April 9, 2008

Kevin Huselid

Brian Bell

Water and Sanitation for Hope Integrated Academy Mulobere, Masaka, Uganda

University of Minnesota Chapter

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota

AgendaAgenda Engineers Without Borders University of

Minnesota Chapter Uganda Rural Fund and the Hope Integrated

Academy Sustainable Water Supply Sanitation and Hygienic Education Conclusions

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota

Mission StatementMission Statement

The mission of Engineers Without Borders - University of Minnesota (EWB-UMN) is to partner with disadvantaged communities

around the world, and to improve their quality of life through implementation of engineered

projects that prove environmentally and economically sustainable.

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota

Goals Goals

Our goals are achieved through cooperation with each other, fellow institutions, and mentors on the basis of commitment, persistence, humility

and concern for the recipients of our efforts.

Involves in 43 countries:

14,000 members

269 chapters

311 projects

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Uganda Rural Fund in Masaka, UgandaUganda Rural Fund in Masaka, Uganda

Location – rural village 40 km south of Masaka, Uganda

Community of 2000 where 19% of the children are orphans

Partnership – Uganda Rural Fund All volunteer 501(c)3 non

profit started in 2005 to provide education and support for disadvantaged children, AIDs orphans, and marginalized communities throughout Uganda

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Quick FactsQuick Facts

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Gross Domestic Product per capita $326

Gross National Income per capita $280

Total Population 30,000,000

Population annual growth rate 3.2%

85% of the population lives on less than $1 a day

60% of the population uses improved drinking water sources

43% of the population uses adequate sanitation facitlites

Sources: UNICEF, WHO (2008)

Hope Integrated AcademyHope Integrated Academy

Currently an after school program for 200 children focusing on vocational skills

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Future development will provide housing for 300 AIDS orphans

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The NeedThe Need

Water Unsatisfactory water sources

nearby Current: 1 km transport of water School must have a clean

sustainable water source for both students and staff

Sanitation Current: pit latrines The school will need a more

hygienic and sustainable sanitation system

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The technical solutionThe technical solution

Water Rainwater harvesting

Sanitation Ecological sanitation

system with dry composting

Assessment of possible deep well groundwater source

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Why Rainwater System ?Why Rainwater System ?

The active shallow well near the school dries up

A deep well would cost $12,000 with less than 20% success rate

School is currently only in use for an after school program

Need a reliable water source Future expansion to include a well

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System overviewSystem overview

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Four 24,000 liter high density polypropylene tanks

School Layout

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Gutter and Conveyance SystemGutter and Conveyance System

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First flush diversion at every downspout

Primary Water TreatmentPrimary Water Treatment

Screens on gutters

First Flush system at all down spouts

Divert 7.6 L per 9.6 m2

Using 4” PVC pipe

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Gutter AttachmentsGutter Attachments

Attach fascia to roof structure.

Attach gutters to fascia

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Water StorageWater Storage

Capacity for next two years – 250 after school children Usage – 5 L/day

Size estimate

100,000 L

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Storage TanksStorage Tanks

Ferrocement:

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PolyTanks:

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PolyTanksPolyTanks

Advantages:Two Tanks

Flexibiility

Construction

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Disadvantages:Cost

UV degradation

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Water Storage TanksWater Storage Tanks

No pumping required!

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Dual PolyTank ArrangementDual PolyTank Arrangement

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Secondary Water TreatmentSecondary Water Treatment

Common practice in rural Masaka is to boil all water Other treatments

Inline chlorination UV treatment

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Sanitation

Design for 250 day students and 15 full-time teachers

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Urinals

ToiletsUrine

Diverting

CollectionMovable

containersApplication

Agricultural

Storage

Treatment

Septic TankSolids

Removal

Soil Infiltration

Hand Washing Station

Feces

Urine

Urine

Gray water

System Overview Sanitation

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6 Stalls 3 for girls 3 for boys

Urine diverting toilets and urinalsUrine and feces collected and treated separately

System Components

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System Components Solid waste management

Add soil/ash after each use Collect in movable containers Treat with dehydration and time Store in rear

Liquid waste management Send to septic tank Treat through soil Recycle nutrients

(optional)

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System Components

Hand washing stations One at each end of building Rainwater collection Gray water disposed of with urine

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota

System Components

Education Components For Users:

Use of toilets Hand washing with soap

For Operators: Reuse of solid waste Maintenance

We educate operators and teachers Teachers educate students Posters in bathrooms

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Sanitation

Benefits Prevents disease Protects the environment Recycles nutrients Minimizes odor Permanent

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Sanitation

Potential Concerns and Solutions Cultural acceptability -- Education Misuse of toilets -- Education Reluctance to handle waste -- Education Overuse -- Removable containers Future location of well -- Move infiltration trench

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Community EducationCommunity Education

Every volunteer partners throughout the stay with a staff member to learn and teach about sustainable technology in Uganda

Vocational school adapts the systems as examples how to expand to other houses

Manuals use pictures Sanitation and health education to

also serve as an evaluation of impact Still need a control population

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Total Budget and Future WorkTotal Budget and Future Work

July Assessment for future work Hydrogeology of area from private hydrologist Secondary water treatment

– Locate possible UV light bulbs or chlorination supplies

– Feasibility of hypochlorite production at school Agricultural processing and nutritional products for

local market Sanitation education and expansion of dry

composting Local materials for improved stove construction Women’s social organizing initiatives

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Rainwater BudgetRainwater Budget

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Rain Water Harvesting $5,000

Polytanks $14,000

Sanitation System $7,000

Total     $26,000

•Based on assessment of materials and local suppliers

•Local labor costs

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Questions?Questions?

http://www.tc.umn.edu/~ewb/

ewb@umn.edu

“The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them”

Albert Einstein