Aquincumi Füzetek, 10. szám

8/13/2019 Aquincumi Fzetek, 10. szm

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QUIN UMAQUINCUMA BTM Aquincumi Mzeumnak satsai

s leletmentsei 2003-banExcavations and rescue work at the

Aquincum Museum in 2003


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AQUINCUMA BTM Aquincumi Mzeumnak satsai

s leletmentsei 2003-ban

Excavations and rescue workat the Aquincum Museum in 2003

Budapest, 2004


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Szerkeszt:Zsidi Paula

Fordts:

Simn Katalin, Alice M. Choyke

Rajz:Mlik va, Hable Tibor, CsernusErzsbet, Kovcs Tibor

Fot:Komjthy Pter, Gln Tth Csilla,T. Lng Orsolya, Ujvri Gbor

Geodzia:Busi Gyrgy, Kovcs Tibor

Technikai szerkeszt:Kolozsvri Krisztin

A kls bortn ell:A Bcsi ti rmaikocsi lcs vge

A kls bortn htul: Lszerszmveret millefiori dsztssel a Bcsi tikocsitemetkezsbl

A bels bortn:A 2003-ban vgzett megelzfeltrsok helysznei

Budapesti Trtneti Mzeum, 2004Felels kiad: Dr. Bod Sndor figazgat

Budapest Historical Museum, 2004

Editor-in-chief: Dr. Sndor Bod, Director

Edited by:Paula Zsidi

Translation by:

Katalin Simn, Alice M. Choyke

Drawings by:va Mlik, Tibor Hable, ErzsbetCsernus, Tibor Kovcs

Photos by:Pter Komjthy, Csilla Gln Tth,Orsolya T. Lng, Gbor Ujvri

Surveying work by:Gyrgy Busi, Tibor Kovcs

Technical assistance by:Krisztin Kolozsvri

Front cover: Decoration on the Romanwagon draught pole from Bcsi Road

Back cover: Harness fitting withmillefiori decoration from theBcsi Road wagon grave

Inside cover:Locations of larger investment ledexcavations in 2003


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A BTM Aquincumi Mzeumnak satsai

s leletmentsei 2003-ban

Excavations and rescue work at theAquincum Museum in 2003


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Budapesti Trtneti MzeumAquincumi Mzeum

Aquincumi fzetek10. szm

ISSN 1219-9419 (Aquincumi fzetek)ISSN 1219-9427 (Aquincum)


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Rgszeti feltrsok Budapest terletn2003-ban (Zsidi Paula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

A 2003-ban vgzett nagyobb megelzfeltrsok helysznei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Msodik szzadi srok a katonavrosnyugati temetjbl (Hable Tibor). . . . 15

Temetfeltrs a Bcsi ton(R. Facsdy Annamria) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Korai telepjelensgek kutatsa azaquincumi canabae dli rgijban(Madarassy Orsolya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Rgszeti kutatsok a Hajgyri-blben(H. Krd Katalin Tth Jnos Attila

Nmeth Margit Kirchhof Anita) . . . 37

Topogrfiai kutats az aquincumilegitbor szakkeleti elterben(Nmeth Margit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Kora rmai vdm s ks avar kori telepkutatsa a canabae szaki elterben(Budai Balogh Tibor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Rmai kori beptettsg kutatsa azaquincumi polgrvros dli vrosfalnkvl (T. Lng Orsolya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Feltrs a Szentendrei ti aquaeductusnyomvonaln (Havas Zoltn) . . . . . . . . 61

Archaeological excavations in 2003 in theterritory of Budapest (Paula Zsidi) . . . . . 8

Locations of larger investment ledexcavations in 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Second century graves from the westerncemetery of the Military Town(Tibor Hable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Excavation at a cemetery in Bcsi Road(Annamria R. Facsdy) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

The investigation of the early periods inthe southern section of the Aquincum

canabae (Orsolya Madarassy) . . . . . . . . 30

Archaeological investigationsin the Hajgyri-cove(Katalin H. Krd Jnos Attila Tth

Margit Nmeth Anita Kirchhof) . . . 37

Topographic investigations in the northeastforeground of the legionary fortress of

Aquincum (Margit Nmeth) . . . . . . . . . 42

Investigations of early Roman defenceworks and a Late Avar settlement in thenorthern outskirts of the canabae(Tibor Budai Balogh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Investigation of Roman periodoccupation outside the southerntown wall of the Aquincum Civil Town

(Orsolya T. Lng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Tartalom Contents


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A Szentendrei t Zhony utcakeresztezdsnl lv rmai korivzvezetk pillr csonkok technikai smemlkvdelmi mentse

(Vladr gnes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Feltrsok az aquincumi polgrvrosdlkeleti elterben(Lassnyi Gbor Zsidi Paula) . . . . . . 72

Rmai kori temetrszlet az aquincumipolgrvros szakkeleti szomszdsgban(T. Lng Orsolya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

jabb adatok az gynevezett Testvrhegyivilla topogrfiai helyzethez(T. Lng Orsolya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Feltrsok a vzivrosicastellumtl szakra(H. Krd Katalin Vgh Andrs) . . . 106

jabb rmai kori srok a vzivrosi

ala-tbor dli temetjbl (Benda Judit Hable Tibor Horvth M. Attila) . . 110

Feltrsok s leletmentsek az auxiliariscastellum vicusban Albertfalvn(Szirmai Krisztina Beszdes Jzsef) . . 116

Msodlagosan felhasznlt rmai kori srka Herman Ott utcbl(Beszdes Jzsef) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Nagyttny-CAMPONA 2003(Kocsis Lszl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Kzps bronzkori teleplsnyomai Lgymnyoson(Beszdes Jzsef Szilas Gbor) . . . . . 147

Feltrs a Paskl lakpark terletn

(Endrdi Anna Horvth M. Attila) . . 153

Excavation along the aqueduct onSzentendrei Road (Zoltn Havas) . . . . 61

Technical and monument rescue

of the pillar butts of the Romanaqueduct at the intersection ofSzentendrei Road and Zhony Street(gnes Vladr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Excavations in the southeasternforeground of the Aquincum Civil Town(Gbor Lassnyi Paula Zsidi) . . . . . . 72

Part of a Roman period cemeterynortheast of the Aquincum Civil Town(Orsolya T. Lng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

New data on the topographic positionof the so-called Testvrhegy villa(Orsolya T. Lng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Excavations north of theVzivros castellum

(Katalin H. Krd Andrs Vgh) . . . 106

New Roman period graves fromthe southern cemetery of the Vzivrosauxilary fort (Judit Benda Tibor Hable

Attila Horvth M.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Excavations and rescue workin the vicus of the auxiliary castellumat Albertfalva (Krisztina Szirmai

Jzsef Beszdes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Secondary use of a Roman periodtombstone from Herman Ott Street(Jzsef Beszdes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Nagyttny-CAMPONA 2003(Lszl Kocsis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126


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Kzps neolitikus teleplsTrkblint-Dulcskn(Horvth Lszl Andrs). . . . . . . . . . . 156

skori telepek, rmai kori rokrendszer,avar srok Biatorbgy-Hosszrteklelhelyen(Remnyi Lszl Tth Anik) . . . . . 160

skori s kzpkori leletekBiatorbgy-Tykberek, Trkblint-Kukoricadl lelhelyrl(Remnyi Lszl Terei Gyrgy) . . . . 168

Szigetszentmikls-Laki hegy-Dunra-dl(Remnyi Lszl Terei Gyrgy) . . . . 172

Az Aquincumi Mzeum kisebbfeltrsainak helysznei s eredmnyeia 2003. vben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Az Aquincumi Mzeum rgszeti clmegfigyelsei 2003-ban . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Rvidtsjegyzk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

A 2003. vi feltrsokkzremkdi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

A 2003. vi feltrsok megbzi stmogati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Az Aquincumi Mzeum munkatrsainak2003-ban megjelent publikcii . . . . 202

Traces of a Middle Bronze Agesettlement at Lgymnyos(Jzsef Beszdes Gbor Szilas) . . . . . 147

Excavation in the territory of thePaskl apartment complex(Anna Endrdi Attila Horvth M.). . 153

A Middle Neolithic settlement atTrkblint-Dulcska(Andrs Lszl Horvth). . . . . . . . . . . 156

Prehistoric settlements, a ditch systemfrom the Roman period, Avar gravesat the site of Biatorbgy-Hosszrtek(Lszl Remnyi Anik Tth) . . . . . 160

Prehistoric and medieval finds fromBiatorbgy-Tykberek,Trkblint-Kukoricadl site(Lszl Remnyi Gyrgy Terei) . . . . 168

Szigetszentmikls-Laki hegy-Dunra-dl

(Lszl Remnyi Gyrgy Terei) . . . . 172

Locations of and results from small-scaleexcavations conducted by the AquincumMuseum in 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Archaeological observation work carriedout by the Aquincum Museumin 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Participants in the excavationsin 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Employers and patrons of theExcavations in 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Publications by the staff of the

Aquincum Museum in 2003 . . . . . . . 202


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A BTM rgszeti osztlyainak vltozat-lanul a fvros rgszeti rksgnekvdelmvel kapcsolatos feltrsok adtk alegtbb feladatot a 2003. vben is. Az in-tzmny 22 rgsze 81 fvrosi helysznenvgzett satst (86 megkttt szerzdsalapjn), melyek mindegyike a fvrosbanfoly beruhzsokhoz, ptkezsekhezkapcsoldott. Az sat rgszek sszesen2185 napot tltttek terepen, kutatnknt3-4 helysznen vgeztk munkjukat. En-nek alapjn elmondhat, hogy az orszg-

ban vgzett sszes feltrs egytdeegy-hatoda 2003-ban is Budapest terletnzajlott. A rgszeti rksgvdelmi munkajelentsge az j ptsi technolgik selrsok (mlygarzs) idszakban egyren, hiszen az j beruhzsokkal tbbnyirenemcsak elfedik, hanem el is puszttjk alelhelyet. Egyetlen v alatt a fvros tr-tnetrl tanskod, tbb mint 100.000ngyzetmternyi terlet semmislt megaz ptkezsek sorn, s csaknem ugyan-ekkora terlet vlt vglegesen, vagy hosz-sz idre kutathatatlann, szerencsre ajelenleg rvnyben lv trvny, a hatsgs a mzeum jvoltbl, nem dokumen-tlatlanul. A rgszeti rksgvdelmi munkt a2001. oktberben letbe lpett, a kul-turlis rksgvdelemrl szl trvny

alapjn vgezzk, szoros egyttmkds-

Rgszeti feltrsokBudapest terletn2003-ban

Archaeological excavationsin 2003 in the territory ofBudapest

The major task of the archaeologicaldepartments of the Budapest HistoricalMuseum was linked to the protection ofarchaeological heritage in the Capital in2003 as well. Twenty-two archaeologistsconducted excavations at 81 sites in theCapital (based on 86 signed contracts).

All were connected with developmentand construction work in Budapest. Thearchaeologists spent altogether 2185 daysin the field, and each of these specialistsworked at 3-4 sites. Thus, it can be said

that one fifth or sixth of the excavations inthe country as a whole were conducted inthe territory of Budapest in 2003 as well.The significance of archaeological protec-tion of the heritage has been increased bythe appearance of new construction tech-nologies and regulations (deep parking),since the new investments do not simplycover the sites but mostly destroy them.In a single year, more than 100.000 squaremeters containing data related to the his-tory of the Capital were destroyed, andthe territory that has been removed frominvestigation either ultimately or for a longtime is almost as large; luckily this has notoccurred without being documentationowing to established law, the effectivenessof the authorities and the museum.

The protection of the archaeological

cultural heritage is based on the Act deal-


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ben a Kulturlis rksgvdelmi Hivatal-lal, amely intzmny a korbban a mze-um ltal vgzett szakhatsgi feladatokatis ellt. Ezzel egytt rgsz munkatrsaink

munkaidejnek jelents rszt tlti ki azsatsok elksztse, az ezzel kapcsolatosfelvilgostsok, szervezs, adminisztrci,s a beruhzkkal folytatott trgyalsok. Azsats j elksztse a gyors, grdlkenyfeltrsnak egyik legfontosabb felttele.Ezt azonban sokszor lehetetlenn teszi,hogy maguk a beruhzsok tbbsgkbenrosszul vagy nem kellen elksztettek,s ez all a nagy orszgos beruhzsoksem kivtelek. Elfordul, hogy rvnyesszerzds s satsi engedly birtokbansem tudjuk megkezdeni a munkt, mert aterlet kisajttsa mg nem trtnt meg.Sokszor a beruhz br a mzeumtlelvrja a feltrs pontos idtartamnaks pnzgyi kereteinek meghatrozst mg maga sincs tisztban, hogy a be-ruhzs mekkora fldmunkval jr, azaz

milyen mrtkben veszlyezteti az pt-kezs a rgszeti rksget. Gyakori, hogya tervezk menet kzben, az ptkezssorn vltoztatnak a terveken, ami jabbterletek feltrst ignyeln. Ezekbenaz esetekben azonban a beruhzk nemindtanak j hatsgi eljrst, az emlkekpusztulst a rgsz veszi szre. Ekkorazonban a kialakult helyzetet mr nehzkezelni anlkl, hogy az az ptkezsgrdlkeny menett ne befolysolja. jelemknt jelent meg az elmlt idszak-ban, hogy szakmai rvek helyett hatalmiszval s befolyssal igyekeztek a beruh-zk a feltrsok menett, az rksgvdmunkt befolysolni. A 2003-ban, a kulturlis rksgvdel-mi hatstanulmnyrl megjelent rendelettovbbi feladatot rtt a mzeum rgszei-

re. Az rksgvdelmi hatstanulmny

ing with the protection of the culturalheritage, which came into force in Octo-ber 2001, in close co-operation with theOffice of Cultural Heritage Protection.

This office carries out the archaeologi-cal authoritative duties formerly carriedout by the museum. Nevertheless, thepreparations for the excavations, obtainingthe necessary information, organization,administration and negotiations with theinvestors take long hours out of the work-ing time of the museum archaeologists.Proper preparation is one of the mostimportant prerequisites of fast, smoothrunning of excavations. This, however, isoften hindered by the fact that the major-ity of the investors themselves are poorlyor not sufficiently prepared, including thelarge, national investors. It has happenedthat we were not able to begin investiga-tions, even where a signed contract and alicense for excavation had been finalized,since the territory had not yet been taken

over. Often the investor, who expects thatthe museum respects their work deadlinesand financial frameworks of the excava-tion, is not aware of the extent of theearth moving required by the particulardevelopment, that is, the extent to whichthe construction will endanger the ar-chaeological heritage it impacts with.The architects frequently modify theirdesigns during operations and construc-tion, requiring excavation of altogethernew territories. In these cases, however,the investors do not initiate new proceed-ings but it is left to the archaeologists todetect the destruction of monuments.

At this point, it is already difficult tomanage the established situation withoutnegatively affecting the smooth course ofthe construction. It was a new element in

2003 that the investors tried to influence


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rgszeti tanulmnyrsznek kidolgozsaugyanis a rgszetileg rintett terletekmindegyikn szksges az nkormny-zatok rendezsi s szablyozsi terveinek

elksztshez, minimum az adatszolgl-tats szintjn. Ez az j feladat elssorbanRgszeti Adattrunk munkjt szapo-rtotta. Ehhez az j rendelethez kapcso-ldan a mzeum mintegy 15 rgsztjegyeztk be a NKM szakrti nvjegy-zkbe.

A mzeum munkatrsai a trvnyielrsokban foglalt dokumentcis, lelet-konzervlsi, nyilvntartsi feladatoknak isigyekeznek eleget tenni. Az satsi doku-mentcik ksztse a digitlis adatrgz-ts trhdtsval gyorsabb vlt, azonbana hazai restaurls szk kapacitsa miattaz idei vben elkerlt 1021 ldnyi lelet-anyag konzervlsa, s ennek kvetkezt-ben elsdleges nyilvntartsa ksedelmetszenved. Az llandsult kampny, a feltrsok

szervezsvel s bonyoltsval jr nehz-sgek valamint az j, tbblet-feladatokellenre a BTM rgszei ebben az vben issikerrel oldottk meg a feltrsi s rksg-vdelmi munkt. Az satsok sorn a fv-ros szmos, mr korbban ismert lelhely-rl nyertnk jabb, kiegszt informcit,de a 2003. vi kutatsok nhny orszgosvisszhangot is kivlt rgszeti szenzci-val szolgltak. Kzttk is els helyen ll,a mr korbban ismert, Aquincum nyugatitemetjnek (gynevezett Bcsi ti rmaikori temet) egyik parcelljban lovakkalegytt eltemetett, kocsi maradvnyainakelkerlse. A kocsi szmos, bronzbl svasbl kszlt szerkezeti elemt s tbbfigurlis bronz dsztelemt is magbanfoglal lelet jelentsgt nemcsak az adjameg, hogy ez az els Aquincumban feltrt

rmai kori kzlekedsi eszkz, hanem a

the course of the excavations and protec-tion of the cultural heritage using a policyof power-play and peremptory decisionsinstead of professional argument.

The published order concerning theeffectiveness of cultural heritage pro-tection in 2003, allotted the museumarchaeologists even more tasks. Namely,the archaeological part of the study ofthe effectiveness of the heritage protec-tion must be prepared separately for everyarchaeologically relevant territory, at leaston the level of data service, so that localgovernments can work out developmentand regulation plans. In particular, thistask further burdened the work of the

Archaeological Archives. In connectionwith this new decree, about 15 archaeolo-gists from the museum were registered inthe Ministry of National Cultural HeritageProtections (NKM) list of experts. The museum archaeologists have madeevery effort to fulfill the documentation,

find conservation and recording require-ments spelled-out in the Act. The exca-vation documentation can be preparedfaster since digital data recording hasbeen accepted, while the conservationof the find material unearthed this year,which fills 1021 cases, is obstructed by thelow restoration capacity in Hungary, con-sequently causing delays in its primarycataloguing. Despite the permanent nature of thecampaign, the difficulties raised by theorganisation and management of ex-cavations and the new, extra tasks, thearchaeologists of the Budapest HistoricalMuseum successfully carried out the ex-cavations and heritage protection this yearas well. We obtained new, complementaryinformation on numerous already known

sites in the Capital. The investigations


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lelet lelkrlmnyei is. Ez a rmai korihelybenl kelta-eraviszkusz lakossgrajellemz temetkezsi rtus ugyanis ed-dig nem kerlt el a provinciaszkhely,

Aquincum terletrl, ahol egybkntaz eraviszkuszok trzsi kzpontja volt.jabb rtkes adattal gazdagodott tovbbaz aquincumi helytarti palota egytte-se is. Rszben a KH bvrrgszetikzremkdsvel, valamint kiegsztdendrokronolgiai vizsglatokkal sikerltfelmrni s dokumentlni a palothoztartoz egykori rmai kori kikt k- sfaclpkbl ll szerkezett. Ez az jabbrtkes s egyedlll rszlet gazdagtottaa helytarti palota majdani bemutats-nak lehetsgeit, s jelentsen emelte apalotaegyttes nemzetkzi szinten is kie-melked, rgszeti-memlki rtkt. Azaquincumi polgrvrosi kutatsok is sztrdemelnek a szenzcik kztt. A pol-grvros krzetben tbb helysznen folytfeltrsok nemcsak j temetrszlettel, a

dli vrosfal eltti elvros kutatsval,hanem a vzvezetk egy szakasznak hite-lest feltrsval is gazdagtottk korbbiismereteinket. Ennek nyomn a vzveze-tk pusztulsi folyamatnak korbban is-meretlen rszletei kaptak j megvilgtst.Rendkvl gazdag leletanyag szrmazott apolgrvros dli elterben feltrt rmaikori vrosi szemtlerakhely feltrs-bl. A szokatlanul gazdag import (terra si-gillata, amphora) s hzikermia anyagot,falfestmnyt, valamint llatcsontot tartal-maz rteg feldolgozsa vrhatan j ada-tokkal fog szolglni a vros gazdasgra,kereskedelmi kapcsolataira vonatkozlag. A feltrsok mellett a BTM rgszeifolyamatosan vgeztk tudomnyos, pub-likcis munkjukat. 2003-ban csaknem100 klnbz cikkben, tanulmnyban,

s nll ktetben tettk kzz tudom-

conducted in 2003 resulted in a few sen-sational archaeological finds, creating astir throughout the country. The first ofthese was the recovery of the remains of

a dismantled wagon buried together witha pair of horses in a parcel from the well-known western cemetery of Aquincum(also known as the Roman cemeteryon Bcsi Road). The significance of thefind, comprising numerous bronze andiron structural elements and a numberof figural ornaments from the elaboratewagon is underlined not only by the factthat this is the first such Roman vehicleunearthed in Aquincum but also by thefind circumstances. This burial rite, char-acteristic of the autochthonous Celtic-Eraviscan population surviving in the Ro-man period, has not yet been found in theterritory of Aquincum, the administrativecenter of the province, which was, at thesame time, the tribal center of the Eravis-cans. Furthermore, new interesting data

have been obtained from the proconsulspalace complex in Aquincum. With theco-operation of underwater archaeologistsand complementary dendrochronologicalanalyses, we were able to survey and docu-ment the stone and timber post structureharbor of the palace from the Romanperiod. These new and unique detailsenriched the possibilities for future recon-struction of the proconsuls palace andsignificantly raised the archaeological andmonumental value of the palace complex,which is prominent internationally as well.The investigations in the Civil Town of

Aquincum also deserve to be mentionedamong these sensational results. Theexcavations, conducted at a number oflocations in the environs of the CivilTown, enriched our knowledge through

the discovery of new parts of a cemetery,


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nyos eredmnyeiket. Kiemelst rdemelaz Aquincumi Mzeum tudomnyosgrdjnak nagyszabs vllalkozsa, azelmlt harminc v aquincumi kutatsi

eredmnyeit sszefoglal Forschungen inAquincum (19692002), az AquincumNostrum II.2. kteteknt, melyet sajtt-jkoztatn mutattunk be.

Zsidi Paula

the investigation of the foreground of thesouthern town wall and also by the au-thenticating excavation of a stretch of theaqueduct. In consequence, new details

of the destruction process affecting theaqueduct have been revealed. An excep-tionally rich find material was recoveredfrom the excavation of the refuse dumpof the Roman Civil Town unearthed inits southern outskirts. The analysis ofthis archaeological layer, containing anextremely rich imported (Samian wareand amphora) and household ceramicmaterial, wall paintings and animal bones,will most probably yield new data on theeconomy and commercial contacts in thetown. Beside excavations, the archaeologistsof the Budapest Historical Museum pub-lished in 2003, describing their scientificachievements in nearly 100 articles, stud-ies and volumes. The large-scale enter-prise of the scientific staff at the Aquin-

cum Museum deserves separate mention.The volume, Forschungen in Aquincum(19692002), a recapitulation of theinvestigations in Aquincum over the pastthirty years, was edited as volume II.2 of

Aquincum Nostrum. It was formally intro-duced to the interested public at a pressconference.

Paula Zsidi


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Locations of largerinvestment led excavationsin 2003

(Marked as numbers on the inside covers)

Aquincumi katonai tborok, katonavros1. Bp. III. Bcsi t 70. (Hable Tibor)

2. Bp. III. Bcsi t 96/b.(R. Facsdy Annamria)

3. Bp. III. Pacsirtamez utca 311.(Madarassy Orsolya)

4. Bp. III. Hajgyri bl (H. KrdKatalin Tth Jnos Attila)

5. Bp. III. Raktr utca 1.(Kirchhof Anita Nmeth Margit)

Az aquincumi polgrvros s krzete

6. Bp. III. Filatorigt(Budai Balogh Tibor Zsidi Paula) 7. Bp. III. Huszti t 21.

(T. Lng Orsolya) 8. Bp. III. Szentendrei t 101115.

(Havas Zoltn Lassnyi Gbor Zsidi Paula)

9. Bp. III. Pk utca Nnsi t Vrosfal utca (T. Lng Orsolya)

Aquincumhoz tartoz terlet10. Bp. III. Bcsi t 310.

(T. Lng Orsolya)

Aquincumon kvli tborok s teleplsek,limes menti beptettsg11. Bp. II. Ganz utca 1214.

(H. Krd Katalin Vgh Andrs)12. Bp. I. Szalag utca 2224. (Benda Judit

Hable Tibor Horvth M. Attila)

A 2003-ban vgzett nagyobbmegelz feltrsokhelysznei

(Jellsk a bels bortn lv trkpeken)

Aquincum military forts, Military Town 1. Bp. III, 70 Bcsi Road (Tibor Hable) 2. Bp. III, 96/b Bcsi Road

(Annamria R. Facsdy) 3. Bp. III, 311 Pacsirtamez Street

(Orsolya Madarassy) 4. Bp. III, Hajgyri-cove (Katalin

Krd H. Attila Jnos Tth) 5. Bp. III, 1 Raktr Street

(Anita Kirchhof Margit Nmeth)

Aquincum Civil Town and its environs

6. Bp. III, Filatorigt(Tibor Balogh Budai Paula Zsidi) 7. Bp. III, 21 Huszti Road

(Orsolya T. Lng) 8. Bp. III, 101115 Szentendrei Road

(Zoltn Havas Gbor Lassnyi Paula Zsidi)

9. Bp. III, Pk Street Nnsi Road Vrosfal Street (Orsolya T. Lng)

Aquincum Territories10. Bp. III, 310 Bcsi Road

(Orsolya T. Lng)

Forts and settlements outside Aquincum,establishment along the limes11. Bp. II, 1214 Ganz Street

(Katalin Krd H. Andrs Vgh)12. Bp. I, 2224 Szalag Street (Judit Benda

Tibor Hable Attila Horvth M.)


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13. Bp. XI. Albertfalva, Hunyadi Jnost (Beszdes Jzsef SzirmaiKrisztina)

14. Bp. II. Herman Ott utca 20.

(Beszdes Jzsef)

A Magyar Nemzeti Mzeumfeltrsban15. Bp. XXII. Nagyttny (Kocsis Lszl)

s- s npvndorls kori lelhelyek16. Bp. XI. Lgymnyos, Fehrvri t

Bocskai ti csompont(Beszdes Jzsef Szilas Gbor)

17. Bp. XIV. Egressy t Vezr utca(Endrdi Anna)

18. M0 krgyr Trkblint-Dulcska (Horvth Lszl Andrs)

19. M0 krgyr Biatorbgy-Hosszr-tek (Remnyi Lszl Tth Anik)

20. M0 krgyr Biatorbgy-Tykberek(Remnyi Lszl Terei Gyrgy)

21. M0 krgyr Trkblint-

Kukoricadl(Remnyi Lszl Terei Gyrgy)22. M0 krgyr Szigetszentmikls-

Lakihegy-Dunra-dl(Remnyi Lszl Terei Gyrgy)

13. Bp. XI, Albertfalva, Hunyadi JnosRoad (Jzsef Beszdes KrisztinaSzirmai)

14. Bp. II, 20 Herman Ott Street

(Jzsef Beszdes)

Excavation by the Hungarian NationalMuseum15. Bp. XXII, Nagyttny (Lszl Kocsis)

Pre- and protohistoric sites16. Bp. XI, Lgymnyos, Fehrvri Road

Bocskai Road junction(Jzsef Beszdes Gbor Szilas)

17. Bp. XIV, Egressy Road Vezr Street(Anna Endrdi)

18. M0 motorway Trkblint-Dulcska (Andrs Lszl Horvth)

19. M0 motorway Biatorbgy-Hossz-rtek (Lszl Remnyi Anik Tth)

20. M0 motorway Biatorbgy-Tykberek(Lszl Remnyi Gyrgy Terei)

21. M0 motorway Trkblint-

Kukoricadl(Lszl Remnyi Gyrgy Terei)22. M0 motorway Szigetszentmikls-

Lakihegy-Dunra-dl(Lszl Remnyi Gyrgy Terei)


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2003 jlius 2. s augusztus 29. kzttjabb csontvzas s szrthamvas srokattrtunk fel az aquincumi canabae nyugatitemetjben (1. kp: 1), 100 mterre dlreaz ismert legkorbbi, Kr. u. 1.-2. szzadiparcellktl. (BNIS 1947, 1. kp: 2)

A K & M Kft., OBELISZK-SB Kft. sPANNON-IB Kft. tulajdonban lvingatlan sszterletnek tbb mint felt(410 ngyzetmtert) tkutattuk. Igazodvaa beptsi tervekhez, nem stunk a teleknyugati negyedben, 2,5 mter szles

biztonsgi svban, a Bcsi t 68. szmplet tzfala mellett, illetve egy mlyjkori pince miatt nem nyitottuk meg a18., 26, 27. s 28. szektort. Kertmvelssels jkori alpozsokkal sok helytt mlyentforgattk a talajrtegeket. (1. kp: 3)Nem talltunk rmai kori objektumokata 11., 21., 16. s 17. szektorban. Egykor, avkonyabb humusztakar all mg kiltsz,hatalmas mszksziklkba sem vgtaksrokat. (1. kp: 4) Msutt tgasabb volta teraszos domboldal, itt kisebb, zsfoltfelletekre tagoldott a rmai temet is.(HABLEMRTON 2001, 2137) Negyven munkanap alatt 8 csontvzass 22 hamvasztsos temetkezst doku-mentltunk, de csak a szrvnyleletek,illetve a teljes leletanyag kirtkelse utnlesz eldnthet, hogy a parcellt hasznl-

tk-e a Severus-dinasztia uralkodsnak

Msodik szzadi sroka katonavros nyugatitemetjbl

(Budapest, III. ker., Bcsi t 70.,Hrsz.: 14737/3)

Second century graves fromthe western cemetery of theMilitary Town

(Budapest III, 70. Bcsi Road, Ln: 14737/3)

Further inhumation and cremation graveswith scattered ashes were unearthed inthe western cemetery of the Aquincumcanabae between July 2 and August 29,2003 (Fig. 1: 1), 100 m south of the earliestlots from the AD 1st-2ndcenturies (BNIS1947, Fig. 1: 2). We investigated more thanhalf (401 m2) of the entire territory of thelot owned by the K & M Kft., the OBE-LISZK-SB Kft. and the PANNON-IB Kft.In conformity with the construction plans,we did not excavate in the western quarter

of the lot in the 2.5 m wide security zonealong the firewall of the building at 68 BcsiRoad and we did not open sectors 18, 26,27 and 28 because there was a deep mo-dern cellar extending over these areas. Thestratigraphic levels were disturbed down toa great depth by horticulture and modernfoundations (Fig. 1: 3). We did not findfeatures from the Roman period in sectors11, 21, 16 and 17. No graves were cut intothe huge limestone rocks cropping out fromthe once thinner humus layer (Fig. 1: 4). Inother places, the hillside terraces were mo-re spacious, whereas the Roman cemeterywas broken up into smaller, crowded surfa-ces (HABLEMRTON 2001). We could document 8 inhumation and22 cremation burials during 40 workdays.However, it was only possible to decide

if the parcel was in use until the end of


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vgig. Kilenc esetben szrvnyos, fasze-nes elsznezdst figyeltnk meg az p s-rok feletti rtegekben, hat helyen sztszrtemberi csontokat talltunk.

Egyelre csak t szrthamvas sr nhnylelett tudjuk bemutatni. (2., 3. kp)Mind-egyik objektum ksbbi a szkebb krnye-zetben tallt tbbi temetkezsnl. Dli sdlnyugati fektets csontvzak felett ktszrthamvas srt talltunk a 21. szektor dlifelben. Az egyikben szrke fazk volt leta-karva kopott, srgsvrs bevonat, 2. sz-zad kzepn gyrtott tnyrral. (1. kp: 5;2., 3. kp: a; TOPL 2003, 133, Pl. 7: 17/2)Szintn csontvzas sr fltt jelentek meghamvasztsos gdrk a 12. szektor dlkeletinegyedben. A tetcserepekkel fedett, na-gyobbik sr (1. kp: 6)mellklete kt nyers

1. kp: Bp. III. Bcsi t 70., sszest alaprajz; 2003 (Hable T.)Fig. 1: Bp. III, 70 Bcsi Road, overall plan, 2003 (T. Hable)

the reign of the Severus dynasty afterevaluation of the stray finds and the entirefind material. In nine cases, we observeddiscolourations with charcoal in the layers

overlying the intact graves and at six placeswe found scattered human bones. As yet we can describe only a few findsfrom five graves with scattered ashes (Figs 2and 3). All the features are younger than therest of the burials in their neighborhood.We found two graves with scattered ashesabove inhumation burials oriented to thesouth and southwest in the southern part ofsector 21. One contained a grey pot coveredwith a plate with a worn yellowish red slip,a type produced in the middle of the AD2ndcentury. (Fig. 1: 5; 2., Fig. 3: a; TOPL2003, 133, Pl. 7: 17/2) The cremation pits


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3. kp: Vlogats a szrthamvas srok leletanyagbl (Hable T.)Fig. 3: A selection of the finds from graves with scattered ashes (T. Hable)

a

b

cd

e e

f g

h


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4. kp: Rmai kori szrt hamvas srFig. 4: Roman period scatteres ash grave

(1. kp: 9)nyugati oldaln, kerek gdrben,srk dsztetlen, als csonkja llt, e mellkt teljesen p vegednykt temettek.

A kis knikus test (lentoid) palack ritka

lelet, (SALDERN 1975, 208, 592) a forma3. szzadi, pontos megfelelit Pannoniblnem ismerjk. (2., 3. kp: g; BARKCZI1988, 135, Taf. XXII. 278) Ismertebb tpustkpvisel a szoptats ednyke (infundibu-lum), ami 2. szzadi srokbl gyakran kerlel. (2., 3. kp: h; BARKCZI 1988, 127,Taf. XX. 248, 249) A nyolc csontvzas sr tjolsa kln-bz, csak egy gyermek s csecsemazonos. (1. kp: 10, 11) A halottak kzl5 felntt, 1 kisebb s 2 nagyobb gyermek(infans I-II), 1 pedig jszltt (foetus)volt. Mellkletk egyltaln nincs, (1. kp:10, 12) vagy nagyon szegnyes (mcses:11, fazk: 13, bronz rme: 14, apr veg-gyngyk: 15). Pontos datlsuk a teljesleletanyag kirtkelsig nem lehetsges egyedl a 15. srgdrt stk korbbi

szrthamvas sr anyagba. A temet sremlkeinek elmozdtsa,jrafelhasznlsa s pusztulsa mr armai korban megkezddtt. (1. kp: 9)Eredetileg ignyesen dsztett klapokbl,a 4.-5. szzadban gyakran ptettek j sr-ldt, (HABLEMRTON 2000, 2036)rosszabb esetben helyben meszet gettekbellk. (HABLEMRTON 2001, 2137) De nyersanyagrt bnysztk a temetterletn felbukkan mszksziklkat isIlyen klszni fejts nyomait figyeltk mega 24. szektorban. Hasts s farags nyomailtszdtak a szikla keleti oldaln, elter-ben pedig bontsi trmelk halmozdottfel. (1. kp: 16)A kkupactl pr mterretallt falcsonk (opus spicatum) korbbisrkert rsze lehetett. (1. kp: 17) Nhny gdr a srok szintjnl m-

lyebben jelentkezett, koruk s rendelte-

product from the end of the AD 2ndcen-tury (NAGY 1942, LXVII. 1). In the latest

feature from the next grave group with scat-tered ashes (Fig. 1: 8)we found the firmalamp of a potter who operated at the endof the AD 2ndcentury and used the markVICT(orianus). (2., Fig. 3: f)The undeco-rated, lower end of a tombstone stood ina round pit on the western side of graveno. 9 with scattered ashes (Fig. 1: 9), andtwo small, intact glass bottles were placedbeside it. The small, conical (lentoid) flaskis a rare find (SALDERN 1975, 208, 592).The exact analogues for this shape arenot known from Pannonia from the AD3rd century onwards (2., Fig. 3: g; comp.:BARKCZI 1988, 135, Taf. XXII. 278)The small nursing vessel (infundibulum)is a more common type, frequently foundin Roman graves from the AD 2ndcentury.(2., Fig. 3: h; comp.: BARKCZI 1988, 127,

Taf. XX. 248, 249)


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tsk csak bizonytalanul definilhat.(1. kp: 18)Hrom objektumban a ks-rzkor badeni tpus cserepeit talltuk.(1. kp: 19)

Hable Tibor

Irodalom/References:

BNIS 1947 B. Bnis .: A Bcsi-ti kora-rmai temet agyagednyei (La cramiquedu cinetire de Bcsi t de lpoque romai-ne). Antiquitas Hungarica 1(1947) 4348.BARKCZI 1988 Barkczi, L.: Pannonis-che Glasfunde in Ungarn. Budapest, 1988.HABLEMRTON 2000 Hable T. Mr-ton A.: Srok s srkvek a Bcsi ti temet-bl (Graves and gravestones from the BcsiRoad cemetery), Aqfz 6 (2000) 2036.HABLEMRTON 2001 Hable T. Mrton A.: jabb srok az aquincumikatonavros nyugati temetjbl (Recently

discovered from the Aquincum MilitaryTowns Western cemetery), Aqfz 7 (2001)2137.KUZSINSZKY 1932 Kuzsinszky B.: Agzgyri rmai fazekastelep Aquincumban.BudRg. 11. (1932)NAGY 1942 Nagy L.: Temetk s temet-kezs. In Budapest trtnete (Red. SzendyK.) Budapest az korban II. Budapest,1942.SALDERN 1975 Saldern, A. v. Nolte, B. La Baume, P. Haevernick, Th. E.: Glserder Antike. Sammlung Erwin Oppenlnder.Red.: A. von Saldern, Kln, 1975TOPL 2003 Topl, J.: Roman Cemete-ries of Aquincum, Pannonia. The WesternCemetery, Bcsi Road II. Budapest, 2003

The orientation of the eight inhumationgraves was diverse. Only a child and a babylay in graves with the same orientation (Fig.1: 10, 11). Five of the deceased were adults,

1 was a small child, and 2 were older child-ren (infans I-II), while one was a new-bornbaby (foetus). They were not given gravegoods (Fig. 1: 10, 12)or else the grave go-ods were very poor (a lamp: 11, a pot: 13, abronze coin: 14, tiny glass beads: 15). It isnot possible to provide an exact date untilthe entire find material is analyzed. Onlygrave shaft no. 15 was dug into the materialof an earlier grave with scattered ashes. The dislocation, secondary utilisationand destruction of the tombstones fromthe cemetery already started in the Romanperiod (Fig. 1: 9). Often in the AD 4th-5thcenturies new sarcophagi were construc-ted from the originally finely finished andornamented stone slabs of former graves(HABLEMRTON 2000, 2036). Evenworse, lime was burnt out of them on lo-

cation. (HABLEMRTON 2001, 2137)The limestone rocks were also present inthe territory of the cemetery and were ex-poited for their raw material. The traces ofan open quarry were observed in sector 24.The marks left by splitting and carving co-uld be seen on the eastern side of the rock,and quarry debris accumulated in front ofthis rock (Fig. 1: 16). The remains of a wall(opus spicatum) was found a few metresfrom the stone heap and may have beenpart of a former graveyard (Fig. 1: 17). A few pits appeared which were deeperthan the level of the graves but their ageand function cannot be certainly determi-ned (Fig. 1: 18). In three features we foundsherds from the Late Copper Age Badenculture (Fig. 1: 19).

Tibor Hable


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pleisztocn kori desvzi mszk alkotta,mely forrsok megltre is utal a terleten.Erre rakdott a vilgos, lszs, kzetlisztess a szrksbarna agyag. A geo-pedolgiaivizsglat lejts tmegmozgst s vzfolysnyomait llaptotta meg. Emberi megtele-pedsre, objektumokra utal nyomot csaka rmai korbl talltunk. E korszak utn a

terlet mind a rgszeti, mind a geolgiaimegfigyelsek alapjn vszzadokig hu-mn hasznlaton kvli, fves trsg volt.

A Bcsi t s a hegyoldal kztti, a rmaikorban is mg ltez trszni mlyeds ter-mszetes eredet, ennek nyugati oldaltla mai Doberd t fel a hegyoldal mere-deken emelkedett. A terlet domborzativiszonyai nemcsak keletnyugati irnybantrtek el, hanem az altalaj az elbbinlkisebb mrtkben szakszaknyugat felis mlylt. Az sats sorn felbukkandesvzi mszk tmbk egy rsze a me-redek hegyoldalrl csszott a terlet keleti,mlyebb rszeire. A szablytalan alak,azonos dlsszg kvek mellett a rmairtegben is tbb darab, szablyos, elnagyol-tan faragott mszk tmb bukkant el azobjektumok kztt. A kvek elksztett-

sge egy, a feltrs helytl magasabban

2003). The undisturbed substratum wascomprised of Pleistocene freshwater lime-stone indicating the existence of springsin the region. Light coloured, loessy,powdered rock and greyish brown claywas deposited on top. The geological andpedological investigations indicate massmovements in the direction of the slope

and traces of flowing water. Remains ofsettlement could be observed only fromthe Roman period. Both the archaeologi-cal and the geological observations provideevidence that after the Roman period theterritory was uninhabited for centuriesand became covered by grass. The depres-sion between Bcsi Road and the hillside,which still existed in the Roman period,was a natural phenomenon. The hillsiderose steeply on its western side toward themodern Doberd Road. The relief was dif-ferent not only in an eastwest directionbut the substratum deepened to a lesserextent towards the north northwest aswell. Some of the freshwater limestoneblocks uncovered during the excavationslipped down from the steep hillside tothe deeper eastern areas of the territory.

Apart from these irregularly shaped blocks

1. kp: sszkpaz sats elsszakaszban

Fig. 1: General viewfrom the first phase

of the excavations


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fekv kbnya, illetve kfarag elksztmhely megltre utal, ahonnan a kveka mlyebben fekv temetrsz terletrecsszhattak.

A kutatst a tervezett pletegyttesnyugati plete alatt, annak szaknyugativgn, a Doberd t mellett kezdtk meg.

Az itt hzott kutatrokban vegyes, rmai-val kevert kermiatredkek kerltek el,objektumot nem talltunk. Az plet dlioldaln tovbbi kutatrokkal behatroltuka rmai temett, mely ksi szakaszban ahegyoldal meredek lejtjre is felhzdott.Ezzel prhuzamosan megkezdtk a Bcsit mentn kszl plet alatti feltrsels, majd jniustl a msodik rszt is.

Az jkori pletalapok a rmai szintbemlyedtek, kzpkori rteg nem volt. (Akzpkor jelenltt csak kt darab srlt,szrvny rem jelzi.) A terlet legszakibbkeskeny svja a rmai temetparcellnkvl esett. Itt a lejtn lecsszott s ter-mszetes alakulat mszkvek felhaszn-

lsval, kiegsztsvel kszlt jrszintek,forrsokra utal nyomok kerltek el. A feltrs sorn megtalltuk a temet-rsz nyugati s szaki hatrt, amit egy-egyszrazfalazssal kszlt, a korabeli terep-alakulatot kvet, 80 centimter vastagfal mutat. (1. kp)A kertsfal mentn sa srok kztt jrfelletek, trtegek rsz-leteit bontottunk ki, helyenknt a falazatmegjtst, elplanrozst is megfigyel-hettk. A temet nyugati oldalban ntttfalazattal kszlt, terrazzval blelt vzve-zetk haladt, mely a Doberd utca felettihegyoldalban lv forrsok egyiknek viztszllthatta dl fel. (2. kp) Munkater-letnk hatrain bell dokumentlhattuk,a vzvezetk szakdli irny szakasznkvl, fordulsnak vt, s szaknyugatdl-keleti irny, a hegyoldalba frd rszt is

kibontottuk. A vzvezetk a temet hasz-

which had a uniform inclination, numer-ous roughly dressed, regular limestoneblocks were uncovered in the Roman layerbetween the features. The fact that theblocks were dressed suggests that a quarryand a workshop for the preparation anddressing of the rock existed at a higherelevation. The dressed blocks would haveslipped down to the lower territory of thisfragment of the cemetery. The investigations began under thewestern building of the future build-ing complex, at its northwestern end byDoberd Road. The trench opened herecontained sherds mixed with Roman pot-tery fragments although no feaures werefound. The edge of the Roman cemetery,which climbed the steep hillside in its late

phase, was found in another test trench. At

2. kp: A vzvezetk rszleteFig. 2: Detail of the water channel


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nlati ideje alatt plt meg, s a temetke-zsek folytatdtak annak megsznse utnis.

A temetparcella hossz ideig haszn-

latban volt, a leletek alapjn mr a Kr. u.2. szzad sorn temetkeztek itt, s folya-matosan kerltek fldbe srok a 4. szzadvgig, st valsznleg az 5. szzad ele-jig. A 2003. satsi idszakban sszesen214 srt bontottunk ki, s hamvasztsos scsontvzas rtus temetkezseket egyarntfeltrtunk. A temetkezsi md rendkvlvltozatos volt. A legnagyobb szmban(124 sr) szrthamvas srok fordultakel, de kt urnasr is elkerlt. A ham-vasztsos srok kztt klapokkal fedett,kpakolssal bortott vltozatok is voltak.Tbb sr oldalt kitapasztottk. Nhny srngyzet alak, falazott srkertben fekdt,ngy ilyen jelleg temetkezs kerlt el. Acsontvzas srok tbbsge kopors nlklitemetkezs volt, de ht darab tegulkbls hat klapokbl sszelltott srt tall-

tunk. A hossz hasznlati idt nemcsaka leletanyag bizonytja, hanem a gyakoriegymsra temetkezsek is. A munka sorntbb rtegben bukkantunk ezekre a srok-

the same time, we initiated the first phaseof the excavation under the future build-ing on Bcsi Road, which was followed bythe second phase of the work in June. The

foundations of the modern houses extend-ed down into the Roman layer, while themedieval layers were missing. (Only twodamaged, stray coins represented medievaltimes.) The northernmost, narrowest zoneof this territory lay outside the Romancemetery lot. Here, traces of floor levelsmade partly from the natural limestoneblocks that had slipped down from thehillside as well as springs were uncovered. In the course of the excavations, welocated the western and northern bordersof the cemetery fragment, each edge withan 80 cm wide wall made in a dry-walltechnique (Fig. 1). Both walls followedthe contemporary relief. The fragments offloor levels and road layers were uncoveredalong the fencing wall and between thegraves. At a few spots the renewal and the

levelling of the wall could also be observed.An water conduit made of cast-in-situwalls and lined with terrazzo ran along thewestern side of the cemetery and carried

3. kp: Gyermeksrokjtk mellklettelFig. 3: Toys as grave-goodsfrom childrens graves


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ra, melyek kzl a legmlyebbre lesottakmr a lszs-szikls bolygatatlan altalajbamlyedtek bele. A felnttek mellett 12csecsem s kisgyermek srja (3. kp)kerlt el, kzttk imbrexszel fedett sris. A srok mrete, alakja, irnya is igenvltozatos, csakgy, mint a mellkletadsmrtke. (4-5. kp) Mellklet nlkl el-

temetettek, egy-egy, a ruhzathoz tartoz,a hasznlatnak megfelel helyzet kszertviselk srjai ppgy megtallhatk voltaka temetben, mint a gazdag mellkletsrok. Az egymsra temetkezsek miattirszleges bolygatson kvl is tbb, ersenbolygatott, feldlt srt talltunk. A ham-vasztsos rtussal eltemetettek a temet-rsz dlkeleti rszn koncentrldtak, mga csontvzas srok fknt a nyugati rszenkerltek el. A srcsoportok kztt idbelieltoldst is meg lehet figyelni. A hegyoldallbnl, a temet nyugati rszn szablyosrendben lltak a klapokbl sszelltottsrok, melyek mindegyike feldlt volt, tbbszemlyhez tartoz, rszleges csontvzma-radvnyokat tartalmazott. A srok klapjaia budai hegyekben tallhat desvzi msz-kbl kszltek. A Bcsi thoz kzeli, ke-

leti svban kevs temetkezs maradt rnk,

the water from one of the springs abovethe Doberd Road towards the south(Fig. 2). We could document the segmentrunning northsouth, the bend as well asthe northwestsoutheast running stretchof the water conduit, which latter ran intothe hillside. The water conduit was builtduring the active time of the cemetery

although graves continued to be openedeven after the water conduit stopped func-tioning.

The cemetery parcel was in use for along time. The finds indicate that the firstburials can be dated from the AD 2ndcen-tury and graves were continuously dug intothe area until the end of the 4th centuryand probably even up to the beginningof the 5th century. Altogether 214 graveswith both cremation and inhumationrites were unearthed during the 2003 ex-cavation season. The burial methods werevery diverse. In the overwhelming major-ity of the graves (124 graves) the asheswere scattered, although in two graves wefound urns. Among the cremation buri-als, some were covered with a stone slabor by a heap of stone blocks. Numerous

graves had plastered walls. A few graves

4. kp: Rszlet atemetblFig. 4: Detail from thecemetery


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s ezt a szmot csak rszben magyarzza aksbbi tereprendezs puszttsa.

A leletanyag egy rsze a ruhzathoz tar-toz kszerek, viseleti trgyak kzl kerlt

ki, pldul gyngysorok, klnbz tpusruhakapcsol tk, karperecek, gyrk, m-sik rsze a halottak tlvilgi utazsra srbahelyezett lelemtart ednyek, mcsesek,rmek s egyb hasznlati trgyak. Utb-biak kzl az egyik hamvasztsos srblelkerlt bronzednyt s bronz ednyflet,valamint vegkorskat, illatszeres vegeketemelhetjk ki. Tbb srba helyeztek ldikt,amirl veretek tanskodnak. A viszonylagpsgben megmaradt srok kztt 44-benvolt rem is, a gyermekeket pedig sokszorjtkaikkal egytt temettk el. Az kszerektbbnyire csontbl vagy bronzbl kszlt,

Aquincumban ltalnosan hasznlt dara-bok voltak, de a kevsb maradand vasblkszlt karperec s gyr is kerlt el.

lay in a square, walled graveyard and fourof this type of burial came to light. Mostof the inhumation burials had no coffins.

At the same time, we found seven graves

built of tegulae and six graves constructedfrom stone slabs. Another proof of thelong-term use of the cemetery is thefrequent superposition of the graves. Wefound these graves in consecutive layers,the deepest graves extending down intothe loessy, rocky undisturbed virgin soil.Beside adults, we found the graves of 12infants and small children (Fig. 3), one ofthem covered with imbrex. The measure-ments, proportions and orientation of thegraves were also diverse just like the num-ber of grave-goods (Figs. 4-5). We couldfound bodies buried without grave-goods,ones with a few pieces of jewellery wornon the clothing and found in this positionand richly furnished burials. Apart fromthe partial disturbance caused by thesuperposition, we discovered many badly

disturbed, disturbed graves as well. Thecremation burials clustered in the south-eastern part of this cemetery fragment,while the inhumation burials were mostlyfound in its western part. A chronologicaldivergence could also be observed amongthe grave groups. The graves constructedfrom stone slabs stood at regular intervalsin the western part of the cemetery by thefoot of the hill. All of them had been dis-turbed and they contained the fragmen-tary skeletons of more than one person.The stone slabs were made of freshwaterlimestone from the Buda hills. Only a fewburials were preserved in the eastern zoneclose to Bcsi Road, which is only partiallyexplained by demolition caused by laterlandscaping. Some of the finds were items of jewel-

lery worn on clothing and articles of dress

5. kp: Fiatal lny srja gazdag mellklettelFig. 5: Rich grave goods from the burial of a young girl


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A temet kiemelked jelentsg lelete

a 162. szm sr, mely, lovakkal egytt el-fldelt rmai kocsi maradvnyait rejtette. Aterleten l slakossg, a kelta-eraviscusoka halottak tlvilgi utazst kocsin kpzel-tk, s a rmaiaktl tvett szoksuk szerintlltott srkveiken ezt a jelenetet is meg-rktettk. Keveseknek jutott az a kivltsg,hogy megengedhettk maguknak egy val-di, dszes kocsi vagy rszei srba vitelt.Kelet-Pannonibl tbb kocsitemetkezstvagy arra utal nyomot ismernk, vrosikrnyezetben, vrosi temetben lvt, il-letve aquincumit idig azonban egyet sem.(PALGYINAGY 2000, 150; ZSIDI 2003,57.) A temetkezsre a temet hasznlat-nak korai szakaszban kerlhetett sor, s egy4. szzadban eltemetett leny srja csak kisrszt ronglta meg. (6. kp)A krlbell3,63,6 mter mret, a sziklk kz

mlytett gdr szaki oldaln voltak csak

e.g. necklaces, various brooches, bracelets,

and finger-rings. Another part of the findscomprised vessels, lamps, coins and otherarticles of use intended to help the jour-ney made by the dead to the other world.

Among the latter would be included abronze vessel and a bronze vessel handlefound in a cremation burial as well asglass jugs and scent bottles. Several gravescontained caskets as suggested by the re-maining casket fittings. Forty-four of therelatively well preserved graves containedcoins, while the children were often buriedtogether with their toys. Most of the piecesof jewellery represent common artefacts in

Aquincum. They could also be made ofbone or bronze, although a few braceletsand rings made of less enduring iron werealso found. The most significant find from the

entire cemetery comes from grave no. 162,

6. kp: A rmai kocsi sr kibonts kzben a belesott ksrmai srralFig. 6: The Roman wagon grave during cleaning with the Late Roman grave dug into it


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gsnyomok. A fa rszek szenesedsnekmrtkbl, a lmaradvnyok psgbla mglya lefojtst felttelezhetjk. A k-tfken vezetett kt lovat egy fiatal, 3 s

fl ves, s egy ids, 18 ves kanct (a lovakvizsglatt, koruk s nemk megllaptstLyublyanovics Kyra vgezte, akinek mun-kjt ksznm) a helysznen taglztk le,s dobtk a srgdrbe, a sztszedett kocsirszeivel egyidejleg. A kt l a gdrbekerls pillanatban mg mozgott, egyikkoldaln fekdt, a msik rszben az elbbin,rogyasztott pzban. A kocsi rszei kzlnhny darab, gy az egyik kerk egy rszeis, a lovak al kerlt. Az sats sorn tettmegfigyelsek alapjn egy ngykerek,kevs bronz dsztmnnyel elltott kocsikerlt a srba. Az igen nagy nedvessgtar-talm talaj miatt vas alkatrszei ersenkorrodltak, rossz megtartsak, formjukkivehetetlen. A jelenleg restaurls alattlv darabok elkszltvel nylik md akocsi rekonstrulsra, pontos keltezsre.

(7. kp) A temet hasznlati idejnek msikvgpontjaknt emlthetjk a hegyoldallbnl psgben fekv ni csontvzat,melynek ujjn jelentktelen kinzet,egyszer bronz gyr volt. A gyr felirata IHS- bizonytja, hogy viselje keresztny-nek vallotta magt. A feltrs munki sorn az sats le-bonyoltsban Anderk Krisztin satsitechnikus volt segtsgemre.

R. Facsdy Annamria


FACSDY 2000 Facsdy A.: Leletment-sek az n. Bcsi ti temet szaki rszn.

(Rescue Excavations in the Northern Part

which contained the remains of a Romancart buried together with the horses whichpulled it. The Celtic Eraviscans, the au-tochtonous population in this territory, be-lieved that the dead journeyed to the otherworld on carts. This scene was depicted onthe tombstones they raised according to acustom borrowed from the Romans. Veryfew could actually be privileged enoughto take their real, ornamental cart or evenparts of it into the grave. We know of afew cart burials or traces of them fromEastern Pannonia, but none from a city,in a municipal cemetery setting (PAL-GYINAGY 2000, 150; ZSIDI 2003, 57).The burial must have taken place in theearly phase of the cemetery. The grave ofa girl buried in the AD 4th century dam-aged only a small portion of this grave (Fig.

6). The only traces of burning were found

7. kp: Rszlet a kocsi srbl bonts kzbenFig. 7: Detail from the cleaning of the wagon burial


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of the so-called Bcsi Street Cemetery.)Aqfz 6 (2000) 5661.FACSDY 2003 Facsdy A.: Szondzs aBcsi ti temet szaki rszn. (Test exca-

vatioin in the northern part of the ceme-tery on Bcsi road.) Aqfz 9 (2003) 6568.HABLEMRTON 2001 Hable T. Mrton A.: jabb srok az aquincumikatonavros nyugati temetjbl. (Newgraves from the western cemetery of the

Aquincum Military Town.) Aqfz 7(2001)2137.MINDSZENTYHORVTH 2003 Mindszenty A. Horvth Z.: Az buda/Bcsi t 96. rgszeti sats geo-pedolgiaivizsglata, Budapest, kzirat.PALGYINAGY 2000 K. Palgyi S. Nagy L.: Rmai kori halomsrok a Du-nntlon, Veszprm, 2000TOPL 1993 Topl J.: Roman Cemeteryof Aquincum, Pannonia. The WesternCemetery (Bcsi road) I. Aquincum Nost-rum I. Budapest, 1993

TOPL 2003 Topl J.: Roman Cemeteryof Aquincum, Pannonia. The WesternCemetery (Bcsi road) II. AquincumNostrum I.2. Budapest, 2003ZSIDI 2003 Zsidi P.: Die Frage der H-gelgrab- und Wagenbestattungen in Aqu-incum, Libelli Archaeologici Ser. Nov. No.1. Pannonica Provincialia et Archaeologia.Budapest, 2003, 5780.

in the northern part of the approximately3.63.6 m large pit dug down betweenrocks. The degree to which the wooden el-ements were charred and the intact condi-

tion of the horse remains suggest that thepyre had been smothered. The two horsesled by their bridles included a young 3.5year old individual and an older, 18 yearold mare (Kyra Lyublyanovics examinedthe horses and determined their age andsex. I thank her for her work.) were slaugh-tered on the spot and thrown into the pittogether with elements from the disman-tled cart. The two horses were still movingwhen they were thrown into the pit. Onehorse lay on its side while the other laypartly on her in a prostrate position.Some elements of the cart, like part of oneof the wheels remained stuck under thehorses. The observations made during theexcavation suggest that the four-wheeledcart was placed into the grave with only afew of its bronze ornaments. Due to the

high humidity of the soil, the iron ele-ments were strongly corroded and poorlypreserved so that their shapes could not bedetermined. After the restoration of theseitems the cart will be reconstructed andmore precisely dated (Fig. 7). The other chronological limit of the ac-tive period of the cemetery is set by theintact inhumation grave of a woman lyingat the foot of the hill. She had a simple,seemingly insignificant bronze ring on herfinger. This ring bore the inscription IHSand shows that the woman consideredherself a Christian. Krisztin Anderk, excavation techni-cian, helped me with the work during theexcavation.

Annamria R. Facsdy


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leten mr egy ksrmai temet lteslt.(MADARASSY 1999; MADARASSY2003, 105) Mr az 198991 feltrs sorn les tele-plsszerkezeti klnbsg mutatkozott a2. szzad elejn ltestett insula s az aztmegelz telepjelensgek kztt. A koraitelepls laza beptettsg, inkbb falu-sias jelleg. Kt nagyobb fldbe mlytettlakhzat trtunk fel, egy kisebb gazdasgipletet, nhny kisebb trolvermet, tkutat, valamint tbbszrsen megjtott,egymsba sott nagymret trolverme-ket. A ksbbi rmai planrozsok ezekneka korai lakhzaknak mind kls, mindbels szintjt mr megsemmistettk,csak a srga altalajba mlyed foltot, s

helyenknt a falak mentn kirajzold

the beginning of the AD 2ndcentury. Thesystem of later insula can be found inthis lot at the same time. The buildingsof the legionary fortress and those of theMilitary Town were renewed and mod-ernised in the AD 3rdcentury. The emptyterritories, including the central court-yard of the insula unearthed here laz in-creasingly within the Military Town. Theresidential district was abandoned whenthe Military Town ceased to exist at theend of the AD 3rdcentury. A late Romancemetery was established in the area inthe AD 4thcentury. (MADARASSY 1999;MADARASSY 2003, 105) A sharp discrepancy had alreadybecome clear during the excavationsin 1989 and 1991 in the settlement

structure of the insula established at the

1. kp: Az satsalaprajznak rszlete.Foltban a bektt s a2-3. szzadi plettmbk,kiemelve a kalapozs,agyag- s clpkonstrukcis

falszakaszokFig. 1: Detail of theexcavations summary plan.The connecting road, as wellas the 2ndand 3rdcenturyBlocks, are visible in thespot. The stone foundationwall as well as the wallsections with clay- and postconstruction are emphasized


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karlyukakat dokumentlhattuk. A d-lebbi lakhznl bels oszts nyomait,az szakinl esetleges megjts nyomtfigyelhettk meg. Az amfitetrumba veze-

t t alatt kerknyomos fldt rszleteittrtuk fel, valamint tbb, a kves tnlkorbbi vzelvezet rkot. A telket az 198991-es feltrs utnnem ptettk be, 1996-ban az satsirkokat visszatltttk s felszni parkoltalaktottak ki. Csak 2003-ban nylt lehet-sgnk a bepts eltt a korai jelensgekmegfigyelsre, valamint az amfitetrum-ba vezet bektt korbbi fzisainakfeltrsra. A terlet mikrodomborzativiszonyai, enyhe szakdli lejtse miattcsak az t dli oldaln stak nyitott, csa-padkelvezet vizesrkot. Kt, egymstkivlt rkot figyeltnk meg. A bekttnyugati feln a kves-sderes 2.-3. szza-di talapozs alatt egy korbbi sderestfelszn kerlt el. (3. kp) Ezt az utatszeglyezte a dlebbi vizesrok, az szaki

vizesrok pedig a fldthoz tartozhatott.

beginning of the AD 2ndcentury and theformer settlement features. The earliersettlement comprised loosely structuredrural features. Two large semi-subter-

ranean dwellings, a smaller economicout-building, a few smaller storage pits,five wells and large, repeatedly renovatedstorage pits dug into each other were un-earthed. Later Roman landscaping events de-stroyed both the exterior and interiorfloor levels of these early dwellings. Onlya pit sunk into the yellow virgin soiland sometimes the postholes along thewalls could be documented. Traces ofinterior partitioning could be observedin the southern house and traces of oc-casional renovation in the northern one.Segments of a dirt road with remainsof wheel ruts were uncovered under theroad leading to the amphitheatre, as wellas a few water channels which were earlierthan the paved road.

The lot was not built in after theexcavations in 198991, the excavationtrenches were refilled in 1996 and anabove ground parking garage was estab-lished. It was only in 2003 that we hadoccasion to observe the early features be-fore the construction and to unearth theearly phases of the approach road to theamphitheatre. Because of the micro-reliefconditions, a slight northsouth slope tothe territory, an open water channel wasdug to carry away the rain water onlyon the southern side of the road. Weobserved two ditches that replaced eachother. An earlier gravely road surfaceappeared under the stony-gravely roadfoundation of the AD 2nd-3rd centuriesin the western half of the approach road(Fig. 3). The southern water channel ran

along this road, while the northern water

2. kp: Agyagfal nyomaFig. 2: Traces of a clay wall


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A fldutat itt nem sikerlt megfigyelni,mivel ez nyugatkeleti irnyba lejtett, aksbbi pedig a limest szintemelke-dst kvetve keletnyugati irnyba,gy ezen a rszen a sderes t alapozsamlyebb, mint a fldt szintje. A 2003. vi satson a katonavros ki-

ptsrl szerezhettnk j informcikat.Az eddig ismert kalapozs pleteketmegelzte egy agyagperidus. Teht a 2.szzad els felben az agyagfalas hossz-hzakat ptettk t kbe. (2. kp) Az agyagfalas peridust clpkonstruk-cis pletsor elzte meg. A clplyukak-nak csak az aljt sikerlt helyenknt meg-figyelni, gy pletalaprajzot nem lehetbellk rekonstrulni. A clplyukakblkirajzold falszakaszok tjolsa ugyanmegegyezik a ksbbi, agyag- s kalapo-zsos falakkal, viszont a clpszerkezetfalak s az agyagfalak nem vltjk kiegymst, teht az pletek tmbje nemugyanott lehetett. A clpkonstrukcis peridust meg-elz, valsznleg az 1. szzad vgnltestett, falusias jelleg teleplsbl a

telek dli rszn hrom nagyobb mly-

channel may have belonged to the dirtroad. The dirt road was not visible in thisarea since it sloped away in a westeastdirection, while the later road followedthe path of the raised limes road andwhich sloped in an eastwest direction.Thus, the foundation of the gravely road

was deeper here than the level of the dirtroad. The 2003 excavation season furnishedinformation on the development of theMilitary Town. A clay period precededthe buildings with stone foundations un-covered to date. That is, the long houseswith clay walls were rebuilt in stone in thefirst half of the AD 2ndcentury (Fig. 2). The clay-walled period was precededby a row of post-structure buildings. Onlythe bases of the postholes could be ob-served at a few spots. These few data arenot sufficient to allow reconstruction ofthe ground plan. The orientation of thewall sections delineated by the postholeswas identical to that of the later clay wallsand the walls with stone foundations.However, the post-structure walls were

not replaced by clay walls, suggesting that

3. kp: Azamfitetrumbavezet bektt

trtegeiFig. 3: The layersof the connecting

road to theamphitheater


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tett verem kerlt el, kt gabonatrol,egy kisebb verem, valamint egy kt. Mivela terleten a 2. szzad elejtl a 3. szzadmsodik felig folyamatos az ptkezs, az

ezzel jr tereprendezsek kvetkeztbena korai objektumokhoz kthet zrt lelet-anyag nem kerlt el, a legkorbbi lelet-egyttesek is csak a 2. szzad els felrekeltezhetek. (4. kp) A telek szaknyugati feln a 19. szzadvgtl a 20. szzad elejig, a SpitzerGerzson kkfestmhelybl kiplPamutnyom Rt. textilfest kdjaitdokumentltuk. A textilmhely alatt aseklyebb alapozs jelensgek mr meg-semmisltek, gy itt csak a mlyebb rmaitrolvermeket figyelhettk meg. (5. kp)Elkerlt egy jabb fahords kt, melyblrmai famaradvnyt sikerlt kiemelni. Az 1991-ben feltrt fldbe mlytetthztl dlre kisebb gazdasgi plet ki-dlt agyagfalait s agyagtgls betltstdokumentltuk. Ezt a gazdasgi pletet

megelzte a terleten feltrt legkorbbiobjektum, egy szakkeletdlnyugatiirny ketts vizesrok alja, mely tjolsaalapjn nem ehhez a teleplsi fzishoz

the building blocks could not have occu-pied the same place. Three large storage pits, two cerealcontainers, a smaller pit and a well were

uncovered in the southern part of the lot.They belonged to the rural settlementwhich existed here before the post-struc-ture period settlement, probably estab-lished at the end of the AD 1stcentury.Since building activity was continuousin this area from the beginning of the

AD 2ndcentury until the second half ofthe 3rd century, the coeval landscapingactivities preceding the constructionsmeant we could not find closed find ma-terials associated with the early features.Even the earliest find assemblages couldbe dated only from the first half of the 2ndcentury (Fig. 4). In the northwest half of the lot, wecould document the textile dying vatsof the Pamutnyom Rt., which evolvedout of Gerzson Spitzers blue dye textile

workshop. The traces of shallower founda-tions had been destroyed under the tex-tile works, so that only the deeper Romanstorage pits were still preserved (Fig. 5).

4. kp: A koraiteleplstrolverme,clpkonstrukcisfalszakasz,kalapozs

falszakaszFig. 4: Storagepit from the earlysettlement. Wallsections withpost-constructionand stonefoundations


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tartozott, bessnak szintjt pedig aksbbi rmai tereprendezsek mr meg-semmistettk. (6. kp) A legkorbbi, 1. szzadi falusias jellegtelepls hzai s gazdasgi pletei tjo-lsban megegyeznek a ksbbi, 2. szzadeleji agyag- s 2.-3. szzadi kpletektjolsval. A lakhzak egyms kztitvolsga megfelel a ksbbi lakhzakszerinti telekosztsnak. A kalapozsoslakhzak viszont a katonavros vros-szerkezethez tartoztak, a limest mell

pltek. (1. kp)

We uncovered yet another barrel-linedwell, from which Roman wood remainscould be removed. Collapsed clay walls of a smaller eco-nomic out-building and its fill of claybricks could be documented south ofthe semi-subterranean house unearthedin 1991. This economic out-buildingwas preceded by the earliest feature un-earthed in the territory, the bottom ofa double water channel running to thenortheastsouthwest. Its orientation sug-

gests that it was not associated with this

5. kp: Korai telepls,egymst kivlt

trolvermekFig. 5: Early settlement,

superimposed storagepits

6. kp: A korai teleplsgazdasgi plete, s azazt megelz ketts rok

Fig. 6: Economicout-building from the

early settlement and thepreceeding double ditch


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Egyetlen eltr tjols objektum arelatve legkorbbi ketts vzelvezet rok,melyrl felttelezhet hogy a legitbors a katonavros kiptse eltt, a Kr. u.

73-ban ltestet auxiliaris tbor krliteleplshez, a vicus militarishoz tartoz-hatott.

Madarassy Orsolya


MADARASSY 1991 Madarassy O.: Rg-szeti Fzetek 1/43 (1991) 25. Nr. 47/15MADARASSY 1993 Madarassy O.: Rg-szeti Fzetek 1/45 (1993) 34. Nr. 49/5.MADARASSY 1999 Madarassy O.:Canabae legionis II Adiutricis. RomanFrontier Studies 17. Zalau, 1999MADARASSY 2003 Madarassy O.: DieCanabae Legionis. In: Forschungen in

Aquincum 19692002 (2003)

settlement phase although the level intowhich it was dug was obliterated by laterRoman landscaping (Fig. 6). The orientation of the houses and eco-

nomic out-buildings from the earliest,rural settlement from the AD 1stcenturyis identical to that of the clay buildingsfrom the beginning of the AD 2nd cen-tury and the stone buildings from the

AD 2nd and 3rd centuries. The distancebetween the dwellings was also identicalto the lot distribution of later residentialhouses. The residential houses with stonefoundations, however, were part of thetown structure of the Military Town andwere built along the limes road (Fig. 1). The only feature with a different ori-entation was the relatively oldest doubledrainage ditch. It probably belonged tothe vicus militaris, the settlement thatevolved around the auxiliary fort estab-lished in AD 73 before the constructionof the legionary fortress and the sur-

rounding Military Town.

Orsolya Madarassy


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Az bl nyugati partfalban a helytartipalota fplettl kiss dlkeletre elszr2000-ben (NMETH 2001) figyeltek megs mrtek fel sorosan elhelyezked mint-egy 120 clpt. Mr akkor felttelezhetvolt, hogy ezek a rmai kori helytartipalota elterben, a parti vdm, vagy akikt rszei lehettek.

2003-ban ideiglenes vzisplyt ltes-tettek a Hajgyri-blben, ehhez kapcso-ldva tbb alkalommal vgeztnk rgszetimegfigyelst s dokumentlst. prilisban

a Duna rendkvl alacsony vzllsnl,a szrazon lv partoldalban kerlt sor avzisplya ktltart oszlopainak helynmegfigyelsre Nmeth Margit s Kirchhof

Anita vezetsvel. (Lsd e ktet rvid je-lentst.) Ugyanekkor a vz alatti rszekenbvrrgszeti munkk is folytak Tth

J. Attila irnytsval. (KRDTTH2003) Szrprbaszeren sor kerlt dend-rokronolgiai mintk vtelre. A vizsglato-kat Grynaeus Andrs vgezte. Szeptemberelejn a Duna vzllsa rendkvl alacsonyvolt (136-74 centimteres vzszint Buda-pestnl 2003. szeptember 2. s 9. kztt).Ekkor H. Krd Katalin irnytsval meg-trtnt a clpk s a bvrok ltal pri-lisban vz alatt felmrt kobjektumok jrafelmrse, fotzsa. (HKK) 2003. prilis 79. kztt a Kulturlis

rksgvdelmi Hivatal elrsa alapjn

Rgszeti kutatsok aHajgyri-blben

(Budapest, III. ker., budai-sziget,Hajgyri-bl, Hrsz.: 23799)

Archaeological investigationsin the Hajgyri-cove

(Budapest III, buda Island,Hajgyri-cove, Ln: 23799)

Approximately 120 posts aligned in asinge row were first observed and surveyedin 2000 somewhat to the southeast ofthe proconsuls palace in the wall of theriverbank on the western side of the bay(NMETH 2001). Already at that time itwas assumed that they belonged to a river-side defensive structure or a harbor dockfrom the Roman period located in theforeground of the proconsuls palace. A temporary water ski course was estab-lished in the Dockyard Bay and we used

this occasion to survey and document thesite several times. In April, when the waterlevel of the Danube was extremely low, wewere able to make observations in the drybank where the rope for the water skiingcourse was tied to a post. Margit Nmethand Anita Kirchhof directed the survey(see the short report in this volume). Atthe same time, underwater archaeologicalsurvey was also carried out, directed by

Attila J. Tth (KRDTTH 2003).Random samples of wood from the postswere taken for dendrochronological analy-ses carried out by Andrs Grynaeus. Thewater level of the Danube was extremelylow at the beginning of September (136-74 cm at Budapest between September2 and 9, 2003). During this period, theposts and the stone features surveyed as

having been previously under water were


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szrazfldi s vzalatti kutatsra kerlt sor,amelynek az volt a clja, hogy az blbetervezett vzis plya ltestse eltt az

ottani rgszeti leletek helyzett feldert-sk. A szrazfldi kutats sorn megvizs-gltuk a tervezett vzisplya tartszerke-zetnek azokat az albbiakban felsoroltpontjait, amelyek a vzpartra esnek.

A) Az bl szaknyugati rszbenhelyezkedik el, az egykori Dunagnak a19. szzad 1. felben feltlttt terletn.

A feltrs sorn sem rgszeti objektum,sem pedig leletanyag nem kerlt el. B) Az bl szakkeleti rszben he-lyezkedik el, egszen magasan a partoldalfltt. A hely kissa sorn kizrlag a 19.szzadi fekete salakos rtegeket lehetettmegfigyelni. Leletanyag nem kerlt el. C) 1.: Az bl dlkeleti rszben he-lyezkedik el, a partoldalban. Tbb rtegjkori barns agyagos-homokos-sderos

feltltst figyeltnk meg. A fellet nye-

once more surveyed and photographed un-der Katalin H. Krds direction. (KHK) Above ground and underwater investi-

gations were carried out between April 7and 9 2003 on the order of the CulturalHeritage Protection Office with the aim ofsurveying the archaeological finds beforeestablishment of a water skiing course. During the course of the above groundinvestigations, we examined the areas inthe river bank where the future water ski-ing course was to be braced.

A) In the northwest part of the bay, inthe area of a former arm of the Danube,filled in the first half of the 19th century.Neither archaeological features nor findscame to light. B) In the northeast part of the bay highabove the bank. The excavation of the areayielded only black cindery layers from the19th century. No finds were recovered. C) 1: In the southeast part of the bay,

in the river bank. We observed layers of

A

1. kp: A kutatsokhelyszneFig. 1: Location of theexcavations

B

C1C2


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ssekor sem mutatkozott semmifle rg-szeti jelensg s leletanyag. C) 2.: Az bl dlkeleti rszben helyez-kedik el, a partoldal tetejn. Az elz

rtegsorhoz hasonl jkori feltlts jelent-kezett, mindennem jelensg vagy leletnlkl. A dlnyugati sarokpont kiemelsre sbebetonozsra szablytalanul, elzetesbejelents s rgszeti felgyelet megke-rlsvel kerlt sor. A feltrssal egyidben csatornaptsis folyt a mzeum ltal kutatott terletkzelben. Az rok metszetben sderesjrszint mutatkozott, taln egy szakd-li irny krlbell 3,54 mter szlesrmai ttal szmolhatunk az bl partjamentn. A kutatsok eredmnye alapjn az blnyugati partjn s a meder nyugati felbenrmai kori clprendszer hzdik, amelyaz ott lv helytarti palota eltti kiktrszt kpezhette. A lelhely 230 mter

hosszan s 20 mter szlessgben figyelhe-t meg a nyugati part mentn. A rgszetiobjektumok megjelensnek keleti hatra

2. kp: Clpk a Hajgyri-bl nyugati partjnFig. 2: Posts on the western bank of the Hajgyri-cove

modern, brownish, clayey-sandy-gravellyfill. No archaeological feature or finds ap-peared when the surface was scraped. C) 2: In the southeast part of the bay,

on top of the bank. A modern fill similarto the one described above was foundlacking features or finds. The southwest corner point was liftedand filled in with concrete without autho-rization, by-passing a preliminary reportto the museum and archaeological super-vision. In parallel to the excavation, a chan-nel was constructed near the area themuseum was investigating. A gravelly floorlevel could be seen in the section of thetrench so a 3.54 m wide Roman road canperhaps be expected running in a north-south direction along the bank of the bay. The results of the investigations tell usthat a post construction from the Romanperiod extends along the western bank ofthe bay and in the western part of the ba-

sin. This may have comprised part of theharbor in front of the proconsuls palace.The site stretches 230 m lengthwise along


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a szerelcsarnoktl 125 mterig nylik. Alegmagasabban megmaradt clp tetej-nek szintadata 98, 6 m Af. (NMKA) 2003. prilis 79. kztt vz alatti fel-dertst s felmrst vgeztnk. A munka

clja a tervezett vzisplya terletn akorbbi helyszni szemlken megfigyeltclpszerkezet ptmny kiterjedsneks jellegnek tisztzsa volt. A merlseksorn megllaptottuk, hogy a clpszerke-zet ptmny az bl nyugati partjhozkapcsoldik, a golfplya vonaltl szakraa hajgyr slyi elpuszttottk, az bldli oldaln pedig a beton tmfal vona-ltl kikotortk. A partra merlegesenhzd 15 mter hossz clpsorokatdokumentltuk, melyekben a clpsorokprosval (egymstl mintegy 2 mterre)helyezkedtek el, a prok kztt pedig 68mter volt a tvolsg. A clp-prok kztts krl nagy mennyisg mszk tmbtfigyeltnk meg. Kt szondt nyitottunka terlet dli rszn. Megfigyeltk, hogya clpsorokat vzszintesen lefektetett

gerenda kttte ssze, gy 22 mteres

3. kp: A clpks a kztk lvmszktmbk alacsonyvzllsnl (GryneusAndrs felvtele)Fig. 3: The posts and

between them the blocksof limestone as seenat low water (photo byAndrs Gryneus)

a 20 m wide strip on the bays westernbank. The eastern border of the archaeo-logical features extends 125 m from theassembly hall. The top of the post that waspreserved to the greatest height provided

a datum of 98.5 meters above the AtlanticOcean. (MNAK) Underwater prospecting and surveywere carried out between April 7 and 9,2003. The purpose was to clarify the ex-tent and character of the post-structureconstruction observed earlier in the areaof the future water skiing course. Wefound that the post-structure construc-tion is connected to the western wall ofthe bay. The dry docks of the moderndockyard destroyed it north of the golfcourse, while it was dredged on thesouthern side from the line of the con-crete retaining wall. The 15 m long postrows running perpendicular to the bankwere documented. The posts stood inpairs (about 2 meters from one another)and there were 6-8 meters between pairs.

Many limestone blocks were observed be-


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keszon-szer dobozokat hoztak ltre. Aclpk s a gerendk kztti terletetmszkvel tltttk fel. A lelhely mindenrszrl gyjtttnk fa mintt dendro-

kronolgiai elemzsre. Grynaeus Andrs atlgyfa clpket Kr. u. 126 krlre keltez-te. A clpszerkezet ptmny a helytar-ti palota rakpartja lehetett. Fontos mgmegjegyezni, hogy nhny helyen ltszott,hogy a clpsorok felteheten mg folyta-tdtak kelet fel, de felmrskhz a rjukrakdott iszapot el kellett volna tvoltani.(TJA)

H. Krd Katalin Tth Jnos Attila Nmeth Margit Kirchhof Anita


NMETH 2001 Nmeth M.: Budapest,III. ker., Hajgyr-sziget (Hrsz.: 18386/1).(Budapest III, Hajgyr-sziget) Aqfz 7

(2001) 141142.KRDTTH 2003 H. Krd K. Tth J. A.: Rmai kori rakpart marad-vnyai a Hajgyri-blben. (Rgszetirtkeink a Kulturlis rksgvdelmiHivatal kiadvnya) [Roman quay at theGovernors Palace of Aquincum, Budapest(Treasures of Archaeology in Hungary apublication of the National Office for theProtection of Cultural Heritage)] Buda-pest, 2003

tween and around the post pairs. Two testtrenches were opened in the southern partof the territory. We observed that horizon-tally laid timbers connected the post rows,

creating caisson-type coffers. The areabetween the posts and the timbers wasfilled in with limestone. Wood sampleswere taken from every part of the sitefor dendrochronological analyses. AndrsGrynaeus dated the oak posts from about

AD 126. The post-structure constructionmay have part of the landing wharf forthe proconsuls palace. It is important toadd that the post rows probably extendedfarther to the east, as could be observed incertain places. However, it will be neces-sary to remove the loam to survey themproperly. (AJT)

Katalin H. Krd Attila Jnos Tth Margit Nmeth Anita Kirhhof


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Az Alternatv Kzgazdasgi Gimnzi-um kiemelked fontossg, rgszetilegvdett terleten fekszik, a 2.-3. szzadiaquincumi legiotbor kzvetlen szakiszomszdsgban, kzel a canabaeban fel-trt gazdag, dszes lakhzakhoz. A telkenkismrv rgszeti feltrs folyt 1954-ben,Szilgyi Jnos s munkatrsai vezetsvel,amelynek sorn fldfa konstrukcijobjektumra utal jelensgek, kztk c-lplyukak kerltek el (publiklatlan, lsdBTM AqMz rajztra 597-606. ltsz.). Ezek

a terlet korai beptettsgre utalnak,feltehetleg katonai ltestmnyhez tar-tozhattak. Egy vizesrok metszete kerltel a Folyamr Bvr utca trsgben,amely korai katonai tborhoz kthet.

Topogrfiai kutats azaquincumi legitborszakkeleti elterben

(Budapest, III. ker., Raktr utca 1.,Hrsz.: 18439)

Topographic investigationsin the northeast foregroundof the legionary fortress of

Aquincum(Budapest III, 1 Raktr Street, Ln: 18439)

The Alternative Secondary School ofEconomics lies in an archaeologicallyprotected territory of outstanding impor-tance close to the AD 2nd-3rd century le-gionary fortress of Aquincum to the northand near the rich, decorated residentialblocks unearthed in the canabae. JnosSzilgyi and his colleagues conducteda small-scale excavation in the area in1954 uncovering features, includingpostholes, suggesting the presence hereof an earth-and-timber construction

(unpublished, see Budapest HistoricalMuseum Aquincum Museum drawingcollection, inv. no. 597-606). It evidencesan early occupation in the area and wasevidently part of a military establishment.

1. kp: Elplanrozottagyagtgls felletFig. 1: Levelled clay-brick surface


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(SZIRMAI 1990) A tbor megszntetsea 2. szzad elejn kvetkezhetett be, mikorannak helyre dszes pleteket emeltek.(SZIRMAI 1990; NMETH 1991, 92, 98;NMETH 2003, 87) A viszonylag jl ismert aquincumi 2.-3.szzadi legitbort megelz korai kato-nai tborokra vonatkoz ismeretek meg-

lehetsen hinyosak. Ezrt nem csak azaquincumi topogrfia, hanem Pannoniakorai trtnetnetnek kutatsa szmrais fontos az itt tallhat rgszeti jelens-gek feltrsa s rtelmezse.

A gimnzium a meglv plett jszrnnyal s aulval bvtette (a beruhzsmg folyamatban van), amelyek 3-4 mtermly sott clpalapozsa a rgszeti rte-geket rintette. A 2003 jniusnovemberfolyamn vgzett feltrs az sott clpkhelynek kutatsra szortkozott, vagyis amegsemmislsnek kitett helyek doku-mentlst vgeztk. A statikus tervezielrst kvetve a mindenkori kivitelezsitem megszabta helyi s idbeli keretekkztt dolgoztunk. Br az eredmnyek gy nem adnaksszefgg, teljes alaprajzot, de mgis t-

tekintst nyerhettnk a beptett terlet

The cross-section of a water channel wasfound in the area of Folyamr Bvrstreets, which can be linked with the earlymilitary fort (SZIRMAI 1990). The fortwas probably abandoned at the begin-ning of the AD 2ndcentury when ornatebuildings were constructed in its place(SZIRMAI 1990; NMETH 1991, 92, 98;

NMETH 2003, 87). Our knowledge of the early militaryforts preceding the construction of the

AD 2nd and 3rd century legionary fortressof Aquincum, which is relatively wellknown, are rather poor. Thus, the recoveryand interpretation of the archaeologicalfeatures in this territory are important,not only with respect to the topographyof Aquincum but also to research into theearly history of Pannonia.

The secondary school intended to adda new wing and an aula on to its mainbuilding (the development work has notyet come to an end), the post foundationof which reached a depth of 3-4 metrescross-cutting archaeological layers. Theexcavation conducted in June-November2003 was restricted to the places of the

posts, that is, the features that would be

2. kp: Az els ptsiperidus planrozsa,rajta in situ agyagtglkFig. 2: Levelling fromthe first building phasewith in situ clay-bricks


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egszre, ami segtheti a krnyken korb-ban feltrt jelensgek rtelmezst is.

A fbb topogrfiai eredmnyek 1. A terlet nyugati rszn, a Szent-endrei t mentn felpl szrny alatt alegals rtegekben kt ptsi peridustlehetett megfigyelni. Mindkettbenagyagtglkbl ptkeztek, majd a lebon-tott pleteket elplanroztk. (1-2. kp)

Az ltalunk kutatott terlet szaki v-gben ktperidus paliszdfal mutat-kozott. (3-4. kp) A kt ptkezs kztttbb ponton is rvzre utal homokrtegetdokumentltunk. Az pletek elplanro-zsa fltt vastag rmai kori feltltsmutatkozott, amelyen kfal, terrazzpadls kisebb kemenck, tzelhelyek marad-

vnyait lehetett szlelni. A legksbbi peri-

3. kp: Kiszedett falak a metszetben azptmny planrozsvalFig 3: Traces of removed walls together with theconstruction levelling in the profile

destroyed were documented. Followingthe specifications of the architecturaldesign, we worked within the chronologi-cal and spatial frames determined by the

current pace of construction. Although the results will not producea coherent, complex ground plan, we cangain an overall picture of the territory ofthe building as a whole, which can helpwith the interpretation of the featuresformerly unearthed in the region.

Main topographic results 1. Two periods of construction could beobserved in the lowermost layers under thearea o f the wing to be constructed alongSzentendrei Road in the western part ofthe territory. Clay bricks were used in bothperiods following which the demolishedbuildings were levelled (Figs. 1-2). A pali-sade wall of two periods was uncovered inthe eastern end of the investigated terri-tory (Figs. 3-4). Between the two construc-

tions we could document sand layers fromflooding at several places. A thick fill fromthe Roman period lay over the levelledbuildings, on top of which the remains of astone wall, a terrazzo floor and small ovensand kilns could be observed. The latestperiod was destroyed by the graves from acemetery from the 18th-19thcenturies.

2. In the former gymnasium of theschool in the eastern part of the samewing, the fragments of pavements,perhaps road layers, the levelling of theabove-mentioned clay brick period anda thick fill from the Roman period wereobserved. A corner pillar from a graveyardcould be associated to the latest Romanperiod. 3. Disturbed Roman brick graves and agrave constructed of stones could be ob-

served south and east of the above areas,


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A Kr. u. 2. szzad elejn feltehetleg ahelytarti szkhely idehelyezsekor - meg-szntettk a korai tbort s vicust. A2.-3. szzadi legitbor felplse utn ez

a terlet csak gyren lehetett beptve, te-kintettel a tbor kzelsgre dl fell, s ahelytartsg ltestsvel a canabae szakisvjban felplt fnyz lakhzakraszak fell. Ehhez a hosszabb idszakhozkthet nhny kfal, terrazzpadl ma-radvny s kemence, amelyek rszletesebbidrendi besorolsa a leletanyag feldolgo-zsa sorn lesz lehetsges. A Kr. u. 4. szzad els felben a ksr-mai erd megptsvel ezen a terletentemet lteslt, ahol a sroknl korbbisremlkek darabjait is felhasznltk. A munklatok meglehetsen elhzd-tak, a kivitelezsben mutatkoz nehzs-gek miatt. A mzeum ehhez az temhez,a bevezetben emltett statikai elrsokmiatt knytelen volt alkalmazkodni.

Nmeth Margit


NMETH 1991 Nmeth M.: Aquincum.Feltrsok az 19811988 kztti idszak-ban. (Erschlieungen in den Jahren 19811988.) BudRg 28 (1991) 91105.SZIRMAI 1900 Szirmai K.: Zur Chrono-logie der Auxiliarkastelle und des Legions-lagers des 2.-3. Jh. in Aquincum. In: Aktendes 14. Internationalen Limeskongresses1986. (Hrsg. Kandler, M. Vetters, H.)RLi 36/2, Wien, 1990, 683688.NMETH 2003 Nmeth M.: Die Mi-litranlagen von buda. In: Forschungenin Aquincum 19692002. (Red. P. Zsidi)

Aquincum Nostrum II.2. Budapest, 2003,

87.

ship was established. A few stone walls, theremains of the terrazzo floor and the ovencan be linked to this longer period. Thesecan be dated more exactly only after the

find material has been analysed. A cemetery was established in the firsthalf of the AD 4th century at the timeof the construction of the late Romanfort, where the remains of earlier funeralmonuments were also used. The investigations were rather protract-ed because of difficulties arising in theconstruction work. The museum had torespect this rate of progress because of thearchitectural specifications mentioned inthe introduction.

Margit Nmeth


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A Szentendrei t s a Bogdni t sar-kn lv benzinkt, illetve a Bogdniti buszplyaudvar kztti beptetlenrszen, az egykori HV megll, majdTZP telep terletn a BAUMAX cgmr korbban barkcsruhz ptsthatrozta el. Minthogy a szban forgterlet az aquaeductus s a canabaeszaki temetje kz es rszen fekszik,rgszeti szempontbl klnsen nagyrdekldsre tartott szmot. 1997-benszondz jelleg feltrs trtnt, (ZSIDI

1998, 6571) amelyet az ptsi terv meg-vltozsa, a lemezes hzalap mlyebbrehelyezse miatt 1999-ben s 2000-ben aleend ruhz csaknem teljes terletrekiterjeden megelz feltrs kvetett.(ZSIDI 2000, 6275; ZSIDI 2001,5967) (1. kp) A korbbi satsok kutatatlanul hagytakegy hozzvetleg 80 m hossz, s vltoz,1720 mter szles svot a Rdl-roktldlre s keletre, rszben a beruhz ptsiszndknak megingsa miatt, rszbenpedig azrt, mert az emltett terlet tel-jes egszben a hajdani HV megllhoztartoz jkori feltltsnek tnt. Hrom velteltvel a beruhz mgis az ptkezsmegkezdse mellett dnttt, ily mdon az

Aquincumi Mzeum szmra is lehetsgnylott a mg rintetlen sv tkutatsra,

amelyrl kzben kiderlt, hogy csak el-

The BAUMAX firm decided to constructa DIY store in the territory of the formerHV station, and later TZP site, in thevacant area between the petrol stationon the corner of Szentendrei Road andBogdni Road and the bus station on Bog-dni Road. As this area lies between theaquaeductus and the northern cemeteryof the canabae, it seemed to be especiallypromising from an archaeological aspect.In 1997, a test excavation was conductedin the territory (ZSIDI 1998, 6571). In

1999 and 2000, the excavations precedingthe construction encompassed nearly theentire territory of the future store becausechanges had been made in the construc-tion plans and the laminated house foun-dation would be sunk deeper than hadbeen planned previously (ZSIDI 2000,6275; ZSIDI 2001, 5967). (Fig. 1) The former excavations left unex-plored an approximately 80 m long anda, more-or-less, 1720 m wide zone southand east of the Rdl trench, because theconstruction intentions of the investorsvacilated and the territory seemed to bea modern fill connected with the formerHV station. After three years, the inves-tor decided to start the construction workafter all, so an opportunity for the Aquin-cum Museum to investigate the intact

zone presented itself. In the meantime,

Kora rmai vdm s ksavar kori telep kutatsa acanabae szaki elterben

(Budapest, III. ker., Filatorigt,Hrsz.: 19244)

Investigations of early Romandefence works and a Late Avarsettlement in the northern

outskirts of the canabae(B

Aquincumi Füzetek, 10. szám

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