•  Every  day  in  the  U.S.,  5  to  10  people  are  sent  to  special  burn  units  due  to  arc-­‐flash  burns.    

•  “One  person  dies  every  day  from  these  mul?-­‐trauma  events.”  

Mark Zeller & Gary Scheer. “Add Trip Security to Arc-Flash Detection for Safety and Reliability.” Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. 2009.

Arc  Flash  

What  Is  a  Burn?    

  A  chemical  process  which  progressively  injures  skin.  Severity  relates  to  depth.  

  1st  :  Redness,  pain  –  not  permanent    2nd  :  Blistering  –  skin  will  regenerate    3rd  :  Total  skin  depth  destroyed.    Will  not  regenerate  –  requires  

graSing    4th  :  Underlying  muscle  damaged  

Info from the Journal of the American Medical Association

Where FR shirt protected

Arc Flash Timeline

Ralph Lee

“The Other Electrical Hazard:

Electric Arc Blast Burns”

1982 1991

Arc Flash first defined

by OSHA

5th Ed. of NFPA70E

recognizes flash hazard

and established flash hazard

boundary And PPE

requirements

1995

OSHA, NFPA 70E, NEC, IEEE 1584 all support the proper

protection of employees from

shock and arc flash hazards

2011

What is the employers responsibility?

1.  Keep their workers safe

2.  Abide by current federal and state regulations in respective area of hazard

3.  Use recognized codes and standards for assistance

“...to ensure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”

General Duty Clause “Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to him or her.”

OSHA 1910.332(b)(1) Practices addressed in this standard. Employees shall be trained in and familiar with the safety-related work practices required by 1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertains to their respective job assignments.

“The employer is required to conduct an assessment in accordance with CFR 1910.132(D)(1). If an arc flash is present, or likely to be present, then the employer must select and require employees to use the protective apparel. Employers who conduct the hazard/risk assessment, and select and require their employees to use protective clothing and other PPE appropriate for the task, as stated in the NFPA 70E, are deemed in compliance with the hazard assessment and equipment selection OSHA standard.”

OSHA Regional Administrator Richard S. Terrill

Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment.

• OSHA gives employers general regulations that are enforceable by law • The General Duty Clause gives OSHA the flexibility to adopt other standards • OSHA does reference the NFPA 70E in their inspections

Article 90.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide a practical safe working area for employees relative to the hazards arising from the use of electricity.

• NFPA 70E is THE consensus standard for electrical safety • It was created in 1979 as an aid to OSHA for safe work practices consistent with the NEC • 70E cites ANSI standards and ASTM standards for PPE and other equipment

What  is  the  rela?onship  between  OSHA  and  the  NFPA    70E  

OSHA  has  been  asked  for  a  formal  interpreta6on  as  to  its  rela6onship  with  the  NFPA  70E.          

Let's hear directly from an OSHA official - David Wallis - Federal OSHA on NFPA 70E enforcement

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • There is a ANSI standard for nearly every article of PPE required by OSHA • “A premier source for timely, relevant, actionable information on national, regional, international standards and conformity assessment issues.”

• IEEE 1584 defines the practice for performing detailed arc flash calculations • “This method has become the currently accepted industry practice used for calculating the prospective incident energy that could be available at a given location which can be used to determine the PPE requirements.”

1584  IEEE  Guide  for  Performing  Arc-­‐Flash  Hazard  Calcula?ons  

• American Society for Testing and Materials • Determines materials and design of PPE • Determines testing methods for PPE for quality control assurance

Article 90.1 Purpose The purpose of this code is the practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity

• NFPA publishes NEC and NFPA 70E to be used as compatible ‘partners’ to cover safe installation and safe work practices • NEC contains specific labeling requirements that can be met by organizations such as UL and ANSI

Herzig  Engineering  Warning  Labels  

Herzig  Engineering  Warning  Labels  

Herzig  Engineering  Warning  Labels  

Herzig  Engineering  Warning  Labels  

Herzig  Engineering  Warning  Labels  

Herzig  Engineering  Danger  Labels  

Shock  Protec?on  

SHOCK  HAZARD  Boundaries  

(Based  on  Voltage  only)  

NFPA70E        TABLE  130.2(C)  

PPE NFPA70E 130.7(C)(13)

(c)

Second Degree Burn 1.2 cal/cm squared (Calculated Value)

Incident Energy (Calculated Value)

Working Distance

IEEE 1584 4.8 Step 7: tables

PPE (Clothing and

Equipment For Arc Flash)

NFPA70E 130.7 (C)(10)

Arc  Flash  Protec?on  

  Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. A study investigating a worker’s potential exposure to arc-flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices and the appropriate levels of PPE.

Important  Defini?on      

NFPA70E -- Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Edition – Article 100

  130.3  Arc  Flash  Hazard  Analysis.  

     An  arc  flash  hazard  analysis  shall  determine  the  Arc  Flash  Protec;on  Boundary  and  the  PPE  that  people  within  the  Arc  Flash  Protec;on  Boundary  shall  use.  

Arc  Flash  Hazard  Analysis  

  130.3  Arc  Flash  Hazard  Analysis  

     The  arc  flash  hazard  analysis  shall  be  updated  when  a  major  modifica;on  or  renova;on  takes  place.  

     It  shall  be  reviewed  periodically,  NOT  TO  EXCEED  5  YEARS.  

Arc  Flash  Hazard  Analysis  

  THESE  ARE  EXTREMELY  IMPORTANT  ENGINEERING  CALCULATIONS    They  should  be  performed  by  a  Registered  Professional  Engineer  

  These  registra;ons  go  State  by  State  NOTE:  Other  companies  have  started  doing  these  analysis  that  are  not  engineering  firms.    This  could  shiX  the  liability  to  you  for  selec;ng  someone  not  recognized  and  licensed  by  the  state.  

Arc  Flash  Hazard  Analysis  

Collec;on  of  Data  

Engineering  Analysis  

Reports  and  One-­‐Lines  

Collec?on  of  Data  

  Exis?ng  one  lines  and  other  electrical  prints  

  Conductor  sizes  and  lengths    Distribu?on  equipment  types  

and  ra?ngs    Overcurrent  protec?on  

informa?on    Transformer  ra?ngs  and  

impedances    Available  energy  levels  incoming  

to  plant  

Engineering  Analysis  

  Colla?ng  and  the  analyzing  of  informa?on  obtained  during  the  collec?on  of  data  stage  

  Inpuhng  of  informa?on  into  engineering  analysis  program  

  Building  of  electrical  distribu?on  networks    Cross  review  of  informa?on  to  electrical  system    Crea?on  of  one-­‐line  diagrams    Genera?on  of  fault  analysis  informa?on    Genera?on  of  arc  flash  informa?on  

Reports  and  One-­‐Lines  

  Complete  reports  on  arc  flash  analysis  results  

  Details  on  hazard  risk  category’s  (HRC’s)    One-­‐Lines  showing  your  complete  electrical  distribu?on  system    Bolted  fault  current    Hazard  Risk  Category    Voltage  

The  same  equipment  set-­‐up  can  have  different  hazard  risk  categories.      

Dependent  on    -­‐Available  fault  energy    -­‐Upstream  overcurrent  device  

Current  Limi?ng  Overcurrent  Devices  

The  Future  of  Arc    Flash  Technology  

• Arc flash absorber* - Uses ionized gas to transfer the open arc into a contained electrical system in less than 200 microseconds (0.0002 seconds). -Absorbs 20 percent of the electrical energy

• High resistance grounding** -There is no arc flash hazard, as there is with solidly grounded systems, since the fault current is limited to approximately 5 A.

*Singh, Seema. IEEE Spectrum. “New Technology to Trap Killer Sparks” . March 2009. **Cochran, Andrew. IAEI Magazine Online. “Using Technology to Minimize the Arc-Flash Hazard”. January 2009.

UNTIL THEN…

Arc Flash Detection Sensors -By detecting light from the arc flash incident, this device, when used in parallel with existing overcurrent devices, could shorten the time and therefore lessen the extremity of the incident energy

Mark Zeller & Gary Scheer. “Add Trip Security to Arc-Flash Detection for Safety and Reliability.” Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. 2009.

The  Future  of  Arc    Flash  Technology  

Suit up! Be Safe!

Conclusion and

Questions?

  816-­‐734-­‐8300    Bob  Herzig  bherzig@bobherzig.com    Marcy  Hall  mhall@bobherzig.com    www.arcflashconsultants.com