Aram.Academy · 2021. 3. 16. · Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices...

E-BOOK I

Aram.Academy.IAS

aramias_academy

aram_ias_academy

aimcivilservices

aramiasacademy.com

Follow us online:

Join our Aim Civils

https://t.me/aimcivilservices

Telegram Channel

TO ACCESS EVERYDAY CURRENT AFFAIRS

IN THE PERSPECTIVE

OF PRELIMS AND MAINS.

TO ACCESS REGULAR RESOURCE MATERIALS

Join our ARAM IAS TownHall

Telegram Group

https://t.me/aramtownhall

FOR FACULTY INTERACTION

TO ATTEND DAY TO DAY QUIZ

"ROLL CALL - PRELIMS 2020”

IMPORTANT

CURRENT AFFAIRS ON

HISTORY FOR PRELIMS 2020

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com

1. MP’s Orchha Town added to UNESCO WHS Tenta�ve List

2. India & Portugal to set up Na�onal Mari�me Heritage Museum

3. ASI declares Chaukhandi Stupa as Monument of Na�onal Importance

4. Leh celebrates Sindhu Darshan Fes�val

5. Japan gi�s Manipur a Peace Museum built on WWII memories

6. Iraq’s Babylon listed as UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

7. Jaipur listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site

8. Na�onal Museum of Indian Cinema’s news bulle�n launched

9. Odisha Rasagola’ gets GI Tag

10. Shawala Teja Singh temple in Pakistan opened for Hindus a�er 72 Years

11. Indus Valley inscrip�ons were wri�en logographically : Research

12. Virasat-e-Khalsa set to enter Asia Book of Records

13. Tamil Nadu’s Panchamirtham prasadam granted GI tag

14. Na�onal Tribal Fes�val ‘Aadi Mahotsav’ being organised at Leh-Ladakh

15. ‘Namaste Pacific’ Cultural Event held in New Delhi

16. UNESCO to publish Guru Nanak Dev’s wri�ng in world languages

17. Ladakhi Shondol dance enters Guinness book of world record

18. Shirui Lily Fes�val: Manipur

19. CCRT e-portal and YouTube Channel inaugurated

20. First - ever Ladakh Literature Fes�val

21. ASI finds 2,000 - year - old trade center in Andhra Pradesh

22. South India’s earliest Sanskrit Inscrip�on found in A.P.

Contents


23. Pink City - Jaipur receives World Heritage Cer�ficate from UNESCO

24. Chaitra Jatra Fes�val cancelled in Odisha due to Corona Virus

25. Dekho Apna Desh : A Webinar launched by Tourism Ministry

26 .GoI: Scheme launched for 100% solariza�on of Konark Sun Temple and Town

27. Na�onal List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India launched

28. Jallianwala bagh - Jallianwala Bagh Na�onal Memorial (Amendment) Act 2019

29. NEHRU - LIAQUAT AGREEMENT (2020) - 70 th year Anniversary

30. Indian Council of Agricultural Research


1.MP’sOrchhaTownaddedto

Why in news?

The architectural heritage of Orchha town in Madhya Pradesh added to the Tentative List

of UNESCO‘s World Heritage Sites.

The architectural heritage of Orchha town depicts a unique style of the Bundela dynasty.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) had sent a proposal to UNESCO to include the

architectural heritage of Orchha town in its list of World Heritage Sites on April 15,

2019.

To be Included UNESCO’s World Heritage sites

For a historical site to be a part of UNESCO‘s World Heritage sites, it must be first

included in the tentative list.

After it makes to the tentative list, another proposal is sent to UNESCO.

If the architectural splendour of Orchha makes it to the final list of UNESCO‘s World

Heritage Sites, it would be the 39th site in India to form part of the treasured list.

Three other historically famous sites in MP

Rock shelters of Bhimbedka

Buddhist monuments at Sanchi

Khajuraho group of monuments

Orchha town

Orchha town in Niwari district of MP‘s Bundelkhand region has a peculiar style of

architecture used by the Bundela dynasty.

The town, located on the banks of river Betwa, around 80 km from MP‘s Tikamgarh

district and 15 km from Jhansi district of UP, was built by King Rudra Pratap Singh of

Bundela dynasty in the 16th century.

The town is celebrated for its rich and ancient architecture of Chaturbhuj Temple, Orchha

Fort Complex, and Raja Mahal among others.

It is famous for its two elevated minarets – Saavan and Bhadon; and four palaces –

Jahangir Palace, Rai Praveen Mahal, Raja Mahal, and Sheesh Mahal.

UNESCOWHSTentativeList


It represents the concept of open bungalows, animal statues depicting the culture of

Bundelkhand and stone work windows.

The site houses ‗Sri Ram Raja Mandir‘, the only place in India where Lord Ram is

worshipped as a King, not as a deity, with this dedicated temple in his name.

The Orchha town is boasts of Bundela as well as Mughal architecture influence due to the

closeness of both the dynasties.

2.India&PortugaltosetupNational

Why in news?

India and Portugal will cooperate in the setting up of a national maritime heritage

museum at Lothal in Gujarat ,a Harappan site on the Saurashtra coast in Gujarat

About Museum

The museum will also be an independent research centre of underwater archaeology for

reconstruction of maritime history, archaeology of boat building and materials traded.

It will have on display salvaged material from shipwreck sites in the Indian Ocean waters.

The museum is being set up with technical help from the Portuguese Maritime Heritage

Museum.

Lothal is the site of one of the oldest ports in India dating to the Bronze Age

MaritimeHeritageMuseum


The Indian Navy is keen to be a stakeholder in the project and the Portuguese Navy has

agreed to assist with their experience of administering the maritime museum in Lisbon

The Government of India has allocated a grant for building the maritime museum and the

foundation stone for the project was laid

The project is being implemented by the Ministry of Shipping through its Sagarmala

programme, with the involvement of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the State

government and other stakeholders.

Why in news?

Chaukhandi Stupa, an ancient Buddhist site located in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, has been

declared as a Monument and protected area of national importance by ASI.

Chaukhandi Stupa

Chaukhandi Stupa was built to mark the place where Buddha met his first disciples

Panchavargiya Bhikshus (Buddha‘s five companions) who had previously deserted him at

Rajgir, as he traveled from Bodhgaya to Sarnath.

The Stupa is known as ‗Chaukhandi‘ becaause of its four armed plan.

The stupa is an ancient Buddhist site which evolved from burial mounds and served as a

shrine for a relic of Buddha. It appears to be in ruins and was originally constructed in 5th

Century AD

It also finds mention in account of Hiuen Tsang, celebrated Chinese traveler of 7th

century AD.

It is a lofty mound of brick whose square edifice is surrounded by an octagonal tower

The Chaukhandi Stupa is said to be originally a terraced temple during the Gupta period,

that 4th to 6th Century.

Govardhan,the son of Raja Todarmal gave the present shape to the Chaukhandi Stupa.He

built an octagonal tower to commemorate the visit of Humayun,the great Mughal ruler.

Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment in Sarnath called

dharmachakra – pravartana due to which one can find many buddhist sites and structures

in Sarnath.

3.ASIdeclaresChaukhandiStupaas

MonumentofNationalImportance


About Sindhu Darshan Festival

Sindhu Darshan Festival is a festival of India held every year on full moon day (on Guru

Purnima) in June. It is held at Leh, in Ladakh District of Ladakh.

The ―Sindhu Darshanǁ or Sindhu festival was first started in month of October 1997, for

celebration of unity, communal harmony along with national integration

The main reason behind the celebration of Sindhu Darshan Festival is to endorse

the Indus River (Sindhu River) as an icon of the communal harmony and unity of India.

The 23rd edition of Sindhu Darshan Utsav 2019 started at Sindhu Ghat Shey in Leh from

24 to 27 June

The 4-day event is organised by Sindhu Darshan Yatra Samiti (SDYS) in collaboration

with Ladakh Phanday Tsogspa.

The festival helps to bring Ladakh on global map and provide a boost to its tourism

industry thus helping Ladakh economically

4.LehcelebratesSindhuDarshanFestival


5.JapangiftsManipuraPeaceMuseum

Why in news?

Japan gifted Manipur a museum of peace built on the memories of one of the fiercest

battles of the Second World War.

The inauguration of the Imphal Peace Museum at Red Hill, about 20 km southwest of

Manipur‘s capital Imphal, marked the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Imphal.

Some 70,000 Japanese soldiers, alongside those of Subhash Chandra Bose‘s Indian

National Army, died in battles with the British-led Allied forces in areas around Imphal

and Kohima from March to June 1944. The last of these battles was fought at Red Hill

Imphal Peace Museum (IPM)

The Imphal Peace Museum (IPM), 20 km Southwest of Imphal, has been developed on

10 acres of land at the foothill of Red Hill with the support of the Nippon Foundation

(TNF), a non-profit grant-making organization in collaboration with Manipur Tourism

Forum and Manipur Government.

Imphal peace museum is a living memory of this tragic war and will be a bridge to pass a

peaceful world to the next generation

This thematic museum will give you a glimpse into the past right from the World War II

(March-July 1944) to the present Manipur,

This is a kind of unique museum and it could the first of its kind in the country as we

divided the museum into three sections

The first section of the museum exhibits a timeline of the Battle of Imphal, along with

names of casualties in the war. It also features names of the local people of Manipur who

joined the Indian National Army.

The second section depicts the post-war scenarios in Manipur highlighting the impact of

war and the recovery process

Another section displays the arts and cultural life of Manipur through photographs, audio-

visual features, and still models.

Battle of Imphal

The Battle of Imphal saw some of the fiercest fighting of World War II at Maibam Lokpa

Ching popularly known as Red Hill.

builtonWWIImemories


Red Hill was among the places where the tide began to turn against the Japanese.

In 1944, Japanese armies attempted to destroy the Allied forces at Imphal and invade

India but were driven back into Burma with heavy losses.

Together with the simultaneous Battle of Kohima on the road by which the encircled

Allied forces at Imphal were relieved, the battle was the turning point of the Burma

Campaign, of the Second World War.

The Japanese defeat at Kohima and Imphal was the largest up until that time, with many

of the Japanese deaths resulting from starvation, disease and exhaustion suffered during

their retreat

6.Iraq’sBabylonlistedas

Why in news?

UNESCO's World Heritage Committee has voted to list the sprawling Mesopotamian

metropolis of Babylon as a World Heritage Site after three decades of lobbying efforts

by Iraq.

Iraq had been trying since 1983 to have the site - a massive 10sq-km complex of which

just 18 percent has been excavated thus far - recognised by UNESCO

Iraq’s Babylon:

Babylon, about 85 kilometres (55 miles) south of Baghdad, was once the centre of a

sprawling empire, renowned for its towers and mudbrick temples. Its hanging gardens

were one of the seven ancient wonders of the world, commissioned by King

Nebuchadnezzar II

It was the Centre of ancient Babylonian empire more than 4,000 years ago. The

excavation of site began in early 1800s and artefacts were sent abroad

Babylon developed as a walled city of mudbrick temples and towers. It is the largest

populated city in ancient history.

It is internationally known for its hanging gardens, the Ishtar Gate and Tower of Babel

Straddling Iraq's Euphrates River, about 100 kilometres south of Baghdad, the city was

the centre of the ancient Babylonian empire more than 4,000 years ago

UNESCO’sWorldHeritageSite


7.JaipurlistedasUNESCOWorldHeritageSite

Why in news?

The Walled City of Jaipur, known for its iconic architectural legacy and vibrant culture,

Saturday made its entry into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.

The announcement was made after the 43rd Session of the UNESCO World Heritage

Committee, underway at Baku (Azerbaijan) from June 30 to July 10, examined the

nomination of the Walled City of Jaipur for inclusion in the World Heritage list.


The walled city of Jaipur, known for its iconic architectural legacy and vibrant culture,

made its entry into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list, becoming the second city of

the country after Ahmedabad to get the recognition

The walled city of Jaipur, in India‘s north-western state of Rajasthan was founded in

1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II.

Unlike other cities in the region located in hilly terrain, Jaipur was established on the

plain and built according to a grid plan interpreted in the light of Vedi c architecture.

The streets feature continuous colonnaded businesses that intersect in the centre, creating

large public squares called chaupars. Markets, shops, residences and temples built along

the main streets have uniform facades.

The city's urban planning shows an exchange of ideas from ancient Hindu and early

modern Mughal as well as Western cultures.

The grid plan is a model that prevails in the West, while the organization of the different

city sectors (chowkris) refers to traditional Hindu concepts. Designed to be a commercial

capital, the city has maintained its local commercial, artisanal and cooperative traditions

to this day.

UNESCO seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural

and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.

This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.

8.NationalMuseumofIndianCinema’s

Why in news?

A fortnightly bulletin of the National Museum of Indian Cinema as ―NMIC Bulletin―,

brought out by the Films Division was launched in Mumbai, Maharashtra

Hon‘ble PM Modi has inaugurated the National Museum of Indian Cinema (NMIC) in

Mumbai.

The creation of the Museum has been guided by the Museum Advisory Committee

headed by Shri Shyam Benegal.

newsbulletinlaunched


National Museum of Indian Cinema These museums are not just about artifacts kept in them; they are also about witnessing

the journey that made cinema possible as well as about narrating the untold stories behind

those cinemas

The Museum is housed in two buildings – the New Museum Building and the

19th century historic palace Gulshan Mahal – in the Films Division campus in Mumbai.

This bulletin will give a physical document to cherish and to get relevant information

This bulletin will give several educational institutions and students of media studies who

visit Museum regularly a physical document to cherish and to get relevant information.

It aims to conserve film heritage of India.It provides a glimpse of evolution of Indian

cinema over the years in a storytelling mode with help of graphics, visuals, artifacts,

multimedia expositions and interactive exhibits

9.OdishaRasagola’getsGITag

Why in news?

The geographical indicator (GI) was granted to Odisha on Monday for the ‗Odisha

rasagola‘, less than two years after West Bengal won its own GI tag for the delectable

eastern sweet

The Chennai-based GI Registry on Monday issued a formal certification for the ‗Odisha

rasagola‘ on its website.

This mouthwatering culinary delight made of cottage cheese, loved by Odias across the

world, is offered to Lord Jagannath as part of bhog since centuries


West Bengal received its GI tag for its variety of rasagola in November 2017

The GI tag for the same product to both the neighbouring states now recognizes two

distinct varieties in taste and texture.

Historic background

The reference of rasagola is found in the late 15th-century Odia Ramayana written

by Balaram Das

A religious script named ―Ajodhya Kandaǁ gives elaborate descriptions of chhena and

chhena-based products including Rasagola.

Famous Odia writer Fakir Mohan Senapati, in his writing Utkal Bhramanam (published

on August 27, 1892 ) mentioned about the plentiful use of rasagola in Odisha during

those days.

‗Bali Jatra‘ a poem written by Damodar Pattanayak is an eye-witness of Cuttack‘s

famous, historic fair, Bali Jatra (Journey to Bali Island of Indonesia) and mentioned that

sweets shops were looking attractive in presence of Rasagola and other sweets.

About geographical indicator (GI)

A GI is a distinctive sign used to differentiate goods on the basis of its unique

characteristics

The GI tag for the same product to both the neighbouring states recognizes the two

distinct varieties in taste and texture

A GI is a distinctive sign/name used on a product generally collectively owned, which

can be used to differentiate goods on the basis of its unique characteristics and

geographical origin. A GI tag helps in the branding and marketing of a local product and

can attract penalties if copied by anybody outside that geographical region

The first Odia product to receive a GI tag was Kandhamal Haldi, a type of turmeric

produced by tribal farmers in the state's Kandhamal district.

10.ShawalaTejaSinghtemple inPakistan

opened forHindusafter72Years

Why in news?

Pakistan has opened a 1,000-year-old Hindu temple in eastern city Sialkot for "worship"

for the first time since partition on the demand of the local Hindu community


Shawala Teja Singh temple

The Shawala Teja Singh temple, located in city's congested Dhaarowal locality, some

100-km from Lahore, is more than 1,000 years old, according to the book 'History of

Sialkot' by the late Rashid Niaz

The temple was closed and destroyed after the division of Subcontinent in 1947.After the

Partition, the idols of Lord Shiva installed at the ancient temple had disappeared

gradually as they had been vandalised several times, especially post-Babri Masjid

demolition.

Now the local Hindu leaders have urged the Pakistan government to ensure the early

repairing of the crumbling building of Shawala Teja Singh temple

After 72 years Prime Minister Imran Khan, reopened the temple to the Hindus. Pakistan

government‘s Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB) has chalked out a plan for the

renovation and preservation of the ‗shivala‘ with the help of Lahore-based Sir Ganga

Ram Heritage Foundation.

In 2019,the Pakistan government has renovated and formally handed over the centuries-

old Shawala Teja Singh Temple to the Pakistan Hindu Council for facilitating pilgrim

visits and other rituals

Restoring and re-opening of Shawala Teja Singh temple is a major decision in favour of

Hindu pilgrims who form biggest minority community in Pakistan.


As per official estimates nearly 75 lakh Hindus live in Pakistan. Majority of them are

settled in Sindh province where they share culture, traditions and language with Muslims

Hindu pilgrim from India will also be able to visit the temple.

11.IndusValleyinscriptionswerewritten

Why in news?

These Indus inscriptions are one of the most enigmatic legacies of the Indus Valley

civilization but these have not been deciphered due to the absence of bilingual texts,

extreme brevity of the inscriptions, and ignorance about the language(s) encoded by

Indus script

A recent research paper published in Palgrave Communications, a Nature group journal,

has claimed that a majority of the Indus Valley inscriptions were written logogr aphically

(by using word signs) and not by using phonograms (speech sounds units)

The Indus inscriptions have not been deciphered due to the absence of bilingual texts,

extreme brevity of the inscriptions, and ignorance about the language(s) encoded by

Indus script

Key findings

According to the research paper titled ‗Interrogating Indus inscription to unravel their

mechanism of meaning conveyance‘, the Indus inscriptions can be compared to the

structured messages found on stamps, coupons, tokens and currency coins of modern

times.

The paper focuses on understanding how Indus inscriptions conveyed meanings, rather

than on deciphering what they conveyed.

The popular hypothesis that the seals were inscribed with Proto-Dravidian or Proto-Indo-

European names of the seal-owners does not hold ground

These inscriptions can be compared to the messages found on stamps, coupons, tokens

and currency coins of modern times.

Analysing the brevity of the inscriptions, the rigid positional preferences maintained by

the signs of the inscriptions, and the co-occurrence of restriction patterns demonstrated by

certain classes of Indus signs it can be inferred that such patterns can never be

phonological cooccurrence restrictions

logographically:Research


A common perception among some scholars is that the Indus script is logo-syllabic,

where one symbol can be used as a word sign at one time and as a syllable-sign at

another. This method, where a word-symbol also gets sometimes used only for its sound

value, is called the rebus principle. For example, we can combine the pictures of a honey

bee and a leaf to signify the word ―beliefǁ (bee+leaf).

The paper states that, though many ancient scripts use rebus methods to generate new

words, the inscriptions found on the Indus seals and tablets have not used rebus as the

mechanism to convey meaning.


12.Virasat-e-Khalsasettoenter

Why in news?

The Virasat-e-Khalsa museum is set to find a place in Asia Book of Records for

becoming the most visited museum in the Asian sub-continent on a single day.

The museum is all set to find a place in the Asia Book of Records for becoming the most

visited museum in the Asian sub-continent on a single day. The museum had witnessed a

record footfall of 20,569 visitors on a single day on March 20.

The Asia Book of Records has confirmed the record which will feature in the next edition

of the Asia Book of Records.

This would be the third entry for the museum in record books. Earlier, Virasat -e-Khalsa

made it to Limca Book of Records in the February 2019 edition and India Book of

Records.

About Virasat-e-Khalsa

It was built to commemorate the rich history and culture of Punjab and Sikhism. It

inaugurated in November 2011. In a short span of eight years, more than 10 million

visitors have visited museum so far.

It celebrates 500 years of Sikh history and 300th anniversary of birth of Khalsa, based on

scriptures written by Guru Gobind Singh, 10th and last human sikh guru

AsiaBookofRecords


13.TamilNadu’sPanchamirthamPrasadam

Why in news?

Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy is a temple in the town of Palani, Tamil Nadu, which

offers palani panchamirtham as prasad. The prasad derives its name from pancha,

meaning five, and amirtham, meaning delicacy.

Panch is an indication of the five natural substances used to make the prasad - banana,

cardamom, jaggery, cow ghee and honey. Palani Panchamirtham is the latest product to

be granted the GI tag, which limits its production to the town of Palani.

Other Product from Tamilnadu with GI tag

Many products from Tamil Nadu have been accredited with the GI tag. Handicrafts like

Thanjavur paintings, Arani silk, and Toda embroidery; agricultural items like Madurai

malli and erode turmeric; and manufactured products like Coimbatore Wet Grinder and

East India Leather have all been given the GI tag.

Palani Panchamirtham is the first food item out of Tamil Nadu, 32nd overall product out

of Tamil Nadu, and seventeenth food item nationwide to get acquisition of the GI tag.

Importance of GI tag

The GI tag will ensure that the prasad can only be manufactured within the walls of

Palani, within a latitude of 10.44° and longitude of 77.52°. This would help the local

people in enjoying a better economic livelihood by boosting sales of the product and

creating a more profitable market.

Geographical Indication tag

The Geographical Indication tag is a tag bestowed upon an Indian product that establishes

that product as belonging exclusively to a particular region or territory. The GI tag

ensures that the product can only be made within the particular territory, which increases

the success of indigenous products, by providing a geographical identity. As per the

World Trade Organisation agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property

Rights (TRIPS), the prerequisite for applying for a GI tag is that the product must possess

―a given quality, reputation, or any other characteristic that is attributable to its

geographical location.

grantedGItag


Why in news?

Union Minister for Tribal Affairs Arjun Munda today inaugurated a nine-day National

Tribal Festival, Aadi Mahotsav in Polo Grounds of Leh. This is the first mega event

arranged by the Centre after the announcement of Union Territory status for Ladakh

region which has 97 per cent tribal population.

Adi Mahotsav

The Adi Mahotsav would provide an opportunity to Ladakhi Tribal artisans to come and

get themselves empanelled with Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation

of India to expand their market base.

Adi Mahotsav is jointly organized by Tribal Affairs Ministry and TRIFED with a theme

of A celebration of the spirit of Tribal Craft, Culture and Commerce.

Theme of festival: A celebration of the spirit of Tribal Craft, Culture and Commerce.

The festival featured exhibition-cum-sale of tribal handicrafts, art, paintings, fabric,

jewelry

For the first time, this AADI MAHOTSAV showcased a wide range of products from the

tribal artisans from Leh (Ladakh).

The Mahotsav is displaying the rich digital commerce and e-commerce being promoted

by Tribes India.

The Aadi Mahotsav is an effort to take tribal commerce to the next level of digital and

electronic transactions.

The Mahotsav apart from exotic handicrafts is also showcasing the electronic and digital

skills of the tribals as a special attraction.

TRIFED an organization of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs has started a new concept of

organizing the ―Aadi Mahotsav – National Tribal Festivalǁ to provide direct market

access to the tribal master-craftsmen and women in large metros and State capitals.

14.National Tribal Festival ‘Aadi Mahotsav’

being organised at Leh-Ladakh


15.‘NamastePaci�ic’CulturalEventheld

The High Commissions of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Fiji jointly

organised a cultural event 'Namaste Pacific' here to showcase in India the culture of the

Pacific countries

The main aim is to showcase in India the culture of the Pacific countries

Importance of people to people links between India and the countries in the Pacific region

which received a boost through an event like Namaste Pacific.

A curated menu including the national drink Kava from Fiji and dishes slow-cooked in an

earth oven using heated rocks in a pit oven specially dug for the purpose at the New

Zealand High Commission were among the cuisine showcased at the event.

Aaradhna, a multi-award-winning R & B and soul artist from New Zealand, performed

with her band. Aaradhna is part Indian and part Samoan and has to her credit four

individual albums.

Traditional masks and artefacts from Papua New Guinea and Pacific Green furniture and

other products from Fiji were also displayed.

There was also showcase of the International Solar Alliance and Pollinate Energy based

in Australia, Nepal and India, and solar lanterns from Barefoot College in Rajasthan.

The event saw the participation of members of the diplomatic community, government

officials, business leaders, and cultural personalities.

inNewDelhi


16.UNESCOtopublishGuruNanakDev’s

Why in news?

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has decided

to translate and publish an anthology of writings of Baba Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of

Sikhism (and also 1st of 10 Sikh Guru) in world languages to commemorate 550th birth

anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev

National Book Trust (NBT) will publish Gurbani (various compositions by Sikh Gurus

and other writers of Guru Granth Sahib) in different Indian Languages.

550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev

The year 2019 mark 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev. Thus to promulgate the

teachings of Guru Nanak Dev, Government of India is also holding a series of events and

has initiated many projects which include

Construction of Kartarpur Corridor from Dera Baba Nanak in Punjab‘s Gurdaspur district

to international border

Development of the historic town of Sultanpur Lodhi as a heritage town on smart city

principle

Upgradation of Sultanpur Lodhi railway station

Release of commemorative coins and postage stamps

17.LadakhiShondoldanceentersGuinness

Why in news?

Ladakhi Shondol dance has created history yet again by breaking into the Guinness book

of world records as the largest Ladakhi dance.

408 women artists in traditional dresses performed gracefully the Shondol dance on the

occasion of the Annual Naropa Festival.

The ongoing Buddhist carnival near the 11th-century world-famous Hemis Monastery in

Ladakh has ended with creating history as one of the folk dance namely Shondol has

broke the previous record of 299 artists dance of Shondol in the 2018 festival.

bookofworldrecord

writinginworldlanguages


Shondol dance

Shondol is famous dance , which used to be performed by artists for King of Ladakh on

special occasion. It was organised by the Live to Love India, Drukpa Charitable Trust and

Young Drukpa Association.

During the festival, it was not only focused on Zero usage of Plastic but also sensitise the

religious and community leaders on plastic waste management and recycling.

18.ShiruiLilyFestival:Manipur

Why in news?

The northeastern state of Manipur is hosting the 3rd state level Shirui Lily Festival, 2019

from 16-19 October.

Shirui Lily Festival

Shirui Lily Festival is an annual cultural state festival of Manipur organised by Manipur

Tourism Department every year.

Initially, the festival was celebrated by the locals of Shirui village in Ukhrul to pay tribute

to the state flower Shirui Lily that blooms from the last week of May through the second

week of June.

In 2017, Shirui Lily Festival was declared as a state festival by the Government of

Manipur


Shirui Lily, or Lilium mackliniae

Shirui Lily, or Lilium mackliniae, is the State Flower of Manipur found only in the upper

ranges of Shirui Hills in Ukhrul district of Manipur at an elevation of 5,568 – 8,500 ft.

above sea level.

It was first discovered by English botanist Kingdon F Ward in 1946 and named it ‗Lilium

mackliniae‘ after the maiden name of his wife Jean Macklin and later introduced to the

world by bagging the prestigious merit prize in the 1948 Royal Horticultural Society

Flower in London

Importance of Shirui Festivel

Shirui Festival helps the people of all various communities and tribes residing in Manipur

to come together and celebrate its rich biodiversity and cultural heritage.

It gives us all a chance to learn more about the Tangkhul Naga tribe dwelling in Ukhrul

through its cultural roots, values and practices, and also to explore Ukhrul, the highest

hill-station in Manipur.

19.CCRTe-portalandYouTube

Why in news?

Union Minister of State for Culture, Prahlad Singh Patel, will inaugurate an e-portal and a

YouTube channel of Rashtriya Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) to

promote Indian culture

The e-portal and the channel will be inaugurated at an event -- "Digital Bharat - Digital

Sanskriti" at the CCRT

Channelinaugurated


e-portal of CCRT:

With an aim to take India to a newer digital pinnacle and to promote our culture, the

Union Minister will inaugurate CCRT e-portal and YouTube Channel (with support from

Routes 2 Routes)

In order to explore and understand the unknown aspects of India's lesser-known places

and their rural and semi-urban culture, the CCRT, which falls under the Ministry of

Culture, has started publishing books from the series "Untold Tales of India's Cities"

The book titled "Dewas Ki Sanskritik Parampara" written by Jeevan Singh Thakur and

published in this series by CCRT

It is expected that the Knowledge of different regional cultures provides an understanding

of Indian traditions. CCRT has produced a documentary film Rahas with this objective

Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT)

It is autonomous organisation under Union Ministry of Culture. It was established in May

1979,

With its establishment it took over Scheme-Propagation of Culture among College as

well as School students, which was earlier being implemented by Delhi University since

1970

20.First-everLadakhLiteratureFestival

Why in news?

Ladakh administration is organizing the first-ever Ladakh Literature festival. The three

day Literature Festival is being organized from 29 to 31 October 2019.

At venues like historic Leh palace and Central Asian Museum the Ladakh Literature

Festival will now be held annually


The first-ever Ladakh Literature Festival is going to witness transformation of Ladakh

from a division to Union Territory (UT). During the festival the screenings of Ladakhi

films, discussions on Heritage and presentations on History and Archeology of Ladakh

will take place

To attract the visitors of all age groups, different programmes are planned

To provide an opportunity to women, children and youth to participate in three day

Ladakh Literature Festival several competitions and events such as Calligraphy, Culinary

art are also incorporated.

Along with local artists, literary personalities, historians, musicians and senior IAS

officers who turned authors such as Anil Swarup, Parvez Dewan and Dr MK Ranjith Sinh

are also participating in festival.

Why in news?

Excavation by the ASI in Gottiprolu, Andhra Pradesh, has unearthed a trade centre of

early historic period.

Excavation at Gottiprolu village

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has unearthed a 2000-year old historic trade

settlement in Andhra Pradesh's Gottiprolu village, along with a Pallava-period Vishnu

statue.

On the basis of iconographical features such as elaborate headgear, thick holy thread and

decorative drapery, ASI has dated it to 8th-century AD in the Pallava period, which is

said to have ruled the area from early 4th to late 9th century AD

However, other finds, like elliptical, circular and rectangular brick structures, possibly

date back to a much earlier time.

The available brick sizes (43-48 centmetres) are comparable with the Satavahana or

Ikshvaku period structures in Krishna river valley (Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda).

On the basis of brick size and associated findings, they can be placed anywhere between

2nd-1st century BC or little later, which makes them nearly 2000 years old,

21.ASI�inds2,000-year-oldtrade

centerinAndhraPradesh


Pradesh has discovered the remains of a huge settlement surrounded by a massive brick

enclosure

Among many other antiquities unearthed are one life size Vishnu sculpture and a wide

variety of pottery of the early centuries of current era

The site of Gottiprolu lies on the right bank of a distributary of river Swarnamukhi, about

17 km east of Naidupet and 80 km from Tirupati and Nellore.

Detailed topographical study and drone images have helped in identifying an early

historic settlement surrounded by a fortification and the possibility of a moat encircling it.

These settlements could have been an important trade centre as indicated by the presence

of imitated amphorae wares that were mostly used to transport liquid commodities

The proximity of the site to the seacoast suggests that the site could have served as a

strategic settlement involved in maritime trade. Further research will reveal interesting

facts about the site as a trade centre

The site also had a series of broken terracotta pipes fitted into one another, revealing

about the civic amenities maintained by the occupants. The drainage system pattern is

understood by the exposed remains at the site

Other major retrieved antiquities unearthed are copper and lead coins, iron spear head,

stone celts, terracotta beads, ear studs in semi precious stones and hopscotches.

The ceramic assemblage of the site consisted of fine quality black and red ware collected

from the lower levels, conical jars, rouletted sherds and russet coated ware.

The extensively used goblet shaped ware indicates the typical table ware associated with

the site.

Other Findings of excavation

The 1st phase of excavation by a team of Archaeological Survey of India at Gottiprolu

near Naidupeta in Nellore (now renamed as Sri Potti Sri Ramulu) district, Andhra


Swarnamukhi river

The river is located in southern India The Kalyani Dam is constructed across the river at

Tirupati city.

The shrines Tirupati and Kalahasti are located in the banks of the river.

22.SouthIndia’searliestSanskritInscription

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has discovered the earliest Sanskrit inscription

in South India which is also an earliest epigraphic evidence (Epigraphy is the study of

ancient inscriptions) for the Saptamatrika cult.

Saptamatrikas are a group of seven female deities worshipped in Hinduism as

personifying the energy of their respective consorts.

Another inscription in Prakrit language and of Brahmi characters belonging to the 1st

century A.D. was also found.

It is also the earliest Sanskrit inscription to have been discovered in South India as on

date.

The inscription is in Sanskrit and in Brahmi characters and was issued by Satavahanas

king Vijaya in 207 A.D.

So far the Nagarjunakonda inscription of Ikshavaku King Ehavala Chantamula issued in

his 11th regnal year corresponding to the 4th century A.D. was considered the earliest

Sanskrit inscription in South India.

foundinA.P.

Kartika for merit of king at temple of Bhagavathi (Goddess) Saktimatruka (Saptamatrika)

at Tambrape (which is the ancient name of Chebrolou).

The inscription records construction of a prasada (temple), a mandapa (a pavilion for

public rituals) and consecration of images on southern side of temple by a person named


All the available records when verified, proved that Chebrolu inscription of Satavahana

king Vijaya issued in his 5th regnal year (207 A.D.) is also the earliest datable Sanskrit

inscription from South India so far.

Saptamatrikas:

They are a group of seven female deities worshipped in Hinduism as personifying the

energy of their respective consorts.

There are references of Saptamatrika worship in early Kadamba copper plates as well as

early Chalukyas and Eastern Chalukya copper plates.

But this new discovery predates them by almost 200 years.

23.PinkCity-JaipurreceivesWorldHeritage

Why in news?

Recently, Jaipur, received World Heritage Certificate from the UNESCO. The UNESCO

Director General Audrey Azoulay visited India to present the certificate.

The walled city of Jaipur, famous for its grid plan-based architecture and buildings

constructed with the pink facade, was declared a world heritage site by UNESCO in July

2019.

A brochure on ―Intangible Heritage Promotion Projectǁ would also be released.

The World Heritage Sites are selected on the basis of four natural criteria and

six cultural criteria

The site should represent human creativity, It should reflect interchange of human values,

It should bear unique testimony to cultural tradition, An example for a particular type of

architecture, An example for human settlement, their sea-use and land-use, It should

represent biological or ecological evolution, An example to represent major stages of

earth‘s history, To exhibit natural beauty, It should b e directly related to the traditions of

living people

Intangible Heritage Promotion Project

It is signed between the Tourism Department of Rajasthan and UNESCO and aims at

developing 10 new cultural tourism destinations in the State.

Certi�icatefromUNESCO


It would be implemented during the next three years at a cost of ₹7.50 crore.

It will directly benefit about 1,500 artists in the districts such as Jodhpur, Barmer,

Jaisalmer and Bikaner, known for folk music and traditional handicrafts

Jaipur

It was founded in 1727 AD by the then Kachwaha Rajput ruler of Amber, Sawai Jai

Singh II. It also serves as the capital city of the state of Rajasthan.

The city was established on the plains and built according to a grid plan interpreted in the

light of Vedic architecture.

The city's urban planning shows an exchange of ideas from ancient Hindu and modern

Mughal as well as Western cultures.

Designed to be a commercial capital, the city has maintained its local commercial,

artisanal and cooperative traditions to this day.

The iconic monuments in the city include the Govind Dev temple, City Palace, Jantar

Mantar, Hawa Mahal etc.

Jaipur has become the second city of the country after Ahmedabad to get the recognition

of the World Heritage Site.


24.ChaitraJatraFestivalcancelledinOdisha

Why in news?

The famous annual Chaitra Jatra festival scheduled to be held on March 17 at Odisha‘s

Tara Tarini hill shrine was cancelled as a precautionary measure against COVID-19

infection.

This festival is celebrated at Tara Tarini hill shrine on Tuesdays of the Hindu month of

Chaitra.

Tara Tarini hill shrine

Tara Tarini hill shrine, located at Kumari hill on banks of the Rushikulya river, is a major

centre of Shakti worship in Odisha

Indian Navy‘s sailboat INSV Tarini was named after Tara Tarini hill shrine. The first

Indian all-woman crew had circumnavigated the globe in INSV Tarini.

It is one of the Shakti Peethas in India. There are 51 Shakti Peethas in India

duetoCoronaVirus


25.DekhoApnaDesh:AWebinarlaunchedby

Why in news?

As the tourism industry gets adversely affected by the current lockdown in India, the

Tourism Ministry has launched a webinar that offers virtual travel to travellers.

Called Dekho Apna Desh, the webinar is providing an in-depth knowledge of Indian

destinations, along with a better understanding of Indian heritage

The first webinar for Dekho Apna Desh was called City of Cities—Delhi‘s Personal

Diary, and it went live on April 14. Various tour operators are giving presentations across

various destinations in the country. It was given by India City Walks, and this had 5546

registered viewers.

The second one had explored The city of Joy, Kolkata. The latest one is based on

Varanasi, by tour company Photowalking Varanasi. It introduces viewers to the old city,

and shows all its grandest attractions.

The webinars are being hosted by Additional Director General, Ministry of Tourism,

Rupinder Brar, and you can check them out on YouTube.

Every webinar brings the authentic flavour of the city, from Kolkata to the highlands of

Leh, it is an incredible experience for those sitting at home and dreaming of exploring the

great wide land of India. It helps to make all the different parts of the country accessible

to viewers all across the world, while at the same time allowing tour companies to remain

active during this period of lockdown.

The webinar will be available on the Ministry‘s social media handles- Incredible India on

Instagram and Facebook.

Paryatan Parv

The underlying idea behind ‗Paryatan Parv‘ is to propagate the message of ‗Dekho Apna

Desh‘, with the objective to encourage Indians to visit various tourist destinations of the

country focusing on the benefits of tourism, and showcasing the cultural diversity of the

country. It also aims to spread the message of ‗Tourism for All‘.

Three Components of Paryatan Parv

Dekho Apna Desh: To encourage Indians to travel their own country. In the run -up to the

Parv, several activities are organized across the country like photography contest,

TourismMinistry

promotion on social media, tourism related quiz, Essay, etc. General public engagement

for the event is promoted through the MyGov platform.


Tourism for All: Tourism events at sites across all states in the country are being

organized. The activities at these sites will include illumination in and around the sites,

cultural programmes of dance, music, theatre etc.

Tourism & Governance: Interactive sessions & workshops with the help of concerned

stakeholders on varied themes have been organized across the country as a part of the

Paryatan Parv activities.

26.GoI:Schemelaunchedfor100%Solarization

Why in news?

The Government of India has launched scheme for 100 per cent solarisation of Konark

sun temple and Konark town.

The scheme envisages a 10-megawatt (MW) grid-connected solar project and various

solar off-grid applications such as solar trees and solar drinking water kiosks.

The Government of India launched the scheme with an objective to take forward Prime

Minister‘s vision to develop the historical Sun temple town of Konark in Odisha as

‗Surya Nagri‘, to convey a message of synergy between the modern use of solar energy

and the ancient Sun Temple and the importance of promoting solar energy

The scheme envisages setting up of the 10-MW grid connected solar project and various

solar off-grid applications such as solar trees, solar drinking water kiosks and off-grid

solar power plants with battery storage, with a 100 per cent central financial assistance

(CFA) support of around Rs. 25 crore from the Government of India through the MNRE

Implementation of this project will be done by the Odisha Renewable Energy

Development Agency (OREDA).

The scheme will meet all the energy requirements of Konark town with solar energy.

Konark Sun Temple

The Konark Sun Temple is a world heritage monument. It was built in the 13th century. It

was built by King Narasimhadeva I. The temple had been designed in the shape of a

chariot. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1984

ofKonarkSunTempleandTown


The temple was once called the Black Pagoda as it was then believed to draw ships and

cause shipwrecks

There are also other cultural site in India where the term ‗Pagodas‘ has been referred. It is

Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu.The site is believed to have had ―The Seven Pagodas of

Mahabalipuram

27.NationalListofIntangibleCulturalHeritage

Why in news?

On April 18, 2020, the Union Minister of culture Shri Prahlad Singh Patel launched the

National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The list is to include 13 elements that are

already included in UNESCO Representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of

Humanity

National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Ministry of Culture has launched the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)

of India.

The National ICH List is an attempt to recognize the diversity of Indian culture embedded

in its intangible heritage.

ofIndialaunched


This initiative is also a part of the Vision 2024 of the Ministry of Culture

As of now the list has more than 100 elements. It also includes the 13 elements of India

that have already been inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible

Cultural Heritage of Humanity

According to UNESCO‘s Convention for safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage held

in 2003, there are 5 broad categories in the list

They are performing arts, rituals and festive events, social practices, knowledge and

practices concerned with nature and traditional craftsmanship

The ICH is representation, practice, knowledge, expression of skills

It involves non-physical intellectual property such as beliefs, folklore, traditions, customs

and language

From India the Intangible Cultural Heritages added into this list include:

1. Tradition of Vedic chanting

2. Ramlila, the traditional performance of the Ramayana

3. Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre

4. Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas.

5. Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala

6. Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan

7. Chhau dance

8. Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan

Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir.

9. Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur

10. Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala

Guru, Punjab

11. Yoga

12. Nawrouz

13. Kumbh Mela


28.Jallianwalabagh-JallianwalaBaghNational

Why in news?

The Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial (Amendment) Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok

Sabha. It amends the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Act, 1951. The Act provides

for the erection of a National Memorial in memory of those killed or wounded on April

13, 1919, in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.

In addition, it creates a Trust to manage the National Memorial.

Composition of Trustees: Under the 1951 Act, the Trustees of the Memorial include: (i)

the Prime Minister as Chairperson, (ii) President of the Indian National Congress, (iii)

Minister in-charge of Culture, (iv) Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, (v) Governor

of Punjab, (vi) Chief Minister of Punjab, and (vii) three eminent persons nominated by

the central government.

The Amendment act amends this provision to remove the President of the Indian National

Congress as a Trustee. Further, it clarifies that when there is no Leader of Opposition in

Lok Sabha, then the leader of the single largest opposition party will be the Trustee.

The Act provides that the three trustees nominated by the central government will be

trustees for a period of five years and will be eligible for renomination. The new

amendment allows the central government to terminate the term of a nominated trustee

before the expiry of the period of his term without assigning any reason.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also called Massacre of Amritsar was an incident on April

13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open

space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in Punjab.

The Jallianwala Bagh site in Amritsar is now a national monument.

On the afternoon April 13, a crowd of at least 10,000 men, women, and children gathered

in the Jallianwala Bagh, which was nearly completely enclosed by walls and had only one

exit.

It is not clear how many people there were protesters who were defying the ban on public

meetings and how many had come to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate

Baisakhi, a spring festival.

Memorial(Amendment)Act2019


Dyer and his soldiers arrived and sealed off the exit. Without warning, the troops opened

fire on the crowd, reportedly shooting hundreds of rounds until they ran out of

ammunition.

The Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore renounced the knighthood that

he had received in 1915. Gandhi soon began organizing his first large-scale and sustained

nonviolent protest (satyagraha) campaign, the Non Cooperation Movement (1920–22).

The then government of India ordered an investigation of the incident (the Hunter

Commission), which in 1920 censured Dyer for his actions and ordered him to resign

from the military.

Nehru-Liaquat Agreement:

Liaquat Ali Khan was the prime minister of Pakistan when he and Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru signed an agreement in Delhi in 1950. The Delhi Pact is more commonly called

the Nehru-Liaquat pact.

The agreement was signed in the backdrop of large-scale migration of people belonging

to minority communities between the two countries in the wake of attacks by the majority

communities in their respective territories.

The immediate concern was the exodus of Hindus from East Pakistan (which later sought

Independence as Bangladesh) and Muslims from West Bengal. India and Pakistan already

had strained their relation with Pakistan‘s intrusion in Jammu and Kashmir.

The economic ties had been severed between India and Pakistan by December 1949. The

exodus of minorities Hindus, Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists in Pakistan, and Muslims in

India led to serious refugee crisis.

Nehru and Liaquat opened channel of communication and reached an agreement in April

1950. Under the Nehru-Liaquat pact

refugees were allowed to return unmolested to dispose of their property

abducted women and looted property were to be returned

forced conversions were unrecognized

minority rights were confirmed

29.Nehru-LiaquatAgreement(2020)-

70��YearAnniversary


It is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and

Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

It was established on 16 July 1929 and was formerly known as Imperial Council of

Agricultural Research.It is headquartered at New Delhi.

It is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in

agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country

It is the largest network of agricultural research and education institutes in the world.

With 101 ICAR institutes and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country this is

one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world.

The ICAR has played a pioneering role in ushering Green Revolution and subsequent

developments in agriculture in India through its research and technology development

that has enabled the country to increase the production of foodgrains

It has played a major role in promoting excellence in higher education in agriculture. It is

engaged in cutting edge areas of science and technology development and its scientists

are internationally acknowledged in their fields

The mandate of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research is:

To plan, undertake, aid, promote and coordinate education, research and its application in

agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, home science and allied sciences.

To act as a clearing house of research and general information relating to agriculture,

animal husbandry, home science and allied sciences, and fisheries through its

publications and information system; and instituting and promoting transfer of

technology programmes.

To provide, undertake and promote consultancy services in the fields of education,

research, training and dissemination of information in agriculture, agroforestry, animal

husbandry, fisheries, home science and allied sciences.

To look into the problems relating to broader areas of rural development concerning

agriculture, including postharvest technology by developing co-operative programmes

with other organizations such as the Indian Council of Social Science Research, Council

of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and the

universities.

To do other things considered necessary to attain the objectives of the Society.

30.IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch

UPSCTOPPERS2019-2020

ISHWARYA RAIR - 47

PRIYANKAAIR - 68

MURUGANANDHANAIR - 119

AMMUAIR - 141

RAMYA RAIR - 186

GIRI SANKAR RAIR - 230

SWETHAAAIR - 251

MOHAMMED YAKUB SAIR - 385

LOGESH KUMAR PAIR - 431

GOWRISANKAR DAIR - 436

JAYACHITRA KAIR - 449

SAKTHIVELAIR - 471

VIBHU KRISHNA UAIR - 473

YAMINIAIR - 491

S S SHOBIKA AIR - 504

SANGEETHAAIR - 499

KAVITHAAIR - 571

DHIYA RAIR - 601

AISHWARYA RAIR - 608

MALLIGA SAIR - 621

STALIN RAIR - 639

MALKARAJAIR - 640

JAGADEESHWARANAIR - 673

VENGATESH PRABHU NAIR - 751

24+ SUCCESSFUL

CANDIDATES

2019-20

250+ CIVIL SERVANTS

IN 5 YEARS

# C-40, 2nd Avenue, Anna Nagar West, Chennai - 600 040. [email protected]

+91 89396 96868 / 69

Aram.Academy · 2021. 3. 16. · Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices...

Documents

Transcript of Aram.Academy · 2021. 3. 16. · Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices...