APUSH Review: Key Concept 4.3

Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 4.3 To Succeed In APUSH

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Period 4: 1800 – 1848

The New Curriculum

Key Concept 4.3 “US interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding its national borders, and isolating itself from European conflicts shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.”◦Page 42 of the Curriculum Framework

Big ideas: ◦How did the US increase its control of North

America?◦How did both the North and South oppose the

power of the federal government?◦How was slavery seen as a divisive issue during

this time?

Key Concept 4.3 I “Struggling to create an independent global presence, US policymakers sought to dominate

the North American continent and to promote its foreign trade.” – pg 42 of the curriculum framework

After the Louisiana Purchase, the US began to expand trade and contact beyond its borders:◦Oregon border: US and Canada eventually settled on

the 49th parallel ◦Annexing Texas: After Texas declared independence,

the US added Texas in 1845 (debates over slavery)◦Trading with China: Treaty of Wanghia (1844) improved

trading rights for US in ChinaUS sought to dominate North America through

military, judicial actions, and diplomatic efforts:◦Monroe Doctrine: Warned Europe to stay out of Latin

America, in return US would stay out of European affairs◦Webster-Ashburton Treaty: helped resolve the

Maine/Canada boundary dispute (Aroostook War)

Key Concept 4.3 II “Various American groups and individuals initiated, championed, and/or resisted the expansion of territory and/or

government powers.” – pg 42 of the curriculum framework

Debates raised over expansion and incorporation of new territories◦ Slave vs. non-slave areas (Missouri Compromise – desire to

balance the number of slave and free states) Northern and Southern States resisted the authority of the federal

government◦ Hartford Convention: New England reaction to the War of 1812

and embargoes against Britain (Federalists)◦ Nullification Crisis: Southern reaction to high tariffs (South

Carolina Exposition and Protest) Those living on the frontier advocated expansion

◦ Warhawks during War of 1812 – Henry Clay◦ After War of 1812, Natives on the frontier were less of a threat -

> pushed further west Native American conflicts and federal efforts to control Natives

◦ Indian Removal Act – supported by Southerners, pushed Natives west of the Mississippi River Trail of Tears (1837) – forced removal west of Mississippi

◦ Seminole Wars – series of wars with Natives in Florida

Key Concept 4.3 III “The American acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to a contest over the extension

of slavery into the western territories as well as a series of attempts at national compromise.” – pg 43 of the curriculum framework

Missouri Compromise had short term success, but eventually broke down◦3 parts – ME = free, MO = slave, 36º30’◦Thomas Jefferson warned of the effects◦MO Compromise was later overturned by KS-NB Act -

> “Bleeding Kansas”Slavery expanded to the Southwest ->

increased tensions and debates over national goals, priorities, and strategies

Source: Thomas Jefferson to John Randolph, April 22, 1820

[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper.

Test TipsMultiple-Choice and Short Answer

Questions:◦States vs. federal government tensions ◦US increasing its power in North America◦Expansion and Native Americans◦Missouri Compromise

Essay Questions:◦Ways that regions resisted the power of the federal

government◦ Impacts of expansion (politically, socially, economically)

on America and various groups (Natives)◦Missouri Compromise (as part of other compromises

leading to Civil War)Good luck in May!

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