Arch162 - Sydney

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SYDNEYSYDNEYSimon, Jerusa | B.S. Architecture | Arch 162


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SydneySydneyis the largest city in Australiais the largest city in Australia


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Sydneyis the largest city in Australialocated on the southern coast of

New South Wales

was named after Viscount

discoversydney.com.au

Sydney, the British Secretary of

State

Map of Australia


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SydneyIt covers:1. Greater Metropolitan

area of Sydney, surrounding inner

city suburbs

Inner City

Outer CityOuter City


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SydneyIt covers:1. Greater Metropolitan

area of Sydney, surrounding inner

city suburbs

Inner CityInner City

Outer Cityand

2. Sydney central business district

(CBD)


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Aboriginal History

it was thought that first humans came to the continent from

South-East Asia

around 3000 Aborigines lived around what is now Sydney

50,000 - 70,000 years ago

Cadigal bandthe clan or tribe traditional owners of theSydney City region

Eora name given to the original inhabitants of the place

means here or from this place

they lived close to the shore

gathered fish and shellfish as the main food

provided shelter and sometimes slept in a

Cavern of Rock

perform ceremonies which integrated

religion, history, law, and art


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History

Year 1770first British contact and colonizers

landed at Botany Bay

land was declared New South Wales

to be the property of Britain's King

One of their aim was to establish

prison settlement for British convicts.


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History

Year 1788

Port Jackson

Botany Bay was not suitable for thesettlement, so they rowed north to Port

Jackson (now Sydney Harbour).

a cove at Port Jackson which had thefreshest spring of water and thefinest

harbour

was named after the British Secretary

of State, Viscount Sydney.

Sydney Cove


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History


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Functions of the cityeven before,main functions of

the city weregovernment and

trade.

Settlement became town on the foreshores of Sydney Cove.

public buildings: The First Goverment House, Hyde Park Barracks, Rum Hospital, St.

James Church

Sydney Cove

1824

Government House, Sydney Cove c1809


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Macquarie Street

named after Governor Lachlan

Macquarie, who took charge of the colony

in 1810, and managed to transform the

penal colony into a town with roads

It houses important buildings such as:

Royal Botanical Gardens

1940

Parliament houseGovernment House

State Library of New South Wales

Reserve Banks Australia


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Functions of the cityTrade - focused on the port, asSydney is a port city

Alcohol - used as a means of trade by

the British

- served to shatter traditional social

and family structures of the originalinhabitants


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Functions of the cityPort Jackson became maritime andindustrialheart of Sydney.

The Harbourwas dominated by large

scale industrial plants, gas works, bulk

storage facilities, etc.

1950: Manly Gas Works

Now: open space as

Little Manly Point Park


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Functions of the cityBotany Bay Container TerminalReplaced the fragmented

container facilities of Port Jackson

most of the cargo goes through

Port Botany

Botany Bay Container Terminal 1987


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Culture

Aborigines in ceremonial dress pose for a photograph of a

enne onga notable Aborigine, one of the first to becivilized into the European way of life

attempted to aid relations between the

Aborigines and the colonizers

singing and dancing were part of daily life for

Aboriginal people in Port Jackson.

non-sacred songs and dances were performed

at night at Bennelong Point

.

(Government Printing Office Collection, State Library of

New South Wales.)


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Culture

enne onga notable Aborigine, one of the first to be

civilized into the European way of life

attempted to aid relations between the

Aborigines and the colonizers

Bennelong Pointhe asked the Governor to build him a hut

on what known as Bennelong Point (which

is now the site of the Sydney Opera House)

where he then entertains the Governor

known to be Cattle Point because of livestock

from the First Fleet landed thereHut was a gathering place for the Aborigines at

Sydney Cove


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History

Bennelong Pt.Bennelong Pt.SidneySidney HarbourHarbour

Architect: Jrn Utzon

FarmFarm

CoveCove

SidneySidney

CoveCove


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ReligionAborigines have their own Supreme Beings

sandstone and rock drawings demonstrate

their religious beliefs

Today, many are beneficiaries of the

- parks-industrial estates

-residential backyards


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WATER the reason for Sydneys Foundation

Intent: a place for people

Darling Harbour

Sydney Harbour


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WATERdetermined as the site of white

settlement, where prisoners and

soldiers dug the Tank Stream

marks the colonys original water

supply

Tank Stream

It is part of the stormwater system of

the city today. Tank Stream superimposed on a map of currentS dne


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WATERdetermined the site of white

settlement, where prisoners and

soldiers dug the Tank Stream

marks the colonys original watersupply

Tank Stream

Stephen Walker sculpture

-located in Herald Square at Circular Quay

- dedication to all the children who have

played around the Tank Stream

It is part of the stormwater system of

the city today.


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WATERPyrmont waterfront development

2002: The bay with narrow

pedestrian is dominated by high risebuildings


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WATERA transformed marshlandto a canal

capable of carrying barges to transport

goods from the nearby Woolsheds,brickworks, tanneries and foundries

Sydney's first inbound waterway

Alexandria Canal, Sydney

flows from Alexandria through St. Peters,

Mascot, Sydney Airport, to Cooks River at

Tempe

discharges as Botany Bay


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Sydneys Urban Growth

Sydney CBDSydney CBD

* The city basically grew from the

CBD core at the harbour - spreadingthrough a star-form growth radiating

out to the suburbs of Sydney.


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Sydneys Urban GrowthSydney CBDSydney CBD


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Sydneys Urban GrowthSydney CBDSydney CBD

S d H b


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Sydney Harbourthe heart of the metropolis

SydneySydney HarbourHarbour

Opera HouseOpera House

HarbourHarbour BridgeBridge

S d H b B id


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Sydney Harbour Bridgeopened opportunity to the economy of the city

focal point for Sydney and the harbour-side areas

the tallest structure in Sydney and still dominates

the harbour skyline.

S d H b B id


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Sydney Harbour Bridgeopened opportunity to the economy of the city

focal point for Sydney and the harbour-side areas

the tallest structure in Sydney and still dominates

the harbour skyline.

Sydney and Sydney Harbour Bridge takenfrom North Shore, 19 March 1932. The

National Library of Australia.

3 Phases development in SYDNEY skyline


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3 Phases development in SYDNEY skyline

1879: 3-4 storey buildings 1900s: CBD dominated by office buildings with new limitof 150 ft.

1957: removal of heightrestriction

Open & Public Spaces


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Pedestrian Network

Consists of arcades, plazas,

overpasses, underpasses, and minor

lane closures

Interconnects major developmentswithin the area:

-Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority

-Harrington Mall

-Qantas Plaza

-Lang Park

Public lands

superimposed on Sydney

Map

-Wynward Park

-Martin Place

links into the central spine of the city


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Open & Public SpacesMartin Place

Sydney Square

was originally designed as shopping street,was remodeled as office space

built in the 1960s

Public space, retail and office

complex in Sydney CBD

was a revisioning of Sydneys

downtownMajor Street in the city

was transformed into a pedestrian

area from 1968-1978

S d


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LocationSydney is located 33 degres 55' south of the equator

Sydney

receives sunshine for 342 days per year

annual rainfall of approximately 48 inches.

Climate

Sydney

Overshadowing of Public Spaces

shadow diagrams of Hyde Park showing large areas are shaded

further buildings are not allowed as to escape from an entire wall

of shadow

SUBURBANIZATION: Housing Development


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g p

Before: houses were just one storey

development

1950s+: higher density development

was promoted for more efficient use of

urban land

Problem encountered:

Street frontages were dominated by

garages

Solution: unobstructed residential street

where people can meet-up and socialize

T t ti


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Transportation

Transportation


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TransportationRailways were connected to the ports

1997 Bus Rail interchange were

constructed to give the public smooth

travel

Transportation


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Transportationinner suburbs served by tram routes

outer suburbs served by rail system, which

was used to promote suburbanization

Blacktown Town Center: located on a railway junction

1980: Bankstown

suburban

development

Sydney Airportthe expansion of the city gave way

t t ti f i t


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Sydney Airport to construction of airports

Sydneyairport.com.au

Late 20th Century Sydney


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Late 20th Century SydneySydney Tram Museum (1950)

Powerhouse Museum opened(1988)

Sydney Jewish Museum opened (1992)

Sydney Opera House was opened (1973)

Sydney Tower (1981)Wharf Theatre opened (1984)

Chinese Garden of Friendship (1988)

Bicentennial Park opened

Sydney Exhibition Centre opened

The Australian National Maritime Museum (1991)The Museum of Contemporary Art

The Sydney Harbour Tunnel (1992)

Macquarie Towers (1994)

Museum of Sydney (1995)The Anzac Bridge (1996)

Star City Casino Complex opened (1997)

Sydney Olympic Park


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Sydney Olympic ParkSydney Olympic Park

events of the 2000 Olympic Games took

place at Sydney Olympic Park

first Olympic Games of the new millenniumin September 2000

21st Century Sydney


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21st Century SydneyAurora Place (2001)

The Olympic Games were held in Sydney in 2000

Ian Thorpe Aquatic Centre (2007)

The Rocks Discovery Museum (2005)

. .

R e f e r e n c e s


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R e f e r e n c e s

cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au


HarbourBridge.com.au

sydneyports.com.au

metrostrategy.nsw.gov.au

Webber, G.P. Ed., The Design of Sydney. Sydney: The Law Book Company Limited, 1988.

Toon, John and Jonathan Falk, Ed. Sydney Planning or Politics : Town Planning for Sydney Region since 1945. Sydney: Planning and Research

Center Univeristy of Sydney, 2006.

heritage.nsw.gov.au

sl.nsw.gov.au

I m a g e s


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Tank Stream superimposed on a map of current Sydney. - (Reproduced from

W V Aird, The Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage of Sydney, The

Metropolitan Water Sewerage & Drainage Board, Sydney , 1961.

Tank Stream - Sydney Water Corporation

Alexandria canal

- flickr.com/photos/ghee/

- alexcanal.com

Pitt Street

- flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum-Adam.J.W.C.

The Rocks Discovery Museum

-sydney.diarystar.com.au

g

Maps:

- Google Earth

- National Library of Australia

Harbour Bridge - flickr.com/photos/pacocanker ; HarbourBridge.com.au

Founding of Australia - sl.nsw.gov.au


-Map of Australia -

-HMS Sirius

cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au

- Aborigine woman portrait

- New South Wales painting

-Bennelong portrait

Aurora Place

-smh.com.au

sydneyairport.com.au

-Control Tower

-International Terminal

Webber, G.P. Ed., The Design of Sydney. Sydney: The Law Book Company

Limited, 1988.

-Images of Sydneys growth

--Sydney Cove 1824

Government House - heritage.nsw.gov.au

Arch162 - Sydney

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