AQA Geography

General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier Specimen Paper

Geography (Specification A) Unit 1: Physical Geography Date: Time

Time allowed

1 hour 30 minutes Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer three questions: one from Section A, one from Section B, and

one further question from either Section. • You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in

margins or on blank pages will not be marked. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to

be marked. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 75. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You will be marked on your ability to: �– use an appropriate form and style of writing �– organise relevant information clearly and coherently �– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

You will need no other materials. You may use a calculator.

• the insert (enclosed) • a ruler

You may use a calculator.

Centre Number Candidate Number

Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature

For Examiner�’s Use

Examiner�’s Initials

Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

TOTAL

40301/H

H

40301/H

GCSE Geography A / Specimen Assessment Material / Version 1.0 / For First Teaching

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SECTION A

Answer at least one question, but not more than two questions in this section. Use your case studies to support your answers where appropriate.

1 The Restless Earth Total for this question: 25 marks 1 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the earth�’s tectonic plates and the distribution of

volcanoes and supervolcanoes.

Figure 1

Map showing the earth�’s tectonic plates and the distribution of volcanoes and supervolcanoes - not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

1 (a) (i) How is the distribution of supervolcanoes different from that of volcanoes?

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(2 marks)


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1 (a) (ii) Explain why volcanoes are found at destructive plate boundaries. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(3 marks)

1 (a) (iii) Describe the ways in which a supervolcano is different from a volcano. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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1 (b) Study Figure 2 which shows information about frequency and magnitude of earthquakes between 2000 and 2007.

Figure 2

Magnitude

(Richter scale)Frequency

8.0 �– 8.9 12 7.0 �– 7.9 103 6.0 �– 6.9 1033 5.0 �– 5.9 11694 4.0 �– 4.9 82762 3.0 �– 3.9 62013 2.0 �– 2.9 40491 1.0 �– 1.9 7039 0.0 �– 0.9 32082

1 (b) (i) Describe the relationship between the magnitude of earthquakes and their

frequency. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)


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1 (b) (ii) Describe a method, other than the Richter Scale, of measuring earthquakes. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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1 (c) Using case studies of earthquakes in rich and poor parts of the world, compare and describe the immediate responses. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................

(8 marks)

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2 Rocks, Resources and Scenery Total for this question: 25 marks 2 (a) Study Figure 3, on the insert, which shows the distribution of three different types

of rock. Give two facts about the distribution of the different rock types in the UK. Fact 1 ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................... Fact 2 ........................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)



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2 (b) Study Figure 4 which shows �‘the rock cycle�’.

Figure 4

Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Geoactive Online Series 18 (2006-2007).

2 (b) (i) Describe the formation of igneous rock.

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(3 marks)


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2 (b) (ii) Using Figure 4, explain why weathering and erosion are important in the rock cycle. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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2 (c) Figure 5, on the insert shows Haytor, Dartmoor. Figure 6 is a black and white photocopy of Figure 5.

2 (c) (i) Label Figure 6 to show the characteristics of the tor and surrounding

landscape.

Figure 6

(4 marks)

2 (c) (ii) Explain the formation of granite tors. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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2 (d) Using a case study of the scenery of a rock type you have studied, describe a variety of advantages and disadvantages resulting from tourism. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................

(8 marks)

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3 Challenge of Weather and Climate Total for this question: 25 marks 3 (a) Study Figure 7 which shows climate graphs for three cities in the United

Kingdom.

Figure 7


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3 (a) (i) Describe the climate of York. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(3 marks)

3 (a) (ii) Explain why the climate of Aberystwyth is different to that of Edinburgh. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................

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3 (b) Figure 8, on the insert, is a newspaper extract describing floods in Sheffield in June 2007.

3 (b) (i) Give two pieces of evidence that suggest Sheffield experienced extreme

weather conditions before the flood. 1 ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

3 (b) (ii) Describe the different ways in which people�’s lives were affected by the extreme weather in Sheffield in June 2007. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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3 (c) Figure 9, on the insert, is a satellite image of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Figure 10 is a black and white photocopy of Figure 9.

Figure 10

3 (c) (i) Label Figure 10 to show the characteristics of Hurricane Katrina.

(4 marks)



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3 (c) (ii) Using case studies of hurricanes in rich and poor parts of the world, describe the contrasting economic and social effects. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(8 marks)

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4 Living World Total for this question: 25 marks 4 (a) Study Figure 11 which shows a hedgerow, an example of a small-scale

ecosystem.

Figure 11 4 (a) (i) Describe the links between different parts of a small-scale ecosystem, such

as a hedgerow. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(3 marks)


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4 (a) (ii) Describe one way in which the balance within the ecosystem may be upset. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

4 (b) (i) Describe the structure of the tropical rainforest vegetation. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)


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4 (b) (ii) Use Figures 12a and 12b, on the insert, to illustrate how the vegetation of the tropical rainforest has adapted to its environment. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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4 (c) (i) Describe the effects of deforestation on the environment.

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(4 marks)


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4 (c) (ii) Describe how, and explain why, ecotourism can lead to sustainable development in a tropical rainforest. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(8 marks)

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SECTION B

Answer at least one question, but not more than two questions in this section. Use your case studies to support your answers where appropriate.

5 Water on the Land Total for this question: 25 marks 5 (a) Study Figure 13, on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of

Boscastle.

5 (a) (i) A �‘waterfall�’ is found at Y. Give the map evidence for this landform, apart from the label. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

5 (a) (ii) Grid squares 1290 and 1291 are outlined on Figure 13. Describe the valley of the River Valency in these grid squares. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)


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5 (b) Describe and explain the formation of ox-bow lakes.

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(6 marks)

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5 (c) Study Figure 13, the Ordnance Survey map extract of Boscastle. 5 (c) (i) Boscastle experienced a flash flood on 16 August 2004. Using Figure 13,

describe how each of the following contributed to the flooding. The tributary joining the River Valency at grid reference (099913). .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

The settlement of Boscastle in grid square 0990. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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5 (c) (ii) Study Figure 14 on the insert, which shows part of Boscastle on 17 August 2004. Figure 15 is a black and white photocopy of Figure 14. Label Figure 15 to describe the different effects of flooding on Boscastle.

(3 marks)

Figure 15



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5 (d) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of �‘soft engineering�’ as a means of controlling flooding. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................

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(8 marks)

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6 Ice on the Land Total for this question: 25 marks 6 (a) Study Figure 16 on the insert, a 1:25 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of

Helvellyn, Lake District. 6 (a) (i) Helvellyn is found at X on Figure 16. Give the 6-figure grid reference for

Helvellyn. ..........................................................................................................................

(1 mark)

6 (a) (ii) State the distance along the footpath from Glenridding Youth Hostel (366174) to Red Tarn (350154). ............................................... km

(1 mark)

6 (a) (iii) Grid square 3415 is outlined on Figure 16. Describe the glacial landforms found in grid square 3415. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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6 (b) (i) Figure 17 on the insert, is a photograph of a glacial trough. Figure 18 is a black and white photocopy of Figure 17. Label Figure 18 to show the characteristics of the landform.

(3 marks)

Figure 18

6 (b) (ii) Explain the formation of a glacial trough.

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(6 marks)

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6 (c) Study Figure 19 on the insert, a photograph of the Athabasca glacier in Banff

National Park in Canada. 6 (c) (i) Glaciers advance and retreat. State whether the Athabasca is currently

advancing or retreating and give evidence from Figure 19 to support your decision. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)



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6 (c) (ii) Using a case study of an area that is covered by snow and ice, explain issues resulting from tourism. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

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(8 marks)

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7 The Coastal Zone Total for this question: 25 marks 7 (a) Contrast the process of freeze thaw weathering with chemical weathering.

................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................

(3 marks)

7 (b) (i) Study Figure 20, on the insert, which shows the coastal zone at Flamborough, North Yorkshire. Using Figure 20, draw a labelled sketch in the box below to show the landforms and characteristics of this coast.

(4 marks)


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7 (b) (ii) Mass movement is common in the area shown in Figure 20. What role does mass movement have on coasts such as that in Figure 20? .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

7 (c) Study Figure 21, on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of Mappleton on the Holderness coast in Yorkshire.

7 (c) (i) Grid squares 2243 and 2244 are outlined on Figure 21. Describe the

physical features of the coastline in these grid squares. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks) 7 (c) (ii) Describe the effects of continued coastal erosion on the settlement and

residents of Mappleton. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(4 marks)


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7 (c) (iii) Suggest how the coastline at Mappleton might be managed to reduce the

rate of erosion. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

(2 marks)



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7 (d) For a coastal environment that you have studied, describe the ways in which it is managed to ensure it is conserved, but used sustainably. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................

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(8 marks)

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There are no questions printed on this page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Question 1 Figure 2 United States Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program. Question 2 Figure 3 Collins Longman Student Atlas (New Edition), Pearson Education Ltd. Question 2 Figure 5 www.strattons-cottage.co.uk Figure 6 www.strattons-cottage.co.uk Question 3 Figure 7 www.bbc.co.uk Question 3 Figure 8 The Star, Sheffield, June 2007 Question 3 Figure 9 NOAA Satellite and Information Service, USA. Figure 10 NOAA Satellite and Information Service, USA. Question 4 Figure 12a Rhett A. Butler / mongabay.com Question 4 Figure 12b www.photolibrary.uk.com Question 5 Figure 13 Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright (2008).

All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 41328. Question 5 Figure 14 www.bbc.co.uk Figure 15 www.bbc.co.uk Question 6 Figure 16 Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright (2008).

All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 41328. Question 6 Figure 19 NASA. Question 7 Figure 21 Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright (2008).

All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 41328. Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

General Certificate of Secondary Education Specimen Paper

Geography (Specification A) Paper 1/F & 1/H

Insert For use with Question 2

Figure 3

GCSE Geography B / Specimen Assessment Material / Version 1.0 / For First Teaching 2009

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OS map extract of Mappleton, Yorkshire from Ordnance Survey Landranger Map 107 (1:50 000)�– not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Copyright 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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