Aquaculture nutrition and long-term sustainability of the sector Patrick Sorgeloos, Ghent...
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Brussels Development Briefing n.32
Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy?3rd July 2013
http://brusselsbriefings.net
Aquaculture nutrition and long-term sustainability of the sector.Patrick Sorgeloos, University of Ghent, Belgium
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Aquaculture nutrition and long-term sustainability of the sectorPatrick Sorgeloos, Ghent University, Belgium
Fish-farming: the new driver of the blue economy?Brussels Policy Briefing No 32 – July 3, 2013
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resulting in new concepts & products for a sustainable aquaculture
from an empiricial approachtowards
a knowledge-based bio-industry
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“Aquaculture is probably the fastest growing food-producing sector, and currently accounts for almost 50% of the world’s food fish and is perceived as having the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for aquatic food.”
“Given the projected population growth over the next two decades, it is estimated that by 2030 at least an additional 40 million tons/year of aquatic food will be required to maintain the current per caput consumption.”
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Courtesy Harache
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The fish meal / fish oil contradiction
Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS in aquaculture feeds
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EXTRACTIVE aquaculture
nutrient recycling
FED aquaculture
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FOOD aquaculture
Asia, esp. China - long history - large production - integrated farming
FOOD versus BUSINESS aquaculture
BUSINESS aquaculture
Recent developments (since 1960s)• Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc• successful new industry• monoculture
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FOOD aquaculture BUSINESS aquaculture
Asia, esp. China - long history - large production - integrated farming
Recent developments (since 1960s)• Japan, later Europe, America’s, etc• successful new industry• monoculture
FOOD versus BUSINESS aquaculture
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PANGASIUS CATFISH FARMING IN VIETNAM > 1,000,000 TONS/YEAR
Success stories in business aquaculture
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1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20050
100
200
300
400
500
600
17.5 31.2 41.5 60 80 100
172
232286
340380
500
Year
Annu
al y
ield
(10
3 to
n)
CHINESE MITTEN CRAB Eriocheir sinensis
annual production yields
Success stories in food aquaculture
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integration of culture of different trophic levels
MACROALGAE
MOLLUSCS
FINFISH
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8 km
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resulting in new concepts & products for a sustainable aquaculture
from an empiricial approachtowards
a knowledge-based bio-industry
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- Complete independence from natural stocks through DOMESTICATION- Improved / more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION- Better targeted SPECIES SELECTION- Development of more efficient stocks through SELECTIVE BREEDING - More MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production - Better understanding of IMMUNE SYSTEMS in vertebrates and invertebrates- More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming- COASTAL AND OFF-SHORE FARMS of food and energy- Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS in aquatic feeds - More attention for INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES management- SOCIETAL LEVERAGE:
- multi-stakeholder interaction- international cooperation on a win-win basis
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Microbes “run the world”
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70 % of all farmed fish are produced in ponds
What is the role of the microflora ?Recent documentation:30 % N contribution from bio flocs !
BIO FLOCS
more MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production
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Volume of bioflocs formed per day in differen C/N regimes
C/N 10 C/N 50
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molluscs
Artemia biomass
Biofloc consumers
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from Cunningham, “Knowledge Based Bio-Economy towards 2020”Brussels, September 14, 2010
Oceans70%
Crops5%
Pasture7%
Forest9%
Other9% (cities 1.5%)
Global resources
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Global primary production and food supplytotal bioproduction
contribution to food supply
terrestrial
marine
from Field et al. (1998) and Duarte et al. (2009)
plants & animals
fisheries & aquaculture
plants & animals
prot
eins
quan
tity
16 % of proteins2 % in quantity
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- full independence from fishmeal and fish oil is not the only priority -