Apps for Behaviour Change

Andrew  Nash  GreenCityStreets.com    TIDE  and  SUCCEED  Conference  

Leipzig  

May  28,  2015  

 

Outline  

•  Gamifica(on  –  a  technique  

•  Behaviour  change  •  Passive  behaviour  change:  use  •  Ac(ve  behaviour  change:  supply  •  Par(cipa(on:  supplying  sustainable  transport  

GamificaKon  

•  Gamifica(on  applies  the  fun  and  addic)ng  elements  in  games  to  real-­‐world  ac(vi(es.    

•  It  focuses  on  the  human  in  the  system,  as  opposed  to  pure  efficiency  of  the  system.  

•  When  it  comes  to  playing  games,  kids  have  amazing  work  ethics.  (Yu-­‐Kai  Chou)  

•  "gamifica(on  is  exci(ng  because  it  promises  to  make  the  hard  stuff  in  life  fun”  (Google).  

Game  QualiKes:  to  improve  society  

1.  Urgent  op(mism  (challenging  but  possible  tasks);    

2.  Social  fabric  (people  tend  to  like  people  beVer  aWer  playing  games  with  them);    

3.  Working  on  challenging  tasks  (people  are  happier  when  working  hard);    

4.  Games  provide  epic  meaning  (akin  to  purpose  in  the  real  world).  

Source:  Jane  McGonigal  

Core  Drives:  Yu-­‐Kai  Chou  -­‐  Octalysis  

1.  Meaning  (Wikipedia)  

2.  Challenges  (points,  badges,  leaderboards);  3.  Crea(vity  and  feedback  (Lego);  4.  Ownership  (virtual  goods,  stamp  collec(ng)  

5.  Social  connec(on  (compe((on,  coopera(on,  etc.);  

6.  Unpredictability  &  Curiosity  7.  Scarcity  8.  Loss  avoidance  

GamificaKon  

•  Not  just  for  games:  Game  designers  were  first  to  iden(fy  and  use  the  techniques;  

•  Gamifica(on  is  extremely  powerful;  

•  But,  gamifica(on  is  also  very  complex:  it’s  much  more  than  just  adding  points,  badges  and  leaderboards  to  websites;  

•  Get  professional  advice!  

Behaviour  Change  

Four  stages  of  behaviour  change:  

1.  Pre-­‐contempla(ve  stage  

2.  Contempla(ve  stage    

3.  Prepara(on/ac(on  stage  4.  Maintenance  stage  

 Source:  MAX-­‐SEM  from  EPOMM  website  

Stages  of  behaviour  change:  Example  

1.  Pre-­‐contempla(ve:  People  with  no  inten(on  to  reduce  their  car  use.  

2.  Contempla(ve:  People  thinking  about  reducing  their  car  use.  

3.  Prepara(on/ac(on:  People  who  have  a  strategy  and/or  have  tried  a  strategy  for  reducing  their  car  use  (e.g.  cycling  to  work).  

4.  Maintenance:  People  who  have  adopted  the  new  behaviour  and  formed  a  new  habit.  

 Source:  MAX-­‐SEM  from  EPOMM  website  

Passive  behaviour  change:  Use  sustainable  transport.  

   

AcKve  behaviour  change:  Provide  sustainable  transport.  

 

Passive:  use  sustainable  transport  

•  Mobility  management!  •  Apps  and  gamifica(on  can  help  by:  – Providing  informa(on  (how)  – Encouraging  behaviour  change  (why)  – Maintaining  new  behaviour  (support)  

•  Develop  and  apply  apps,  social  networks  and  gamifica(on  to  mobility  management.  

AcKve:  provide  sustainable  transport  

•  Informa(on  technology  has  vastly  increased  the  ability  of  people  to  par(cipate;  

•  This  increased  ability  to  par(cipate  is  revolu,onising  society.  

•  Here  are  some  cu0ng  edge  solu,ons  …  

How  do  people  provide  sustainable  transport?  

A.   Provide  informaKon  &  ideas  B.   Analyze  data  C.   Decide  (people  collaborate)  D.   Act  

InformaKon   Analyze   Decide   Act  

Support  

A.    Input:  simple  and  ubiquitous  

•  Social  media  •  ReporKng  applicaKons  •  Sensor  data  

Chicago  Transit  Authority  –  TwiZer  Feed  

Zurich  Public  Transport  Authority  –  Facebook  Page  

SeeClickFix  page  for  San  Francisco                  hVp://seeclickfix.com    

 Traffic  Check                                  hVp://www.trafficcheck.at/    

User  friendly  features  needed  for  mobile  phone  reporKng:  •  automaKc  geo  locaKon,  •  logical  informaKon  flow,    •  check  boxes  for  data  entry.    

Meine  Radspur,  Vienna          hVp://www.meineradspur.at/    

Street  Bump,  Boston                        hVp://streetbump.org/  

•  City  data  –  open  data  or  scraped.  •  CiKzen  data  –  cheap  sensors.  

B.    Data:  you  can’t  hide  

CiKzen  developed  applicaKons  and  visualizaKons  from  open  data.  Stumble  Safely,  Washington  D.C.  

WayCount  vehicle  counter  and  sobware        www.waycount.com    

Smart  CiKzen  sensor  and  sobware    hVp://www.smartci(zen.me/    

•  EducaKon  –  transport  is  complex  •  BeZer  processes  –  mee(ng  management  •  Increased  engagement  –  more  is  beVer  

C.    Decide:  collaborate  efficiently  

BusMeister  …  public  transport  learning        hVp://greencitystreets.com  

Improve  Public  Transport  wiki  …  crowd-­‐sourced  informaKon  about  public  transport.              hVp://greencitystreets.com  

VisualizaKon  ...  Par(cipatory  Chinatown  Boston      

Using  virtual  reality  to  help  understand  city  planning.  hVp://www.par(cipatorychinatown.org/    

VisualisaKon  of  street  cross  secKons...  streetmix    

hVp://streetmix.net  

San  Francisco  Mind  Mixer  website                www.improveSF.com    

Shareabouts  –  geo  collaboraKon                  openplans.org/work/shareabouts/  

GreenCityStreets.com  …  Facebook-­‐based  collaboraKon  

Loomio  –  public  infrastructure  for  collaboraKve  decision  making  www.loomio.org  -­‐  please  support  their  crowd  funding  effort!  

Ring  Ride  –  Game  to  encourage  par,cipa,on  www.ringstrasse150.com  

Grr-­‐Grr-­‐Bike  –  Game  for  educaKon  +  engagement.              www.grr-­‐grr-­‐bike.com    

D.    Act:  disrup,ve  change  

•  InformaKon  –  TwiVer  real  (me  transport  •  Civic  organisaKon  –  596  Acres,  Casserole  •  Sharing  society  –  P2P  ridesharing  •  Crowd-­‐sourced  civic  works  –  Kickstarter  •  DisrupKve  businesses  –  Uber,  Bridj  

InformaKon  exchange  and  organisaKon  …  596  Acres  

Using  games  to  influence  behaviour  …  Chromaroma  (London)  

Crowdfunding  for  civic  improvements  …  Kickstarter  

App-­‐based  public  transport  

Designing  passionate,  people-­‐powered  public  services    

Casserole  is  an  example  of  how  understanding  ci,zens  as  producers  as  well  as  consumers  leads  to  services  that  help  communi(es  turn  the  issues  they’re  passionate  about  into  ways  to  be  more  self-­‐sufficient  and  less  invested  in  expensive  public  services.    

Summary  

1. Gamifica(on  is  a  powerful  tool  for  behaviour  change.  

2.  Informa(on  technology  has  fundamentally  changed  the  role  of  government.  

3.  IT  applica(ons  enable  ac(ve  par(cipa(on  –  government  must  embrace  this  development.  

4.  Recognise  that  if  you  don’t  do  it  –  someone  else  will.  

Andrew  Nash  develops  engaging  public  par(cipa(on  applica(ons  and  games  designed  to  improve  city  livability  and  transport.    •  GreenCityStreets.com  •  Ringstrasse150.com/wp/  •  AndyNash.com