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April 2012 Wolverine Caucus Event Featuring Paul N. Courant
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Transcript of April 2012 Wolverine Caucus Event Featuring Paul N. Courant
Libraries in the Age of Google
Paul N. Courant Wolverine Caucus
Lansing, MI 17 April 2012
Introduction: Revolutions in the
Library
The Library Image source: UNC School of Information & Library Science
What does the Academic Library do?
Supports scholarship
- Provides relevant information/materials to students and faculty
- Provides reliable, stable, approximately permanent access to the scholarly record and associated source material. Authentic and secure.
Used to go together, now not so much.
Publication and Scholarship
Ideas must be conveyed to qualify as ideas
Polls
Articles
Experiments
Statistics
Books
Reports
And without libraries, that which we know (knew) gets lost
Progress You can t make it or sustain it without a library
In fact, you can t do much without a library*
*I get to define do, much, and library
Sharing
The Library is for Everyone -- Stephen Clark
You are here
Some economics of libraries
What does this mean?
Cost for users: relatively low
- Time - Research - Travel
Cost for libraries: relatively high
- Building - Infrastructure - Maintenance - Staff - Acquisitions - And so on...
Public Goods Samuelson on public goods: “Each individual’s consumption of that good leads to no subtraction from any other individual’s consumption of that good.” Jefferson on information:
“Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it. He
who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine,
receives light without darkening me.”
“Inventions then cannot, in nature, be a subject of property.”
You are here
Digitization can change it all
Annual Cost of Storing a Book
Open Stack: $4.26 High Density $ .86 (but not as usable) HathiTrust $ .15 (average) Big Potential Saving
A fact about our world
Except for the most arcane materials and users, that which is not available online will simply not be read.
Copyright
The goal of copyright
“ promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts, by securing for
limited times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive right to their respective Writings and Discoveries . . .”
United States Constitution, Article I
The original requirements for gaining copyright protection (i.e., registration, publication, & limited scope and endurance) were more consistent with “learning” and promoting access than with promoting property.
Copyright
The length of copyright Copyright, the good old days:
Copyright today:
14 years 14 years
And you had to register
Life of the author +70 years
No registration required (unless you want to sue)
Data source: Congressional Research Service, Copyright Term Extension: Estimating the Economic Values
Copyrights between 55 and 75 years old that were still valuable in 1998
The street value of copyright
Plausibly in copyright: 66.6% Public Domain: 28.4%
UM’s print collection: 7.3 million volumes
Unknown: 5%
Out of print = 95%
Now copying is cheap
Once upon a time, copying (aka printing) was
expensive
Now, also cheap
Distributing copies was expensive
The business model no longer fits the business(es).
Cheap copying ought to help
Publication facilitates collaboration, standing on the shoulders of both giants and the vertically challenged, which is the fundamental method And new information technology greatly reduces the cost of publication, improving access across time and space . . . .
Google & HathiTrust
Google Books Project
Google Settlement Access for our Campus Public Benefits - Print Disabilities - Public Library Kiosks - Browsing in the “Bookstore” Research Corpus Collection Management
Google Settlement Controversy
Monopoly Orphan Works Pipe Dreams of Various Flavors - Nonprofits should & would have done it - Should have been public policy Current state of play
What’s in HathiTrust?
10,110,821 total volumes 5,372,802 book titles 266,547 serial titles
3,538,787,350 pages 453 terabytes
120 miles 8,215 tons
2,803,202 volumes (~28% of total) in the public domain
30
Language Distribution (1) The top 10 languages make up ~86% of all content.
*As of June 13, 2011
31
Language Distribution (2)
31
The next 40 languages make up ~13% of all content.
*As of June 13, 2011
The Future
Challenges Intellectual property environment
Technology and Scale
Rising journal prices, especially in Science, Technology and Medicine
Problem of preservation and future access with licensing
New Responsibilities
- Large data sets
- “Web 2.0” (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, YouTube)
Opportunities
Scholarship benefits from easy sharing
We are the information experts in the Information Age, and hard problems require expertise
If we can organize to cover costs, the sky is the limit
No matter what, Michigan will be a leader
What to Do Revise the rights environment to exploit the technology Revise individual libraries’ missions to exploit the technology
- Sharing and scale - Local layers on top - (cataloging as poster child)
Digitize wherever possible, and use digital copies wherever appropriate and legal
- Information to Artifact continuum Preserve and curate the old and the new (Display the treasures) Create Institutions to Support Collaboration
Two Futures
Thank you [email protected]