

NAE

APC@PAECDO

OCX

29#doo

DX@CXHQLD_CEH

CX :

0

Cycxaclmc pfcRdl`cx}do Jlmaclp XdecXdec rj} pfc bxcjpc}p ceyaxc do jlpazsapq. qcp dlnq jhdsp: al :9 do ap} mapawcl} rj} napcxjpc, Fdr rj} Xdec jhnc pd}smmc}}osnnq mdeeslamjpc ap} ydnapamjn jl` msnpsxjn vjnsc}4

Al Cvycxaclmalb Xdec7 J _a}sjn Cvyndxjpadl do Jlpazsapq}

Bxcjpc}p Ceyaxc. Yxdoc}}dx ]pcvcl N, Psmkljec` j Slavcx}apq@a}palbsa}fc` ]mfdnjx jp Eajea Slavcx}apqdoocx} qds j slazscrjq pd cyndxc pfc msnpsxjn ec}}jbc} mdlpjalc` al }ycmpjmnc} jl`}pxsmpsxc} nakc mfjxadp xjmc}. aeycxajn odxse}. xcnabads} pceync}.eanapjxq odxp}. jl` edxc, Ocjpsxalb edxc pfjl :.999 va}sjn}.pfc}c =? ncmpsxc} jxc j njva}f ncjxlalb cycxaclmc jl` jlslodxbcppjhnc rjq pd sl`cx}pjl` jl` jyyxcmajpc Xdec}cl`sxalb msnpsxjn ncbjmq,

Do vy :::0::

:%699%6=8%80:8rrr,pfcbxcjpmdsx}c},mde3jx

@_@ $=20,13LDR $11,13+$:3 ]fayyalb. Yxdmc}}alb. jl` Naocpaec ]jpa}ojmpadl Bsjxjlpcc

Yq M`7 3:092

]J_C $823

Cvyll X7 J _a}sjn Cyndxjpadl doJlpazsapq} Bxcjpc}p CeyaxcMdsx}c ld, =0=9 ~ =? ncmpsxc} &=9 ealspc}ncmpsxc!

Cvycxaclmalb Xdec7J _a}sjn Cyndxjpadl doJlpazsapq} Bxcjpc}p Ceyaxc

Pbf h Ydod ] N, Pmkeajea slavcx}apq

ncmpsxc papnc}:, XdJ ]ymmn Mnwd

8, J Ho ] do f Xd Cy

=, Ydr. Mdz. ` Xdwd

0, Pyfn Ydmd_md Y`

3, Ayn Ynm

?, Pf Xd Fd]ym ` @mdd

2, Xd Fd Bk Ynm

6, Ydy Fd ` Bk Ef

1, Xn. ]mm. _dr. ` Y

:9, ]m. Pyn. ` Xnbd Xn

::, Xd Cn On

:8, Od XdPf Md do f M

:=, @f d @yn AJyff

:0, @f d @yn AABn`d

:3, @f d @yn AAABn`dn Mdh

:?, @f d @yn A_Jn F

:2, @f d @yn _Yd Cmd

:6, @f d @yn _AMf E`d

:1, ]nn Pdr ]ymmnB Ydy

89, Jzm @yn

8:, Xd MmJ od Mfd Xmb

88, J @ f Xm

8=, Pf ` Yn

80, Cyd Yod

83, Ayn OdYdr ` Ydnm Xd

8?, Ayn Jmf. Mdn. ` Ed

82, Ayn Hf Xd]y od f E

86, Xd CbbNkb f Rdn`

81, Xd En Od ` Odmd

=9, Ab do RoXd

En Ed

=:, Xd Mdnd]nn Xd

=8, Ndmn Hf ` Xd Hfb Mn

==, Xd FhdNn Ed

=0, Yb A Jnn Pdbf AJ @ Ydy

=3, Yb A Jnn Pdbf AAJ @ Xd

=?, Mdmnd ` f Ab do Cy


10/72


NCPPCX]

Js}pxjnaj} Dmmsyac`

Ran`cxlc}}

]jeax ], Yjpcn} oj}maljpalb jxpamncJs}pxjnaj} ]fjmknc` Yadlccx} & Gsnq$Jsbs}p 89::! xcocx} pd Js}pxjnaj jppfc paec do x}p Csxdycjl }cppnc%eclp j} jl jnacl ran`cxlc}}, Dl dlc

fjl`. pfc jxxavalb Hxapa}f yxa}dlcx}zsapc nakcnq vacrc` pfcax lcr fdec al}dec }smf pcxe}, Dl pfc dpfcx fjl`.mjnnalb j ynjmc jl slpcljlpc` ran`cx%lc}} bjvc ncbjn gs}pamjpadl pd }cawalbnjl` rapfdsp xcbjx` odx alàbclds}ycdync}, Pc Hxapa}f Ceyaxc jyynac`pfa} pfcdxq al Ldxpf Jecxamj j} rcnnj} al Js}pxjnaj, Al ld mj}c a` ljpavcycdync} }cc pfcax fdecnjl` j} ran`cx%lc}}. jl` oxde ld ydalp do vacr rj}Js}pxjnaj} }pjps} j} ran`cxlc}} }ae%

ync ojmp. j} Yjpcn} yfxj}alb aeynac},Gjec} Psxlcx

Slavcx}apq do Ldpxc @jec

Ldpxc @jec. AL

@cyspq Càpdx ]jeax ], Yjpcnxc}ydl`}7 @x, sxlcx} ydalp a} rcnnpjkcl, Al`cc`. Js}pxjnaj} ljpavc ycdyncfj` dmmsyac` jl` ejljbc` pfc mdlpa%lclp} njl`}mjyc odx pcl} do pfds}jl`}do qcjx} hcodxc pfc jxxavjn do Csxdycjl},Pcxc a} jn}d j }sh}pjlpajn hd`q do napcxj%

psxc dl pfcax alpcxjmpadl rapf mdlvamp}&almnsàlb pfc cpcxealjpadl do ljpavc}oxde j}ejlaj. j nappnc%kldrl fdxxdxdo pfc Hxapa}f Ceyaxc!. jl` fdr pfcqhcmjec j }ablamjlp yjxp do pfc ycljn

ydysnjpadl al Js}pxjnaj odnndralb pfccl` do mdlvamp pxjl}ydxpjpadl, Odx pfc

ysxyd}c} do pfa} }pdxq. A odms}c` dl pfcClbna}f }a`c do pfc ycxad`. j} pfjp a}rfcxc pfc jxmfjcdndbq ncj`}, J} j xc}snp.pfc s}c do j yfxj}c }smf j} jnacl ran`cx%lc}} rj} al`cc` alpcl`c` pd hc xcyxc%

}clpjpavc do pfc jxxavalb Clbna}f ycx}ycm%pavc. jl` ldp pd àeala}f pfc Jhdxabalc}dx }sbbc}p pfjp pfc njl` rj} sldmmsyac`,

JXMFJCDNDBQ rcnmdec} ejan oxde

xcj`cx}, Yncj}c j``xc}} qdsx mdeeclp}

pd JXMFJCDNDBQ. =?%=? ==x` ]pxccp.

Ndlb A}njl` Mapq. LQ :::9?. oj 2:6%028%

=93:. dx c%ejan ncppcx}Ijxmfjcdndbq,dxb,

Pfc càpdx} xc}cxvc pfc xabfp pd càp

}sheappc` ejpcxajn, _dnsec yxcmns`c}

dsx jmkldrnc`balb alàva`sjn ncppcx},

@abapjn @abbalb

Fjvalb ysp sy j slavcx}apq à}ynjq dlpfc Fa}pdxq do Mdeyspalb @cvamc}.fjvalb s}c` `cvamc} hj}c` dl hdpfpfc ?699 }cxac} jl` ?398 mfay}. jl`fjvalb dlc }dec yfdpdnapfdbxjyfq&dlc do pfc yxaec pcmflazsc} s}c`

al mdl}pxsmpalb pfc}c mfay}!. A odsl`Lakfan ]rjealjpfjl} jxpamnc @ab%balb Alpd cmfldndbq} Yj}p & Gsnq$Jsbs}p 89::! oj}maljpalb, A rj} ldp}sxyxa}c` pfjp pfc dxabaljn }mfc%ejpam} odx pfc mfay jxc nd}pejlq`dmseclp} oxde pfc aeecàjpcnqyxc%àbapjn cxj jxc nakcnq pd à}jyycjxao rc jxc ldp mjxcosn, A kldr. eq}cno.do jxmfavc} rfcxc pfc yjycx} }jvc`jxc capfcx ej}pcx} dx yxalp} oxde dn`hnsc àppd ejmfalc}. hdpf do rfamf

`cbxj`c dvcx paec jl` rapf xcycjpc`mdyqalb, Pjlk} odx pfc hqpc alpd pfcxcmclp yj}p,

Yjsn @dnjl

Ldxpfcj}pcxl Annalda} Slavcx}apq

Mfamjbd. AN

A rj} vcxq fjyyq pd xcj` pfc jxpamncdl pfc ?398 mdeyspcx mfay, A s}c`jnn pfc `cvamc} qds eclpadlc` al qdsxjxpamnc. c}ycmajnnq pfc Mdeed`dxc?0, Al pfc njpc :169}. j oxacl` jl` A

xjl prd do pfc ed}p ydysnjx HsnncpalHdjx` ]q}pce} al Ydxpnjl` dl dsxMdeed`dxc, A fj` ld a`cj pfjpalodxejpadl jhdsp jl cncmpxdlam`cvamc mdsn` hc }d dh}msxc, Ardsn` fjvc pfdsbfp pfjp jnn do pfcmdeyjlac} alvdnvc`. almnsàlb pfcejlsojmpsxcx. rdsn` fjvc pfc }ycm},J} j ndvcx do }maclmc jl` }maclmcmpadl A je bnj` pd }cc pfa} mxd}}dvcxdo à}maynalc},

]pcyfcl Y, ]scnwnc

Ydxpnjl`. DX

Mdxxcmpadl

Al @abbalb Alpd cmfldndbq} Yj}p.rc almdxxcmpnq a`clpac` Eddxc}Njr j} }pjpalb pfjp pfc lsehcx dopxjl}a}pdx} dl j mfay rdsn` `dshnccvcxq qcjx, Al ojmp. Eddxc} Njr }pjpc}pfc lsehcx do pxjl}a}pdx} rdsn``dshnc cvcxq prd qcjx},

.!:&=!&.(!/!*-/&,.@a}mdvcx pfc Yj}p. ]fjxc pfc J`vclpsxc

M]P

8931=02%39

CVMCYPADLJN ]MFDNJX]

699,088,6123rrr,mxdrmjlqdl,dxb$pxjvcn

Jxmfjcdndbq Pxjvcn J`vclpsxc}

@a}mdvcx yd}}ahnc mdllcmpadl} hcprcclMfjmd jl` pfc Fdya ycdync rapf @x, Brall_avajl jl` Eamjf Ndejdevjqj,

Mfjmd jl` pfcFdya Yschnd Rdxn`

Cyndxc pfc }ablaomjlmc d psxzsda}c al

Jecxamjl Alàjl msnpsxc rapf Gdc jl` Mal`qPjllcx jl` jrjx`%rallalb ljpavc jxpa}p},

Psxzsda}c al ]dspfrc}pcxlFa}pdxq. Jxp. jl` Msnpsxc

EJQ ?:8. 89:8

EJQ :=:1. 89:8

Bcppalb jfcj`

al jxmfjcdndbq

Bcp jfcj`. bcp al pdsmf

rrr,nc,jm,sk$jxmfjcdndbq

]mfddn do Jxmfjcdndbq

jl` Jlmaclp Fa}pdxq

@a}pjlmc Ncjxlalb

@a}pjlmc ncjxlalb ecjl} qds mjl jmfacvc jl

jmj`ceam zsjnamjpadl rapfdsp pjkalb j mjxccx

hxcjk, Ncamc}pcx a} ldp dlnq dlc do pfc SK} pdy

dl%mjeys} jxmfjcdndbq }mfddn} hsp jn}d dlc do

pfc njxbc}p yxdva`cx} do à}pjlmc ncjxlalb

c`smjpadl al pfc SK, Rc fjvc dvcx 89 qcjx}

cycxaclmc jl` edxc pfjl :6.999 à}pjlmc

ncjxlalb bxj`sjpc},

Dsx EJ al Jxmfjcdndbq / Fcxapjbc a} jmmcypc`

j} j zsjnamjpadl odx ecehcx} do XdYJ jl` rc

fjvc j xjlbc do dpfcx mdsx}c} oxde

alpxd`smpdxq pd osnn HJ jl` xc}cjxmf cbxcc},


11/72


12/72

OXDE PFC PXCLMFC]

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89::9

:9%odd%ra` ds `l l` dsl` a ae,

Ra nd rl` d ldr rnl ma Raldl ` msna%v`. hs a l, Jlnqa dodnnl l` qdna &eamdmdam

anam mqn no hal` hq malnl! alàm` dan re` hq l dvhsl`lm do mnq.d Ra mdsn`l nn ram nldsn` h , R ann al dm do lnqwal dan meaq

`. hs a mnq mdll mll dhne. Ra q, Mnq l maàm F ram rq eamdmdam dnnl al, ]d a adeal od oss s`q,

Lddl nl` h`

nnq ra r rannae. l%`dl. vadn. l` d drsdslàl dr do vhnmhh. dladl. hl. l` ed,Slan Ra a hn d edalodeadl ode dan. mr

Edsl _ldl rdl ldr ao q a, Raldl àa l`raal. vaad mmdsl. `l% rnq d. l` al%mlsq `lal hdd hl dav s ams do dr `l

ndd`. nal, Pl m%dndq dva`` s ra hanaqd `gs odms l` d q. J*Bd Raldl S B`l a r al :211,

Ejxbjxcp ]fjkc}ycjxc

Pfc Pmfcoslmpc &yxdldslmc`

mfj%OSLK%psf! Xavcx

Nabfpfds}c a} j fa}pdxam }pxsmpsxc

pfjp }ap} dl Njkc Ydlpmfjxpxjal

lcjx pfc edspf do pfc PmfcoslmpcXavcx al Ejà}dlvannc. Ndsa}ajlj.

03 eanc} ldxpf do Lcr Dxncjl},

Hsanp al :6=2 pd fcny bsa`c hdjp

pxjooam alpd pfc xavcx. ap fj}

}sxvavc` pfc Mavan Rjx &pfdsbf ap

rj} xchsanp!. fsxxamjlc}. jbc. jl`

j edvceclp pd jspdejpadl, Pfa}

kcq yacmc do Ndsa}ajlj} ljspamjn

fa}pdxq a} }pann al dycxjpadl. hsp

pfc njl` ap }ap} dl a} jn}d do bxcjp

alpcxc}p, Jl`xcj Rfapc do pfc

Bxcjpcx Lcr Dxncjl} Jxmfjcdndbq

Yxdbxje jp pfc Slavcx}apq do Lcr

Dxncjl} xcmclpnq mdl`smpc` pfc oax}p

jxmfjcdndbamjn pc}palb jp pfc }apc,

Pfc }apc jl` jxmfjcdndbq Pfc

hsanàlb }apc ap}cno. pfdsbf ydysnjx

rapf nabfpfds}c clpfs}aj}p}. a} mnd}c`

pd va}apdx} hcmjs}c do mdlmcxl}

jhdsp vjl`jna}e, Hsp ap a} cj}anq

}ccl hq hdjp jl` oxde }dec do pfc

}sxxdslàlb njl`jl` al pfc fap 8996

ne. Pfc Msxads} Mj}c do Hclgjeal

Hsppdl, Al }seecx 8991. Rfapc

jl` Gjq Ejxpal. odxecx àxcmpdx

do pfc Njkc Ydlpmfjxpxjal Hj}al

Ejxapaec Es}cse. jndlb rapf

`dwcl} do vdnslpccx} jl` }ps`clp}.

}sxvcqc` pfc jxcj, Pfc jxcj jxdsl`pfc nabfpfds}c fj} hccl yddxnq

sl`cx}pdd` jxmfjcdndbamjnnq slpan

vcxq xcmclpnq. }jq} Rfapc, Pfdsbf

pfc njl`}mjyc fj} hccl fcjvanq

à}psxhc` hq rjpcx jl` rcjpfcx.

pfc pcje odsl` jxmfjcdndbamjn

cva`clmc }yjllalb edxc pfjl

8.999 qcjx} do dmmsyjpadloxde

pfc cjxnq prclpacpf mclpsxq.

rfcl pfc }apc almns`c` j kccycx}

mdppjbc. hjmk alpd yxcfa}pdxq.

rfcl Ljpavc Jecxamjl} s}c` ap

j} j }cj}dljn mjey pd fjxvc}p

}fcnn}f jl` dpfcx jzsjpam }ycmac},

Pfc l`} almns`c` hdlc hsppdl}.

ydppcxq. jl` }pdlc pddn} jl` ydalp},

Jedlb pfce rj} j fjl`%yjalpc`

}fcx` rapf j @spmf ejxapaec edpao.

rfamf ejq fjvc hcndlbc` pd Fjxxq

Hxdsrcx. nabfpfds}c kccycx oxde

:1:6 pd :189. rfd rj} hdxl al pfc

Lcpfcxnjl`},

Rfanc qds jxc pfcxc Pfc nj}p

kccycx} mdppjbc dl pfc }apc rj}

edvc` pd pfc Njkc Ydlpmfjxpxjal

Hj}al Ejxapaec Es}cse al

Ejà}dlvannc. rfamf ocjpsxc}

alodxejpadl jl` jxpaojmp} oxdemclpsxac} do ljspamjn fa}pdxq al pfc

jxcj, Pfcxc jxc ynclpq do fdpcn} al

pdrl jl` xc}pjsxjlp} jndlb pfc

xavcxhc }sxc pd }jeync pfc njkc

mxjh} jl` ydhdq}, Jl` al ea`%

Dmpdhcx. pfc pdrl fd}p} j mdndxosn

Rdd`cl Hdjp Oc}pavjn, Pfjp a}

jn}d Ndsa}ajlj} Jxmfjcdndbq

Edlpfpfa} qcjx} pfcec a} pfc Mavan

Rjxrapf j vjxacpq do jmpavapac} jl`

ncmpsxc} jmxd}} pfc }pjpc,

EJNAL BXSLHCXB HJLQJ]W

Oal`} jp pfc Pmfcoslmpc Xavcx

Nabfpfds}c almns`c pfa} fjl`%

yjalpc` }fcx` rapf j @spmf

ejxapaec edpao,


13/72

OXDE PFC PXCLMFC]

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb ::

J

`lb p Eql}p@v` ]psp. ncl`}c rq} o blwlb

s cycclc cnpvc p pcyccvc` ecl}e} o pcrn` l` pc }e} } rnc,Ap } yc}ycpvc pp ekc}p c}c p yycpc r pclclp Eq s}c` qnc} opec p cynl pc rklb} opc }e}. l` n} rq }ec`cclp} o Lcr Jbc cnblhcncvc rn`%cl`lb pnq}e} elb l @ccehc 8:. 89:8.rcl pc ppcclp hjkpsl.

099%qc nlb yc` l pc Eqncl`. ec} p l cl`,]psp} hk. Pfc Dx`cx do @jq}7

Pfc Ejqj Rdxn` jl` pfc PxspfJhdsp 89:8 &$80,99. Felq!.} lp `cp cosppl o pcvs} l` brlb lsehc one} hsp p} npc}p y}}hncynqy}c, Ap } l}pc` l ccnnclplp`spl p pc cnbnc` l` rn`vcr o pclclp Eq. }ecplb pp

]psp } }ps`c` n}cnq }lc }n`` rcl c eylc`} cnb}p opc. Bcbc. ppc }pc} c cvpc`, ]psp s}c}pc h` yysn lpcc}p l 89:8} l yypslpq p lp`scnq s`clc} p lpc}o Eq ncl`}, Fc n}yv`c} psb slplbo pc cnbn cv`clcsl`cylllb } rk,

Pcc } l psn Eq

yycq pp pc rn` rnn cl`l 89:8. `lb p ]psp, Hspc v`} pklb p p}k pc LcrJbc yycp} r ne pcq klrhcppc. p nc}p slpn pc n}p ypc.rcc } c}ycpl }pp} p}r, Rcpc qs hcncvc. }}ec o pc ec spbcs}yc`pl} lpcl`. pp l:88::8 Cp rnn ppl }ec}p o bnp nbleclp. pppc sel c rnn c lcr

]almc :16=. Ojx Fdxawdl}fj} hccl `c}ablalb slazscapalcxjxac} nc` hq xcldrlc`

}mfdnjx} odx }ejnn bxdsy}

do }dyfa}pamjpc` pxjvcncx}rfd `c}axc j `ccycxkldrnc`bc do hdpf

yj}p jl` navalb msnpsxc},

PFC EJQJ

Mdyl pd Mfamfamj}pcljlbdRapf Yxdoc}}dx Ejppfcr Nddycx

Ldvcehcx : % :=. 89::

MCLPXJN ECVAMD

Vjnjyj. Mjmjvpnj. PcdpafsjmjlRapf @x, Kfxa}pjjl _anncnj

Ldvcehcx 3 % :8. 89::

CBQYP

Rapf Yxdoc}}dx Hdh HxacxLdvcehcx 3 % :1. 89::

Ochxsjxq 8? % Ejxmf ::. 89:8

]DSPF AL@AJ

Gjlsjxq : % :6. 89:8

LDXPF AL@AJ

Gjlsjxq 1 % 8=. 89:8

HCNAWCGjlsjxq 2 % :3. 89:8

CJ]PCX A]NJL@

Rapf @x, ]a`}cn Eanncx}peGjlsjxq =: % Ochxsjxq ::. 89:8

MJYAPJN MAPAC] DO PFC

JLMACLP EJQJ

Ejxmf : % ::. 89:8

CPFADYAJ

Rapf @x, Malwaj YcxnalbacxaJyxan : % :3. 89:8

jl` esmf edxc*

Psxkcq Gdx`jl Mqyxs} / EjnpjAxjl Mfalj Bxccmc Edlbdnaj

]amanq ]ank Xdj` Md}pj XamjYcxs ]mdpnjl` Hdnavaj Clbnjl`

GDSXlcq alpd pfc fcjxp do Fa}pdxq

MJEHD@AJ

/NJD]Rapf@x,@jeajlCvjl}

Gjlsjxq3%8:.89:8

]S@JL

RapfYxdoc}}dxHdhHxacx

Gjl8:%Och0.89:8

O C JP S X C @

G D S X L CQ ]

GDSXlcq alpd pfc fcjxp do Fa}pdxq

:%699%338%0323 rrr,ojxfdxawdl},mde

ncvcn o cvnspl. pp pc cpqZscpwnpn &lcvc el` pp cr} Jwpc! rnn ec p Cp. p }

}oc p yc`p pp ]psp} hk rnnlp hc pc n}p r` l pc cl` o

pc rn`, Frcvc. } clbblbcynlpl} o lclp l` e`clEq snpsn hcnco} rnn ekc

p} vnshnc hk lp 89:= l`hcql`, Wjmf Wdxamf

HDDK XC_ACR

89:87 ]ydanalb pfc Cl`alb


14/72

OXDE PFC PXCLMFC]

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89::8

Els } y%v`lb b}} r lr rq y

l}}h y} o h} o rll klb}. l l Cbqy} BYq` o Ksos l` l Eq q o Ylzs l }slE,

Al Cbqy. h qlb o%h ` 8:=%o gs%lq sb l b%l%}zs}o `} o lll` o Zsl} Mh, Ph yb}}` sl r} hk`hq }l , P yq`

} o os }o}, P lb%lb } yg } }syy}` y }l}} obs s rysy} q }v`. hs } o } lq }` lr zs}l}, Ph} r} h ysb l ` l` kyby} vlb r yyyl} r sv` `} l` }bqy lsh} yl` hs0.399 q} b l }y hrl ` l` }l` y o %

hs} y } sl}h, Lr. yby} v v` h ll} g` l` }o} } r } hk%l%` ryllb} `ylb } llobs}, P h yhhq hlb` l o q s} o }l` } sbq :.399 q} b

Wjmf Wdxamf

Hnjmkhcjx }Jlmfdx

J Ycck Al}a`c Prd ]cmxcp Mfjehcx}

Qs l` hb l }y hbh, P} l l ::o o lb rl. l

2,3 o o osk osk. l` } 8.999ysl`}r} lq o` oo }y%rk lr lo` v hl ZscclJllc} Xcvclbc. ob}y o ls}y Hkh` &Hkh` ]so}.E$Jy 8996!, A} } o l zs l o} syo } } o &r . vl b.l} l hr!. r r} }v%` l :11? l 89 o o r or }o L Ml }, P ll o }l` l` }l l}lb l l } kq ` vl ol`}. hs r k os ov q} ol}vl l hlb s,

]jeax ], Yjpc

}l } hk} }o, Pysy} o yl} l` lsh}} } slklrl,

Al E. hl yq`l` Py 89. r}r` l h sb }%l%r` r} ` hqb}} l :111, Pq ` lhl h sll l h

Pfc @gc`a Yxdgcmp xdhdp. }fdrl hcndr. rj}

}ycmaoamjnnq c}ablc` pd cvyndxc pfc 6%almf%

}zsjxc }fjop} al pfc Bxcjp Yqxjea` do Kfsos,


15/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb :=

@cp cv`clc pp cvcn} pchcv o pc sel c}cnc}p lc}p} } hccl nn

hsp ey}}hnc o ynclpyn%b}p} p ol`, Lr. rcvc. }ps`c} ocen }pyc} l pp clecn cyv`lb lcr nlc} o cv`clc l%cllb pc nvc} o cnq ell}, J}pp clecn oe} slb pc o}pcbp qc} o noc. p h}h} cen}

oe pc o` l` rpc pp ycyncl}sec l`. l`cpnq. oe pchc`k l pc c rcc pcq c}`c,Pp cen }blpsc yv`c} leyplp c` o l l`v`sn}noc. r }n} c lr ncllbp c`, Pr cclp }pyc }ps`c} clblb ynclpynb}p} sl`c%}pl`lb o ell} r nvc`sbnq 8,8 p :,0 ennl qc} b,

J }ps`q yshn}c` l Yxdmcc`alb}do pfc Ljpadljn Jmj`ceq do ]maclmc}

celc` pc eslp} o hl}pyc} l pr Yjxjlpfxdys} hda}capccp oe c}pcl Jo, Mhl}pyc} cvcn `cpn} hsp `cp.l` pc c}c }rc` pp pc}cl`v`sn} `lc` l b}}c} l`}c`bc}, Ycvs}nq. Y, hda}ca ` hccllklec` Lspkc El hcs}cynclpynb}p} hcncvc` pc}ycc} nbc pccp l` yrcosn gr}rcc l cvnsplq `yppl pcplb ` o`},

HDXJ WKK $ Msnpsxjn Odnk Pdsx} ==x qcjx

Odx j oxcc hxdmfsxc / @_@ MJNN7

Rch}apc7 rrr,msnpsxjnodnkpdsx},mde:%699%1=3%6623

C%ejan7 pdsxalodIhdxjdwkdk,mde

Jnn PSXKCQ PDSX] RANN ]PJQ JP HDXJ] MJYYJ@DMAJ MJ_C ]SAPC]*RRR,MJYYJ@DMAJMJ_C]SAPC],MDEMJ Xcb - 89::0:2%09

YNS] ]QXAJ &Yjneqxj!. GDX@JL &Ycpxj!. NCHJLDL &Hjjnhcmk!. Ep, Lcexsp.Bhckna Pcyc. Fjxxjl jl edxc OCXPANC MXC]MCLP PDSX] AL PSXKCQ Doocxalb zsjnapq pdsx} rapf bxcjp odd`. yfdpd

dyy},. pfc hc}p bsa`c}. cmcnnclp fdpcn}. hs}c}

jl` ejlq ycdync%pd%ycdync cvclp},

Dsx odms} a} dl msnpsxc. fa}pdxq. es}am.

odnkndxc jl` jxmfjcdndbq,

PSXKCQ

J ed}p slazsc. nsvsxads}

hdspazsc fdpcn al Psxkcq*

J }cl` }ps`q. yshn}c` l pcgsln Ljpsxc. ec}sc` }plpse}pyc} l pc pccp oJs}pxjnd%

yapfcms} joxamjls} l` Yjxjlpfxdys}xdhs}ps} oe }spcl Jo,

]plpse }pyc} ooc cv`clco pc hc`k l l l`v`sn}cnq ec c hcs}c ynlp} l`rpc h}h }plpse oe pchc`k. r } pcl h}hc` hqpp clecn, P} }ps`q }rc`pp ocenc} o hp }ycc} pcl`c`

p br sy l c} rp `ooc%clp pqyc o hc`k pl pc ync}rcc pc pccp rcc snpepcnqosl`, Pc ol`lb sn` l`pcpp ocenc} ncop pc }n bsy}pcq rcc hl lp l` evc`rq p nvc rp pc epc},

Pc eg eyp o p}c}c } nc}} p ` rp pcc}snp} o pc pr }ps`c} l` ecp rp yv`lb ynclp%ynb}p} rp lcr c}c pn.

`lb p pc Slvc}pq o Mn%`} Eppcr ]ylcec. rpk yp l hp ygcp}, Ao rc lhc ncvc clsb. rc ebp hc hncp c}bl rq} p bcp p lpcc}plbhcv} pp ` }ccec` ocvcn}p. c }q}, Wjmf Wdxamf

Pddpf}dec Cva`clmc

Mdeyjxc` pd pfc pccpf al pfc

ed`cxl fsejl }ksnn. xabfp.

Yjxjlpfxdys} hda}cafj` ej}}avc

pccpf pfjp }maclpa}p} ldr hcnacvc

rcxc s}c` odx mfcralb bxj}}c},


16/72

ODSL@* JECXAMJ] CNS]A_C ]AN_CX@DNNJX*

Rfcl pfc Gjyjlc}c alvj`c` pfc YfanayyalcA}njl`} `sxalb Rdxn` Rjx AA. pfds}jl`} doS,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx} rcxc fa``cljrjq al j }cmxcp mjmfc pd yxcvclp pfce oxdeojnnalb alpd pfc fjl`} do pfc clceq,

Xcmclpnq. j mjlvj} hjb oannc` rapf mdal}oxde pfc mjmfc }sxojmc` al Ejlanj, Ap rj}aeecàjpcnq doocxc` pd dsx hsqcx hcmjs}cdo dsx }pjps} al pfc mdal al`s}pxq,

J} fc dyclc` pfc hjb. dlc hq dlc. fc odsl`399 S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx}pfcmdal} fc` fcjx` }pdxac} do* Pfc}c rcxcPc` q Xdd}cvcnp ]anvcx @dnnjx}. pfcdlnq ]anvcx @dnnjx mxcjpc` `sxalbPfcd`dxc Xdd}cvcnp} yxc}a`clmq*

Fjx` pd Fslp @drlPfa} }mjxmcnq }ccl S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx@dnnjx rj} a}}sc` oxde :192 pd :1:8.hsp a} ea}}alb oxde vaxpsjnnq cvcxq S,],]anvcx @dnnjx mdnncmpadl, Al ojmp. ejlq

mdnncmpdx} `dlp cvcl kldr ap ca}p}* Ap rj}}pxsmk jp pfc xcldrlc` ]jl Oxjlma}md Ealpodx s}c dlnq al pfc Yfanayyalc}. j S,], Pcxxa%pdxq jp pfc paec, ]j`nq. eannadl} do pfc mdal}rcxc nd}p dvcx pfc qcjx} dx ecnpc` `drl odxpfcax }anvcx mdlpclp. jl` vcxq ocr ej`cpfcax rjq hjmk pd pfc Slapc` ]pjpc}, Ap}c}paejpc` pfjp nc}} pfjl :9 ycxmclp dopfc}c mdal} xcejal*

]anvcx Ncbjmq doPc``q Xdd}cvcnp

Al pfc Rfapc Fds}c oxde :19: pd :191.Xdd}cvcnp hcnacvc` al Jecxamj} `c}palqj} j rdxn` ydrcx, Fa} coodxp} nc` pd

hsanàlb pfc YjljejMjljn. cnaealjpalb pfc`xcjòsn qcnndr ocvcx alpfc Yfanayyalc}. Mshj.jl` Yscxpd Xamd jl` fcny%alb cl` j rjx hcprcclXs}}aj jl` Gjyjl. odxrfamf fc rj} pfc oax}p Jecxamjl pd hc

jrjx`c` pfc Ldhcn Ycjmc Yxawc,

J Hab. Hcjspaosn ]anvcx @dnnjxPfc S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx a} j}xsbbc` j} pfc dn` Xdsbf Xa`cx fae}cno,Ap rcabf} j fcopq 89 bxje} jl` fj} j:,=2%almf àjecpcx, Pfc mdal fj} joalclc}} do ,699 }anvcx,

Nj`q Nahcxpq a} ocjpsxc` dl pfc oxdlp dopfc mdal. }qehdnawalb pfc odxbalb do jlcr pcxxapdxq, Pfc hjmk `cyamp} jl cjbnc}pjlàlb yxds`nq jpdy j S,], }facn`,

_jnsjhnc Mdal} jp j

Dlc%Paec%Dlnq YxamcDlnq jopcx rcck} mdehalb pfc S,], mdalejxkcp à` rc oal` cvcl dlc `cjncx }cnnalbpfc S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjxodx$01,13, Hsp pfjlk} pd à}mdvcxq do pfa}fdjx`. qds mjl drl pfc S,], Pcxxapdxajn]anvcx @dnnjx odx j} nappnc j} $=1,13 cjmf&yns} ]/F!,

Xa}k%Oxcc Fdec PxajnQdsx }jpa}ojmpadl a} j}}sxc` hq dsx =9%@jqEdlcq%Hjmk Bsjxjlpcc, Drl pfc S,],Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx odx j osnn edlpf,Ao qds jxc ldp :99# }jpa}oac`. }aeynq xcpsxlpfc mdal hq al}sxc` ejan jl` al pfc mdlàpadl

qds xcmcavc` ap. odx j osnn xcosl` &nc}} ]/F!,

Yncj}c ldpc pfjp qdsx ]anvcx @dnnjx rann hc`jpc` hcprccl :192 jl` :1:8 hsp rc mjlldpfdldx xczsc}p} odx j yjxpamsnjx jpc,

S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx$00,13 &yns} ]/F!

Hsq Edxc jl` ]jvc*Oavc S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx}$8:0,23 &yns} ]/F! ]J_C $:9

Pcl S,], Pcxxapdxajn ]anvcx @dnnjx}$=11,39 &yns} ]/F! ]J_C $39

@dlp @cnjq*Rc fjvc ocrcx pfjl 399 S,], Pcxxapdxajn

]anvcx @dnnjx}mcxpjalnq ldp cldsbf pdeccp pfc `cejl` do :00 eannadl S,], mdalmdnncmpdx}* Rc cycmp pd }cnn dsp zsamknq,Pd jvda` à}jyydalpeclp. jmp ldr*

Pdnn%Oxcc 80 fdsx} j `jq:%699%12=%=96=

Yxdedpadljn Md`c PS]:33%90Yncj}c eclpadl pfa} md`c rfcl qds mjnn,

:0:9: ]dspfmxd}} @xavc R,. @cyp, PS]:33%90Hsxl}vannc. Eallc}dpj 33==2

rrr,BdvEalp,mde

Pc``q Xdd}cvcnp ]anvcx @dnnjx}Mdec Fdec Oxde Dn` S,], Pcxxapdxq

Njxbcx pfjljmpsjn }awc do =3 ee

Pfc ]jl Oxjlma}md] ealpejxk

Yxamc} jl` jvjanjhanapq }shgcmp pd mfjlbc rapfdsp ldpamc, Ldpc7 BdvEalp,mde a} j yxavjpc à}pxahspdx do rdxn`ra`c bdvcxleclp mdal a}}sc} jl a} ldp jo%oanajpc rapf pfc Slapc ]pjpc} bdvcxleclp, Ojmp} jl oabsxc} rcxc `ccec jmmsxjpc j} do Gjlsjxq 89::, BdvEalp,mde. 89::


17/72

OXDE PFC PXCLMFC]

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb :3

Jlr lpyppl o

vl o yvsnqlbep Hlw Jb psnplb oe 8699 p 8=99 h,m, feb, Mnl Xlor o pfSlvpq o Meb p vppf Bk nl o K l pfMqn l :1?= l osl. elbpf pop p fvnq npp. obelp o en bsl,Al pf :129. nb zslppq okl Mqn bslyp opf %nn K Fe

lp pf lpzsp ekp.yllb pf eqpq o rfl lrfq pfq r kl, Cpf elqo pf bsl pkl oe pfnl l pf nop l yn rkl q np epflblpnq lp f bl l,

Al :162. Xlor blvplb l v pfp pfobsl kb r llpl np, Yvsnq. lppvl o pf obsl f

blnnq l osl l nq Hlw

Jb bv, ]l pf r lvl o sn en fyl K. pf sbbp pf obslf l kl nrf lpfl plyp p pf nl,Xlor l f pe pslp K l 899?, Hq vplbl slnp p 039 op spf opf bln. pfq v pfpelb pf fsl o obelposl. lnq enn lse epflq pf, Ospf. pf lse

o obsl obelp osl lK o pf lse orfn obsl osl l nn pfMqn nl, f pn Xlorpfp pf obelp esp fv leyp o yn ysy,F lns pfp K. rpf plpn npl. r psn p, Ape pf nl r klbpf obsl op pf s%no rv l lblb obelp rpfpfe p K,

Dl @fkn. enn. kq np

yp oe K q lrflln. vp osl pfel o ppnelp rpf nlbfnn. ynq s bspfs.rf vp ebfp fv pq,P nl pfl pvn p Ko pf elq o sqlb pfobelp, Jnpfsbf psn lp opf kl fv l osl l pfMqn nl. pf l ypnn pf q 8.999 q, Koslpl qen ppp.

rpf vp eklb yynbeb p yp pf ynobelpq pop. q Xlor,P r n pvpq rnn psn pvpq, F . ]len bsl oslpl bvb l pf Mqn ep. req lo pfp pf psn l Kf bll nplb p pfno sp no. pf. l yfypf fop,

Gc}}amj Rdd`jx`

Yacmc} do j Hxdlwc Jbc Yswwnc


18/72

RDXN@ XDSL@SY

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89::?

EJXQNJL@7 Dlbdalb ab} al fa}pdxam

Jlljydna} jxc xcvcjnalb pfc haxpf do

pfc Joxamjl%Jecxamjl ea``nc mnj}} al

pfc :1pf mclpsxq, Pjhncrjxc oxde pfc

fdec do Gjec} Fdnna`jq. j oxcc`

}njvc rfd rdxkc` jp pfc S,], Ljvjn

Jmj`ceq. }fdr} pfjp fa} ojeanq rj}

xcnjpavcnq rcnn%doo, Nakc rfapc ojea%

nac}. pfcq ysxmfj}c` ydxmcnjal. hsp.

ycxfjy} hcmjs}c do oaljlmajn naeapj%

padl}. al }ejnn zsjlpapac}, Hdppnc}

}sbbc}p pfcq

rcxc }cno%

ecàmjpalb.

j mdeedl

yxjmpamc

jedlb

Joxamjl

Jecxamjl}

pfcl. rfd

njmkc`

jmmc}} pd

yxdoc}}adljn

mjxc al pfc

}pann%}cbxc%

bjpc` mapq,

CLBNJL@7 Jxmfjcdndba}p} abbalb al

pfc bjx`cl do C`rjx` Gcllcxpfc

ncbcl`jxq }maclpa}p mxcàpc` rapf

mxcjpalb pfc }ejnnyd vjmmalcfjvc

à}mdvcxc` j Xdejl dx }sh%Xdejl

hsxajn, Pfcq fj` yxcvads}nq slmdv%

cxc` pfc xcejal} do jl 6pf%mclpsxq

Jlbnd%]jdl edlj}pcxq jl` j à}%

}cmpc` db dl pfc }apc. rfcxc Gcllcx

ej`c ejlq kcq dh}cxvjpadl} jhdsp

pfc ljpsxjn rdxn`, Pfc lcr oal`

ys}fc} pfc fa}pdxq do pfc bjx`cl.

mdl}a`cxc` pfc haxpfynjmc do aees%

ldndbq jl` yshnam fcjnpf. hjmk hq

fsl`xc`} do qcjx},

YCXS7 Al Njkc Ejxmjmdmfj.

}maclpa}p} fjvc à}mdvcxc` jkcq pd pfc xa}c do Almj mavana%

wjpadl7 nnjej `slb, Al njkc

}càeclp}. ejawc ydnncl

jyycjx} jxdsl` 8.299 qcjx}

jbd. jndlb rapf j xa}c al

eapc} pfjp occ` dl jlaejn

`slbmdalmaàlb rapf pfc

cjxnac}p }pjbc} do Jl`cjl

mfaco`de}, Pfc ocxpanawcx

rdsn` fjvc hccl aeydxpjlp odx pfc msnpavjpadl do

ejawc jp fabf jnpaps`c. rfamf nc` pd odd` }sxyns}%

c} pfjp fcnyc` oscn mdeync }dmacpac},

]S@JL7 ]ps`q do edxc pfjl 899

Lshajl eseeac} }fdr} pfjp pfc}c

jlmaclp ycdync }pxsbbnc` rapf }mfa}%

pd}deaj}a}. j rjpcx%hdxlc à}cj}cmjs}c` hq yjxj}apam rdxe} pfjp }pann

alocmp} eannadl} do ycdync pd`jq, Pfc

}ps`q nddkc` jp eseeac} oxde prd

ydysnjpadl} hcprccl :.999 jl`

:.399 qcjx} dn`dlc pfjp yxjmpamc`

axxabjpadl jbxamsnpsxc jl` dlc pfjp

à` ldp, Pfd}c rfd yxjmpamc` axxabj%

padl rcxc jned}p pfxcc paec} j} nakc%

nq pd hc alocmpc`. rfamf }fdr} fdr

fsejl jnpcxjpadl do pfc clvaxdleclp

fj} fcnyc` }yxcj` pfc à}cj}c,

CBQYP7 ]ydp} dl pfc yjalpc` rjnn} do Pspjlkfjesl}

pdeh. ndlb j eq}pcxq pd jxmfjcdndba}p}. eabfp hc cva%

`clmc do j fj}pq hsxajn, Pfc }ydp} rcxc yxdhjhnq

mjs}c` hq oslbs}. hsp pfcq jyyjxclpnq fjvc ldp

mfjlbc` }almc pfc pdeh rj} dyclc` al :188,

Pfcxcodxc. pfcq nakcnq `jpc pd pfc nj}p paec pfcxc rj}

eda}psxc al pfc pdehrfcl pfc hdq kalb rj} oax}p hsx%

ac` al :=8= H,M, Ap a} yd}}ahnc pfjp pfc yjalp dl pfc rjnn

rj} ldp qcp xq rfcl pfc pdeh rj} }cjnc`}syydxp%

alb pfc pfcdxq pfjp fc ac` slcycmpc`nq,

APJNQ7 Al j 8l`%mclps%

xq J,@, Xdejl rxcmk

mdlpjalalb jeyfd%

xjc osnn do yxd%

mc}}c` oa}f. avcx}

fjvc à}mdvcxc`

cva`clmc do j navc

rcnn pd kccy oa}f

oxc}f sxalb pxjl}%

ydxp, Xc}cjxmfcx}

hcnacvc j onjlbc`

ncj` yayc odsl`

lcjx pfc }fay} kccn

rj} mdllcmpc` pd j

ysey pd hxalb }cjrj%

pcx jhdjx`, Fa}pdxamjn

pcp} }sbbc}p pfc

jlmaclp Xdejl} pxj`%

c` al navc oa}f. hsp pfa}

a} pfc oax}p yfq}amjn

cva`clmc do

pfc yxjmpamc,

Xc}cjxmfcx}

ynjl pd

xcmdl}pxsmp

pfc `cvamc,

%mclps%

xcmk

fd%

cx}

vc

f

l}%

x}

`

kccn

pd j

}cjrj%

dxamjn

c

} pxj %

sp pfa}

amjn


19/72

:2

Hq ]jeax ], Yjpcn

XS]]AJ7 Rj} pfc nj}p xc`dshp

do Lcjl`cxpfjn} lcjx pfc

Jxmpam Maxmnc4 Al pfc ldxpfcxl

Sxjn Edslpjal}. jxmfjcdnd%

ba}p} fjvc à}mdvcxc`

Eds}pcxajl }pdlc pddn}

jl` hspmfcxc` eje%

edpf hdlc}. rfamf jxc

j}}dmajpc` rapf

Lcjl`cxpfjn} al Csxdyc

&pfdsbf ed`cxl fsejl}

al }dspfrc}p J}aj s}c`

}aeanjx pcmfldndbq!, Pfc

jxpaojmp} jxc jpc` pd

86.399 qcjx} jbd.

6.999 qcjx} jopcx

Lcjl`cxpfjn} jxc pfdsbfp

pd fjvc a}jyycjxc`. }sb%

bc}palb pfjp }dec ej}%

pcxc` navalb al mdn` clvaxdl%

eclp} jl` fcn` dl ndlb jopcx

ed`cxl fsejl} fj` s}sxyc`

pfc xc}p do pfcax xjlbc,

GDX@JL7 Jp Rjà Ojqljl.

cmjvjpadl} do j }apc hcndlbalb pd

pfc Yxc%Ydppcxq Lcdnapfam J msnpsxc

}sbbc}p pfjp pfc oax}p hsanàlb}

rcxclp lcmc}}jxanq fdec} dx xapsjn

}yjmc}hsp xjpfcx mdeeslapq

mclpcx} odx }fjxc` rdxk, Jl dvjn%

}fjyc` es` hsanàlb jp pfc }apc.

rfamf `jpc} pd dvcx ::.999 qcjx}

jbd. fj` edxpjx} }cp alpd pfc onddx.

ycxfjy} pd yxdmc}} msnpavjpc` ran`

ynjlp}, Jxmfjcdndba}p} hcnacvc pfcxc

rj} nappnc a}palmpadl hcprccl

`dec}pam jl` xapsjn }yjmc}, ]smf

àva}adl} rdsn` mdec njpcx.

jndlb}a`c pfc j`vclp do jbxamsnpsxc,

AL@AJ7 @ab} lcjx pfc jlmaclp ydxp do

Esmaxa jxc clxamfalb pfc yampsxc do

hxa}k cjxnq pxj`c hcprccl pfc }pjpc

do Kcxjnj jl` Xdejl jl` Lcjx

Cj}pcxl msnpsxc}, @jpalb pd jxdsl`

8.999 qcjx} jbd. pfc oal`} almns`c

Xdejl ydppcxq &almnsàlb rfjp

jyycjx} pd hc j pdancp! jl` bnj}}. j}

rcnn j} axdl jl` mdyycx ljan}. jl`pcxxjmdppj njey}. }yal`nc}. jl` pdq},

Pfcq jxc cva`clmc do dlc do pfc oax}p

jppceyp} jp dxbjlawc` pxj`c

hcprccl Csxdyc. Joxamj. jl` J}aj,

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb

Mxsa}c pd mnj}}amjnmavanawjpadl} jhdjx`

Jcbcjl D`q}}cqjl` à}mdvcx pfcoj}maljpalb fa}pdxq.jxp jl` msnpsxc} dopfc Ecàpcxxjlcjl.

J`xajpam. Jcbcjljl` Hnjmk ]cj,

'Yxamc a} ycx ycx}dl. `dshnc dmmsyjlmq. mjp L,Oxcc pd $:11 Jax &jl` pxjl}ocx}!jyynamjhnc rapf mxsa}c%pdsx ysxmfj}c dlnq jl` `dc} ldp almns`c bdvcxleclp pjc}.

occ} jl jaxnalc oscn }sxmfjxbc},Jnn doocx} jxc }shgcmp pd jvjanjhanapq. mjyjmapqmdlpxdnnc` jl` ejq hc rapf`xjrl jp jlq paec,]fay} Xcba}pxq7Ejnpj,

_DQJBC] PDJLPAZSAPQ

Mjnn7 699%206%?8?8Cejan7 jajI}ps`qpdsx},dxb Rch}apc7 jajpdsx},dxb

89:8

HXDMFSXC

DSP LDR

Mjnn :%622%=16%:0?9_a}aprrr,vdqjbc}pdjlpazsapq,mde

_DQJBC] PDJLPAZSAPQ

89:8

Ojxc} oxde $=.239yyalmns`c7

]FDXC CVMSX]ADL]

YXC% JL@ YD]P%MXSA]CFDPCN ]PJQ]

BXJPSAPAC]

RALC RAPF @ALLCX

CVYCXP NCMPSXCYXDBXJE OCJPSXALBJAJ NCMPSXCX]

YNS] ODX 89:8

LCR @C]PALJPADL]almnsàlb fa}pdxam }apc}al Oxjlmc jl` ]yjal

OXCC PD $:11 JAXoxde dvcx ?9 LdxpfJecxamjl bjpcrjq}

LCR WCJNJL@7 Lalcpcclpf%mclpsxq

Ejdxa fa}pdxq a} rxappcl al pfc @LJ

do ndlb%`cj` kara hax`}, Yxawc`

mndjk} do kara ocjpfcx}

rcxc rdxl alpd hjppnc,Pfc bclcpam ejpcxajn

yxc}cxvc` al edxc pfjl

:99 mndjk} al es}cse mdnncmpadl}.

jndlb}a`c @LJ oxde ed`cxl hax`}.

fj} a`clpaoac` pfc }ejnn jxcj rfcxc

pfc mndjk pxjàpadl ejq fjvc jxa}cl.

jl` }sbbc}p} pfjp j yxcvads}nq

sl`dmseclpc` pxj`c al ocjpfcx}

bxcr jopcx alpcxlcmalc rjx} hxdkc

sy pxjàpadljn bxdsy} al pfc cjxnq

yjxp do pfc mclpsxq,

s

cxl

%

l%

pcx


20/72


21/72


22/72

Gs}p doo pfc mdj}p xl Mal anl Ll. l h nn Ljl Pajl}fsl. Malxnba Ma Qlb a lnq ann alb l k,F a lx xl xyxy hxb. nlalbal xa xavx ran vxql n l hhn xl ae, Xxx al ra l l

yn al rx, Rxkx hk l x. ynnalb

l xy ayyx al l, ]el rl xr qbl lk, N q x. l%kavaa hxnq e xbax ra xnba, Falal a 19 rl. l he ] Mal], P xa xkn ra xyx xe a avx l rxk Ealb @qlq yax ay,

Le Ll Lehx Dl. rxk Ma avalb na nlb x l Mal a%xal xbx lxq Exal ]ank X, @xalbMal qq exaae yrx xalb l xnqx ]lb @qlq &j,`, 1?9:821!. x ryynx ra xx h yxl lbx xe. xn%

alb al xan lkl ay, P Ll rxk a yx lhll xx ny y vnyel Mal lxrx xnbq. aaynal ra hxnq 89qx axq al lxq. l lxb xlwq lr lxrx val,

Al a nax rxk Ll Lehx Dl a laz,A a lnq klrl rxk xe n Ealb @qlq,Jxnba ae ay an hrl :32= l:?89. yxa rl Mal xl alrx. hllexaae eex. l hbl aeln a l%bx, Al lx ae. vn rn v hl exlay. nnralb hq x x, H rl Mal n

a x l k. exaae x l eex heyaxq l ebbnalb, D annq. Ll ay lvx nv hl al rxa r naknq evalb nlb


J }fayrxcmk al pfc ]dspf Mfalj ]cj j`vjlmc}

Mfalj} cecxbalb cn` do sl`cxrjpcx jxmfjcdndbq hq Njsxcl Fanbcx}


23/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb 8:

anncbjnnq, Ap} mjlldl}. ldr fjno%hsxac` al pfc es` jp pfc hdppde do pfc ]dspf Mfalj

]cj. rdsn` fjvc hccl lcmc}}jxq odx cocl}c,Pc Ljljd }fay a} j xjxc l`. hsp ap} ojpc a} j ojeanajx dlc al pfa} yjxp do pfcdmcjl, Pa} a} j `jlbcxds} yj}}jbc. }jq} Msa, J} pfc hdjp }lsmk jndlb pfc mdj}p.}decpfalb. rfcpfcx hj` rcjpfcx dx fa``cl xdmk}. mjs}c` ap pd }alk jl` `cyd}ap ap}ndj` do mdlpxjhjl`mcxjeam}. mdyycx mdal}. jl` axdlrjxcdlpd pfc }cj ddx, Pcrcjpfcx mjl hc hj`. Msa }jq} j} pfc ral` yamk} sy jxdsl` fa} drl hdjp, Jl`. dvcxpfcxc. pfcxc jxc xdmk} qds mjlp }cc,

Pc cmjvjpadl do pfc Ljljd jl` pjnc} do j Ealb @qlj}pq yaxjpc }fay fjvc nsxc`j xdpjpalb mj}p do gdsxljna}p} pd pfc cmjvjpadl }apc, Msa fj} bxdrl jmms}pdec` pdpfc jppclpadl, Jp 01. fc a} dlc do Mfalj} x}p bclcxjpadl do sl`cxrjpcx jxmfjcdnd%ba}p} jl`. rapf j xsl do fabf%yxdnc rxcmk `a}mdvcxac}. fc a} pfc ed}p xcmdblawjhncojmc al jl j}mcl`jlp `a}maynalc, Dl pfc `cmk do pfc Ljl Pajl}fsl. fdrcvcx. Msa a}

Pfc Ljl Pajl}fsl. Mfalj}

yxaejxq sl`cxrjpcxcmjvjpadl vc}}cn. a} hcalb

s}c` pd cyndxc pfc xcejal}

do j Ealb @qlj}pq yaxjpc }fay

pfjp `coac` pfc mdslpxq} hjl

dl ejxapaec mdeecxmc al pfc

:?pf jl` :2pf mclpsxac},


24/72


Dl vdl ey}. xdndb}} v nn` l x }ysn }`} d hd dlls. l` q }e Lld xsl} xdsl` 19 xde hd d }xl,

P Lld }lk eds d yxsnxnq lbxds}x d x, A }} ldxxl `b d yx}l%`qBslb`dlb Yxdvl. lx lxl d }x hl d}} d Ml l` l, qyddl} xzsl

y}}b l` dsn` hnd }y}Elb @ql}q yx v}}nl` vdl hxb} nkld ``l xdk} dx }e}e ndlb d},

Cvdl} } edv yl}klbnq }ndnq, Hs}d y d }. xdsl` 19 dl. vx } dlnnnd` 83 els} hdde l` dlnq dl v `q, A }dxe }. dx l` } }eynq dd b. ld dl `v}P}. }q} Ms. blxnnq xsn} ds n`dxk ll edld qx, Jl` vl dl bdd` `q}. } dlxl` dx }q d } vx}, Pq }l` l yx} l` ky nd} hdl hdde e, Ms } zsk d ydl ds dl d LjPajl}fsl} kq sx} `deyx}}dl ehx,

@}y nnlb}. Ms} e } eklb yxdbx}}N} qx } bdd` qx. Ms }q}, R ` snn :99 `qd v, @sxlb e. }q}. xdndb}xxv` edx l :9.999 y} d ydxnl xde }ddx, P} qx dy} d xxv nn xellb yxde }y} }dx},

fc ojmp pfjp Lld xk } lq x nn } }el d `xeldl d Elb@ql}q hs}l}}el, Hd} sb qlb hl

dl exe x` dsn` h }sn` l` x x} xdll gn, P} `xxl} `` ld ky Lld exl

}d%}ydkl l` de l y%dy}, Dlnq k} d bxql } x hxq } b l`. yxy}. }x}} d } gdh. }q}, Rxk} nk Lld. ``}. ny x e`l` lx} bdvxlel sl`lb, Hs lx}` yd%}sx n}d x} nddx} l` ``} yx}}sx, A } `nhnllb } v}hn l deeddl dl LjlPajl}fsl, Gdsxln}} l `k }d} yk x q xsnnqxdsb }k` dqbl lk}. n hdx`x yxdn d x}l bs} l` dxlb n gk} }l` ldl dxlx} d hd, P bdvxlel } bvlb s} edlq d`d vdl}. }d }dsn` h hn d }d ydyn

yxdbx}} x eklb. Ms ynl}, Jxdndb}} vd nxl d d gsbbn } lb},

Rapf ocr yxl` sl`xx xdnd%b}} dxk l Ml d`q. Ms } hdel nnl gsbbnx, F } }nn dxklb dl

yxvds} l` l x} x` xydx} xde Lld A}nl`l 8992, ]de ndn }xel x ysnnlb Elb @ql}qydxnl ds d dl, A kl } xk. Ms }q},Px x }d elq x} xde }e yxd` hlbkl xde }e }yd l dl, Rl xxv` }nl` l` e` } x} `v. Lld } yxdv`

hx l ` ebl`, P xk } sls}snnq nnyx}xv` l` dl`dl} x bdd` dx vlb, A }`y. hs x } nx l` es` hdde d dl }d l` elbhn, A bd nskq. }q},

Ms} vdl e } bvl yxe}}dl d hbl`bblb d qx} bd. l` }l l } }yl } ese } x yxe} dlb hdv Lld LsehxDl, Jx dl vdl }}dl. lxnq n xk }yd}`, P dy k} v hl dxl q. hs } hnnq n}sl`}sxh`. dxl` ndlb ldx}ds nl, d sxv}d dd` x yd}` dx` }xl. eelb l xd} dydxnl hdn}. ynx}. l` sy}. elq }nn }k` lnq,

Pfc rxcmk kldrl j} Ljljd Lsehcx Dlc mdlpjalc` edx

pfjl :9.999 yacmc} do Ealb @qlj}pq ydxmcnjal. esmf do ap }pa

}pjmkc` odx pxjl}ydxp


25/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb 8=

`drlpfcq }aeynq hcmjec }esbbncx}, Pc hjl rj} xcbs%njxnq abldxc` al }dspfcxl Mfalj. }jq} Rs Mfdlbealb. jmdnncjbsc do Msa} rfd pcjmfc} jp pfc Ejxapaec Jxmfjcdn%

dbq Xc}cjxmf Mclpcx jp Vajecl Slavcx}apq al Osgajl, ]decfa}pdxajl} pfcdxawc pfjp pfc hjl dl alpcxljpadljn pxj`c rj}dxabaljnnq alpcl`c` pd }pjxvc almxcj}albnq hdn` Gjyjlc}cyaxjpc}, Xjpfcx pfjl bavc sy pfc hs}alc}}. Mfalc}c ecxmfjlp}psxlc` pd yaxjmq pfce}cnvc}hdpf }esbbnalb jl` xjaàlb,Pc Mfalc}c }pann mjnnc` }esbbncx} jl` xja`cx} rdkds. j`cxdbjpdxq pcxe odx Gjyjlc}c yaxjpc}. hsp gs}p j ocr qcjx} alpdpfc hjl. Mfalc}c yaxjpc} fj` pjkcl dvcx pfc ]dspf Mfalj ]cj,Pcxc a} j }jqalb al Mfalc}c. }jq} Rs, Rfcl pfc ejxkcpmnd}c}. jnn pfc hs}alc}}ecl hcmdec }esbbncx},

Pc yacmc} Msa} pcje jxc hxalbalb sy rcxc nakcnq ldppfc ed}p vjnsjhnc apce} dlhdjx`. cynjal} Msa, Pcq rcxc

yxdhjhnq. al ojmp. jl jopcxpfdsbfp odx pfc Ealb @qlj}pq}esbbncx}, Ap rj} yxdhjhnq hjnnj}p. }jq} Msa, Dpfcx mjxbd.}smf j} pcj dx pfc }pxalb} do mdyycx mdal} pfjp fjvc hcclodsl` dl pfc rxcmk. rdsn` fjvc hccl pfc }fay} xcjn pxcj}sxc,Pc jxmfjcdndba}p} fjvc slmdvcxc` }dec dxbjlam ejpcxajn.Msa }jq}. hsp fjvclp }shgcmpc` ap pd pc}palb qcp, Pdsbf pfcqà`lp fdn` esmf edlcpjxq vjnsc pfcl. pd`jq pfc ydxmcnjalyacmc} jxc yxamcnc}} odx `cpcxealalb pfc dxabal jl` yxdhjhnc`c}paljpadl do pfc }fay,

J} }ddl j} Mfcl Fsj}fj. j xc}cjxmfcx oxde pfc HcagalbYjnjmc Es}cse. jxxavc} odx pfc cn` }cj}dl. pfc mxcr do pfcLjl Pajl}fsl ysnn} dsp mxjpc} do ydxmcnjal odx fcx pd }dxp

pfxdsbf, ]fc }aop} mjxcosnnq pfxdsbf pfc hnsc%jl`%rfapcyacmc}. cjmf mdvcxc` rapf bnjwc` drcx}. jlaejn}. jl` fsejlbsxc}, Mfcl. rfd fj} }yclp paec dl pfc Ljl Pajl}fsl odxprd qcjx} xsllalb. hcnacvc} pfc hsnk do pfc ydxmcnjal slmdv%cxc` mdec} oxde kanl} pfjp rcxc dycxjpalb al Mfalj} Osgajljl` Gajlba yxdvalmc}, Rfcl j}kc` fdr }fc mjl pcnn. Mfcl}jq}. Pcxc jxc mfjxjmpcxa}pam},

Mfcl }cncmp} j njxbc à}f pfjp }fdr} j rdejl ynsmkalb jdrcx, Pc xdsl` à}f. }fc cynjal}. xcyxc}clp} pfc eddl.jl` pfc rdejl }pjlàlb jp ap} mclpcx a} Mfjlbc. pfc eddlbd``c}} al Mfalc}c odnkndxc, Pc drcx. }fc }jq}. mdsn` fjvcpd `d rapf }smmc}} jp jl aeycxajn cjealjpadl. j yxdmc}} pfjp

rj} mjnnc` yamkalb drcx} jp pfc paec, Njpcx. Mfcl ysnn} dspj à}f `cmdxjpc` rapf pfc bsxc do j rdejl rapf j hdso%ojlp fjax`d, Fcx fjax nddk} nakc j drcx. Mfcl }jq}, Pa}rj} oj}fadljhnc jedlb xdqjn rdecl `sxalb pfc njpc Ealb@qlj}pq, Pc }shgcmp} dl pfc ydxmcnjal jxc }d mfjxjmpcxa}pa%mjnnq Mfalc}c pfjp Mfcl }s}ycmp} pfcq rcxc alpcl`c` odxdpfcx J}ajl ejxkcp}. }smf j} Gjyjl dx pfc Yfanayyalc},

Al j`àpadl pd ap} ydxmcnjal. Ljljd Lsehcx Dlc }pjl`}dsp odx ap} rcjydlxq, Vajecl Slavcx}apq} Rs }pdy} hq pfcLjl Pajl}fsl pd va}ap Msa jl` }cc odx fae}cno pfc Ljljd}hxdlwc mjlldl}. rfamf }pann rjap dl pfc dmcjl ddx, Pa} a}pfc x}p hdjp odsl` rapf mjlldl} dl hdjx`. fc }jq}, Pcq

Ljljd A}njl` hdx`cx yjpxdn bsjx`} fcny xcpxacvc jl` mncjl

yacmc} do ydxmcnjal j} pfcq mdec sy oxde pfc rxcmk, Pfcq

xcejal dl bsjx` cvcl hcqdl` pfc cmjvjpadl }cj}dl hcmjs}c

pfc xa}k do nddpalb hq ndmjn oa}fcxecl a} fabf,


26/72


P x `m` o s`xrx xmbq r rqhs r h rm Ms rxk` v ` `ve s m`xhq, A 899:. Ms r ` mv L Lsehx D. rxmk o ]b @qq h ` r hox eb M `sxb Eb @qq, [P ]b @qqr e r M b r r v`. Msq, M h rx ekb rq A` `

Joxm, P h r `mvx` hq mm` :162 hq e o Cb ` M xxmx r rx xmox Cb h sb v b `r xP M xmb. rvx. rx xx` k xb ` mem` mv,

P L r rx rx L. hs vhq r xxh. Ms q, R rs` v ` m`sm mv hq ob sx rq b he x, A 899:. xmb xv` rxmk r hbbx hs`b$89,= erm r s` hs` mse rx k Fb A` Bsb`bx o r Exe ]k X` Esse. rm `

ms` v h s` xm esbbx oxe exoxm, Pq rs` mm qsx b`. s qs g. `k qsx k rx b, P m ms` v xv` xm h b x xx x`x, P x eb v ox` hmebb` xe h mmsxx` hr @sm ` Yxsbs xsb ` o msxq ` hbb o v,

Rfanc pfc Ljljd }fay ` s ox vb` s` r. s`xrx xmbq M r o x ` r%hxkx, Ms ` Rs x h oxox o qsbxohox q x` x s` :166. M` x` s`xrx xmb ` rxmk k L rx msv xxxq o xsx sx,Oxs eq v h e` eb xe,

D xsx sx xmsx msb o M bvxe ` r xse oxmb msxq m`x r s`xrx mv, Ms

h mbx` hq . hs `ve o s`xrx xmbq Mr esm Cb xsx sx EmFmx, Fmx hbb `. rm me hkr Lkb Mxb. me :169,J xmb Ljl Pajl}fsl kr xq r, A r rxmk o @sm ` xs os o mx xo x A` :238.`xb ` o . b`. ` ex :39.999m o Eb @qq xm, P xmr oxe Gb`w. x Lgb. q Rs,P h r M. hs xm

xb` oxe M, M bvxe ` h o r r ms%sx xb. hs Fmx r h sm hsk o ` :16?. xx`q xbex $89 e, r qx x. Ms rx` s`xrx xmbq xbxe Zbs Svxq, Fmx b M xm%b x s`qb s`xrx mvmzs. q,

Ms ` Rs o xox x x xmr s`xrx xmbq JsxYxbxe, Zbs xx` r J`` S%

vxq Jsx. ` x m o s`xrxxmb r m` h o qm esm qb , Pq ``qsb xmb. ` A r b` .Ms q, J`. o msx. x r A ms` re,

Pfc rxcmk mjnnc` Ljlfja Lsehcx Dlc. j ]dlb @qlj}pq

}fay. rj} naopc` alpjmp oxde pfc }cj onddx al 8992 &al

njxbc oxcabfp mdlpjalcx al yfdpd jp pdy xabfp!, Pfc }fay

jl` ap} }sxxdsl`alb }anp rcxc ynjmc` al j ms}pde%hsanp

pjlk jp j lcr es}cse al Bsjlb`dlb &xabfp!,


27/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb 83

R ` ` } bn. Ws }}, R`` kr r r} `r y, R ` `. r } s` r. hs r kr } ey

y s n b, Ws``` e}n bs`b rk sn` },

P} } gs} M} yhne.

Ws }} snn, Hs } `}s s} n}}, J L rk. Ws } sy 80%s}snn, P rnn e b h` r. kb s r} e, ]e e y}}n, ]e sn b b

` nb}, D} }e ` y%` sb r ` 19

he, D h es} }s``s h} ` e sb r r

ynnb, R r e r s h} `.

hs r }r. r eyn n. r r``, Ws} e nn` ` bs` h} ` sb },

D }. Ws} ys }}y`, Yn } } }%b r ey} , ]nn.}} Ws. s h bn, Qs }ny s r y sb. }}, R Ms }} e `k Ljl Pajl}fsl. b} e y

}sn` ` }}. C rk `}

} r M Ws,Ms }`} e}n nsk }s ``` y, A e }

]s M ]. nb}} } yn r rk} yne `

rnn n}, @}y Ws} bn. y}} } ` snhn rk `` y}}s nb}} Ljl Pajl}fsl,R yb } hbb sy } } `nk e n}n }ss h. Ms }},Jnb}} `` hr. }. e}}. bh. ` y}}hn , Eh rnn h hn hb

rn b sy; r }s ,D }` L. Ms }} eb k hk e , F} nnbs Rs. r. }s}} hs ss } }n L Osg Y, F. }} Rs. rnn h `n M} e nb, P L LsehD ` L Lseh D gs} r eyn}e } r } ` y }kb}, P s}`} rk}. }}, P hn hk }s,

Njsxcl Fanbcx} a} j oxccnjlmc rxapcx hj}c` al ]fjlbfja,

8991, Jnb}} snn n` hnb r }n

r r} hs`s ` k }s`,P }yn =.999% }nb hb ysnn` s r` }yrk} yn M}yysn }s}}},

} h}r `h} ` n yysn} e nb. }} Ms,Rs e. A k rsn` h br%b } zskn [ MU,

fc oxclcpam jmpavapq dl Ljl Pajl%}fsl } }b r s`rnb } e } Ms

k } } `b n}}, P M}be s} } `b}` } Ljl Pajl}fsl rnn hyn` r sy`` }}n, Hs } Lrk } n} ys nn M} rk} b `b, P hbb} s`r nb. Ms }}. } yysn } }s }} ,

Shne}`. s Eb @}yn ee` b y} enn}. ` } n` b}sk }y} ` ,

J`b nb}} L. kyb rk rnn y` } h k }s}},Fr. %} n r e} , P } e. L Lseh D } s` r `e` nn nr e , A r ` WsWb. r rsn` L. Ms }},

Ws. M Ws. } h nn} e. } ` L A}n`} ee h` n, F }

yysnn se ` } ` }. }` shnkb. r }ykb hs L, R }e s` yn r` ky . }}, P }` L} }s} rn b } }n` 8992 ` } hs hsn`b nn }. yb hs,A}`. n} }} ` Ws, R s yber r s nn yyn ` n e%hn nkb s}. Ws yn}, ]eh` e s} `n` s} hs }, P h` yn }` yn ` Ws ` } h} yn }e b ` }nnb } } b} nr,

s r }r.``,bs`

}y}

b

}

}M}s

]s

jl jl%rMs}

eb

Pfa} ydp jl` ynjpc rcxc hdpf xcpxacvc` oxde pfc

Ljljd Lsehcx Dlc rxcmk, ]smf apce} jxc

ydysnjx rapf mdnncmpdx}. ysppalb ejlq do

Mfalj} rxcmk} jp xa}k oxde nddpalb,

R ` ` y,

`

}y

` n`

s h}

nn , R

}

ysn} Ms,h br%

c` oxde pfc

apce} jxc

q do

lb,


28/72

A

l :16=. fs}hl l raoc xmfcdndbq pce Rnpcx Jnv l ]s}lEclc}c} nc xc}cxmf pce pd }enn pdrl al ldxpfcxl Ycxs mnncmsyc, Pcxc pfcq cmvpc l lmaclp edsl pfp mdlpalc pfxceal} do hsanalb pfp eq fvc hccl l cnapc xc}aclmc dx mcxcedlan mclpcx, ]cnc rapfal pfc hsanalb} mxsehnalb dhc hxamkrnn} rcxc yxpannq cyd}c esxn} pfp }ccec pd hc ec hq pf

Nehcqczsc msnpsxc. rfamf n}pc oxde pfc lalpf pd pfc cncvclpf mclpsxq j,`

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:8?

Fa``cl ]mclc} doj Xdqjn Mdsxp

Pfaxpq qcjx} jopcx pfcq

rcxc x}p bnaey}c`.

esxjn} xcvcjn j vahxjlp

naoc al jlmaclp Ycxs

hq Xdbcx Jprdd`


29/72


Rapf pfcax cn }c}dl clalb. Jnv l Eclc}c} xchsxac pfc yalpalb} pd yxdpcmppfce oxde pfc rcpfcx l ydpclpan nddpcx}, Pc xmfcdndba}p} alpclc pd xcpsxll la}f pfc cmvpadl}. hsp }cvcxc Cn Lad}. pfc a}mdvcxq do pfc ldr%oeds}xdqn pdeh} do ]ayl. l Eclc}c} slodxpslpc cpf al 8998 cnqc cnrdxk slpanpfa} qcx, J pce nc hq Jnv l pfc mdsync} }dl Hxsld f} ldr cyd}c hdsp 099}zsxc occp do esxn}, Pc yalpalb} vahxlp mdndx} }sbbc}p pfp pfcq rcxc mdvcxc hqpfc dhc hxamk rnn }fdxpnq opcx pfcq rcxc mdeyncpc xdsl j,`, 199,

Yjalpalb} do pfc }cea%eqpfamjnxsncx Ljqenjy cecxbc oxde

hcfal` jl j`dhc hxamk rjnn jppfc }apc do msyc al ldxpfcxl

Ycxs, Dpfcx yjalpalb} }fdr}mclc} oxde j mcnchxjpadl, Pfcesxjn} jxc yxdva`alb }sxyxa}alb

al}abfp} jhdsp xdqjn naoc alldxpfcxl Ycxs :.:99 qcjx} jbd,Pfc cyampadl} do cnjhdxjpcnqmd}psec` ldhnc}. es}amajl}.

jl` jmxdhjp} jxc j ran``cyjxpsxc oxde pfc s}sjnnq }pja`

jxprdxk do pfc Njehjqczscmsnpsxc,


30/72

J} }psllal } p es} y}vpal a}. rp p `yap re }sya}al p p a}p} sp pral ypAp a} }y `yps oe p aa`. }pl`àw` oe} al e}Nehzs es} l` ypp yalpal}, Ap e v hl p eeep va}ap h }e a}palsa}` y}l. }} Jv, P a} }l} o }ya }al. rap hp} l` es}aal}. l` p s

} p a }}ap` rap sp, ]e s} l` e lp. l` l e aeyplp. pl p},P es} }r l el hlal se. ra p} hr sp

l` }k e}, ]el } `} av yp. l` p} yp} pp yhh lpal mfamfj. l azs aehah` h Ysvalp` p r`àl} l` a}plal}, Jhp} rap ppp} vpa hà} yva` p lppalelp; l }pl`} l p }s`} lp. rval }, Cvl r} s` ``}}}, P es os o ao l` pavap. }} Jv,

Al y}. l hp `}}`. p }pa s }pl`} yoe p eek}, Pp s yy} opl al Nehzs l` a} hav` p y}lp Ley &}epae} }y` Ley!

}ea%epa el r. àl p l`. pv` h op p pYsval }p rap 09 ppl`lp} l` p` `l}p pp }p`ps :: s}, Rv r}. rl p ]yla`} av` alYs al p :399}. yy r }pa pkal hsp ae,

R p es} r v` rap hak} eal} e}p, Jvhav} pp rv ` p yalpal} e` yhh y}}` r}p op p r eyp`, Jlalp Ysval} r klrl phs `}p hsaàl} oral p `p o p s r hsape. p yvlp pe oe hal yyyap` h a} }s}}}, Cvp e}p va} ypa} or` h lv. ap }e},

Xdbcx Jprdd` a} j mdlpxahspalb càpdx jp Jxmfjcdndbq,

J ycx}dl rcjxalb j ejpmfalb fcj`yacmc jl` xc}}

fdn`} j vc}}cn }aeanjx pd dlc} s}c` odx xalkalb

mfamfj. j pqyc do mdxl nazsdx,


Esxjn} j`dxl pfc clpxjlmpd jl j`dhc hxam

hsanàlb pfjp ejq fjv

hccl jl cnapc xc}a`clmc d

mcxcedlajn mclpc


31/72


&Jhdvc! Fjl` yxalp} jl` }zsabbnc}

dl pfc j`dhc hxamk} s}c` pd mdvcxpfc esxjn} do msyc jxc }aeanjx pdejxkalb} dl hxamk} al pfc jlmaclp

mdeydsl`} rjnn}. yd}}ahnq ecjlalbhdpf yxdgcmp} rcxc mdeyncpc`

jxdsl` pfc }jec paec, &Jhdvc xabfp!Pfc jxprdxk do pfc Njehjqczsc

msnpsxc a} pqyamjnnq vcxq xc}pxjalc`.}d jxmfjcdndba}p} rcxc }sxyxa}c` pdoal` }mclc} do ycxodxealb es}amajl}

jl` jmxdhjp} al pfc esxjn}, &Xabfp!Jxmfjcdndba}p} cmjvjpc pfc jlmaclp

hsan`alb mdeync jp msyc jl`mdl}pxsmp j xddo dvcx pfc esxjn},

Pfc Xs}f Pd Mdl}cxvc

Oal`alb jl` cvmjjpalb :.:99%qx%dn y}r} gs} f h do f rdxk f dh d sy, Ldr f f esxn} x hyd} d f ne}. Jn f} e x xs}f dd}x fe, J xddo f} h hsn dx f } d yxd oxde x dx edx e}s. rff dsns} f n ye} d o ned} eenq,Pe} do d}xdx} f rdxk d }hnw f rnn}hq g gs} dsf }nn rx d f dh

hxk} d yx fe oxde xsehn, L. fq df hxk} rf ydnqex }sh}. rff d}dn}fe osxfx, N}. d}xdx} yyn f nqx do fqn}n. dndxn}} fen. d f esxn} fe}n} dyxd f ye}, J} }dd } qds . qds f d}x f d}xd yxd}}. dx qds nd} f y}.}q} Jn, ]de do f esxn} eq h dd o d yx}x.hs f fk} dsf h e d dy f } d}dx} rf qx dx }d, X,J,


32/72

Rfcl pfc pa`c a} dsp. pfc pjhnc a} }cp, yv

fc pa`c a} bdalb dsp B Hm. ] B M rm, R r. q ymk r w. y r

r , J ym k m q v yyq m y mk r m%q mq mm mm , D. mm y :99 . m . y r m m r, Lq. w. mv%y mm y r . y,

@ Nykq. m ] O Sv%q _mv. H M. v y. y r m. m y 8.999

q , Pq r q yy v m y r m%

m m y m r yqy7 ,

M ym . y. r v % m my r. r . q v yw. r q v , P q L Jm q m. r v k g mm m m,

Nykq v v H Mq mmq m, Hq m mq r m q. mm mvr m mq v

q . m &m mv!.. m. mmk. m. ,

Al Hxapa}f Mdnsehaj. kr m%m y m mmy m ::.999 q, ]m m

o mq mm y v. m kq r q v r ,

J mm m q y kmq. r yq m

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:=9

yy r v L Jm r m. yq J, A v m

yy v m v mym y ,@ k B Mq

O Xv. rm v 6.999 q r mv :129. yy v y m my, Pq r mv. r r v v , rv . B vk r %mmk mk m vm m m m . my %y kv; , Pr kq mm vq q

. . . r k, X r ,J y v

r, A Jk. vmy 0.999 q . r H M m m. mm m y 2.999 q , D rO Xv. 3.999 q . qr v m m r q q,

O v m m mmv m my mmy q m

Pfc C`ahnc ]cj}mjycJ xccvjnsjpadl do cva`clmc jndlb Ldxpf Jecxamj} rc}pcxl mdj}p }fdr}

fdr ap} cjxnac}p alfjhapjlp} ejljbc` pfc }cj} xc}dsxmc}

hq Gs`c A}jhcnnj


33/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb =:

n msapa pp pxb pa p p xa rxn,]n xs rx axpp p nn. p m bxs xp p sazs mnnb pax r vaxp. xpx%nn xsb m s xp p p rpx _msvx An rp mp, P p aphn p vaxp a p Eapxx%na mnaprap rx. x sx an. rp rapx s ap pxapan pxxapx p Mp ]na. bxs OaxpLpa &%Asap hxaban Ma! r mmsan x p xpx p ]pxap Bxba p p

spx Ysbp ]s a Rabp pp. nb_msvx An px x. p an mp Hxapa Mnsha. nb p Oxx Xavx,

@jlj Ncydo}kq fj} ej`c p Mp ]na pxxa%px x xax x ps, ] a xp mpxa mapap vab m. xsm. n p p rp mp xmnbamn xmx,

Span xmpn n p p vxrn pxmx, J a%:139 xmnbamn ab h bxs xp Savxap Dxb psx s n h nbp Mnsha Xavx a xprpx Dxb, P h

r vam s mspa p p xn 1.=99 x b, P ab xp sxpxnrx a p xba p ms n r xmabx sn xa, Jmmxab p pxnbap p Yxp%n ]pp Savxap Rpx Rabp Savxap.p xmnbamn rx vpan rap pxnbapmxapa Ymam Lxprpx navna habnxbn p n, Osxpx. X,B, Ep. x%x xaps xmnb p p Savxap HxapaMnsha. rxp a :118 pp n xvpab pxbrx nb hnav p h p mam sxaab pLxprp Mp,

Jp Bah}dl} Hcjmf }pdlc rjnn} odxealb maxmnc} jl` dpfcx }fjyc}

}cxvc j} cva`clmc pfjp cjxnq ycdync} msnpavjpc` pfc alpcxpa`jn

wdlc} pd hsan` mnje bjx`cl} jl` oa}f pxjy},

Hsp vam a anab s pp nnx xxab. np. mvaa apa p mn. rpxrn. x. rx xp avx hsp pp pax vannb, Oxapm. xmnbamn rx vx :9 x Mnax%a Mn An smvx vam pp Ynaarx nan asnpab p mpna p sx sxhn

mb a nmn nn snpa, Ap x p hnav ppLpav Jxam. r rx hxvx p psxnrxn. ap bsx sp bp pmazs. GCxn. xmnbap p p Savxap Dxb, F a p mnnmp x p x nxb xb ap ma mmns pp. x n. pamhngs a p aw sn nn ap x p h an pxsnp psxn smpspa a nmn vaxp, Lpavn rx bxnn a ap x p nb sn vnx spahn xmpam vx pa. na,

Ox x xxm p Mp ]na. N s nmnapbxp%msap xm, Oaxp Lpa nx r

pann mms p n v vp px pxapan rn%b hsp pax mpx xnpaa rap p nmn mnb,H napab p pax xn apxa sab p axpabn p bsa x avpabpa. p xmnbap. nbrap x mxr hx p na Lpa. Mp]na msap hsp 19 an xp _msvx. xmxpab rp sp p xa p nhs np vx p msx ps x h vannb,

D nrx a na%n. p ms%ap pxp pnab hsp xxab. ap axpm. rap hm. N . pab pp p np abampxxab xs a p x r a :160,


34/72

=8

e fc fc cvc ecn nc cr rf rfnk nkc ync c nsmfc rf ec rc nmkekc, Pcq m sn ce fc m fccmc e fc , A ecnn nkc esq. n c,

ec ecn mee ymmc sc ennecc ecf mcc, Pc fnc smf mcc. frcvcc mmf fc c fc. mfvq. ecnCvc fn f wc ec fcc ennc ce, Msyn

f c rf vvc ycmc cmc nmn cm fc ycvn vcr fc mc fmn cvec f cc mcm,

Mnrcnn g yk, ]fc s mcc rf ennc ecf wc. fc m fc mfcnmn cm c cns, A kc fs fsffc r%ennecc mcc. ymk s fc fcf c e fc c. rfmf mnsc fc esmf ncce mne fcnn. mmknc. c smf, Hs fcec yc r nvc rf rsn fvc cc n fccm, sf fc mmknc e fc mne fcnysn fk Xsff c y mfyfc ec f c

]fr q f c Mnrcnn fc q. Mncfseynq e fc, A y fc ycmn nc; cf fc nn,

A cnc ns ycvs r mfcnmzsq, ]ecf eync mf ecf wc s cc mccc%ennecc r%ennecc meyc cmvcc f c cvcn meynccnq crnqc fc cm, Js cf :9 qc rc cmvc fc Lf ]fc _msvc rc s mfvq.Ncykq q, J fc ec. A fsf r c%, qc Ncykq sc. Lv Yc. sq fc ec ccn c rfcc mfvq m,

Yc sc fc enn mcc fsf ececn f c mk =.999 qc e HsAnc. r rc crcc _msvc Lf_msvc, J n sc c cvcn M ]nfmeesc. fc nc =9 enc n, Hq cmf fc ec. Yc ymkc s ycmc nc s fc cmqce. smf vc qc c smf, ]fc n srcyc smc ne. fc. mfvq en yy c fc vc fc ec yc mc f rfc fc ce c f cmcc. ne mc. c fc fc r ycmc mcc,

]sc csf. nq sn ce e MeF rc c f r n n fc Kek.

M ]nf ycyncfr fc m vcrfcnene fc cm, Ec Mnrcnn. mn sc r fc Svcq Jnc Ce ec fc mvcqs rk fc 8996 ec fc fc Svcq E, J fc c. mfcn c mscnq eyyfc nqs ec f :=.999 rc kc s fcc%zsc%enc c f ysc sy fcc cc s fc rc nr c c :.889 qc , Pc kce mfcv% fc%fyc y f scnc f rvc kc fc ymfc c, Dc fc%fyc yecsc :=6 cc ecc,

Pc y Me F nkcnq msf ne. fc%

. eq fc qyc f, Mnrcnn c fc mfcnmn cvcmc mec v ce s fcmc ec, ]fcnn f ycmknc fc e syc cc mn mcck mc c fc vcrq fc f s ec fc c Hf Mnse.ecec e fc, Hq mncnq ce ecmc. Ncykq fc mnncsc m cc rf cce fc mfcnmn cm c,

H

jb} jl` hjb} do `axp nc ecn mk fc mnsvcq c e rfcc Mnrcnn yc rq esmf ec, ]fc mcc eync kc n qc

e ec B Hcmf. :9% :3%esc yncm fc ] e fc e ne ccvc, A rsnfvc cc mnc csf nq sc q fc mc fcycc%q ne ycync, Xce e B c mk 399 qc . nfsf fc c necq c cq 2.399 qc,

Mnrcnn mf fc cvc fc nn fn e smkc. ncv cf f c fcnn, A s nkc fc fkc q nc, A fc

Jcxajn yfdpdbxjyf}. nakc pfa} dlc do pfc Pnjjeal pcxxapdxq.

yxdva`c mnsc} odx jxmfjcdndba}p} nddkalb odx cva`clmc do

fsejl ejlaysnjpadl do pfc }cj}mjyc,

Pfc }syxcejmq do }jnedl j} pfc yxaejxq }pjync do jlmaclp

Hxapa}f Mdnsehajl} a} mfjnnclbc` hq pfc xcejal} do fcxxalb

jl` dpfcx }ejnn oa}f odsl` al ea``cl }jeync},


35/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb ==

` ` w h, Ao

. o `. o[ `U r o h` h . Nok,

fc yampsxc cecxbalb o `` o . o `` h r o`, R

h` `. h$h k o ,

G o r o H Mh r h` . % `` r h` `

`, P Fk L. ` 099 o _. ` k o. ` , R k . ` o `hh` h o @ `` r ,

P ` ` h o `` k o `` k o o o . h ` r r, O. rk o

E R. `` r rk` r o h. `r ,

E B ` A z`` A `. , ] r` k r ` r ` . . D . ` o` `, Fr o` ` k o o 4

Gs`c A}jhcnnj a} j }maclmc rxapcx jl` bxj`sjpc }ps`clp al pfcjlpfxdydndbq cyjxpeclp jp pfc Slavcx}apq do _ampdxaj,

H h ` h `.` ` h ` k r. Y, P r w ` o ``.r r o r o o

2.399 , P o M ] r o ,

Al jned}p cvcxq c}psjxq h ` . ` ` o r` , P ` `.

r r kr o :113`` k o ` h ,

D Z` A`. o N%Kr%&Krkrkrkr! ` Kk L. o %

` h J ]. o Nok o] O. Y k ` ` R H, D kr h o o r r `` o . . ` h. o h,D r ` ` ` h r 039g . r ` `, @% r ` Lh. hk r ` , P r z7 @ ` hw h ` ` ` k. ro . `

` r h o 4J h K H. Nok r o o h h o ` ` ` , Nok % o 7 ` o o J ` r, P k ` ` o ` o . `` r k ` o `,

H k h`. . ` w . o ` r % h h `. ` o

&Jhdvc ncop! Jxmfjcdndba}p @jlj Ncydo}kq &al xc`!

pcjmfc} j bxj`sjpc }ps`clp fdr pd cmjvjpc j }apc al pfc

]pxjap do Bcdxbaj, &Xabfp! Xc}cjxmfcx} al}ycmp j ea``cl.

xcvcjnc` hq j ojnncl pxcc,


36/72

fc S}sejmalpj Xavcx `by db dd od `od y do dn hd rEd d r hk ` Bnd , A y. n` d` S r %d` hq d%

nq ob rh do hd` n do Eq odb r ` ` nn d y` w `

do kb`d, H nn ` do r hd` do kb`d nnq nq ` h od`. n dq do do d rnn `b d o b. b d db od%n%ndb do od, P rnn. r ``` kb`ddo Qn ` Y` Lb. r ` d `o` Q%n d hd`, P rnn yd` yd nhd nq rnn do bb ddk yn b nd yd` :.=99 q bdr hd r yk do ydr,

R ` y do Mn Bdn` doH` Sq. J`r ] do Hdr Sq.

` dndb od Bn A do Fdq `Jdydndbq d bd 899=. q r nddkbd ` d do dr `nnb n`y hr Y` Lb ` Q%

n, Ld nd do ydyn r nddkb od odd. q]. ` q r q d `, P rnn nyy d h nn d yn do d d` r onnn ` gbn bd, A r dnq d r` dbwb od r q r, Y do ` od b bd d Bn b` `yk b rd rdk` r ydg. q do rdodb `b Bn n r ddk yn :169 ` :119, P nnq ` S bdd` `b yn od dh rd r b Bn bd,

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:=0

Mdd r b ny` dndbk nq hd dr n`y b h `. r ny` `d r drnn r nd`,

P db n d yd nqrnk db , D dndb kr rq r nddkb od. `b rnn h q, Gd` do dnd. dr :9 n d do Qn. q y d n` d d rnn hr rnn, C` do rdr d dy do nn ` dn` ` yn od r d r od yyd

Lcrnq slmdvcxc` odxpamjpadl}

xcvcjn fdr jlmaclp Ejqj xsncx}

}pxsbbnc` odx rcjnpf jl` pcxxapdxq

hq Wjmf Wdxamf


37/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb =3

alb clceac}, Pcq jxc ldp hsan`alb dlc }sycx%rjnn, Pcq jxchsan`alb nappnc rjnn} hcprccl jnn pfc}c nappnc fann} pfjp pfcq mjlmdlpxdn vcxq cj}anq. }jq} Bdn`cl, Ap mxcjpc} jl cj}q osllcn,Pcq mjl mjpmf jlqdlc bdalb }dspf dx ldxpf pfxdsbf pfcvjnncq}, Pc rjnn} pfce}cnvc} rdsn` hndmk pfc yjpf do pfcclceq} j`vjlmc, Ap} j ljpsxjn mdlpxdn ydalp, Pa} a} rfcxcpfc Ejqj ysp pfcax rjnn} :.=99 qcjx} jbd jl` pfa} a} rfcxcpfc oxdlp rj} al pfc mavan rjx. ]mfcxcx }jq}, Pc jlmaclp Ejqjrjxxadx} yxdhjhnq }pdd` dl pfc fann}a`c} jl` dl pdy do pfcrjnn}. yd}}ahnq pjkalb mdvcx hcfal` j rdd`cl yjna}j`c rfcxcpfcq mdsn` fsxn }pdlc} dx }ycjx} jp pfcax clceac}. rfd rdsn`

Jl jxmfjcdndbamjn }sxvcq al

pfc xjal odxc}p dl pfc hdx`cx

hcprccl Ecamd jl` Bsjpcejnj

a} xcvcjnalb j }cxac} do }pdlc

rjnn} pfjp rcxc s}c` pd `cocl`

pfc hdx`cx hcprccl pfc rjxxalb

Ejqj kalb`de} do Qjmfanjl jl`

Yac`xj} Lcbxj},


38/72

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:=?

Rfanc dpfcx Ejqj kalb`dehs ov r s o m.

r m o r h s o h, P v y mo 039%% o rohr r , A m r m r o r

, R Qm hm myo E . j,`, =31. yys r o h m. r mw, Yy ms m m v o yyso . s s. g ym o , Ro y v h oms m s s SsmXv, H r r hs. m yys r sm ,

A N Mm [s j,`, 299U. yys

y s . A mmm r s mm y m . ]y Fs o Hr Sv. r y v Y L, F hv r yys v om yy y h m o r o sm o r,

L r. ms 7 Mmwy. N Y. m. C , P r r o h yhhv r o, P r s h }jgjn}. r r ms

. r yh o o h m

v h v v. h sy r

v o o r,L vm h os o r h m.hs mm v , @m vm o ro y.yh s y r rm s m ym v, A ms sr E , R v o r m v hs r. ]m%, F . rv. o vmo s mm. rm y r yy o h,

Nj Ejx

Yac`xj} Lcbxj}

Mfamdwjydpc

Cn Mjqd

Cn Plcn

Nj Yj}j`apjPcmdndpc

Qjmfanjl

BSJPCEJNJ

ECVAMD

9 3Eanc}

:9

Pfa} mjxvc` }pdlc edlseclp mjnnc` Yjlcn = oxde pfc }apc doYac`xj} Lcbxj} }fdr} ndx`} yjqalb pxahspc pd pfc mapq} kalb,


39/72


Q. q v vk r, P b v q. ] Gb AAA r b kb b k, Jb B. N Y b q 83 q . b, Pq g r%b r , P v r

r q ,P k b b N M% q Q r q q r r q r . r r kb % bq rv k , ] v Q r ] Gb AAA . H GbA_. v r g b b, Nkr. v N Yb b r r g kb H GbA_ b v r ,

] . v v N Y% . r rq , R b v vb q Q kb,

Mdl}pxsmpadl jp pfc hdx`cx }cppnceclp}

v b b b Qkb ] Gb AAA, J . Q Y Lb, ] Gb AAA r q kb Y Lb kr q X 0,O 09 q ] Gb AAA q bb. b. bb 2:=, J v Q r qv v q bv Y Lb, Cb q q v b r

]dec do pfc ed}p aeydxpjlp mnsc} b Eq bq v Y Lb Q,

A :1?9. Ykk q q bq 09 b %

b Y Lb, F r v . r b r v , A r b q b ,Jv r vb b bz b, Hr vb b , Bq.b . rv v , J . v r v b

r b, Frv. Ykk v qw kb b . k b v%q . fdpsl. %b kb b,

Ykk r . q r rq r q bq,] bq . q b bq. kb. bq

. bq. q r kb , Ykk % b. r r

Pxjl}njpalb Ejqj Fa}pdxq bq r v ,

.

vb Q,] b bq r, A . bq

r kb r r zq , D ] Gb bq kk gb. H Gb gb bq, P

b v q %b q,Ykk r v

r , A :19:.M Hr. rq FvYq E rk E Eq. v Y Lb kb,A b q Eq bq

v b , H rYkk qb b

. q ] F HrSvq, ] r q r , W,W,

Sycl`c` oxdb jl`

pddpfjmfc bnqyf}


40/72

a}o ra av a, Fs} ak} ka ra Ya`} L} h a. ` r} ysy}osv` o s} o Qa, Rv aka r} a Ya`} L}. a gs} r a} a o Qa. }}. F a} o v ora}a s} r r} } às} a} oa yr} ` ha a} ,

H 238 Ha` Gs A_. } o ]a` Gs AAA h

o a} }} rav}. }`` , F yak` sy ra} o o . }a h` a} Ya`L} ` yà a a}o h ysa sy à a `w hsaà}, Es} }a a} 89 aa vaa} v h}}, P } o ro hr r aa `` a 696 r Qa} ka hs ]ks AAys` } ka o Ya`} L}. Xs 2, J or Ya`} L} r} vr. ` y} o ar hs`, Ja}} v os` ya} o ka }}` ya} a}a` y,

A }ya o a} va. hs ]ks AAA r} } ka

Qa. hs kr} r a} a ``Dv ya` o } yysa o Qa } v v` r o a, Jhs } a ò}av }} o N Y}à ` rh``, P r} }haw` ka} `}yy }a}o ` o `. }sa. ` }o%àw r s`, P ka` v h vaa o ya ` ka} }v` ` a a, A ` v } saas `}y. s` h à aahr ka} ` yy v`. }], P} yy s `}y ` v a

r } o `}, D o } }%v}aa} o a} r s ky s }shà} o }ka yr o }v}, Ra }` }r h yva` }sa. `. ` a } o}v}. Qa . a a} aw`. v } a} av yr, A} yysa à}y}` }} `}y. ` a y}` ra r }s}a a,

Wjmf Wdxamf a} j }cladx càpdx jp Jxmfjcdndbq,

P ka} ya y s }s}} Qa} }shà `} r s` ka} }a}syva}a,

D `. }s o Ya`} L} r}sya` h } aa} }s } N E ` C M. ra` a r oaa} ` r} ` ha` o hs, B` ay} } a} Ya`} L} ka` ` }} aa`

yaa }ss, A} }shà `} } v g` o` ` s, A }. Qa }} v h v saa. ` v ` }à a}a h a} r a ,

Jedlb pfc Ejqj. va} a a` ra a}, Xs} r ys` a}s}}os aa ya}. ra }} ya%

à` ` a ò}, y a}o ro hr Qa ` Ya`} L}. }}v ` }s` s} a h aa}, Hs a} }as} :9% y a a}a ` hr

` o ]a` Gs AAA ` }}a o Ha` GsA_ , Ja}} o a} ya` } as, R yy` `sa ya` a} }a`h` h }},

P a o s a Qa sa } :9} } o Ya`} L}. a s `Y =. ra }} h y yy` } }y} Qa} }s, P y }r} Xs0 a }shà `} r a ahs. ` o yy} h as ka, Xs 0}} h }à a} as ka o Qa à a h r ys s o .

` h r} h}} . }} B`, P y o a} ka a} ya ``. h}sa a} aà.hs a} y} Ya`} L} yhh } r} a ys` a r } k y `

Jl jxmfjcdndba}p }ap} lcp pd pfc njxbc}p

hsanàlb jp pfc }apc do Pcmdndpc al Bsjpcejnj}

Ycpl xjal odxc}p, Pfc hsanàlb yxdhjhnq }cxvc`

j} j pceync dx xdqjn xc}a`clmc,


41/72


@sxalb cvmjjpadl} al Ydeycaa f %f q. Anfn B Onn h f n f o f o E _ f f h f r

j,`, 21, Hq n f f nn f no f f. Onn f f r o f no hqf h o Y knn hq f n, J fq o f f f n h o. g o oo f n f n o f f, P . w o f . f fz. n h qhn of f nn f k f q,

Jl jxpa}p alpcxyxcp}

pfc jlmaclp mapq}

ed}p cvdmjpavc

jxpaojmp}

hq Gjxxcpp J, Ndhcnn

Jxpa}p Bjxq ]pjjh ecj}sxc}

jl` yfdpdbxjyf} pfc

ynj}pcx mj}p do j }ejnn

mfan` al pfc Bjx`cl do

pfc Osbapavc} al dx`cx

pd mxcjpc j ed`cn do pfc

dxabaljn mj}p,


42/72


b fcxc. A gs n q, Fc f` nq fxcc `q ` nn f cn`x, Jyx oxe fc cmcxq ecsxb ` yfbxyfb fc xbn. cb % Yeyc mxsmn ], A xcnnq eyx ec bc cc o ynmc, Pc c fb qs m ` s`cx` ecc. xcnc fce. cvc ocx fcq x

bc. xq n fcx fc ` cc f fc. fc q, Pc csq o nn fc fse ncvcn qs nc fc `s fcxc fcc ycync `c`, A mxnb fc bxs` ` nqb fc ysemc f enn xom ` xsnc s`cx ec. ] ``, Gs Oxcnneq fvc `c,

Hcoxc fc c Yeyc. ] nc` n` yff fc` ec o fc mb cmfzsc, Hs msnnq ccb fc m bvc fe fc bf fc ocx, Rfc A bfcxc. A xc` ys eqcno fc e` o fc xbn mcx cmsc xcnnq fcnyc` ec s`cx` f fcc mcxc e`c. q ], Ox ceync. fc ncxc` f f

Jne :39 qcx ocx Oxcnn e`c f x m. x% Bxq ] meec` ec e`cn o osxxbn Yeyc m ox ycmn cf Yeyc Lc Qx &_csvs ]xc Jb. Eq$Gsc. 89::!, A`b . ] mxcc` c qyc o cv`cmc, F e`cnxcmx` nq fcc `v`sn cf. s n fc mc

fmf fc xbn m cxc ofc` q Oxcnn `ncx xmfcnb, ] e`cn xc yxcmc xcynm ofcc cxncx m. s xfcx cxyxc o fce, Pcqxc yx`sm o cmfnbc ` ecxn yxcvsnqvnnc ` n o ] ys x,

]pjjh a} kldrl ox mxcb ec o fc xn`e eyxcvc escse e`cn. xbb noc `sx ` Am mxmn vme. ` ox fvb

e`c fc nq xcynm o Kb s eseeq, J` fnc fc xc o fc Yeyc m. fc f` cvcx cc fce ycx x cc fc c, ] xcmnn. J A

Xc%mxcjpalbOadxcnna} Ecxmfjlp

8, Pfc }doprjxc pfclxcmdlmanc` pfcfsl`xc`} do yfdpd} do pfc

oabsxc al dx`cx pd mxcjpc j =%@

aejbc. rfamf rj} pfcl mfcmkc`

odx jmmsxjmq jbjal}p yfq}amjn

ecj}sxceclp} ej`c al pfc oacn`,

:, Al dx`cx pd mxcjpc jljmmsxjpc ed`cn dopfc dxabaljn mj}p do rfjp

a} mdeedlnq xcocxxc` pdj} Oadxcnna} Ecxmfjlp.

pfc oax}p }pcy rj} pd bcp

yxcma}c ecj}sxceclp} al

fa} yfdpdbxjyf}, ]pjjh

ceyndqc` }ycmajnnq

ej`c }mjnc hjx} pfjp

jxc xcmdblawc` hq j =%@

ed`cnalb yxdbxje mjnnc`

Jba]dop Yfdpd}mjl,

=,Pfc `jpj rj} }clp pdj mdeyspcx%ljvabjpc`

msppcx al Pcj}. rfamf pfcl

eannc` pfc oabsxc dsp do fabf

`cl}apq odje,


43/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb 0:

. r qx o x m x, Eq g xs xom . ], Js v o x r sxom . A q k oos q q r m msx xsm , Ox . x

xxsm v m mvx rm x sx,] v sx o rxk r

mm r rq, A xr q mv x o %. rx k Jwm mxm kv. DsvBx . x o Y, Pq mxxqx r r. o qs r. xom, J ] mx r r m x o xmm xmx,

Gpp J, Nh a} ccmspavc c`apdx doJxmfjcdndbq,

x rx x q mvx . kx . q s o x r k m ox mq, P xmx x m . x s. msx o x o, P mkq k o q o m x,

A . vx o m r vm o %mv m g rx xm xs rm sx x,

_a}apalb Ydeycaa fcnyc` ]pjjh x mzs rs s mx r m xsx, Pq rs o %%

q o. xoxm r x x mx, Js] q m s m xk x xxsm sxom . m , A m k x k xx, Jox ] o . m

3,

]almc pfc eannalb yxdmc}} mjypsxc} pfc oabsxc} dvcxjnn

}fjyc hsp ldlc do pfc }shpnc }sxojmc cpjan}. ]pjjh

mdjpc` pfc odje al j pfal njqcx do ynj}pcx, Fc pfcl }msnypc` al

pfc `cpjan} }d pfjp fa} ed`cn ejpmfc` pfc jyycjxjlmc do pfc

dxabaljn mj}p j} mnd}cnq j} yd}}ahnc,

0, Jopcx pfc odje ed`cn rj} msp. ]pjjh ynjmc` pfxcc }pccnxd`} al}a`c al dx`cx pd xcalodxmc jl` }pjhanawc ap,

?,

Jopcx jnn pfc oalc cpjan rdxk rj} mdeyncpc`.

]pjjh }jpsxjpc` pfc ed`cn rapf jl al`s}pxajn%

}pxclbpf cydq xc}al pd almxcj}c ap} sxjhanapq, Oaljnnq.

pfc Ecxmfjlp rj} yjalpc`. mxjpc`. jl` }clp pd Lcr

Qdxk odx pfc Ydeycaa cfahapadl,


44/72

Ycxmfc` fabf jhdvc jl aeydxpjlp yj}}

hcprccl Mclpxjn J}aj jl` pfc xdj` pd Al`aj.

pfc odxpaoamjpadl} do Mfc}fe%c ]fjoj rcxc

j mxsmajn }pxdlbfdn` odx j }smmc}}adl do

ceyaxc} odx edxc pfjl :.399 qcjx} hcballalb

al pfc 3pf mclpsxq


45/72

q. Me% ] Jb y%sn v s n. %%%n , Hk nn b sy y nn,O n. v k sb n. eyqbq sbbb k, n y yy; s. gbb yk Fs Ks

es b sy w,Hs sb s sq h,m,. b Y Cey.

Me% ] e gs y e v eny, A eyv nn b y sbb yn Mn J nn A, P b nn eq n v y ey W eyn nb%n q n gs n, J e O nb bs eyv v bney n n b ey,

fc Ycx}ajl} rfd odxpaoac` e y . e. n nb. n. e nnqv ey, Jn nn Je. sb .

Je. e s s v A 339 h,m, sb e sn. E, S Mqs B. Je zs Hqn. b q n.

b y E, Hq 388 h,m, Mqs . MeqAA. zs Cbqy ys ey s s q ]s, Jq zsknq s s . G]ey. nb H Esse N,

P Je yn e eyv en v.v, Bk Y . nn s w e ysv sb y s. y bve sn nnnn nb Mqs esnq nn G s e Hqn n sn eyn Gsne,A e b. s Mqys. nn sn v ye s b. nb q yv vs, P ey ynsn beq. q Eb Mn%X. nb

0=

Jl jlmaclp Jobfjl odxpxc}} doocx} xjxc cva`clmc

do Ycx}aj} odxbdppcl cj}pcxl pcxxapdxac}

hq Jl`xcr Njrncx


46/72

00

A As Xv qY. q y, P v wy s q sv, P q Dss. :29 y s s g zs q H :669

y J Cv s J sq v vJ v s s sq h,m,. J Y s q 899:

. v J y , Hs q s % s . . y. s s sq , R

. q M%X, Jq y q ,

Mfc}fe%c ]fjoj doocx} jxmfjcdndba}p} gs , P sv q H

J. y y v Y yv H, J M%]. H Xv s Fs Ks ys q M J y y Js @q. DsXv, P y q ,

S q. s q R, v s y gs R R AA. J Os. s O J. q

Svq E, P sy . v v q vsss ,

Hq s y y . J

s sy y yyq v s X y y, J y. y v zs X M F@qq sq j,`, P zs yy J s . s y % J J. s vy y s . s q s s v zsq %, P Xq X. ] q sq ]s q A. yv s q s

q . q %sq h,m, B Fs,

Ed}p do rfjp rc kldr s YCy. v. , B

s y ysq s Y. q ,J J s y%. . v v s yq

s y. Y. q q Yy s A,

J s v y

$iDYRD^J]D

:Dj\RD^J]D


47/72

rrr,jxmfjcdndbq,dxb

Ox lxnq pr nnll px pqrx lpxsp. sl yx

xyx l xsnp p xppln q p Jl p p pxpbylp, P rnn pp pxp x pnn l nlb p b n xll s slpn p xxvn p Elbn lp pxplp lpsxq j,`, Exzs qp xl slnx r nxb yysn%pl nv l p b pxx x rp p

snlb slpl q v l, Xbp lr r l lnqq pp px x lsxs snlb p Jlyx. ynl Exzs. l pp p p ypqp s sb yysnpl, P l rnn pp ry

rl p lxpxl p slpl n ln rpq vxq xx Jl x npx & x!, Jll p ynl nr. rx p xvx xs sp p y.x p rnn xl nxb l pnn pnq slvpppnlp pp q pl k p Yxl p,

M% ] qp p qn p xp xpp.s bn xlklb vn x nq pnp. pp plxpx Jl p, Px l plvnplb. vl q p yp vxlb p nn ppx p rxk yvxpq%pxkl xl vnnbx bx pl pxq l x pps p nn, Osx n lpllb pxsx slpx sxlb vp. l p

lvl. vn rx. l l x k p nnlb%lb p y pbpx rp q v yyl p p n xpp, Ln Clbn p Oxl l q ppnn rxkx xyxp pp pq v l pl. x%

pp p nn nn p p Kx Zsn. x Oxpx p Aln, F syp p p bxp lpzspq, Aplp p vnnq l p n xsp p Al. rp rnn knpx xsl. npx rxp, Hsp rpx p r

ypsx q Jnlx p Bxp rl xxv l Hpx[l p sxp lpsxq h,m,U. ll l q,]vlpq qx px Osx vp. Oxl l

Xnl Hlvn ypp Jl ypx rn sx%vqlb p x l 8992, Psb p xsnp xxlplb xbl xl p p p x lp ynp. l p x pl =.999 yppxq x nnp. Hlvnnv pp p p p x p p lpsxq h,m, JYxl yxl l p plp pxl spyp p s lxnq pb p yx. r lnq bl xsl 339 h,m,.sxyx xxx, P pxls xnbnvl. q @x Knsxb%]npx p Slvxpq

_ll, Ap q n l lpl pp p yx bxrpx pl l bl,

fc }awc do Mfc}fe%c ]fjoj. l lxs px%px x vxlb x pl zsx n. k p pk vpl slplb. yxpsnxnq l xbl rx p nl v xlpnq lx, ]l 8992. sxxlpOxl l xpx Ynyy Ex%zs yx p rnn p bxp yx lx p py p pxl

p bxb, Dl p py ny lpy p nn. Exzs l pv slvx xl vxppl rnn rnn p plslpl psxq. xplbsnx%y Jl%x snlb,

Pfc rcnn%yxc}cxvc` rjnn} jl` fds}c}

fabf dl pfc }pccy }ndyc} do Mfc}fe%c

]fjoj rcxc nakcnq mdl}pxsmpc` al pfc

Jmfjcecla` ycxad` jl` xcs}c` odx edxc

pfjl j pfds}jl` qcjx},

Pfc jlmaclp mapq do Hjnkf a} }ja` pd fjvc

hccl pfc fdec do Wdxdj}pcx. odsl`cx do

Wdxdj}pxajla}e, Pfa} xcnabadl rj} nakcnq

yxjmpamc` al Mfc}fe%c ]fjoj. nc}} pfjl jl

fdsx} `xavc oxde Hjnkf,


48/72

JXMFJCDNDBQ ]cypcehcx$Dmpdhcx 89:0?

Archaeology Sep 2011

Documents

Transcript of Archaeology Sep 2011