AP US History Unit Two Test 2016

Questions 1-3 Relate to the Image Below“These colonies ought to regard the act with abhorrence. For who are a free people? Not those over whom government is reasonably and equitably exercised but those who live under a government, so constitutionally checked and controlled, that proper provision is made against its being otherwise exercised. The late act is founded on the destruction of constitutional security.… In short, if they have a right to levy a tax of one penny upon us, they have a right to levy a million upon us. For where does that right stop?...To use the words of Mr. Locke, ‘What property have we in that, which another may, by rights take, when he pleases, to himself?’…We are therefore—I speak it with grief—I speak with indignation—we are slaves.”

John Dickinson, Letter from a Farmer, 1768John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies (New York: The

Outlook Company, 1903), 75–78.1. The passage above was written in response to

a. calls for a stronger central government. b. British efforts to tax the colonies.c. debates over the issue of slavery. d. the perceived corruption of the British government.

2. Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the conditions leading to the argument in the passage above?

a. The growth of the Atlantic economy during the 18th century b. The spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europec. The large British debt incurred from the Seven Years’ Ward. The indifference of the British government to colonial governance

3. Which group would most likely have supported the sentiments expressed in the passage above?a. Loyalists in the 1770s and 1780s b. Backcountry rebels in the 1780s and 1790s c. Whigs in the 1830s and 1840s d. Republicans in the 1850s and 1860s

Questions 4-7 Relate to the Image Below

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4. The image to the left can best be seen as depictinga. the support of colonial independence by European allies.b. loyalist opposition to colonial independence movements.c. the dangerous influence of the French Revolution.d. the British government constraining colonial rights.

5. Which of the following turning points set the stage for the controversy depicted in the cartoon above?a. Britain’s victory over France in North America b. The spread of French revolutionary ideas

throughout Europec. The signing of the Declaration of Independence. d. The American Revolutionary War

6. Which of the following British revenue measures first drove the colonial arguments related to unfair representation?

a. The Navigation Acts b. The Stamp Actc. The Sugar Act d. The Quebec Act

7. The American independence movement was least fueled bya. the impact of revivals and evangelical ideas. b. Enlightenment political thought.c. colonial economic concerns. d. the fear of attack from other European powers.

Questions 8- 10 Relate to the Map Below

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8. Which of the following areas could most accurately be considered a Whig stronghold?a. New England coastal regions b. The Old Restoration coloniesc. The Deep South d. Nova Scotia

9. The British strategy culminating in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga played upon loyalist sympathies ina. Georgia b. New York c. Connecticut d. Pennsylvania

10. What factor most likely explains the strength of Tory support in major port cities?a. Most recent arrivals settled there and were staunchly pro-Britishb. Most Irish Catholics were poor and were forced to live in coastal regionsc. The "middling classes" were tied to trade with Britaind. Nearly all educated people lived in port cities

Questions 11- 13 Relate to the Passage Below

“In singing of hymns and spiritual songs—whereby their hearts are greatly inflamed with divine love and heavenly joy, and makes the Holy Ghost be shed abroad in their hearts. This is very fine talking. I could wish that all the doings were equally innocent.…But let us go on, and examine if in the general corruption of manners these New Lights have made any reform in the vice of drunkenness?...There is not one hogshead of liquor less consumed since their visiting us, or any tavern shut up—So far from it, that there has been a great increase of both.…Since the appearance of these New Lights more enormities of every kind have been committed—more robberies, thefts, murders, plunderings, burglaries, and villainies of every kind, than ever before…In short, they have filled the country with idle and vagrant persons, who live by their criminalities. For it is a maxim with these vermin of religion, that a person must first be a sinner e’re he can be saint.”

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Charles Woodmason, a traveling Anglican preacher, 1768Richard J. Hooker, The Carolina Backcountry on the Eve of the Revolution: The Journal

and Other Writings of Charles Woodmason, Anglican Itinerant (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1953).

11. The excerpt above was most likely a response toa. Puritan efforts to create close-knit religious societies.b. the diminishing of regional distinctiveness over time.c. widespread Protestant evangelical religious revivals.d. mistrust between European leaders and American settlers.

12. The underlying cause of the author’s complaints in the passage above wasa. social tensions among backcountry inhabitants. b. a strong belief in British racial and cultural superiority.c. the rise of indentured servitude and African slavery.d. resistance to British imperial control in the colonies.

13. The event that led to the emotions expressed above wasa. The French and Indian War b. The Great Awakeningc. The Enlightenment d. The Restoration

“[The] Constitution, which, by the undefined meaning of some parts, and the ambiguities of expression in others, is dangerously adapted to the purposes of an immediate aristocratic tyranny; that...from the difficulty, if not impracticability of its operation, must soon terminate in the most uncontrolled despotism…[1.]…[The] best political writers have supported the principles of annual elections…2. There is no security in the proffered system, either for the rights of conscience, or liberty of the press. 3. There are no well-defined limits of the Judiciary Powers…4. The Executive and Legislative are dangerously blended as to give just cause of alarm…9. There is no provision for a rotation, nor any thing to prevent the perpetuity of office in the same hands for life…14. There is no provision by a bill of rights to guard against the dangerous encroachments of power…15. The…impracticability, of exercising the equal and equitable powers of government by a single legislature over an extent of territory that reaches from Mississippi to the…Atlantic ocean…And it is to be feared we shall soon see this country rushing into the extremes of confusion and violence, in consequence of the proceedings of a set of gentlemen, who disregarding the purposes of their appointment, have assumed powers unauthorized by any commission, have unnecessarily rejected the confederation of the United States, and annihilated the sovereignty and independence of the individual governments.”

Mercy Otis Warren, Observations on the New Constitution, and on the Federal and State Conventions, by a Columbian Patriot, Boston, 1788.

14. The excerpt above most clearly reflects thea. limitations of the Articles of Confederation.b. growth of a more participatory democracy.c. fears many people had of centralized federal power.d. challenge posed by democracy to traditional imperial systems.

15. The excerpt above was most clearly written in response toa. compromises at the Constitutional convention over representation.b. debates over the ratification of the United States Constitution.c. concern that hereditary privilege would replace individual talent.d. fears of the impact of revolutionary ideas from France, Haiti, and Latin America.

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16. The arguments expressed in the passage above most clearly warn against the perceived dangers of a. democracy. b. republicanism.c. a strong central government. d. limited government.

Questions 17 - 19 Relate to the Image Below

17. The historical context for the illustration to the left was a. A recruiting poster for the Sons of Liberty b. The French and Indian War c. A banner for the Stamp Act Congress d. A propaganda leaflet issued by Federalist newspapers

18. The illustration related to a. The Stamp Act Congress b. The Albany Plan of Union c. The First Continental Congress d. The Suffolk Resolves

19. The image suggests the lack of colonial unity but which of the following first showed a growing sense of American identity?

a. The Albany Plan of Union b. The Stamp Act Congressc. The House of Burgesses d. The First Continental Congress

Questions 20 - Relate to the Passage BelowWHEREAS DOUBTS HAVE BEEN ENTERTAINED whether troops can be quartered otherwise than in barracks, in case barracks have been provided sufficient for the quartering of all the officers and soldiers within any town, township, city, district, or place within His Majesty's dominions in North America; and whereas it may frequently happen from the situation of such barracks that, if troops should be quartered therein they would not be stationed where their presence may be necessary and required be it therefore enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords ... and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled ... that, in such cases, it shall and may be lawful for the persons who now are, or may be hereafter, authorized by law, in any of the provinces within His Majesty's dominions in North America, and they are hereby respectively authorized, empowered, and directed, on the requisition of the officer who, for the time being, has the command of His Majesty's forces in North America, to cause any officers or soldiers in His Majesty's service to be quartered and billeted in such manner as is now directed by law where no barracks are provided by the colonies.

2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that, if it shall happen at any time that any officers or soldiers in H is Majesty's service shall remain within any of the said colonies without quarters for the space of twenty four hours after such quarters shall have been demanded, it shall and may be lawful for the governor of the province to order and direct such and so many uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings as he shall think necessary to be taken (making a reasonable allowance for the same) and make fit for the reception of such officers and soldiers, and to put and quarter such officers and soldiers therein for such time as he shall think proper….

20. The historical context of the above document relates to what eventa. The Boston Massacre 1770 b. The Boston Tea Party 1773c. The Proclamation of 1763 d. The Declaratory Act 1765

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21. The above source is most likely an excerpt from the a. Declaratory Act of 1765 b. The Quartering Act of 1774c. The Olive Branch Petition of 1776 d. The Massachusetts Government Act 1774

22. Which of the following would NOT have related to the historical context of the above document?a. The Quebec Act 1774 b. The Justice Act of 1774b. The Boston Port Bill 1774 d. The Massachusetts Government Act 1774

Questions 23-25 Relate to the Passage BelowPhiladelphia, 1776

Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. That it is expedient forthwith to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign Alliances. That a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective Colonies for their consideration and approbation. Source: Record Group 360: Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, 1765 - 1821

23. Which of the following most precipitated the above resolution?a. The Boston Massacre of 1770 b. The Battle of Breed's Hill 1775c. The Administration of Justice Act 1774 c. The Boston Tea Party 1773

24. Which of the following states would have least supported the above resolution?a. Massachusetts b. Virginia c. New York d. New Hampshire

25. Which of the following countries would have been most sought as an American ally in 1776?a. Canada b Ireland c. France d. Russia

Questions 26-29 Relate to the Passage Below

"It is inseparably essential to the freedom of a People, and the undoubted Right of Englishmen, that no taxed be imposed upon them, but with their own consent, and given personally, or by their own representatives…That it is the indispensible duty of these colonies, to the best of sovereigns…to procure the repeal of the act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, of all clauses of any other acts of Parliament…for the restriction of American commerce."

Thomas Jefferson 1765

26. The resolution of the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 expressed respect for which of the followinga. Colonial Merchants b. Merchants in Britainc. Leaders in Parliament d. The Archbishop of the Anglican Church

27. For some time the Stamp Act placed on the colonies a tax that was a. A property tax b. Direct c. To Regulate Trade d. To support the Church

28. Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress?

a. The Quartering Act for British Soldiers b. The Sugar Act for taxing luxuriesc. The Coercive Act closing the port of Boston d. The Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

29. Which event in British history would have most inspired Jefferson to pen the above comments?a. The English Civil War b The Establishment of the Protectoratec. The Restoration of the Stuarts d. The Glorious Revolution

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Question 30 -31 Relate to the Image Below

30. The creator of the illustration above would most likely have supported which of the following?a. The ideal of “republican motherhood” b. The antebellum women’s movement

c. The rise of Gilded Age women’s clubs d. The efforts of women to gain the right to vote

31. Women’s status during the late 1700s changed as they a. began to earn the right to vote in most places.

b. gained new standing in American political culture.c. began to read and write political satired. became involved in various reform efforts outside the home.

Questions 32-33 Relate to the passage below

There is one thing more to which I would take the liberty of soliciting your most serious and constant attention; to wit, the cloathing of your Troops, and the procuring of every possible supply in your power from time to time for that end. If the several States exert themselves...in this instance, and I think they will, I hope that the Supplies they will be able to furnish in aid of those, which Congress may immediately import themselves, will be equal and competent to every demand. If they do not, I fear, I am satisfied the Troops will never be in a situation to answer the public expectation and perform the duties required of them. No pains, no efforts on the part of the States can be too great for this purpose. It is not easy to give you a just and accurate idea of the sufferings of the Army at large of the loss of men on this account. Were they to be minutely detailed, your feelings would be wounded, and the relation would probably be not received without a degree of doubt & discredit. We had in Camp, on the 23rd Inst. by a Field Return then taken, not less than 2898 men unfit for duty, by reason of their being barefoot and otherwise naked. Besides this number, sufficiently distressing of itself, there are many Others detained in Hospitals and crowded in Farmers Houses for the same causes. In a most particular manner, I flatter myself the care and attention of the States

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will be directed to the supply of Shoes, Stockings and Blankets, as their expenditure from the common operations and accidents of War is far greater than of any other articles. In a word, the United and respective exertions of the States cannot be too great, too vigorous in this interesting work, and we shall never have a fair and just prospect for success till our Troops (Officers & Men) are better appointed and provided than they are or have been.

George Washington to the State of New Hampshire, December 29, 1777

32. The situation above would have most precipitated which of the following events?a. The Battle of Trenton and Princeton b. The Battle of Breed's Hillc. The Battle of Lexington and Concord d. The Battle of Yorktown

33. All of the following would have been weaknesses plaguing the Continental Congress except?a. The inability to trade with foreign powers to gain suppliesb. The lack of colonial manufacturing to supply the armyc. The lack of paper money to purchase suppliesd. The unwillingness of some states to supply the army

Questions 34-36 Relate to the Passage Below

I beg leave to state to you my necessitous circumstances, that through your intervention I may obtain that succour, which suffering humanity ever requires. Borne of African parents...and apprenticed in Boston, from whence I was removed to Roseley and from thence again to Andover into the family of Locerage, with whom as was then the lot of my unfortunate race, I passed the best part of my life as a slave. In the year of our Lord 1775 or 6 and in the twenty fifth of my age I entered into the service of the U.S. as a private soldier wherein I continued five years and contracted a complaint from which I have suffered in a greater or less degree ever since and with which I am now afflicted. After leaving the army to become a sailor for two years I was for some time in Newtown, from whence I went to Natick where I remained for a short time and then removed to Dover whence I was a day labourer during the period of seven years. Eight years past I removed to the place where I now live and have until this time by my labor assisted by the kindness of the neighbouring inhabitants been enabled to support myself and family. At present having arrived at the fifty eight year of my life and afflicted with an unusable arm as I apprehend with incurable diseases where by the labor of my hands is wholly cut off, am with it is the only means of my support. My family at this time consists of a wife and four children three of whom are so young as to be unable to support themselves and the time of their mother is wholly occupied in taking care of myself & my little ones--thus gentlemen in this my extremity I am induced to call on you for assistance; not in the character of an inhabitant of the town of Westfield for I have no such claim but as a stranger accidently falling within your borders, one who has not the means of subsistence, and in failure one who must fail through want and disease unless sustained by your care.

Peter Kiteridge to the Selectmen of the Town of Newfield, Massachusetts, 1806

34. What seems to be the major reason why Peter Kiteridge was petitioning the town council?a. He feared being made a slave after the war ended.b. He believed that he had been freed due to his service in the war.c. He hoped that his service would result in support for his family.d. He was seeking help for his family so that they would not be enslaved.

35. What was the general attitude that the "revolutionary generation" have related to slavery.a. It was a necessary evil and would likely never end.b. It was a positive good and should be maintained for the good of Africansc. It was a necessary evil and would one day end through gradual emancipation

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d. It was morally reprehensible and must be immediately abolished.36. What impact did the Revolutionary War have upon the slavery debate in the America?

a. A distinct division was revealed between slave and non-slave regionsb. Slavery began to disappear immediately in most Chesapeake statesc. The Mid-Atlantic states immediately abolished the practiced. Indentured servitude was extended to Native-Americans due to labor shortages

Questions 37- 39 Relate to the Passage Below"I have not the least doubt that African-Americans will make excellent soldiers given the proper management. I foresee that this project will encounter severe opposition due to prejudice and self interest. The contempt that we have taught to entertain is not based upon logic nor experience…and an unwillingness to part with property considered so valuable will furnish thousands of pernicious and impractical arguments. But it should be considered that if we do not make use of them that our enemy surely will. An essential part of the plan is to give to them their freedom with their muskets."

Alexander Hamilton, A Proposal to Arm and Free Negros, 1776

37. To encourage African-Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promiseda. Effective leadership from the officers. b. An end to prejudicec. Equal wages with white soldiers d. Emancipation from slavery

38. Which of the following was the primary reason for Hamilton's call for African-American soldiers?a. The New York militia was short of soldiersb. The British were recruiting black soldiersc. The Declaration of Independence declared that "all men are created equal."d. General Washington trusted their use in combat.

SHORT ANSWER SECTION (Remember to support your answer with details/examples)39.During the mid-18th century, new pressures began to unite the British colonies, sparking an independence movement and ultimately a war against England.

a. Briefly explain ONE political or economic pressure faced by the colonies during this time.b. Briefly explain ONE action taken by the colonists to address the pressure explained in Part A.c. Briefly explain ONE response by the British government to the action explained in Part B.

This question is based on the following two passages.

“The struggle over the Constitution…can best be understood as a social one. Whatever the particular constituency of the antagonists may have been, men in 1787–1788 talked as if they were representing distinct and opposing social elements. Both the proponents and opponents of the Constitution focused throughout the debates on an essential point of political sociology that ultimately must be used to distinguish a Federalist from an Antifederalist. The quarrel was fundamentally one between aristocracy and democracy.”

Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of an American Republic, 1776–1787, 1969Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 (Chapel Hill: The

University of North Carolina Press, 1970).

“The supporters of the United States Constitution touted it as, among many other things, the only solution to a terrible economic slump. Nearly all free Americans believed much of the responsibility for the recession of the 1780s lay with the thirteen state legislatures.…The Constitution was also rooted in a struggle between taxpayers and investors in government bonds.

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…Debate over state-level fiscal and monetary policies…divided Americans on the eve of the Constitutional Convention.…The debate…hinged upon which segment of society should bear the burden of reviving the economy.”

Woody Holton, “Did Democracy Cause the Recession That Led to the Constitution?” 2005Woody Holton, “Did Democracy Cause the Recession That Led to the Constitution?” Journal of

American History, Vol. 92, #2 (September 2005).

40. Using the excerpts above, answer parts A, B, and C.a. Briefly explain ONE major difference between Wood’s and Holton’s historical interpretations of the debates over the Constitution in the late 1780s.b. Briefly explain how ONE development in the 1780s not directly mentioned in the excerpts supports Wood’s argument.c. Briefly explain how ONE development in the 1780s not directly mentioned in the excerpts supports Holton’s argument.

Question 41. Part ABriefly explain support for the argument that the Articles of Confederation succeeded in guiding the United States in its first decade using ONE of the Choices Below:

Victory in the Revolutionary WarThe Land Ordinance of 1785The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Part B Briefly explain a challenge to the above statement during this period using ONE of the choices below:

Financial CircumstancesForeign AffairsDomestic Political tensions

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