Arch Led2008 Ssl Energy Legislative2

Energy and Legislative issues pertaining to Solid State Lighting

Sameer SodhiGeneral Manager, LED Systems

Presentation Overview

OSRAM SYLVANIA Introduction

LED’s versus incumbent technologies

Energy savings potential of SSL

Legislative updates relevant to SSL

OSRAM SYLVANIA’s vision for LED lighting

OSRAM SYLVANIA is committed to develop and promote environmentally friendly and energy efficient lighting systems.

LED systems for general and specialty lighting and automotive headlamps reflect our current focus on commercializing this technology.

We believe in using lighting technology to offer products that are useful, create new applications and are fun to use

“We make better light for better living”

LED value chain:Bridging the gap between discrete devices and system solutions

Board Heatsink

Optics Driver LightSource

Power+Control

Fixture

OEM’s

Chip Package

OSRAM SYLVANIA

Key advantages of LED’s for general illumination

• Long life (50K hrs)

• Directional light source

• Small size

• Flexible light source/unique looks/trendy

• Color tunability of white light

• Colored lighting

• Energy efficiency/savings

• Maintenance cost savings

• Low voltage/safety

• Rugged

Lighting Technology Comparison:Lamp LPW vs. technology

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

LPW

Linear FL

Induction FL

HID HPSodium

CFL

HID Metal Halide

LED System

Incandescent

The above graph represents lamp level efficacies. Looking at things from a luminaire efficacy perspective or an application efficacy perspective yields different results

Mercury vapor lamps

1904

1950//

100

50

Light source efficacy

( Lumen/Watt)

CFL

1981

Incandescent1879

Halogen1959

Light Source Efficacy over Time Comparison

Year of invention

Fluorescent

1938

Metal halide lamps

1961

WhitePower LED

2000

1996

2002

2006

2008

2012

LED Device Efficacy Roadmap Instant-on, 350mA

Max. Device Efficacy228lm/W, 6500K, 75CRI Max. Device Efficacy

162lm/W, 3000K, 90CRI

Source: Multi-Year program plan, SSL R&D, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant consulting, March 2008

LED Device Cost Roadmap

Source: Multi-Year program plan, SSL R&D, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant consulting, March 2008

Breakdown of lighting energy consumption 2001 (US)

Quad = quadrillion British thermal units. 10,768 BTU = 1kWh

Approximate energy consumption for lighting in 2007 could be as high as 8.8 Quads or 821 TWhr/yr

22 % of all electrical energy consumption in the US is for lighting (Approx. 765 Twh or 8.2 Quads used for lighting in 2001)

Lighting Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

58 TWh/yr

108 TWh/yr

208 TWh/yr

391 TWh/yr

Energy consumption by lighting technologies, 2001

HID14%

Fluorescent42%

Incandescent44%

321 TWh/yr

313 TWh/yr

130 TWh/yr

Total consumption 765 TWh/yr

Annual electricity consumption estimates by niche sectors

Application Annual Electricity Consumption

(TWh)

2007 LED Market

Penetration

2007 Electricity Savings realized

(TWh)

Potential Maximum Electricity Savings

(TWh)

Colored Lighting

Traffic Signals 2.38 52% 2.82 4.85

Decorative holiday lights 6.63 5.2% 0.33 6.3

Exit signs 2.5 88% 4.56 5.18

Electric signage 11.6 6.1% 0.95 7.53

Indoor White-Light Applications

Recessed downlights 103.1 81.2

Refrigerated display cases 13.4 3.6% 0.08 2.1

Retail display 32 7.9

Task lighting 18.8 13

Kitchen under-cabinet lighting 2.84 2.2

Office undershelf lighting 3.43 1.4

Outdoor White-Light Applications

Street and area lights 178.3 44.7

Step, Path, and Porch lights 22 12.6

Total 397 TWh 8.7 TWh 189 TWh

Source: Energy savings estimates of light emitting diodes in niche lighting applications, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant Consulting, Sep 2008

Energy savings potential of SSL

The 12 niche segments represent approximately 67% of all lighting electrical energy consumption annually

Current total electrical energy savings from LED penetration is approximately 1%, primarily from Exit signs and Traffic signals

The maximum potential lighting electrical energy savings from fully converting to LEDs in these niche segments would be approximately 23% (189 TWh out of 821 TWh)

» This would be equivalent to avoiding approximately 23 coal power plants (1000 MW stations)

» Alternatively, enough electricity would be saved to power approximately 15 million homes

Current energy savings estimates from LEDs is based on luminaire efficacies of 22.5 lm/W to 60.9 lm/W – as efficacies improve the savings could be even higher

As other segments adopt LEDs the total potential for energy savings would increase further

The above analysis was only for the US market – global impact would be significantly higher

Vertical door freezer case application example

Linear Fluorescent (58W lamp) LED

Light exiting fixture (after losses at 20º F)

1400 lm 1100 lm

CCT 4100K 4100K

Typical input power (with ballast/power supply)

55W 22W

Typ efficacy (LED PS 85%) 25 LPW 50 LPW

LED luminaires can deliver significant energy savings while maintaining acceptable light levels!

100% improvement in efficacy.

Significant savings in energy

Vertical door freezer case application examples

Recessed downlight application example

CFL (32W lamp) LED

Lightsource Lumens 2400 lm 1470 lm

Light exiting fixture (after losses)

1134 lm 1134 lm

CCT 3500K 3500K

Typical input power (with ballast/power supply)

35W 26W

Typ efficacy (LED PS 85%) 32.4 LPW 43.6 LPW

LED luminaires can meet and exceed CFL luminaire efficacy!

34.5% improvement in efficacy

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DLM700

700 lumens

CRI: 80

65° beam angle

CCT: 3500K and 2700K

Integrated and fully optimized system

Smooth distribution, low aperture brightness

No pixilation

46 LPW (thermally stabilized w. power supply)

A directional LED lightsource example

Recessed downlight application examples

Legislative updatesEISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007)

Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), effective December 19th, 2007. Public Law 110-140

Builds on directives issued in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005)

Instituted “Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes” for solid state lighting

Mandates increase in energy efficacy of general service incandescent lamps starting 2012

Directs Secretary of Energy to initiate rulemaking to establish standards for general service lamps (LEDs, OLEDs, general service incandescent lamps, CFLs) greater or equal to 45 lm/W by January 1, 2020

Authorizes a lighting research and development program of $10 Million/yr for fiscal years 2008 - 2013

EPACT 2005Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58

EPACT 2005 directs the Secretary of Energy to;

• Carry out a “Next Generation Lighting Initiative” to support the research and development of solid-state lighting

• Develop SSL technologies based on white LEDs that are longer lasting, more energy efficient, and cost competitive to incumbent technologies

• Competitively select an Industry Alliance to represent private, for-profit firms that are representative of the US SSL research, development, infrastructure and manufacturing expertise

• Develop roadmaps in consultation with the industry alliance

»The Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA), administered by NEMA signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DOE in February 2005 to enhance the manufacturing and commercialization of SSL technologies

Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes

• Government sponsored competition to spur the development of highly efficient solid state lighting products to replace the common light bulb.

• Establishes 3 categories of prizes for solid state lighting products

• Competition would include a rigorous evaluation process including performance and lifetime testing, field installations, and stress tests

60W Incandescent Replacement Lamp

PAR38 Halogen Replacement Lamp

21st Century Lamp

• More than 90 lm/W

• Less than 10 W

• More than 900 lumens

• More than 25,000 hours

• More than 90 CRI

• CCT between 2750 K to 3000K

• Award amount $10 M


• Less than 11 W




• CCT between 2750 K to 3000 K






• CCT between 2750 K to 3000 K


EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service Incandescent Lamps Coverage and General Requirements

Covers incandescent or halogen lamps Intended for general service applications

– Medium screw base lamps– Lumen range of 310-2600 (40-100W in today’s wattages)– Capable of operating in range of 110-130V

Establishes maximum wattages for 4 specific lumen ranges, minimum rated life and CRICaps wattage on two other types

– Candelabra-base lamps at 60W– Intermediate-base lamps at 40W

Outlaws all adapters to medium screw base socketsIdentifies types not covered

– Appliance, bug, colored, infrared, marine, mine, reflector, rough service, shatter-resistant, sign, 3-way, traffic, vibration service, etc.

Establishes a watch list of 5 lamp types that may be regulated in the future

– Rough service, vibration service, 3-way, shatter-resistant and 2601-3300 lumen lamps (150W)

EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service Incandescent LampNew Federal Standards

Modified spectrum (Daylight™) lumen ranges are 25% lower, same max watts

Minimum 80 CRI except for modified spectrum, which is a minimum of 75 CRI

Current Wattage

Rated Lumen Ranges

New Maximum

Rated Wattage

Minimum Rated

Lifetime

Effective Date (Manufactured

on or after)

100 1490-2600 72 1,000 hours 1/1/2012

75 1050-1489 53 1,000 hours 1/1/2013

60 750-1049 43 1,000 hours 1/1/2014

40 310-749 29 1,000 hours 1/1/2014

General Service Incandescent Lamps EISA Effect on States

California and Nevada are not pre-empted on timing

– California’s Title 20 standards effective 1/1/2008 remain in effect until the Federal standards become effective

»40W became 38W; 60W → 57W; 75W→71W; 100W→95W (5% energy savings)

– Nevada adopted legislation that called for all “general purpose lights” sold in the state to be 25 LPW by 1/1/2012

– California and Nevada may (and will) adopt the Federal standards no more than one year earlier than the Federal effective dates

»Phase-in schedule must be maintained – starts in 2011 and ends in 2013 instead of starting in 2012 and ending in 2014

All other states are preempted from enacting anything different from federal standards & federal timing

EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service LampsNext DOE Rulemaking

Per EISA, to begin no later than 1/1/2014

If standards are amended, then…

– Final rule to be published not later than 1/1/2017

– Effective date not earlier than 3 years after final rule is published

“If the DOE fails to complete a rulemaking or if the final rule does not produce savings that are ≥ the savings from a minimum efficacy standard of 45 LPW, effective 1/1/2020, the Secretary shall prohibit the sale of any general service lamp that does not meet a minimum efficacy of 45 LPW.”

California may also adopt in 2018 whatever the feds set for 2020

NOTE: In 2020 any new minimum LPW standard applies to all general service lamps, not just to general service incandescent lamps.

EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) What is a general service lamp?

The term “general service lamp” includes– general service incandescent lamps (medium screw base)– compact fluorescent lamps (no base mentioned)– general service LED or OLED lamps (no base mentioned)– any other lamps DOE determines are used to satisfy lighting

applications traditionally served by general service incandescent lamps

This EISA provision could mean – General service incandescent and halogen as we know them are

gone – to be replaced by CFL and LED, or….– CFLs & LEDs will be subject to separate, higher LPW standards,

or…– Both

Barriers to adoption of LED technology in General Lighting

Consistent quality of light»Binning challenges and limitations

»CRI of some of the white light generation techniques (RGB, RGBW, RW…)

Standardization is evolving»Of terminologies

»Of performance metrics

»And eventually of light sources/systems

Initial system costs are still quite high

Continued rapid pace of change in technology

Emergence of OLEDs, other inorganic LED technologies, improvements in existing lighting technologies

Interior Lighting

LED Lighting Examples:Decorative uplighting

Lotte Adventure World, Seoul, Korea

HF2chain

Acanto, Milan , Italy

LINEARlight Colormix Flex

LED Lighting Examples:Decorative coves

General Illumination LED Examples:Cove Lighting

Jefferson Memorial, Washington DC

LINEARlight Flex

LED Lighting Examples:Display cases

Arch Led2008 Ssl Energy Legislative2

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