2019 AP US History Unit TestWorld War Two and the Early Cold War

Questions 1-3 relate to the image to the right1. The image to the right most related to which of the following?

a. Women in wartime factoriesb. Women serving in the U.S. armyc. Advising women to fight the war from their

homes and kitchens.d. Women signing up for Selective Service

2. While the role of women in World War II was important what lasting effect did it have in the post-war years?

a. Women gained the right to hold political offices at the National Levelb. Women gained the right to votec. Women gained equal pay to men in all industries.d. There were few lasting effects in the post war period.

3. What was the primary role played by women during World War Two?a. They served as pilots ferry planes from factories to front line areas.b. They entertained troops with USO shows across Europe and the Pacificc. The served as support staff in the Army and Navyd. Women played little role at all as the war last such a short time.

Questions 4-6 Relate to the Passage Below"Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."

-FDR speech March 11, 1941-

4. The "neighbor" referenced in this speech was most likelya. Britain b. Canada c. France d. Mexico

5. The speech above would have most likely referred to which legislation?a. The Atlantic Charter b. The Lend-Lease Actc. The First Neutrality Act d. The Second Neutrality Act

6. The speech above would NOT have been supported by a. Secretary of War Henry Stimson b. Charles Lindberghc. Secretary of State Cordell Hull d. Winston Churchill

Questions 7-9 Relates to the passage below"The "moral embargoes" of 1938 and 1939, referred to previously, brought about the cessation of the export to Japan of airplanes, aeronautic equipment, and certain other materials. As the rearmament program in the United States gained momentum and required more and more available strategic materials, this Government gradually adopted measures, legislative and administrative, which resulted in a steady decline of export to Japan of such materials. The Export Control Act of July 2, 1940 authorized the President, in the interest of national defense, to prohibit or curtail the export of basic war materials. Under that act, licenses were refused for the export to Japan of aviation gasoline and most types of machine tools, beginning in August 1940. After it was announced in September that the export of iron and steel scrap would be prohibited, Japanese Ambassador Horinouchi protested to Secretary Hull on October

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8, 1940 that this might be considered an "unfriendly act". The Secretary told the Ambassador that it was really "amazing" for the Japanese Government, which had been violating in the most aggravating manner American rights and interests throughout most of China, to question the fullest right of this Government to impose such an embargo. To go further and call it an "unfriendly act", the Secretary said, was still more amazing in the light of Japan's conduct in disregarding all law, treaty obligations, and other rights and privileges and the safety of Americans, while proceeding to an ever-increasing extent to seize territory by force.' U.S., Department of State, Publication 1983, Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931-1941

7. All of the following would have been considered examples of growing Japanese-American tensions except?a. The resolution of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905b. The Japanese exit from the League of Nations 1931c. The failure of the Gentlemen's agreement 1907d. The results of the Washington Naval Conference

8. What issue showed that U.S. Japanese relations had taken a deadly new direction?a. The establishment of Manchukuo in northern Chinab. Japanese attacks on Dutch possessions in Indonesiac. The Panay Incident in Chinad. Japanese signing the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Pact

9. Japanese aggression and empire building in the Far East was first illustrated by which event?a. The Invasion of Manchuria b. The Invasion of Koreac. The seizure of Hong Kong d. The Invasion of the Philippines

Questions 10- 12 Relate to the passage below"It has been said times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel, he cannot cross 3,000 miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not crossed the Channel. That is because 45 million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into an armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull said, it is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determined British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle-rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward."

-NY Times, April 30, 1941

10. Which of the following would the author(s) of this excerpt most likely support?a. Aiding the Soviet Union in case Britain fellb. Extending the Good Neighbor Policy to Britainc. Prohibiting trade and travel on ships of belligerent nationsd. Passing the Lend-Lease Act

11. At the time of the excerpt was published, which of the following was the most pressing problem faced by Britain?

a. The attacks of the supply line by German submarinesb. The bombing of British citiesc. The threat of invasion by Germanyd. The loss of Hong Kong to Japanese forces

12. Who of the following would most likely support the sentiments found in this excerpta. Colonial Charles A. Lindbergh b. Colonial Robert McCormickc. Senator Gerald Nye d. President Franklin Roosevelt

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Questions 13- 15 Relates to the Image Below

13. Which of the following groups would most likely support the perspective of this cartoon?

a. The American Federation of Labor b. The America First Committeec. The Pan-American Committee d. The Roosevelt Administration

14. Which of the following most directly contributedto the perspective:

a. The Nye Committee b. The Quarantine Speechc. The Stimson Doctrine d. The Atlantic Charter

15. Which of the following Americans was a famous spokesperson for the cartoon's perspective?a. Thomas Dewey b. Herbert Hoover c. Charles Lindbergh d. Wendell Willkie

Question 16- 17 Relates to the Question Below16. What was the context of the case Korematsu v. United States (1944)?

a. Whether or not it constitutional for to force a person to be drafted despite their religious beliefs.b. Whether or not financial compensation was due to Japanese-Americans forced in internment camps.c. Whether or not Executive Order 9066 was constitutional. d. Whether or not a Japanese citizen legally in the U.S. could be deported once war was declared.

17. The situation involving Japanese-Americans in 1941 was similar to what other event in U.S. History?a. The deportation of German-Americans following the 1917 Declaration of war on Germanyb. The conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti during the 1920s Red Scare

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The caption reads: "Stay out! Stay out for my sake as well as your own." The bottom of the caption reads: America Last Refuge for Democracy.

c. The forced removal of Native-Americans to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Actd. The deportation of Mexicans during the Great Depression

Questions 18- 19 Relate to the Image Below

18. What was the cause of the "war" recounted in the Washington Post headline for June 11, 1943a. Attempts to deport illegal Chicano immigrants in Washington D.C.b. Racial tensions between Chicanos and white servicemen in Los Angelesc. Attempts by Japanese-Americans to resist forced relocation in Seattled. Anger at Japanese-Americans for the attack on Pearl Harbor

19. The violence recounted above was made worse by the fact thata. The police seemed unwilling to stop the violence.b. The police seemed unable to stop the violencec. The police were undermanned because so many men were at war.d. The Japanese had just launched a major offensive and attention focused upon a potential invasion of

Hawaii.

Questions 20 - 23 Relate to the photograph below

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20. The most famous role played by African-Americans in World War Two was asa. Fighter escorts for U.S. bombing missions b. Ambulance drivers at the frontc. Service personal in the U.S. Navy d. Support troops in the Marine Corps

21. During the war unfair hiring practices in wartime facilities was protested most vocally bya. W.E.B. Dubois b. Marcus Garvey c. Eleanor Roosevelt d. A. Philip Randolph

22. The resolution to the issue of unfair hiring practices during the war was remedied bya. Executive 9906 b. Executive Order 8802c. Executive Order 9980 d. Executive Order 9981

23. The experiences of Native Americans in WWII was similar to African-Americans in thata. They were denied higher rank due to racism in the War Departmentb. They were forced to play support roles instead of combat positionsc. They performed very important and highly dangerous missionsd. They refused to volunteer protesting years of civil rights abuses

Questions 24 - 25 Relate to the Passage Below"Rationing is a vital part of your country's war effort. Any attempt to violate rules in an effort to deny someone his share will create hardship and help the enemy. This book is our government's assurance to your right to buy your fair share of certain goods made scarce by the war. Price Ceilings have been established for your protection. dealers

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source: Library of Congress, Italy 1945

must post these prices conspicuously. Do not pay more! Give your whole support to rationing and thereby conserve our vital goods. Be guided by this rule: "If you don't need it, don't buy it?"

-War Rations Book 3 and 4, Office of Price Administration, 1943-

24. Which of the following was the primary economic purpose for the rationing program found in the above document?

a. Control inflation caused by shortages of consumer goodsb. Discourage the development of black marketsc. Encourage industries to make consumer goodsd. Encourage workers and unions not to demand higher wages.

25. Which of the following best explains the campaign behind the above government documents?a. Governments needed to control civilian behavior and reassure people that they were still in control.b. Industrial production was essential to successful modern warfare and it required a nationwide effortc. Salvaging waste material promoted patriotism by giving everyone a way to support the war.d. Governments had to stop civilian hoarding so that the focus of anger would be on the enemy and not each other.

Questions 26 - Relate to the Map Below

26. The Japanese objective in striking Pearl Harbor in 1941 were toa. Create a decisive first strike against U.S. Naval forcesb. Prepare the island for a Japanese amphibious invasionc. Take over the island in preparation for invasion of the U.S. mainlandd. To serve as a stepping stone for the invasion of oil-rich Alaska

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27. Japanese success in their surprise attack was mostly mitigated by the fact thata. They lost several valuable submarinesb. U.S. aircraft carriers had already left the region prior to the attackc. The Japanese missed most of the battleships stationed in Hawaiid. The Japanese failed to destroy aviation and oil stores

28. Japanese failures in striking the main targets at Pearl Harbor first revealed themselvesa. The Battle of Iwo Jima b. The Battle of Anzioc. The Battle of Okinawa d. The Battle of Midway

Questions 29-32 Relate to the Passage Below"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone - Greece with its immortal glories - is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place."

Winston Churchill, Sinews of Peace Speech, 1946

29. In the line “from Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended Across Europe" to what is Churchill referring?

a. Soviet Red Army control of Eastern Europe b. Chinese threats to invade the Korean Peninsula c. The division of Berlin into zones of control d. Communist revolutions in Latin America

30. Which of the following Cold War policies was a direct result of the situation described in Churchill's speech?a. The Truman Doctrine pledging aid to countries struggling against oppression.b. The drafting of the United Nations Charter in San Franciscoc. The North Korean Invasion of the South initiating the Korean Ward. The return of Winston Churchill as Prime Minister

31. Which of the following events led directly to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?a. The passage of the 1947 National Security Actb. The inauguration of the Marshall Plan in 1947c. The Berlin Crisis of 1948-1949d. The creation of the Warsaw Pact

32. Which of these bests describes the Marshall Plan?a. The U.S. will aid Europe with humanitarian aid and financial backing for its reconstruction.b. The U.S. will airlift supplies to Berlin despite the closure of that city to civilian traffic.c. The U.S. will aid any nation struggling against oppressors from within or from without.d. The U.S. will send military forces into the Middle East to forestall the spread of communism.

Questions 33- Refer to the Image Below

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33. The famous image above was related to which of the following eventsa. The building of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Unionb. The Berlin Airliftc. The surrender of Nazi Germanyd. The Liberation of Paris by Allied forces

34. The events of the above image led directly to which of the following?a. The surrender of German troops at Stalingradb. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organizationc. The start of the Korean Ward. The evacuation of children from Auschwitz

Questions 35- 27 Relate to the Image Below

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35. What is the historical context of the image above?a. The decision to choose Dewey as VP in the 1944 electionb. Truman had won enough delegates for the 1948 Democratic nominationc. The closeness of the 1948 Presidential Electiond. The results of the heavyweight championship boxing title

36. What issue most split the democratic party leading up to the 1948 Election?a. The loss of China to Communism under Mao Zedongb. Truman's support of stronger civil rights legislationc. Truman's call to remove wage and price controlsd. His choice of a very liberal Vice-Presidential candidate.

37. The results of the 1948 Election would most resemble which of the following?a. 1932 b. 1828 c. 1860 d. 1872

Questions 38 – 40 Relate to the passage below"At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedom. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

Harry S. Truman, speech to Congress (29th June, 1947)

38. Based upon the text of the speech what is basic message of this speech?a. That Nazism, while damaged is not yet defeated, and the battle must continue.b. That the use of the atomic bomb to protect Americans was an absolute necessity.c. That the world had become a bipolar choice between democracy and dictatorship.d. That Capitalism and Communism were in opposition but could work together.

39. This was the text of what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine. This political ideal would most resemblea. Washington's Farewell Address in the 1790sb. James Madison's Declaration of war against Britain in 1812

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c. Wilson's Fourteen Points in 1919d. FDR's speech explaining the Lend Lease Act in 1941

40. The historical context of the speech involveda. Communist forces attempting to overturn the governments of Greece and Turkeyb. Stalin's abrogation of the Yalta Accordsc. Soviet support for a communist regime in North Koread. Soviet aid to Mao's communist forces in China

Questions 41 – 42 Relate to the Passage Below“This bill, which I have signed today, substantially carries out most of the recommendations made by me in a speech on July 28, 1943, and more specifically in messages to the Congress dated October 27, 1943, and November 23, 1943:1. It gives servicemen and women the opportunity of resuming their education or technical training after discharge, or of taking a refresher or retrainer course, not only without tuition charge up to $500 per school year, but with the right to receive a monthly living allowance while pursuing their studies.

2. It makes provision for the guarantee by the Federal Government of not to exceed 50 percent of certain loans made to veterans for the purchase or construction of homes, farms, and business properties.

3. It provides for reasonable unemployment allowances payable each week up to a maximum period of one year, to those veterans who are unable to find a job.

4. It establishes improved machinery for effective job counseling for veterans and for finding jobs for returning soldiers and sailors.

5. It authorizes the construction of all necessary additional hospital facilities.

6. It strengthens the authority of the Veterans Administration to enable it to discharge its existing and added responsibilities with promptness and efficiency.

With the signing of this bill a well-rounded program of special veterans' benefits is nearly completed. It gives emphatic notice to the men and women in our armed forces that the American people do not intend to let them down.”

FDR’s Comments on the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, 1944

41. The bill described above was primarily designed toa. allowed veterans an easier transition into post-war civilian life.b. demobilize the armed forces in an orderly fashion.c. prepare the military for the expected Cold War d. allow men to more quickly displace women and minorities in the post-war job market.

42. As a consequence of the GI Bill in the 1950s was a movement towarda. massive urban renewal projectsb. the suburbs from the inner citiesc. free college education for all Americansd. allowing women to maintain their war time jobs

Questions 43 – 45 Relate to the Passage Below“At the present moment in world history, nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.

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The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedom. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

President Truman, speech to Congress (12th March 1947)

43. The Truman Doctrine was first applied to aid for what two countries fighting against a communist insurgency?a. Spain and Portugal b. Greece and Turkeyc. Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia d. Latvia and Lithuania

44. All of the following nations were victims of the political problems described by Truman EXCEPTa. Austria b. Poland c. Hungary d. Czechoslovakia

45. All of the following members of the U.S. State Department would have agreed with Truman’s assessment EXCEPT

a. George Kennan b. George Marshall c. Alger Hiss d. Dean Acheson

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