Aradur 450 Brochure

Advanced Materials

ARADUR® 450 AND ARADUR® 450 S EPOXY CURING AGENTS

Surface Tolerant Ambient Cure Epoxy Primers

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Introduction

A primer is an essential component of ahigh-performance flooring or coatingsystem. No matter how good the rest of the systemmay be, the ultimate and long term performance of thesystem will only be as good as the foundation onwhich it has been applied. On concrete substrates theprimer can help strengthen the substrate by penetrat-ing into the concrete as well as provide a barrier to outgassing, which can cause blistering and delamination.Primers will also facilitate the application of highly filledtrowelable materials such as mortar screeds.

Low-viscosity, solvent-free primers are typically pre-ferred because they are able to penetrate and

strengthen the concrete substrate. They are also saferand more environmentally friendly than solvent con-taining systems. Waterborne primers have low-viscos-ity and are typically odorless, but evaporation of thewater is essential to the development of optimal cure.Systems containing a solvent (or water) fill the voids inthe concrete substrate initially but upon evaporationof the solvent leave these voids partially filled and,therefore, strengthen the concrete to a lesser degreethan solvent-free primer systems. HuntsmanAdvanced Materials offers a line of solvent-free, low-viscosity curing agents designed to provide excellentadhesion to suitably prepared concrete and sand-blasted steel substrates.

top coat

primer penetration

concrete substrate

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Real life situations, unfortunately, are very differ-ent from the near ideal conditions encountered in thelaboratory. For instance, the substrate may be subjectto condensing humidity, damp, or in the worst case, becompletely saturated with water. Huntsman AdvancedMaterials has developed Aradur® 450 epoxy curingagent and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agent. Theseproducts are low-viscosity formulated polyamidoaminetype curing agents. Even when applied to damp sub-strates e.g., dew coated steel or wet concrete, coat-ings formulated with Aradur 450® epoxy curing agentwill provide outstanding adhesion properties. Aradur®

450 S systems may be applied and cured under waterprovided that the system is suitably formulated. Theirlow sensitivity to humidity makes both Aradur® 450 andAradur® 450 S epoxy curing agents especially suitablefor concrete primers. With these epoxy curing agents itis possible to apply a coating on concrete within oneweek of cure, as long as it is free of any cement lai-tance. The typical properties of Aradur® 450 andAradur® 450 S epoxy curing agents are given in Table I.

Both curing agents have the same equivalent weight,which makes it easy for the formulator to customize aformulation for a wide variety of environmental condi-tions and temperatures within the 5°C to 35°C (41°F to95ºF) range. In general Huntsman Advanced Materialsrecommends the Aradur® 450 products be used in thefollowing temperature ranges:

Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agent:5°C to 18°C (41°F to 59°F)

Aradur® 450 epoxy curing agent:15°C to 35°C (59°F to 95°F)

These products are based on the same chemistry. It istherefore, possible to fine tune the reactivity of a systemfor a given application temperature. In order to achieveoptimal adhesion properties on dry, damp or wet con-crete, the binder system needs sufficient time to pene-trate into the substrate; therefore, these products

should not be used in formulations that cure too fastunder the existing temperature conditions. The recom-mended epoxy resin for use with the Aradur® 450 andAradur® 450 S for formulation of primer systems isAraldite® PY 313 epoxy resin (a non-crystallizingbisphenol A/F blend modified with a reactive diluent).

Typical properties of Araldite® PY 313epoxy resin / Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agents

The low-viscosity and relatively long gel-time of sys-tems based on Araldite® PY 313 epoxy resins and theAradur® 450 products are important in achieving a highdegree of adhesion to concrete. These properties arealso important in the formulation of pigmented coatingsfor concrete or metal substrates. The typical propertiesof these systems cured at several temperatures aregiven in Table II. At lower temperatures, e.g., 5°C-15°C (41°F-59°F), Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agentoffers significantly shorter tack-free time than Aradur®

450 epoxy curing agent. At 23°C (73°F) Aradur® 450epoxy curing agent has a moderate gel-time with aslightly longer cure time. It should be noted that thesetest results were generated under controlled laboratoryconditions on cold rolled steel substrates. Under nor-mal conditions where the substrate, such as a con-crete floor, may be at a significantly lower tempera-ture than the atmospheric temperature, the curespeed may be significantly longer. Also the additionof fillers and/or pigments will also reduce the curespeed. As stated previously, the gel-time and themixed viscosity are important factors in obtaininggood penetration and, consequently, optimum adhe-sion properties to concrete.

The basic properties of coatings based on low-viscosityepoxy resins Araldite® PY 313 epoxy resin and Araldite®

GY 9513 epoxy resin (a modified bisphenol A epoxyresin) cured with the Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 Sepoxy curing agents are listed in Table III.

Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S Epoxy Curing Agents

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ARADUR® 450 EPOXY CURING AGENT ARADUR® 450 S EPOXY CURING AGENT

Viscosity @ 25°C, cP 1,000 – 2,000 600 – 1,400

Amine Value, mg KOH/g 250 – 290 270 – 310

H+ Active Eq. Wt., g/eq 115 115

Color, Gardner < 10 < 10

Density @ 20°C, lb/gal 8.4 8.6

Flash Point, °C (°F) 76 (169) 85 (185)

TABLE I: TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES* OF THE ARADUR® 450 CURING AGENTS

* Typical Physical Properties are based on Huntsman Advanced Materials test methods. Copies are available upon request.


Mix Ratio with Araldite® 60 60PY 313(1) epoxy resin phr (weight)

Test Temperature/ 5°C/ 15°C/ 23°C/ 35°C/ 5°C/ 15°C/ 23°C/ 35°C/ Relative Humidity 80% 60% 50% 35% 80% 60% 50% 35%

Mixed Viscosity(3), cP >4,000 2,800 1,350 500 >4,000 2,400 1,150 500

Gel-Time(4) (100-g mass), 699 393 139 56 391 154 47 34minutes

Tack-free Time(5), hours >24 8 5.5 2.5 14 6.5 4 1

Dry Through Time(5), hours >24 10.5 7 3.5 21 8.5 6 2

Visual Appearance Un- Semi- Glossy Glossy Semi- Semi- Glossy Glossycured gloss gloss gloss

TABLE II: TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ARALDITE® PY 313 EPOXY RESIN / ARADUR® 450 SYSTEMS AT SEVERAL TEMPERATURES

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The Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S EpoxyCuring Agents Offers Excellent Adhesionto Dry, Damp and Wet Concrete

The Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S products aredesigned to have excellent adhesion to dry, damp andwet concrete. It is also possible to apply a coatingbased on these products to a concrete surface withinone week of cure, provided that the surface has beensuitably treated, e.g. free of any cement laitance. Inlaboratory studies, the adhesion of coatings based onthe Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curingagents to concrete was demonstrated.

Testing Procedure for Adhesion to Concrete

The standard construction grade concrete blocks (mea-suring 7.75" L x 3.75" W x 2.5" D) used in this test weresandblasted and prepared in the following manner:

Dry concrete blocks: Concrete blocks were stored atambient temperature (~23°C, 73°F) and relative humidity(~ 60%) before coating.

Damp concrete blocks: Concrete blocks were preparedby submersing in cool tap water for 24 hours. The block

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Araldite® Epoxy Resin PY 313(1) GY 9513(2) PY 313 GY 9513

Mix Ratio, phr (weight) 60 57.5 60 57.5

Mixed Viscosity(3) @ 23°C, cP 1,350 1,200 1,150 1,025

Gel-Time(4) (100-g mass), minutes 139 243 47 84

Tack-free Time(5) @ 23°C, hours 5.5 9.5 4 6.5

Dry Through Time(5) @ 23°C, hours 7 11.5 6 9.0

Visual Appearance Glossy Glossy Glossy Glossy

Mechanical Properties*

Pencil Hardness(6) 2H H 2H H

Persoz Hardness(7), seconds 200 165 167 174

Cross-cut Adhesion(8) 5A 5A 5A 5A

Impact Resistance(9) (D/R), in lb. 30/2 34/6 42/0 38/4

TABLE III: TYPICAL PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARADUR® 450 PRODUCTS AND LOW-VISCOSITY ARALDITE® EPOXY RESINS

*Coating dry film thickness of 11 mils after curing seven days at 23°C/50% RH

(1) Modified bisphenol A / F epoxy resin blend (epoxy eq. weight: 180 – 192)(2) Modified bisphenol A epoxy resin blend (epoxy eq. weight: 196 – 205)(3) ASTM D 4440 (ICI Cone & Plate)(4) Tested by TECAM gelation timer(5) Tested by Gardner Circular Drying Time Recorder on a 10 mil wet coating

(6) ASTM D 3363(7) ASTM D 4366(8) ASTM D 3359 (0 = worst, 5 = best)(9) ASTM D 2794

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was removed from water bath and the standing waterwas removed from the surface to be coated, using apaper towel, immediately prior to applying the coating.

Wet concrete blocks: Concrete blocks were sub-mersed in water for 24 hours, then placed in a basinfilled with cool tap water up to approximately 1/4 inchbelow the exposed surface of the block. The excess(standing) water was removed from the surface with apaper towel and the coating was applied. The blocksremained in the water, with the water level beingapproximately 1/4 inch from the concrete block surface,throughout the curing period.

The coatings were applied by brush to an approximatewet film build of 5-7 mils then allowed to cure at ambi-ent conditions. On the sixth day of cure, three aluminumdollies were affixed to different areas on the surface ofthe coating with an epoxy adhesive. On the seventh dayof cure, the pull-off strength was determined in accor-dance with ASTM D 4541-95 (Pull-off Strength ofCoatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers). All pull-offstrength values reported here represent an average ofthree measurements per concrete block.

Typical adhesion performance properties of unpigment-ed systems applied over properly pretreated concretesubstrates are shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Picture 1. The wet concrete test apparatus.

Picture 2 . (a) Portable adhesion tester. (b) Pull-off test in progress. (c) Test dolly after pull-off test. Notice the adhered concrete present on face of dolly.

a b c

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Aradur® 2965 epoxy curing agent Aradur® 450 epoxy curing agent

Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agent


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Pull-Off Strength of Unpigmented Coatings Based on Araldite® PY 313 EpoxyResin and Aradur® 450 Epoxy Curing Agents on Concrete (23°C/50% RH)

Pull-Off Strength of Unpigmented Coatings Based on Araldite® GY 9513 EpoxyResin and Aradur® 450 Epoxy Curing Agents on Concrete (23°C/50% RH)

Aradur® 450 epoxy curing agentshows the highest level of adhe-sion followed by Aradur® 450 Sepoxy curing agent. Versions ofAradur® 450 epoxy curing agentoffer a much higher level of adhe-sion than Aradur® 283 epoxy cur-ing agent (a modified polyami-doamine) in all cases. The failuremode of the systems based onAraldite® PY 313 epoxy resin wasalmost entirely by delamination ondamp and wet concrete.Adhesion failure did not occurwith Araldite® GY 9513 epoxyresin, except for the Aradur® 2965(a low viscosity cycloaliphatichardener) epoxy curing agent ondamp and wet concrete. Thelower viscosity and longer gel-times of the Araldite® GY 9513system compared to the Araldite®

PY 313 epoxy resin systems (seeTable III) demonstrates that thesetwo factors play an important rolein the adhesion to concrete sur-faces. The benefits of usingAraldite® PY 313 epoxy resininclude its faster curing speed andits high resistance to crystalliza-tion. The faster curing speed is animportant factor for application orin cases where the substrate tem-perature is below 23°C or whenthe primer is formulated with pig-ments or fillers.

Pigments and fillers do not appearto affect the adhesion propertiesof Aradur® 450 systems on con-crete. The adhesion of pigmentedformulations (Table IV) was evalu-ated at various temperatures. Theevaluation on concrete was per-

Figure 1. Compared to Aradur® 283 epoxy curing agent, the Aradur® 450 products offers superior adhesionon damp and wet concrete when used with Araldite® PY 313 epoxy resin. (*Indicates delamination of coatingfrom the substrate.)

Figure 2. The excellent adhesion of the Aradur®450 products epoxy curing agent’s maintained withAraldite® GY 9513 epoxy resin on the concrete substrates used in this test. (* Indicates delamination ofcoating from the substrate.)


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formed in a manner similar to that ofthe unpigmented systems. The per-formance of these pigmented for-mula on concrete is illustrated inFigures 3-5.

When comparing pigmented tounpigmented at 23°C (73°F), themode of failure had changed fromdelamination in the unpigmentedsystems to concrete failure in thepigmented systems, except forAradur® 450 S epoxy curing agenton wet concrete.

At lower ambient temperatures, e.g.at 15°C (59°F), Aradur® 450 epoxycuring agent and Aradur® 450 Sepoxy curing agent combined withAraldite® PY 313 epoxy resin exhibitgood adhesion to damp and wetconcrete as concrete failureoccurred in all cases; the controlbased on Aradur® 2965 epoxy resin(a low-viscosity cycloaliphatic hard-ener) delaminated from damp andwet concrete.

Each system shows excellent adhe-sion on dry concrete at 35°C (95°F).On damp concrete none of theAradur® 450 products showed anydelamination as in the case of theAradur® 2965 system. Although theprimers had excellent adhesion ondry concrete, Aradur® 2965 epoxycuring agent or Aradur® 450 S epoxycuring agents are not recommendedbecause of the short working time(pot life) of these hardeners at ele-vated temperatures.

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Pull-Off Strength of Pigmented Coatings Based on Araldite® PY 313 EpoxyResin and Aradur® 450 Products on Concrete (23°C/50% RH)

Figure 3. At 23°C, Aradur® 450 products provide much better adhesion on damp and wet surfaces than theAradur® 2965 epoxy curing agent based control. (* Indicates delamination of coating from the substrate.)

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RAW MATERIALS ARADUR® 450 ARADUR® 450 S ARADUR® 2965EPOXY CURING EPOXY CURING EPOXY CURING

AGENT AGENT AGENT (CONTROL)

Araldite® EpoxyResin PY 313, pbw 100 100 100

Titanium 30 30 30Dioxide, pbw

Barytes, pbw 40 40 40

Curing Agent, 60 60 60pbw

Total Parts 230 230 230

Pigment:Binder 0.44 0.44 0.44ratio, w/w

Epoxy:Active 1.0 1.0 1.0H+ eq. ratio

TABLE IV: PRIMER FORMULATIONS BASED ON ARADUR® 450 PRODUCTS

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Pull-Off Strength of Pigmented Coatings Based on Araldite® PY 313 EpoxyResin and Aradur® 450 Epoxy Curing Agent on Concrete (35°C/60% RH)

Acceleration of Aradur®

450 and Aradur® 450 SEpoxy Curing Agents

To achieve good adhesion of aprimer to concrete two key fac-tors must be addressed, namely,the reactivity (gel-time) of theprimer at the working temperatureand the mixed viscosity of thesystem. Sufficient time must beallowed for the primer to pene-trate into the concrete before theviscosity increases as the curingreaction takes place. The lowerthe initial mixed viscosity of theprimer, the more it will penetrateinto the substrate.

As demonstrated, Aradur® 450 Sepoxy curing agent, the acceler-ated version of Aradur® 450 epoxycuring agent, generally has thelowest level of adhesion to dampand wet concrete of Aradur® 450and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curingagents. Further acceleration of theAradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 Sepoxy curing agents hardeners istherefore not advisable.

Figure 5. On damp concrete at 35°C (95°F) Aradur® 450 products are superior. (* Indicates delamination ofcoating from the substrate.)

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Pull-Off Strength of Pigmented Coatings Based on Araldite® PY 313 Epoxy Resin, Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S Epoxy Curing Agents onConcrete (15°C/65% RH)

Figure 4. At low temperatures Aradur® 450 products still show a high level of adhesion even to dampand wet concrete. (* Indicates delamination of coating from the substrate.)

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Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agentsoffer several advantages for the preparation of solvent-free concrete primers, namely:

• Outstanding adhesion properties on damp substrates,e.g. dew covered steel or wet concrete.

• The possibility of coating recently cast concrete pro-vided that the surface has been properly treated (e.g.sand-blasted) to eliminate all remaining cement lai-tance.

• Good adhesion and curing properties when appliedand cured under water,if properly formulated.

• The ability to apply a primer in rainy and high humidityconditions, or almost immediately after hydroblasting,allows application to continue in spite of the elements.

• Aradur® 450 and Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agentsallow for application at temperatures between 5°C (41°F)and 35°C (95°F). In general, the recommended tempera-ture range for coatings based on these products are:

Aradur® 450 S epoxy curing agent:5°C-15°C (41°F-59°F)

Aradur® 450 epoxy curing agent:15°C-35°C (50°F-77°F)

• Both products are the same equivalent weight and isbased on the same chemistry, enabling “drop-in”replacement of the curing agent depending on theenvironmental conditions. They can also be combinedin any ratio to suit specific conditions of application orenvironment.

• Excellent adhesion and curing properties when usedwith Araldite® PY 313 epoxy resin and Araldite® GY9513 epoxy resin.

The Aradur® 450 products can provide the formulatorwith some peace of mind, knowing that a properly for-mulated primer system will perform under adverseweather conditions when the substrate is suitably pre-pared. Furthermore, the formulator now has the tools toensure that the other components of the flooring orcoating system will be applied on a sound foundation inthe form of an Aradur® 450 product based primer.

Note: While the Aradur® 450 products can provide someambient cure systems with outstanding adhesion whenproperly cured and applied, their ultimate performancewill depend on the quality and properties of the actualsubstrate. In other words, while the adhesion of anAradur® 450 system can easily exceed the hydrostaticpressure, the strength of the concrete itself must exceedthe hydrostatic pressure forces, otherwise cohesive fail-ure of the substrate may occur.

Summary

The following shall supersede any provision in Buyer’s forms, letters andpapers. THERE IS NO WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHEREXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY ANY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE,INCLUDING WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTIBILI-TY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FOR THEPRODUCT OR PRODUCTS REFERRED TO HEREIN. TECHNICALADVICE FURNISHED BY THE SELLER SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AWARRANTY OR CONDITION, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, WHICHIS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED, ALL SUCH ADVICE BEING GIVENAND ACCEPTED AT BUYER’S RISK. While the information containedherein is believed to be accurate, Seller makes no representations as tothe reliability of the results or as to the results of Buyer or as inducementsto infringe any relevant patent, now or hereafter in existence. Testing for

intended use is the sole responsibility of Buyer. The product(s) has notbeen tested for, and is therefore not recommended for, uses for whichprolonged contact with mucous membranes, abraded skin, or blood isintended, or for uses for which implantation within the human body isintended. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL SELLER BE LIABLEFOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTAL OR OTHER DAMAGES FROMALLEGED NEGLIGENCE, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONDITION,STRICT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUTOF MANUFACTURE, SALE, USE OR HANDLING OF THE PRODUCTOR PRODUCTS REFERRED TO HEREIN. The sole remedy of Buyerand the sole liability of Seller for any claims shall be limited to Buyer’s pur-chase price of the product(s) which is the subject of the claim or theamount actually paid for such product(s), whichever is less.

Important

Aradur and Araldite are registered trademarks of Huntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof inone or more, but not all, countries.

Sales of the product described herein (“Product”) are subject to the general terms and condi-tions of sale of either Huntsman Advanced Materials LLC, or its appropriate affiliate includingwithout limitation Huntsman Advanced Materials (Europe) BVBA, Huntsman Advanced MaterialsAmericas Inc., or Huntsman Advanced Materials (Hong Kong) Ltd. (“Huntsman”). The followingsupercedes Buyer’s documents.

While the information and recommendations included in this publication are, to the best ofHuntsman’s knowledge, accurate as of the date of publication, NOTHING CONTAINED HEREINIS TO BE CONSTRUED AS A REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUALPROPERTY RIGHTS, OR WARRANTIES AS TO QUALITY OR CORRESPONDENCE WITHPRIOR DESCRIPTION OR SAMPLE, AND THE BUYER ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITYWHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCT, WHETHER USED SINGLYOR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES. No statements or recommendations madeherein are to be construed as a representation about the suitability of any Product for the par-ticular application of Buyer or user or as an inducement to infringe any patent or other intellec-tual property right. Data and results are based on controlled conditions and/or lab work. Buyeris responsible to determine the applicability of such information and recommendations and thesuitability of any Product for its own particular purpose, and to ensure that its intended use ofthe Product does not infringe any intellectual property rights.

The Product may be or become hazardous. Buyer should (i) obtain Material Safety Data Sheetsand Technical Data Sheets from Huntsman containing detailed information on Product hazardsand toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling and storage procedures for the Product, (ii)take all steps necessary to adequately inform, warn and familiarize its employees, agents, directand indirect customers and contractors who may handle or be exposed to the Product of allhazards pertaining to and proper procedures for safe handling, use, storage, transportation anddisposal of and exposure to the Product and (iii) comply with and ensure that its employees,agents, direct and indirect customers and contractors who may handle or be exposed to theProduct comply with all safety information contained in the applicable Material Safety DataSheets, Technical Data Sheets or other instructions provided by Huntsman and all applicablelaws, regulations and standards relating to the handling, use, storage, distribution and disposalof and exposure to the Product.

Please note that products may differ from country to country. If you have any queries, kindlycontact your local Huntsman representative.

© 2008 Huntsman Corporation. All rights reserved.

www.huntsman.com

AMERICASHuntsman Advanced MaterialsAmericas Inc.10003 Woodloch Forest DriveThe Woodlands • Texas 77380 • USATel +1 888 564 9318Fax +1 281 719 4047

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Aradur 450 Brochure

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