ARC-344 FINAL PROJECT Z.Talha BASTEM METU NCC Human Adaptation to the Built Environment.
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Transcript of ARC-344 FINAL PROJECT Z.Talha BASTEM METU NCC Human Adaptation to the Built Environment.
ARC-344FINAL PROJECT
Z.Talha BASTEMMETU NCC
Human Adaptation to the Built Environment
OUTLINE• Introduction• Adaptation• Built Environment • Build environment circle
• Thermal comfort• Thermal adaptation• Adaptation to indoor climate• Adaptation to indoor air pollution• Noise pollution • Clothing • Human Adaptation to Climate change
• Conclusion• References
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Introduction
• The reason for choosing this topic is to understand the some factors that have effect on built environment and how people can adapt to these factors.
• This research topic is about some factors in built environment and people should adapt this environment in order to survive.
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Adaptation
• Definitions:
1. ‘‘ Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts
that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better
fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.’’ (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/adaptation)
2. ‘‘ The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an
organism to become more suited to an environment ’’ (http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Adaptation)
•
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BUILT ENVIROMENT
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Definition: ‘‘ It is everything humanly created, modified, or constructed,
humanly made, arranged, or maintained.’’ (Bartuska & Young, 1994)
Examples: water supply or energy networks ,gardens, plazas...
human needs, thoughts, and actions is the creativity function that occur built
environment.
http://www.chalmers.se/en/areas-of-advance/builtenvironment/Documents/Bild%20glob%20Built%20Environment.jpg
Built Enviroment circle
6http://www.publichealth.ie/sites/default/files/built%20environment%20diagram.gif
• According To ASHRAE-55(as cited in Tiwari
et al(2010), thermal comfort is pleasure of
human to his/her thermal environment.
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers is the
society that gives standards for thermal
comfort.• http://www.ashrae.org/
Thermal Comfort
7http://www.ashrae.org/Image%20Library/imgLib/20060907_mainlogo_100white.gif
http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm
1. Thermal Adaptation
• For example, the body-mass/body-surface ratio declines with heat of climate
(Schreider, 1951 as cited in Newman) and frequently, appears to be articulated by
small body size in tropical forest peoples and by more linear body builds in low-
latitude desert and savanna person(Newman, n.d). That means we can see small
and linear body size in people living in tropical forest and desert areas where there
is higher temperatures. 8
It is a adaptation that people can adapt when
they born or have mutation to catch thermal
Adaptation which is thermal comfort
http://www.austin-green-home.com/wp-content/uploads/thermal-bridge.gif
2. Adaptation to Indoor Climate
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According to the (Tiwari et al, 2010) adaptation to indoor climate can be expressed in three modes.
According to the (Tiwari et al, 2010) adaptation to indoor climate can be expressed in three modes.
1. Adjustment: behavioral and Technological changes
2. Habituation: psychological Adaptation i.e. changing Expectations
3. Acclimatization: Long term Physiological adaptation to Climate.
Opening the window.Turning on the heater.
Assuming it is hot when it is cold
Genetic adaptation
3. Adaptation to indoor air
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Indoor air pollution is related to the quality of air in the
interiors.
During the conference, not enough equipment to refresh the air,
people that involve conference cannot realize that the air density
is getting higher. However; if one person enter the conference
room, he can probably predict that the air quality in that
conference room is too low
http://www.umkc.edu/accf/images/rooms-image-small.jpg
4.Noise Adaptation
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Noise pollution is the result of excessive and annoying sounds that
occur from built environment elements such as transportation,
construction, water supply; it can be harmful to physical and
psychological health of human at high frequencies.
For Example, in highways, there are a lot of cars that make
noise. If there is one car on the road noise pollution can
be adapted easily. But if there is more than one car and if
there is also trucks on the highways the noise that they
create cannot be adapted easily.
Noise adaptation can change by age or gender. It can also
be different for people who come from different
countries, such as cities and villages (Wohlwill, 1974).http://uppergreenside.org/blog/2006/07/13/noise-pollution-trash-manhattans-biggest-qol-problems/
5.Clothing
• People choose their clothes to
adapt to the temperature of the
indoor or outdoor environments.
• For example in winter, we wear
coats to keep us warm in outside.
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http://eu.fotolia.com/id/32986252
‘‘ Thermal and mass transfer properties
of clothing affect sensible and latent
energy exchanges between the body and
its immediate environment, impacting
the body's heat-balance, its
thermophysiological response, and,
ultimately, conscious thermal
discomfort.’’ (Morgan et al,2002)
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http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/visible.html
Color waves have different both physical and chemical characteristic for each wave. It is called visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, we need to wear black sweatshirt in winter since black can absorb the sun light rays and keep us warm. However, in the summer time, wearing white t-shirts can deflect the sun light therefore keeping us cool. Also painting the house according to color waves is beneficial for adaptation.
Examples
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http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/sf/painting-fixing-repair/black-painted-house-love-it-or-leave-it-125885
http://dornob.com/minimalist-design-open-air-white-home-without-windows/?ref=search
6. Adaptation to Climate Change
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Can we adapt to climate change
What is climate change (scientific)
What is climate change (basic)
Conclusion
As a summary, built enviroment is built because of human needs and it can affect
human health, human psychology. it is important to adapt built enviroment’s
sections in order to survive.
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http://www.co.sanmateo.ca.us/vgn/images/portal/cit_611/29/50/1249912934built_environment_logo.jpg
http://www.bris.ac.uk/brite/images/built-environment.jpg
References
Bartuska, T. J., & Young, ,. G. (1994). The Built Environment Definition and Scope in The Built Environment: A Creative Inquiry into Design and Planning part 1 chapter 1. Retrived from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/24/04700075/0470007524.pdf
Morgan, C., Dear, R. d., & Brager, G. (2002). Fraunhofer IRB. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from Fraunhofer IRB web site: http://www.irbdirekt.de/daten/iconda/CIB7766.pdf
Newman, M. T. (2010) Biological Adaptation Of Man To His Environment: Heat, Cold, Altitude, And Nutrition. In M. T. Newman, Newman: Adaptation of Man to Environment (pp. 616-631). New York: Annals New York Academy of Sciences. Retrived from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb31093.x/abstract
Tiwari, R., Pandey, M., & Sharma, A. (2010, march 17). SciRP. Retrieved november 2011,30 from http://www.SciRP.com/: http://www.SciRP.org/journal/epe
Wohlwill, J. F. (1974). Human Adaptation to Levels of Environmental Stimulation. Human Ecology, VoL 2, No. 2 , 127-147.Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/content/l98855213557633q/
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