Arc Hydro: An Introduction Dean Djokic ESRI. Review of geodatabase issues Adding shapefiles and...

Arc Hydro: An Introduction

Dean DjokicDean Djokic

ESRI

Review of geodatabase issuesReview of geodatabase issues

Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabasemake a geodatabase

Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase.make a (efficient) geodatabase.

Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownershipand ownership

When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own perilperil

SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow developmentreplace the need for careful workflow development

Arc Hydro Data ModelArc Hydro Data Model

Parcel …Arc Hydro

Template Data Models

HEC …FEMA

Project Data Models

Feature TopologyObject

ArcGIS Core Data Model

OGC

FGDC

ISO

GIS/IT Standards

Industry

Templates Provide an Important Link Between Project Teams, Standards, and ESRI Software Development

Template Data ModelsTemplate Data Models

Arc HydroArc Hydro Extension of geodatabase model for support of water Extension of geodatabase model for support of water

resources applications (template data model)resources applications (template data model) Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Culmination of a three year process led by D.R.

Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book) – second phase in progress(Arc Hydro book) – second phase in progress

Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functionsdesign and basic water resources functions

Starting pointStarting point for water resources database and for water resources database and application developmentapplication development

Basic idea: Transition from …Basic idea: Transition from …Streams

Drainage Areas

Hydrography

Channels

Terrain Surfaces

Rainfall Response

Digital Orthophotos

Data Model Based on Inventory

… … and …and …Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

Data Model Based on Behavior

… … to Arc Hydro data modelto Arc Hydro data model

Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing pathof water movement

Integrate Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model

Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts Define core feature classes for water resources Define core feature classes for water resources

analysesanalyses Establish relationships between core feature classesEstablish relationships between core feature classes Use geometric network for tying pieces togetherUse geometric network for tying pieces together Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionalityMobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Custom tools for some of the attribute managementCustom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for advanced “water resources” Custom tools for advanced “water resources”

functionalityfunctionality

Data Model PurposeData Model Purpose

Target audience: Water resources (surface) Target audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementationimplementation

Starting point for project model designStarting point for project model design Not a “do all” designNot a “do all” design Not implementation/application specific, but Not implementation/application specific, but

provides the key components to develop on top ofprovides the key components to develop on top of

Arc Hydro

Template Data Model ApproachesTemplate Data Model Approaches

Floodplain WQ

Permitting

Water Resources

Arc Hydro Database DefinitionArc Hydro Database Definition

A geospatial and temporal data model for water A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGISresources that operates within ArcGIS

Five key conceptual areasFive key conceptual areas– DrainageDrainage– Flow networkFlow network– HydrographyHydrography– Channel descriptionChannel description– Time seriesTime series

Arc Hydro SchemaArc Hydro Schema

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Network

Channel

Drainage

HydroFeatures

Arc Hydro Data ModelArc Hydro Data Model

Arc Hydro Data Model DetailsArc Hydro Data Model Details

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Arc Hydro Arc Hydro FrameworkFramework

Arc Hydro Key FieldsArc Hydro Key Fields

Few predefined fields/attributesFew predefined fields/attributes– Identification/relatesIdentification/relates

» HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, …FeatureID, …

» HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, …HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, …

– MeasuresMeasures» LengthKm, AreaSqKmLengthKm, AreaSqKm» LengthDown, DrainAreaLengthDown, DrainArea

– AuxiliaryAuxiliary» FType, Name, Flowdir, …FType, Name, Flowdir, …

RelationshipsRelationships

Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties.predefined ID properties.– HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID, HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID,

DrainID)DrainID)» ““HydroJunctionHasWaterbody”HydroJunctionHasWaterbody”» ““HydroJunctionHasWatershed”HydroJunctionHasWatershed”» ““HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint”HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint”» ““MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”

RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition)(an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition)

RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design)(an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design)

RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use)(an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use)

Geometric NetworkGeometric Network

Establishes connectivity between core feature Establishes connectivity between core feature classesclasses

Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest)junctions (confluences, other points of interest)

Other feature classes connected to junctions Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed)HydroJunctionHasWatershed)

Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality)out of box ArcGIS network functionality)

Connecting to time seriesConnecting to time series

HydroID

CrossSectionHydroPoint

DrainagePoint Junction

TimeSeries

Time

Flow

FeatureID

FeatureID of time seriesis HydroID of the feature the time series describes

Time Series Data StructureTime Series Data Structure

Nexrad Radar RainfallNexrad Radar Rainfall

Arc Hydro data in Space and Time

Additional Time Series ComponentsAdditional Time Series Components

Arc Hydro ToolsArc Hydro Tools

Extending Arc Hydro Data ModelExtending Arc Hydro Data Model

Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database design complex database design

Arc Hydro data model can be extended with Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored)some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored)

Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN)Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN) (Basically use anything available in ArcGIS)(Basically use anything available in ArcGIS) Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize

duplication of effortduplication of effort

Extending Arc Hydro Data ModelExtending Arc Hydro Data Model

More application specific “stuff”

GeoRAS Data Model - SchemaGeoRAS Data Model - Schema

Numeric modeling supportNumeric modeling support

Embedded modeling (external dlls, VB, …)Embedded modeling (external dlls, VB, …) Direct db modeling supportDirect db modeling support XML driven import/export processXML driven import/export process

GIS

MIKE 21 HMS

FLDWAV

SWMM

MIKE 11

RAS

Other …

N

2 * NBi-directional

XML

Generic data exchange principleGeneric data exchange principle

Where’s Arc Hydro ?Where’s Arc Hydro ?

Hydro model page at: Hydro model page at: support.esri.com/datamodelssupport.esri.com/datamodels

Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Consortium at: Consortium at: www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydrowww.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydro

Dr.Maidment’s home page at: Dr.Maidment’s home page at: www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidmentwww.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment

Phase II of Arc HydroPhase II of Arc Hydro More Tools More Tools

– Time series, ID management, Terrain preprocessing, ...Time series, ID management, Terrain preprocessing, ... Data model changes – update to time series component, Data model changes – update to time series component,

groundwatergroundwater Training (14 so far)Training (14 so far) StatusStatus

– Self-sustainingSelf-sustaining Get involved into Consortium activitiesGet involved into Consortium activities

– MeetingsMeetings– ContributorsContributors– Personal communicationPersonal communication– ProjectsProjects

Describing the hydrologic cycleDescribing the hydrologic cycle

HydrographyHydrography

Hydro NetworkHydro Network

Channel SystemChannel System

Drainage SystemDrainage System

Hydrogeologic unit Borehole

Layers Solid

Atmospheric – Land surface

Arc Hydro surface water

Arc Hydro groundwater






Layers











Layers


Layers Solid


Arc Hydro surface water

Arc Hydro groundwater

Flow

Time

Time Series

Extend Arc Hydro data model to include representation Extend Arc Hydro data model to include representation of groundwater systemsof groundwater systems

Goals:Goals:– Support representation of regional groundwater systems– Support representation of site scale groundwater studies– Enable the integration of surface water and groundwater data– Connect to groundwater modeling software

Arc Hydro GW data model objectiveArc Hydro GW data model objective

Integration of surface water and Integration of surface water and groundwater modelsgroundwater models




Drainage SystemDrainage System Hydrogeologic unit Borehole

Layers Solid

Groundwater models

Simulated results

Surface water models

Simulated results

Arc Hydro data model

Applying Arc HydroApplying Arc Hydro

Many Aspects of Arc HydroMany Aspects of Arc Hydro

Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House

Database design

Application

“Standard”

Tools

Marketing

Development environment

Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt www.naturalchild.org/jason

Applying Arc HydroApplying Arc Hydro Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of

water resources applicationswater resources applications Addition of features and feature classesAddition of features and feature classes Addition of functionality (tools)Addition of functionality (tools) Various entitiesVarious entities

– ESRIESRI– CRWR (SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …)CRWR (SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …)– Other (DHI, USGS, OMNR, SJRWMD, …)Other (DHI, USGS, OMNR, SJRWMD, …)

Applying Arc Hydro (ESRI)Applying Arc Hydro (ESRI) Current activities:Current activities:

– River hydraulics & hydrologyRiver hydraulics & hydrology» HEC-GeoRAS and FLDWAVHEC-GeoRAS and FLDWAV

» HEC-GeoHMSHEC-GeoHMS

– StreamStatsStreamStats– So.Cal fires debris flow predictionsSo.Cal fires debris flow predictions– DEM Editing toolsDEM Editing tools– NHD in Arc HydroNHD in Arc Hydro– SWFWMDSWFWMD– ApFrameworkApFramework

River Hydraulics in 8.*River Hydraulics in 8.*

Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoRAS solution to ArcGIS platform.GeoRAS solution to ArcGIS platform.– Fully support RAS 3.0 functionalityFully support RAS 3.0 functionality– New (improved) UINew (improved) UI– Additional spatial data inputAdditional spatial data input

» Levees, ineffective flow areas, …Levees, ineffective flow areas, …

» Terrain definition by TIN and GRIDTerrain definition by TIN and GRID

– XML data I/OXML data I/O Will be released as HEC “product”Will be released as HEC “product” Extension of Arc Hydro data modelExtension of Arc Hydro data model

Finalized initial developmentFinalized initial development– Beta 6 releasedBeta 6 released

To be doneTo be done– Final tweaksFinal tweaks– Documentation and online helpDocumentation and online help

Support for FLDWAV (NWS)Support for FLDWAV (NWS) TIN intersection issues (TIN building with TIN intersection issues (TIN building with

close-by nodes)close-by nodes)


Preprocessing

ModelingExport

Import

Postprocessing

Visualization

GeoRAS


Hydrology in 8.*Hydrology in 8.*

Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoHMS solution to ArcGIS platform.GeoHMS solution to ArcGIS platform.– Fully support HMS functionality (GeoHMS 1.1)Fully support HMS functionality (GeoHMS 1.1)– New (improved) UINew (improved) UI– Geodatabase implementationGeodatabase implementation– XML data I/OXML data I/O

StatusStatus– GeoHMS – work in progress, May timeframe for beta - GeoHMS – work in progress, May timeframe for beta -

AWRA in Nashville)AWRA in Nashville)

StreamStats (USGS)StreamStats (USGS) Implementation of USGS regression equations for Implementation of USGS regression equations for

flow computations at ungaged locations (WDNR flow computations at ungaged locations (WDNR ArcView 3 implementation)ArcView 3 implementation)

Web based application (and desktop)Web based application (and desktop) Status – prototype for ID completed, work on Status – prototype for ID completed, work on

several other Statesseveral other States Phase II contractedPhase II contracted Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all additional Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all additional

GIS functionality is rolled-into Arc HydroGIS functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro

Functionality:Functionality:– Select point of interestSelect point of interest– Delineate watershedDelineate watershed– Extract watershed characteristics (area, CN, …)Extract watershed characteristics (area, CN, …)– Send to NFF and get results backSend to NFF and get results back– ““Publish” resultsPublish” results

StreamStats (USGS)StreamStats (USGS)

1) Select area

2) Delineate watershed

3) Get results

StreamStats (USGS)StreamStats (USGS)

Implement USGS debris flow prediction model Implement USGS debris flow prediction model within ArcGIS environmentwithin ArcGIS environment– Peak flowPeak flow

– Probability of occurrenceProbability of occurrence

– Custom regression calculatorCustom regression calculator

Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats functionality for watershed delineation and functionality for watershed delineation and characterizationcharacterization– Generalization of characteristics extractionGeneralization of characteristics extraction

New functionality rolled-into Arc HydroNew functionality rolled-into Arc Hydro

So.Cal Fires Debris Flow PredictionsSo.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions

So.Cal Fires Debris Flow PredictionsSo.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions

DEM Editing Tools (HEC)DEM Editing Tools (HEC)

Tools for micro-editing of DEM (grid)Tools for micro-editing of DEM (grid)– Develop “hydrologicaly”-correct DEMDevelop “hydrologicaly”-correct DEM

Status – application delivered to HECStatus – application delivered to HEC FunctionalityFunctionality

– Raise or drop a point of interestRaise or drop a point of interest– Burn/fence local lines/polysBurn/fence local lines/polys– DEM QC functionsDEM QC functions– DEM assemblyDEM assembly

DEM Editing Tools (HEC)DEM Editing Tools (HEC)

NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS)NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS) Editing application for NHD data (NHDinGeo)Editing application for NHD data (NHDinGeo)

– Process-driven (workflow)Process-driven (workflow) Status – development underway, completion by Status – development underway, completion by

end of Mayend of May NHDinGeo data model completedNHDinGeo data model completed NHDinGeo and NHDinGeoARC data being NHDinGeo and NHDinGeoARC data being

generatedgenerated Return to coverage model required Return to coverage model required

(NHDinGeoARC)(NHDinGeoARC) Work on making NHDinGeo Arc Hydro compliantWork on making NHDinGeo Arc Hydro compliant

NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS)NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS)

SWFWMDSWFWMD Implementation of Watershed Modeling Implementation of Watershed Modeling

Database in Arc Hydro framework (from Database in Arc Hydro framework (from coverages into geodatabase)coverages into geodatabase)

Key elements:Key elements:– GIS database design for support of watershed GIS database design for support of watershed

management programmanagement program– Additional Arc Hydro tools for management of Additional Arc Hydro tools for management of

“bombing range” terrain type“bombing range” terrain type– Enterprise – project geodatabase interaction Enterprise – project geodatabase interaction

issuesissues

Common threadsCommon threads

Use of existing data model, tools, and techniques Use of existing data model, tools, and techniques (Arc Hydro) as a base for development(Arc Hydro) as a base for development

Economy in developmentEconomy in development– Existing tools (functionality consolidation)Existing tools (functionality consolidation)– Same coding core (ApFramework)Same coding core (ApFramework)– Same configuration methodology (XML)Same configuration methodology (XML)– Same model I/O approach (XML)Same model I/O approach (XML)

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