APUSH Content Review #6
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Transcript of APUSH Content Review #6
APUSH Content Review #6
12. WW2, Cold War, & 1950s
13. JFK-Nixon (1960-1974)
14. Ford-Reagan (1974-1988)
Cold War & 1950s Review
Which was NOT an example of Containment under Harry Truman?
1. Marshall Plan 2. Suez Crisis 3. NSC-68 4. Berlin Airlift
Harry Truman aided the cause of civil rights by
1. denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential election
2. desegregating the armed forces3. integrating the public schools4. integrating restaurants, movie
theaters, and interstate travel
Eisenhower & Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, used the Cold War strategy of
1. flexible response 2. Strategic Defense Initiative3. zero option policy4. massive retaliation
Critics of McCarthyism in the 1950s stressed the idea that
1. the government should always be on guard against Communism
2. fears of Communism can lead to the erosion of constitutional liberties
3. loyalty oaths can prevent espionage4. the House Un-American Activities
Committee should demand loyalty oaths from government officials
President Eisenhower was associated with each of the following EXCEPT
1. ending almost all of FDR’s New Deal programs of the 1930s
2. construction of the interstate highway system
3. forcing school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas
4. warning against the influence of the military-industrial complex
The Soviet Union's launching of Sputnik in 1957 immediately led to
1. massive federal aid to American higher education
2. the Suez Crisis3. ending the Korean War by signing
an armistice4. the U-2 Incident
The 1956 Montgomery bus boycott1. started with sit-ins after Martin
Luther King’s March on Washington 2. led to the creation of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference3. lasted for three weeks and failed to
achieve its goal4. resulted from the assassination of
Martin Luther King, Jr
All of the following factors helped the growth of suburbs EXCEPT
1. low-cost gov’t loans for housing 2. expanded road and highway
construction3. laws outlawing racial segregation in
the suburbs 4. increased automobile production
The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best reflected with
1. Jack Kerouac's On the Road2. F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of
Paradise3. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman4. J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring 1. argued that the use of pesticides were
dangerous to the environment 2. criticized the boring lives of American
suburban housewives3. criticized American materialism and
consumer spending4. described the lack of political activism
of most Americans during the 1950s
Cold War DivisionsAt Yalta, Stalin agreed to allow self-determination in Eastern Europe
By Potsdam, Stalin had extended his control over Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone
between the USSR & its future enemies
Foreign Policy: Containment
Marshall Plan
Truman DoctrineNorth Atlantic
Treaty Organization
Domestic Policy: Gov’t Changes
NSC-68
CIADept of Defense
& Nuclear Weapons Truman: Berlin Airlift,
China, & Korea Truman: Red Scare
& McCarthyismEisenhower:
Massive Retaliation, Sputnik, Vietnam
Eisenhower: NASA, Suburbs,
Interstate Highways
America in the 1950s
■$64,000 Question■21 Questions■Bonanza■The Untouchables ■I Love Lucy■1950s TV networks
Kennedy-Nixon (1960-1974)
Review
During the Kennedy-Khrushchev era, the U.S. & USSR came close to war over Cuba
and?1. Vietnam 2. Berlin3. China4. the Middle East
Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps can be most accurately
called an added dimension of
1. the Truman Doctrine 2. Wilson’s League of Nations 3. Franklin Roosevelt' Lend-Lease Act4. Franklin Roosevelt' Good Neighbor
policy
Until 1964, civil rights leaders used all of the following tactics to end discrimination
EXCEPT1. "sit-ins" at public lunch counters.2. March on Washington 3. extensive violence by blacks4. "freedom riders" on public buses
Kennedy decided to remove Diem from the presidency of South Vietnam when Diem
1. massacred a large number of Viet Cong
2. attacked the country's Buddhists3. refused to allow U.S. soldiers to
engage in combat4. had his own brother shot for treason
The centerpiece of Lyndon Johnson's “war on poverty” was the
1. Department of Family Services, with an emphasis on social work
2. Head Start program, with an emphasis on pre-school
3. Office of Economic Opportunity, with an emphasis on job training
4. Agency for Economic Advancement, with an emphasis on minority hiring
Lyndon Johnson received authorization for the use of force in Vietnam through the
1. Truman Doctrine2. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution3. Tet Offensive4. War Powers Act of 1973
Both the New Frontier and Great Society shared the idea that
1. foreign trade should be cut to a minimum
2. the federal gov’t should meet the needs of the less fortunate
3. taxes should be raised to stimulate consumer spending
4. key industries should be nationalized
The use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the
1. 24th Amendment 2. Civil Rights Act of 1964 3. Voting Rights Act of 1965 4. War on Poverty
In both the Korean War and Vietnam War1. the U.S. was locked in a stalemate
with the Communist forces2. United Nations sanctioned the U. S.
efforts to stop Communism3. U.S. fought for years without a
Congressional declaration of war4. lack of U. S. success led to a large
anti-war movement at home
Of the 5 major civil rights acts passed during the period 1957-1968, the Voting Rights Act
of 1965 is the most far-reaching because:1. prior to 1965, there was no legal
guarantee of the right to vote for blacks2. voting rights would put an end to riots
and racial violence3. voting is a means whereby other basic
rights could be secured4. Malcolm X was a strong advocate of
the Voting Rights Act of 1965
In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court declared that
1. police had to advise a suspect of his constitutional right to remain silent
2. affirmative action quota systems are unconstitutional
3. all people accused of crimes have a right to an attorney
4. racially segregated schools are inherently unequal
The counter-culture of the 1960s promoted all of the following EXCEPT
1. free love and a sexual revolution 2. attacking the war in Vietnam 3. a new emphasis on religion4. the questioning of government and
university policies
The invasion of Cambodia by U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in 1970:
1. resulted in a crushing defeat of the U. S. forces
2. revived the antiwar and led to large demonstrations
3. was the last major encounter of the war involving U. S. troops
4. led to Chinese intervention on the side of the North Vietnamese
All of the following occurred during the presidency of Richard Nixon EXCEPT
1. the Watergate break-in and consequent Congressional hearings
2. diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
3. an attempt to end the Arab-Israeli conflict through "Shuttle Diplomacy“
4. the end of Carter’s Vietnamization policy
Which is generally regarded as THE major success of the Nixon administration?
1. the Watergate scandal 2. War Powers Act of 19733. the SALT I Agreement4. détente with the USSR and China
The 1971 Supreme Court decision the New York Times Company v. U.S. (Pentagon
Papers case) is important because:1. it forced Nixon to end his “enemies list”2. the 1st Amendment protected the
publication even if it threatened national security
3. It forced Nixon to resign as president4. it revealed that the Watergate break-in
was more involved than previously thought
The Cold War: 1948-1975Cold War under Kennedy & Johnson: 1961-1968Gulf of Tonkin Resolution & Tet Offensive
Civil RightsBrown v BOE overturned Plessy v Ferguson
Central H.S. in Little Rock, ArkansasMLK: Montgomery Bus Boycott,
SCLC, March on WashingtonViolence in Birmingham led to
the Civil Rights Act of 1964Violence in Selma led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Black Power: SNCC & Black Panthers
Drugs
Sex
Rock ‘n’ Roll
Is this the nation’s youth??
Mostly children from upper-middle
class families
No work ethic?
1968
Tet Offensive & the height of Vietnam War
Democratic National Convention
Assassinations of Martin Luther King & Robert Kennedy
Harry Truman
1945-1953Dwight Eisenhower
1953-1961John F. Kennedy
1961-1963Lyndon Johnson
1963-1969Richard Nixon
1969-1974
Cold War Philosophy? Containment Brinksmanship/
Massive Retaliation Flexible Response JFK-Style Flexible Response Détente
3 Most Important Foreign Policy
Decisions?
Potsdam Conference 1st atomic bomb Creation on
Containment:o Truman Doctrineo Marshall Plano NATO
Berlin Blockade./Airlift
Loss of China Korean War begins NSC-68
Ended Korean War New look: nuclear
missiles Sputnik & space race Eisenhower Doctrine
in the Middle East CIA-sponsored coups
in Iran & Guatemala Proposed nuclear
disarmament Supported France in
Vietnam
Hoped to gain first-strike capability; expansion of nuclear weapons
Peace Corps Space race to the
moon Berlin Wall Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Assassination of
Diem
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Commitment of troops to Vietnam
Tet Offensive CIA-sponsored coups
in Latin America
Vietnamization & “peace with honor” in Vietnam in 1973
“Knockout blow” in Vietnam: Laos & Cambodia
Recognition of China SALT with USSR End to Yom Kippur
War in Middle East CIA covert ops
Term for their Domestic Agenda? Fair Deal Modern Republicanism New Frontier Great Society Reducing the size of the
national gov’t
3 Most Important Domestic Policy
Decisions?
Reorganization of Gov’to CIA o Dept of Defenseo National Security
Council Integration of military Failed attempt to
made the New Deal more equitable
Created FHA and the Dept of Health, Education, & Welfare
Interstate Highway Ended McCarthyism Creation of NASA National Defense in
Education Act Warned of Military-
Industrial Complex Central High in Little
Rock
Tax cut in 1963 Bolstered Civil Rights
Committee, Dept of Justice
Laid foundation for Civil Rights Act of 1964
Expansion of NASA
War on Poverty: Job Corps, Office of Economic Opportunity
Medicare & Medicaid Improved funding for
schools Civil Rights
o24th AmendmentoCivil Rights ActoVoting Rights Act
Shifted responsibility for social programs from to state gov’ts
Named 4 conservative S.C. justices
EPA & OCHA Ended gold standard 90-day freeze on
wages & prices Watergate scandal
Identify 2 significant social aspects of this era
Red Scare (McCarthyism)
Baby Boom
Civil Rights, Brown v BOE
Suburbs & consumerism
Rock n roll & youth culture
Nonviolent protest of Civil Rights
Counter-culture & student protest
Feminist movement
• Largest student protest: Kent State & Jackson State
• Rise of the Sunbelt • Public distrust of the
government
Ford—Reagan(1974-1988)
Review
The Ford administration was different from any other in history because
1. the vice president was also the Attorney General
2. Ford made no appointments to the Supreme Court
3. neither the president nor the vice president had been elected to office
4. Congress asserted power in the field of foreign policy
Which was NOT a major issue under Jimmy Carter?:
1. Iranian hostage crisis2. inflation 3. pardoning Nixon for Watergate 4. the Camp David Accords
The first candidate to nominate a woman (Geraldine Ferraro) as his vice-presidential
running mate was 1. Carter in 1976 2. Reagan in 19803. Mondale in 19844. Dukakis in 1988
In his first year in office, President Reagan tackled the issue of inflation by
1. establishing a Dept of Energy2. encouraging Congress to pass a
new tax law reducing income taxes3. repealing the minimum wage law4. increasing military spending to an
effort to win the Cold War
Reagan faced his gravest foreign policy challenge over his illegal support for:
1. Nicaraguan Contras 2. the Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran 3. the Strategic Defense Initiative 4. the MX missile system
The conservative movement by 1980 was supported by all of the following EXCEPT1. the Moral Majority2. opponents of affirmative action3. advocates of women’s abortion rights4. supporters of supply-side economics
The INF Treaty negotiated by Reagan and Gorbachev
1. ended the Cold War by forcing the USSR into economic collapse
2. eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles
3. doubled the amount of wheat sold annually to the Soviet Union
4. heightened the Cold War between the two superpowers
Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George Bush
Years in office & elections
1974-1977(never elected)
1977-1981(1976)
1981-1989(1980, 1984)
1989-1993(1988)
Political Party? Republican Democrat Republican Republican
Foreign Policy Philosophy?
Continue Nixon-era détente with USSR
Commitment to Human Rights
Restoring America’s supremacy in the world “A New World Order”
3 Most Important
Foreign Policy Decisions?
Failed to handle the OPEC crisis, 1974
Panama Canal Treaty Camp David Accords,
1979 Failure of SALT II USSR Afghanistan
invasion led to boycott of Olympics & embargo of USSR
Iranian hostage crisis
Hostages returned Marines to Beirut Troops to Grenada Troops to Nicaragua Iran-Contra Affair “Star Wars” (SDI) Negotiations with
Gorbachev ended the Cold War
End of Berlin Wall & reunification of Germany
Collapse of USSR Invasion of Panama Persian Gulf War North Atlantic Free
Trade Agreement
Domestic Policy
Philosophy?
Heal the nation after Watergate No clear domestic agenda Neo-Conservativism “Kindler, gentler nation”
3 Most Important Domestic
Policy Decisions?
Pardoned Nixon Failed to end stagflation Revealed CIA overt
operations Vetoed 39 bills
Dept of Energy Dept of Education Deregulated airlines Failed to end stagflation “National malaise”
speech
Reduced gov’t restrictions on business
PATCO strike O'Connor to the SC "Supply-side economics" Huge gov’t deficits Drug war AIDS epidemic
Savings & loan scandal “No new taxes”
2 significant social aspects
of this era
• “Me Generation” • Third Wave of Immigration• Moral Majority• Movement from Rustbelt to Sunbelt
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