Apresentação1 guyana

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BRITISH GUYANA BRITISH GUYANA "The Land "The Land of Many Waters" of Many Waters" officially officially the Co-operative Republic the Co-operative Republic of Guyana of Guyana "ONE PEOPLE, ONE NATION, ONE DESTINY"

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Transcript of Apresentação1 guyana

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BRITISH GUYANA BRITISH GUYANA "The Land "The Land of Many Waters"of Many Waters" officially officially the Co-operative Republic of the Co-operative Republic of

GuyanaGuyana

 "ONE PEOPLE, ONE NATION, ONE DESTINY"

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localizationlocalization Modern Guyana is bordered to the east Modern Guyana is bordered to the east

by by SurinameSuriname , to the south and  , to the south and southwest by southwest by BrazilBrazil , to the west by  , to the west by VenezuelaVenezuela , and on the north by the  , and on the north by the AtlanticAtlantic OceanOcean .  .

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the independence of British the independence of British Guiana Guiana

Guyana achieved independence from Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a and became a republicrepublic on 23  on 23 February 1970, remaining a member February 1970, remaining a member of the of the CommonwealthCommonwealth .  .

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Environment and Environment and biodiversity biodiversity

More than 80% of Guyana is still covered by More than 80% of Guyana is still covered by forests, ranging from dry evergreen and forests, ranging from dry evergreen and seasonal forests to montane and lowland seasonal forests to montane and lowland evergreen rain forests. Guyana has one of the evergreen rain forests. Guyana has one of the highest levels of highest levels of biodiversitybiodiversity in the world.  in the world. Guyana, with 1,168 Guyana, with 1,168 vertebratevertebrate species, 1,600  species, 1,600 birdbird species, boasts one of the richest  species, boasts one of the richest mammalian fauna assemblages of any mammalian fauna assemblages of any comparably sized area in the world. comparably sized area in the world.

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EconomyEconomy

The main economic activities in The main economic activities in Guyana are Guyana are agricultureagriculture (production of  (production of rice and rice and DemeraraDemerara sugar sugar ),  ), bauxitebauxite mining,  mining, goldgold mining, timber, shrimp  mining, timber, shrimp fishing and minerals, fishing and minerals, The sugar The sugar industry,industry, which accounts for 28% of which accounts for 28% of all export earnings, is largely run by all export earnings, is largely run by the company Guysuco, which employs the company Guysuco, which employs more people than any other industry more people than any other industry

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Major trading partners Major trading partners Canada, US, UK, Portugal, Jamaica, Canada, US, UK, Portugal, Jamaica,

Trinidad and Tobago, China, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, China, Cuba, Singapore, Japan , Brazil, Suriname Singapore, Japan , Brazil, Suriname (2009 (2009

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Guyana’s riversGuyana’s rivers

The four longest rivers are the The four longest rivers are the EssequiboEssequibo at 1,010 kilometres (628  at 1,010 kilometres (628 mi) long, the mi) long, the CourantyneCourantyne RiverRiver at  at 724 kilometres (450 mi), the724 kilometres (450 mi), theBerbiceBerbice at 595 kilometres (370 mi), and the  at 595 kilometres (370 mi), and the DemeraraDemerara at 346 kilometres (215  at 346 kilometres (215 mi). mi).

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Guyana’s mountainsGuyana’s mountains

Some of Guyana's highest mountains Some of Guyana's highest mountains are are MountMount AyangannaAyanganna (2,042  (2,042 metres / 6,699 feet), metres / 6,699 feet), Monte Monte CaburaíCaburaí (1,465 metres / 4,806 feet) and  (1,465 metres / 4,806 feet) and MountMount Roraima Roraima (2,810 metres / 9,219  (2,810 metres / 9,219 feet – the highest mountain in feet – the highest mountain in Guyana) on the Brazil-Guyana-Guyana) on the Brazil-Guyana-Venezuela Venezuela tripointtripoint border, part of  border, part of the the PakaraimaPakaraima range.  range.

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Unemployment,Unemployment,

9.1% (2008), Labour force , 418,000 9.1% (2008), Labour force , 418,000 (2001 estimate) (2001 estimate)

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Cost of livingCost of livingThe cost of living in Guyana is high. This is because The cost of living in Guyana is high. This is because

most of the items used in daily life are imported most of the items used in daily life are imported with high transportation costs involved. Monopoly in with high transportation costs involved. Monopoly in some business sectors also causes higher profit some business sectors also causes higher profit booking and further raising of prices. For example, booking and further raising of prices. For example, approximate prices (as of January, 2010) of gasoline approximate prices (as of January, 2010) of gasoline (petrol) is US$ 5 per gallon, and electricity prices (petrol) is US$ 5 per gallon, and electricity prices are close to US$ 0.33 per unit A domestic gas bottle are close to US$ 0.33 per unit A domestic gas bottle (or gas cylinder) is slightly over US$ 20. Rent for (or gas cylinder) is slightly over US$ 20. Rent for average family accommodation may exceed US$ average family accommodation may exceed US$ 100 per month in safe urban locations,but most 100 per month in safe urban locations,but most people have their own homes and do not rent, and people have their own homes and do not rent, and personal income tax, which is 33.33% (one third) of personal income tax, which is 33.33% (one third) of total taxable income makes the cost of living total taxable income makes the cost of living higher. An employee's salary is normally paid in higher. An employee's salary is normally paid in Guyanese dollars (1 US Dollar = 200 Guyanese Guyanese dollars (1 US Dollar = 200 Guyanese Dollars approx.) and income tax is deducted by the Dollars approx.) and income tax is deducted by the employer.employer.

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guyana’s climateguyana’s climate

The local The local climateclimate is  is tropicaltropical and  and generally hot and humid, though generally hot and humid, though moderated by northeast moderated by northeast tradetrade windswinds along the coast. There are two rainy  along the coast. There are two rainy seasons, the first from May to mid-seasons, the first from May to mid-August, the second from mid-August, the second from mid-November to mid-January. November to mid-January.

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Guyana’s peopleGuyana’s people

The present population of Guyana is racially and The present population of Guyana is racially and ethnically heterogeneous, composed chiefly of ethnically heterogeneous, composed chiefly of the descendants of immigrants who came to the descendants of immigrants who came to the country as either enslaved or indentured the country as either enslaved or indentured labourers respectively, from labourers respectively, from AfricaAfrica and  and IndiaIndia. . The population therefore is made up of groups The population therefore is made up of groups with ethnic backgrounds from with ethnic backgrounds from IndiaIndia, , AfricaAfrica, , EuropeEurope, , ChinaChina, with , with AboriginalAboriginal. These groups . These groups of diverse nationality backgrounds have been of diverse nationality backgrounds have been fused together by a common language, i.e.,fused together by a common language, i.e.,EnglishEnglish and  and CreoleCreole. There has been racial . There has been racial tension between the majority Indo-Guyanese tension between the majority Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese .and Afro-Guyanese .

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Languages of guyanaLanguages of guyana

EnglishEnglish is the official language of Guyana  is the official language of Guyana and used in its schools. In addition, and used in its schools. In addition, CaribanCariban languageslanguages ( (AkawaioAkawaio, , Wai-WaiWai-Wai, , Arawak andArawak andMacushiMacushi) are spoken by a ) are spoken by a small minority, while small minority, while GuyaneseGuyanese CreoleCreole (an  (an English-based creole with African and/or English-based creole with African and/or East Indian syntax whose grammar is not East Indian syntax whose grammar is not standardised.) is widely spoken.standardised.) is widely spoken.

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religionreligionData from a 2002 census on religious Data from a 2002 census on religious

affiliation indicates that approximately 57% affiliation indicates that approximately 57% of the population are of the population are ChristianChristian (of those,  (of those, 17% are17% arePentecostalPentecostal, 8% are , 8% are Roman Roman CatholicCatholic, , 7% are 7% are AnglicanAnglican, 5% are , 5% are Seventh-daySeventh-day AdventistAdventist, and 20% belong to other Christian , and 20% belong to other Christian denominations). Approximately 28% are denominations). Approximately 28% are HinduHindu, 9% are , 9% are MuslimMuslim (mostly  (mostly SunniSunni), and ), and members of the members of the Bahá'íBahá'í FaithFaith and  and RastafarianismRastafarianismmake up most of the make up most of the remaining 2%. An estimated 4% of the remaining 2%. An estimated 4% of the population does not profess any religion.population does not profess any religion.[[

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  PoliticsPolitics ofof GuyanaGuyana

PoliticsPolitics ofof GuyanaGuyana takes place in a  takes place in a framework of a framework of a semi-presidentialsemi-presidential  representativerepresentative democraticdemocratic  republicrepublic, , whereby the whereby the PresidentPresident ofof GuyanaGuyana is the  is the headhead ofof governmentgovernment, and of a, and of amulti-partymulti-party system system. . ExecutiveExecutive powerpower is exercised by  is exercised by the government. the government. LegislativeLegislative powerpower is  is vested in both the vested in both the governmentgovernment and the  and the NationalNational AssemblyAssembly ofof GuyanaGuyana. .

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militarymilitary

The The militarymilitary ofof GuyanaGuyana consists of the consists of theGuyanaGuyana DefenceDefence Force Force (GDF), which  (GDF), which includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps. and Air Corps.

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transporttransport

here are a total of 116 miles (187 km) of here are a total of 116 miles (187 km) of railwayrailway, all dedicated to ore transport. There are , all dedicated to ore transport. There are 4,952 miles (7,970 km) of highway, of which 4,952 miles (7,970 km) of highway, of which 367 miles (590 km) are paved. Navigable 367 miles (590 km) are paved. Navigable waterways extend to 669 miles (1,077 km), waterways extend to 669 miles (1,077 km), including the Berbice, Demerara, and including the Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers. There are ports at Essequibo rivers. There are ports at Georgetown, Port Kaituma, and Georgetown, Port Kaituma, and NewNew Amsterdam Amsterdam. There is 1 international airport (. There is 1 international airport (CheddiCheddi JaganJagan InternationalInternational AirportAirport, Timehri); 1 , Timehri); 1 regional airport (regional airport (OgleOgle AirportAirport); and about 90 ); and about 90 airstrips, 9 of which have paved runways. airstrips, 9 of which have paved runways. Guyana andGuyana andSurinameSuriname are the only two  are the only two countries in South America which countries in South America which drive drive onon thethe leftleft. .

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Water supply and Water supply and sanitationsanitation

Key issues in the Key issues in the waterwater and  and sanitationsanitation sector in  sector in Guyana are poor service quality, a low level of Guyana are poor service quality, a low level of cost recovery and low levels of access. A high-cost recovery and low levels of access. A high-profile management contract with the British profile management contract with the British company company SevernSevern TrentTrent was cancelled by the  was cancelled by the government in February 2007. In 2008 the public government in February 2007. In 2008 the public utility Guyana Water Inc implemented a utility Guyana Water Inc implemented a Turnaround Plan (TAP) to reduce Turnaround Plan (TAP) to reduce non-revenuenon-revenue waterwater and to financially consolidate the utility.  and to financially consolidate the utility. NRW reduction is expected to be 5% per annum NRW reduction is expected to be 5% per annum for the three-year period of the plan, A mid term for the three-year period of the plan, A mid term review is now due to examine the success of the review is now due to examine the success of the TAP. TAP.

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Satellite TelevisionSatellite Television Satellite television services are offered by Satellite television services are offered by

DirecTV Caribbean.DirecTV Caribbean. Internet systemInternet system Internet country code: .gyInternet country code: .gy Internet hosts: 6,218 (2008)[Internet hosts: 6,218 (2008)[citationcitation neededneeded]] Internet users: 225,129 (2010)Internet users: 225,129 (2010)

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Delivery serviceDelivery service Level I: Level I: Local Local HealthHealth PostsPosts (166 in total) that provide  (166 in total) that provide

preventive and simple preventive and simple curativecurative carecare for common  for common diseasesdiseases and attempt to promote proper health practices.  and attempt to promote proper health practices. CommunityCommunity healthhealth workersworkers staff them. staff them.

Level II: Health Centres (109 in total) that provide Level II: Health Centres (109 in total) that provide preventive and rehabilitative care and promotion preventive and rehabilitative care and promotion activities. These are ideally staffed with a medical activities. These are ideally staffed with a medical extension worker or public health nurse, along with a extension worker or public health nurse, along with a nursingnursing assistantassistant, a dental nurse and a midwife., a dental nurse and a midwife.

Level III: Nineteen District Hospitals (with 473 beds) that Level III: Nineteen District Hospitals (with 473 beds) that provide basic in-patient and outpatient care (although provide basic in-patient and outpatient care (although more the latter than the former) and selected diagnostic more the latter than the former) and selected diagnostic services. They are also meant to be equipped to provide services. They are also meant to be equipped to provide simple radiological and laboratory services, and to be simple radiological and laboratory services, and to be capable of gynecology, providing preventive and curative capable of gynecology, providing preventive and curative dental care. They are designed to serve geographical dental care. They are designed to serve geographical areas with populations of 10,000 or more.areas with populations of 10,000 or more.

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Delivery serviceDelivery service

Level IV: Four Regional Hospitals (with 620 beds) that Level IV: Four Regional Hospitals (with 620 beds) that provide emergency services, routine surgery and provide emergency services, routine surgery and obstetricalobstetrical and gynecological care, dental services,  and gynecological care, dental services, diagnostic services and specialist services in general diagnostic services and specialist services in general medicine and pediatrics. They are designed to include medicine and pediatrics. They are designed to include the necessary support for this level of medical service the necessary support for this level of medical service in terms of laboratory and X-ray facilities, pharmacies in terms of laboratory and X-ray facilities, pharmacies and dietetic expertise. These hospitals are located in and dietetic expertise. These hospitals are located in Regions 2, 3, 6 and 10.Regions 2, 3, 6 and 10.

Level V: The National Referral Hospital (937 beds) in Level V: The National Referral Hospital (937 beds) in Georgetown that provides a wider range of diagnostic Georgetown that provides a wider range of diagnostic and specialist services, on both an in-patient and out-and specialist services, on both an in-patient and out-patient basis; the Psychiatric Hospital in Canje; and patient basis; the Psychiatric Hospital in Canje; and the Geriatric Hospital in Georgetown. There is also one the Geriatric Hospital in Georgetown. There is also one children’s rehabilitation centre.children’s rehabilitation centre.

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EDUCATIONEDUCATIONGuyana's educational system is considered to be among the Guyana's educational system is considered to be among the

best in the Caribbean, but it significantly deteriorated in best in the Caribbean, but it significantly deteriorated in the 1980s because of the emigration of highly educated the 1980s because of the emigration of highly educated citizens and the lack of appropriate funding. Although the citizens and the lack of appropriate funding. Although the education system has recovered somewhat in the 1990s, education system has recovered somewhat in the 1990s, it still does not produce the quality of educated students it still does not produce the quality of educated students necessary for Guyana to modernise its workforce. The necessary for Guyana to modernise its workforce. The country lacks a critical mass of expertise in many of the country lacks a critical mass of expertise in many of the disciplines and activities on which it depends. The disciplines and activities on which it depends. The educational system does not sufficiently focus on the educational system does not sufficiently focus on the training of Guyanese in science and technology, technical training of Guyanese in science and technology, technical and vocational subjects, business management, and vocational subjects, business management, nor computer sciences. The Guyanese education system nor computer sciences. The Guyanese education system is modeled after the former British education system. is modeled after the former British education system. Students are expected to write NGSA[National Grade Six Students are expected to write NGSA[National Grade Six Assessment] for entrance into High School in grade 7. Assessment] for entrance into High School in grade 7. They write CXC at the end of high school. Recently they They write CXC at the end of high school. Recently they have introduced the CAPE exams which all other have introduced the CAPE exams which all other Caribbean countries have introduced. The A-level system Caribbean countries have introduced. The A-level system left over from the British era has all but disappeared and left over from the British era has all but disappeared and is offered only in a few schools. is offered only in a few schools.

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Guyana was inhabited by Arawak and Carib tribes of Guyana was inhabited by Arawak and Carib tribes of Native Americans. Native Americans. Although Christopher Columbus Although Christopher Columbus sighted sighted Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Dutch Dutch were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). The (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). The British British took control in the late 18th century, and took control in the late 18th century, and Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814. In 1831 Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814. In 1831 the the three separate colonies became a single colony three separate colonies became a single colony known as British Guyana.known as British Guyana.