PROJECT INTRODUCTION

Towards Innovative, Liveable and Prosperous

Asian Mega-CitiesAsian Mega-Cities

Apiwat Ratanawaraha

Bangkok, Thailand

16 August 201016 August 2010

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Background

Current perspectives on innovation as studied and

practiced in Southeast Asia are not sufficient

– Imported models of national innovation systems from the – Imported models of national innovation systems from the

rich West where contexts and conditions are different

• Existing S&T agencies set up the standard Triple-Helix structures

– Focus on industrial and business innovations, not addressing

current developmental problems

• Enterprise development and little on human development

• Development of NIS has little to do with infrastructure and urban • Development of NIS has little to do with infrastructure and urban

development

– Focus on the supply side, but not much on how they are

demanded and consumed

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Cities continue to be the centers of developmental

problems that need innovative solutions

– Megacities continue to become bigger even with changing – Megacities continue to become bigger even with changing

demographic changes

• ageing, smaller household sizes

– But urban planning and development practices still rely on

the comprehensive/master plan model

• Focus on existing problems, little on the future

• Little discussion on risks, future scenarios• Little discussion on risks, future scenarios

– Tend to ignore production structure and technological and

innovation dimensions

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• Future innovation policies

– more comprehensive and inclusive, paying

Project goals

– more comprehensive and inclusive, paying

attention to developmental challenges that affect

the urban quality of life, particularly for the poor

• Future urban policies

– integrate the dynamism of city innovation systems

into the urban planning processesinto the urban planning processes

Integration of Future + Urban + Innovation

Studies and Policies

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• Conduct a comparative analysis of the innovation systems and capacities in six Southeast Asian countries and megacities

• Develop a framework for integrating innovation and urban development policies

Specific objectives

development policies

• Propose policy options and guidelines that will enhance innovativeness for urban liveability and prosperity

• Establish a network of researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders in innovation and urban development

• Facilitate sharing of information, knowledge, and learning among project partners and another IDRC project on ‘Healthy among project partners and another IDRC project on ‘Healthy Places, Prosperous People (Jakarta Focus City)

• Build the research capacities of the project members and young researchers on city innovations

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3-phase research process

1. Disentangle ASEAN innovation systems

Methodology

1. Disentangle ASEAN innovation systems

- National and sectoral innovation systems in 6 countries

2. Define city innovations and their systems

- Case studies of city innovations in Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh

City, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Singapore

3. Design future city innovation systems3. Design future city innovation systems

- Foresight and scenario building

- Innovations that address future city scenarios

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How do we do our research?

• Questions for building conceptual framework

Phase 2

• Questions for building conceptual framework

– What is a city innovation?

– What is a city innovation system?

• What makes it different from national/soctoral

systems?

• What are the elements in the system?• What are the elements in the system?

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Definition of a city innovation

– People have to be at the center of city innovation– People have to be at the center of city innovation

– Commercial innovations as well as social

innovations

– Focus on innovations that address urban

challenges

– Individual and community of innovators, not just – Individual and community of innovators, not just

formal organizations

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In analyzing city innovation systems, we

focus on …

1. Key actors/agencies1. Key actors/agencies

2. Interactions and linkages among actors

3. Systemic learning

4. Policies and implementation procedures

Plus what we already know about the six Plus what we already know about the six

dimensions of innovation

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Six dimensions of city innovations

Paradigm Position

Process

Paradigm Position

Institution

City

InnovationProduct Service

In addition, we propose…

Human-space ecology as a way to analyze city Human-space ecology as a way to analyze city

innovation systems

– Cognitive space

– Information space

– Physical space– Physical space

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a CITY INNOVATION

“A new or improved solution that contributes towards “A new or improved solution that contributes towards

enhanced liveability, prosperity, and equity of the

city.”

a CITY INNOVATION SYSTEM

“The human-space ecology that promotes the

creation, adoption, and diffusion of city innovations”creation, adoption, and diffusion of city innovations”

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• Novelty: A solution that is relatively new to the megacity in

question.

• Impacts: A solution that has already had noticeable impacts

on prosperity and liveability in your megacity OR exhibits

Criteria

on prosperity and liveability in your megacity OR exhibits

potential to effect substantial changes to prosperity and

liveability

• Equity: A solution that does not worsen the income

distribution and social inequality in the megacity. A city

innovation should reach a broader base in the urban

population, rather than benefitting only the rich.population, rather than benefitting only the rich.

• Environmental sustainability: A solution that is aligned with

the principle of environmental sustainability.

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• Economic and financial feasibility: A solution that is economically

and financially feasible. As we think ahead about how to diffuse a

city innovation from one megacity to another and/or to replicate it city innovation from one megacity to another and/or to replicate it

on a mass scale, the costs of creating, adopting, and diffusing an

innovation becomes critical.

• Transferability: A solution that is socially, culturally, or

geographically neutral is more likely to diffuse quickly and widely.

However, successful implementation of an innovative idea may rely

heavily on social and cultural contexts.

Political acceptability: Any solution that is to be adoption in a mass • Political acceptability: Any solution that is to be adoption in a mass

scale need political acceptance, which means people whose lives

are affected participate directly in the decision-making process.

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1. Analysis of city innovations

• Case studies of innovative solutions• Case studies of innovative solutions

– Choose industries/fields of innovations that create value

for liveablity and prosperity

• Find cases of city innovations

– Data collection: ask experts, documentary research, etc.

• Analyze them using the city innovation-system framework • Analyze them using the city innovation-system framework

– Creation, adoption, and diffusion

– What value does the city innovation create?

• Liveability , prosperity, equity, security, etc

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Meso-level analysis

• Are there investment policies at the city level • Are there investment policies at the city level

that support innovation systems?

– knowledge creation, creativity, innovativeness

– Infrastructure and urban development

• Financial intermediaries that support city • Financial intermediaries that support city

innovations

– How are city innovations supported financially?

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Items for case analysis

• Goal achievement• Goal achievement

– Prosperity, equity, liveability

• Dimensions of innovation

– Product, process, position, paradigm, service,

institution

• Innovators• Innovators

– individual and communities of innovators

• Human-space ecology of the innovation

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2. Analysis of a city innovation system

• Use the below framework to analyze city innovation • Use the below framework to analyze city innovation

systems:

• key actors/agencies

• Interactions and linkages among actors

• Systemic learning

• policies and implementation procedures• policies and implementation procedures

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• Investment policies

– particularly those on urban infrastructure for knowledge

creation, adoption & diffusioncreation, adoption & diffusion

• Institutional arrangements

– that links innovation policies w/ other development

policies

• Policy implementation processes

– that integrate innovation and urban policies at the – that integrate innovation and urban policies at the national and local levels

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Micro-level analysis

• Innovators • Innovators

– Who are they? What do they do?

• Individual, community, and institutional

– Are they the original owners of ideas? Or the ones who

implement and diffuse them?

• City innovations need leadership• City innovations need leadership

• Which actors are crucial to determining policy directions

and implementation? How so?

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Case Studies

Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

1.MaisoneHe

housing

project

1. Redevelop-

ment of KL

City Centre

1. Medical

Tourism

2. UP-Ayala

1. Medical

tourism

2. Creative

1. Creative

industries

2. City

1. InnovaIon

in housing

for the low

income

2.InformaIon

-sharing

practice in

government

3. “Waste

Bank” project

2. Low-cost

Housing

Community

3. Innovation

Initiative in

City Governance

2. UP-Ayala

Technology

Park

3. Gawad

Kalingahousing Project

2. Creative

precincts and art policies

2. City

Innovation of

Public Arts

2. Art-led

Community

Revitalization

income

2. InnovaIon

in Solid

Waste

Collection

Service

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Workshop program

Day 1: Presentations of city case studies

Day 2: Foresight and scenario buildingDay 2: Foresight and scenario building

Discussion on city innovation systems

Day 3: Resource mobilization

Other project management issues

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