Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the...
-
Upload
transformeurope -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the...
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
1/33
Appropriating the EnvironmentHw Eu Isus Rcd Nl Id f E d Md TOw
J-H My
N. 31 | S 2011
WORKING PAPER
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
2/33
2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
KFG Working Paper Series
Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T T P E
T KFG W P Ss ss dss sc suls f Kll-Fscu y
ll d ulc. I s c cdc xc s wll s s d d
xs sc sc l d xl dus csss Eu d Eu U.
All KFG W Ps ll KFG ws www.sfu.u c dd
Cy f s ssu: J-H My
Edl sssc d duc: F Aus d C Bluu
My, J-H 2011: A E. Hw Eu Isus Rcd Nl Id
f E d Md T Ow, KFG W P Ss, N. 31, S 2011, Kll-Fsc-
u (KFG) T Tsf Pw f Eu, F Us Bl.
ISSN 1868-6834 (P)
ISSN 1868-7601 (I)
Ts ulc s fudd y G Rsc Fud (DFG).
F Us Bl
Kll-Fscu
T Tsf Pw f Eu:
T Eu U d Dus f Ids
Is. 26
14195 Bl
Gy
P: +49 (0)30- 838 57033
Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096
www.sfu.u
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
3/33
Appropriating the Environment | 3
Appropriating the Environment
How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the
Environment and Made it Their Own
J-Hk My
Abstract
El lcy s c f Eu U (EU) lcy , u
d lly fs Ty f R. Is c ly 1970s c ud-
sd s sul f sf f l lcy d f Eu ll. Ts
us qus c f Eu l lcy f dus f ds sc-
. R fcus ul-ll lcy ss c dus f l
ds f ll f l zs Eu Cus (EC) ly 1970s. I
lyzs w d wy s w ccs w u y Eu Cus d dd
scc sul fw f EC. S w f duc scl cx,
s xls s f f s lcl cc
cx f l zs . Scdly, lyss f s El Ac-
P f 1973 wll usd sw w EC cculzd , clud
d f ls d l ds. Tdly, s f s ds wll cd c
l dls, f UNESCO cfc M d Bs 1968 wds. I l
s, s xl dus d c f ds. I xs w s ds w
cd y EC, wc cs w ld s css, d wc css f dus lyd
l. T l s us cu d u sl dus f ds.
T A
J-Hk My ws s sss fss/sdcl fllw Aus
Usy, D, cll sc jc Tsl
Hsy. H cd s P.D. d sy f F Us
Bl (ulsd s T Eu ulc s. Md d Tsl
Cuc Eu , Su, Fz S Vl,
2010). As M Cu Psdcl Fllw Usy f Psu,
UK, sd w c f Eu l lcy.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
4/33
4 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Contents
1. I 5
2. C C 7
2.1 Mechanisms of Diusion 7
2.2 How to Analyze Environmental Ideas? 8
3. W D I b E C ? 9
4. W I W A? T E A
P 1973 12
5. W I M D EC D ? 15
5.1 UNESCO - Man and the Biosphere 1968 16
5.2 US - Naonal Environmental Policy Act 1969 18
5.3 Council of Europe - European Conservaon Year 1970 19
5.4 The UN Conference on the Human Environment 1972 20
5.5 Summary: Which Ideas were Included? 21
6. H Wy D EC R A
E I? 23
7. C 26
L 29
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
5/33
Appropriating the Environment | 5
1. I1
Wy dd l lcy ll f Eu Cus (EC) ly 1970s?
I s uzzl wy s l lcy wc ddssd csqucs f cc wws slsd w l z dd fs fu cc dl. I c
sly xld y sudy l fcs usud y s s l
ls f dl s-cc c EU sy (Ks 2006). E cs
sul lyss (Rsuss 2009) wc s l f Eu sus suc s
Eu Css (Sccl 2009), Cu f Jusc (K 2002) d Eu Pl
(EP) (My 2011) ly ccus f f sy. Als, s suc xl c f
l lcy sly s sul f -fucl sll- f C M (N/
Sc 2009). Wl w l l uls dd dd us cc -
ss d w Css u w scls d C M, ws
cssy duc full-dd sul l lcy. A c d csul-
cdu l ls f dl dw u y Oz f Ecc C d
Dl (OECD) (Eu Css 1971), z d-c ss uul
c wuld suc.
Wy EC Eu l lcy d d wy cludd s ls d -
cls d sslly ucd ul s, qus sudy f l lcy
ds d dus d c y lcl cs. Ts s cully cs f EC
l lcy ly 1970s, f w ss: Fs, f s f
lcy ws w. F l 1960s wds c dsc c-
f ls cs llu, cs f u d sucs wc qud
scc-sd ssss d uly clld f cs lcl slu (Els 2010: 124f).
Scdly, cc f dd f EC dd f w
s ss. Ts c d ws s dd dscus f xs d scss
cx f l zs cus f 1960s. Iucd y clcl
dls sss ccdss f ll l ss y d u d s ls s
ll d ld (Hd 2004: 146f, 155; McCc 1995: 55-57). Wl f cus u
f s xs ld f EC ss, ss (ly Gy) qucly fllwd
xl f Ud Ss (US) (Mll 1986: 88, 2009: 81), w d s dd s lcy y Nx ds w Nl El Plcy Ac f 1969
d sls f ul El Pc Acy 1970, wc cd
cl f , w, scds, sld ws d d zds (Js 1973: 86; R 2003: 551;
Vcy 2004: 116).
1 Ts sc ws sud y KFG T Tsf Pw f Eu FU Bl, fudd y
G Scc Fud (DFG), d y M Cu I Eu Fllws d M Cu Eu
R G w 7 Eu Cuy Fw P. T x d sly
f dscuss w fw f KFG, ws Hw ds Eu dus FU Bl,
zd y Aj Jsc d Osld Slds d R Eu I Rsc Gu
fw f C f f Md Eu Suds (CEMES) Sx Isu C,
zd y M Rsuss, Dc 2010.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
6/33
6 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
A l zs Eu, EC ws l l l lcy.
Tus EC ws l dw xs l ds f l ll. G -
ly f ssu, EC dcs-s w y f lcy ds f usd. W dw u
s sls, Css ly cludd w f cs f lzs (Eu Css 1971: Ax C).
I c ys, dus d Euz sc s fcusd EUs x f -
l lcy ds d dls (Tws 2002). Hw, ly dys f EC l lcy,
Eu sus w cully s f lcy ds. Ts ds xcll cs f sudy
css f c f ds. Hss l szd sf f ds ws
l -d- ls u clx d slc s (Es/W 1987; W/
Z 2006), wc cs lyd y c l. I c ys, s sc s -
csly czd y lcl scc ss (Bzl 2010). Ac ssu f suc
sc, I d ssu d wlsl s. R, I sd d u wc
scs w f wc sucs (d wc w u), d w y w d
fw f w lcy. S f s ssus, s qus w ds
u s lcy w dusd , dd y d dd EC.
T lyss wll cd ss, c f dus. Fs, cxul c wll d
w f s f w cc, lly sd c lu l
sy, ddss qus: Hw d w dd d f s lcy -
l lcs y ly 1970s? Scdly, I wll csd wc ds w cully dd
EC El Ac P (EAP) f 1973. Ts dcu cdd c ds d cls
f EC l lcy d s f fc ul Sl Eu Ac f 1987,
w clly c EC lcy. Tdly, I wll qu dls EC dw
l ll. I wll fcus dcls d lsl f UNESCO, US, Cucl
f Eu (CE) d UN w 1968 d 1972. Ts w slcd ls cus l
cfcs d US lsl w fcl s f dscusss f s ds Eu (Hd
2005: 128-131; Js 1973: 110-115; Pujd 1975: 231-233). I ws y w lcd
d f ulcs d lcy-s l. Fuly, I wll c w d wy s ds w cd
d d. I wll lyz l f d sus s ccss us f ds. I ssu
cs dcs cs wc ds u, u ls d dd ds f ds w cx (W/Z 2006: 38). Dw lu
css f dus, I wll y dw s ccluss s wy s scc s f lcy
ds ws dd y EC.
Bf lyss slf, I wll d f duc lycl ccs su-
squly usd. Fs, scl scss sd us css f dus xl s-
f d c f ds. Scdly, I wll xl w f c lyzd s
c d d dsus, c d c l scs.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
7/33
Appropriating the Environment | 7
2. C C
2.1 Mechanisms of Diusion
Scl scc z s u f css wc c usd xl dus f
ds. Ts css c sysclly d us wys (.. F 2010). T susqu
w (s Tl 1) sslly dws xy susd y Bzl d Rss (2009: 9-12). I
sus lyss f dus f l ds EC wll, sc ls sc
ls d lcs f c f sds d cs f ds.
Table 1: Mechanisms of Diusion; Relaon between Sender and Recipient
S M M L A R S R R
Cc u Fc Ll Isus
Isul Rly Dominance f Sd Weakness:SussOdcFl, suclccc (dssly) cssc
Mul f Uly
Clculs
Isul Rly Dominance of Sender:
Us f slccs: wds duss
Weakness:
Ad, s fcs, dl
Sclz Lc f Ass
Slight dominance fSdsds s:ccd s dl
Acve Appropriaonf ds csddly su
Psus CucRly
Balanced Relaon:
sd s dw ccus
Balanced Relaon:
Rc y ccu
Eul IsulRly;Lc fAss
Passive Role of Sender:
dl f ccc; dl
Recipients Iniave:
L: lssdwMcy: sucl
Source: drawing on Brzel/Risse 2009: 9.
F css dsusd, wc y w d xcd s f u-
c, s wll s udly lcs f scl c, .. (1) l-cc-syl sul -
ly, (2) ly/lc f ss d (3) Hs cuc ly,
wc ls c s d ds u dscus d fc f u (Rss
2000: 1). T s w css, ly, cc d ul f uly clculs sd
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
8/33
8 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
lc f w w sd d c f ds d lc f sul
ly. Cc ls sd c s s ds c y fc lw,
us cc dc suss. W cc s y c d f
sf f ds lds sucl - dds lly s sujcs w ds. I s ss, sds ul f cs uly clculs d
sls cs c l u. T s ssu y sd-
wds d ( f) uss, c s cud d w su
y d w ds. T d cs f sclz s sd lc f ss.
Wl sds w dl s u d ly su l, c-
s cud w s d scl ccc. T fu c-
s sus s sd cuc ly. Sds ds y d d
cc ss. Rcs w y fc f u. B sclz d
sus fcld y ws. N ssus d cuus llcul xc
sd ld cllc dss c ud sd ds w ws, ..
sc cus (Hs 1992). Eqully cduc d f ds f usd sus
f ucy f c. Rcs wll ds f s -ss,
cl d sus s f clu c ws f (Ccl 2005: 813).
Flly, cs f ul ds qu c d fcful f ds
f sd. Rcs c w u lss-dw, .. y s d
lcs s w cly l ls f sul ly u cy,
sly suclly , d ccd y l s l ls f lc f
ss. I dscuss lw, l f s dl-ycl css wll xld
d xl c f l ds.
2.2 How to Analyze Environmental Ideas?
Hw c l ds lyzd? I ly 1970s, f -
slf, us w s d ccs (suc s s csys) w ducd
dscus . Ts ccs usd dsc d d, dscuss d sc
ls sujcd l lcy. I d ss f ulud f c-y s, s usful fllw V Scd d s c
d (wc y css d s). Scd (2008: 306) suss dsus w (1)
d f s sc, (2) ls ddssd d (3) ssl (ds f) slus, clud
sus usd. Fs, s Dyz (2005: 17f) s ld, d f sc f s ds
y sd d c: ssus u cl xs f l (
cuu w ll d lcl), u l c f d u (Is -
ls u cs wld ls u l sul?), u ul lws d lcs (suc s
dc f clcl lc, wc s csly c ud ccs c
ys (.. Rclf 2009: 199)). Scdly, ls cludd (s ds f w s ssud
) f d f c d. W y s: Wc ls
ld? W ss f ls d w s l? Tdly, slus susd
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
9/33
Appropriating the Environment | 9
y cs dc w x c d f s fc
lcl d cll f lcl c. Quss sd f sc: Wc d f lcl
ss d w d f sus clld f? Wll cly d
suc? Wc ssus u s d s (Dyz 2005: 17f) ld (d duc, cd d cl, cc cs)? Aly s d f lycl
dscs (s Tl 2), I wll l sysclly juxs d c d ss f
c d f dcus d, y c dus d slc
.
Table 2: The Programmac Idea of the Environment: an Analycal Framework
C
Sbq
(1) D f sSc
) Gcl Sc w Glld Lcl
) Rl Icf M d Nu
c) Assus uNul Lws dLcs
(2) Pc fPls
) Wc Pls?(D fwc Ns)
) Rss f Pls?
c) W s ssl l?
(3) SussdSlus
) D f PlclI
) Rl f Tclyd M
c) Assus uAs d Ms
3. W D I b E C ?
Cc u w w cll dy s ly w. F l 19 cuy wds,
Ws Eu d USA, sd cs f duslz sd czs ccs.
Cls u w ws dscd l s s llu (ly f w) ll s s
uscs l s d s w uc d ccslly ld ds uls.
Hl ssus w cl s sc (R 1996: 11-15). T dsuc f scc ss uuds y dusy d-uld, d-u usd s d ds f s ly us
csss w w ly d y -d, c d sc dls, u fquly
ls y l cc u usd xl f ul sucs (D 1996: 1).
Nlss, fc f s ld s f u c d cs, s f -
ls d f 1960s s fudlly w du. Fs, cc f -
dd c f w d usly d s dscly s ls. Tus,
zd c f ls d fcld cs c ssus s d-
s s ucl w, dusl d usld ws, d w llu, ld us d u swl,
suc us s wll s u l c. Scdly, ly dd css wd
f ls f sl wl, ls susd s ls w ll sc.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
10/33
10 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Tdly, f ws lcl cc. T cllc cc f
ws sujcd ulc lcy d lcl ds dcs-. T
s f l fcd s cl. Fuly, s sd sc ccs
f cs , scc ws csdd c y wc jud d sll ls (Els 2010: 124f). Eclcl ds, wc d d c s-
w d, w cl wy ws cculzd (Ws 1994: 350-372). Ecly
dscd l s cs, d csys, s, cczd y cycls f
us d uul ddcy f ss clx syss. T fudl ssu
ws l u ws ul lc w ll s s. F clcl sc-
, u d us s lc, wc s
l u u sul s. T f scs , wc d c
cx f s lu ld 1969, susd ws sc f lu l
(Cs 1994: 289f; Hl 2008; Js 1973: 89). Tus, lly, clcl ds cud
ss f ucy cczd ls (Ws 1994: 353).
Hw dd s l d f qu u lcl c lcl d
y d f 1960s ll f l zs d l s?
El sy sc s ld cc f d
1960s xs d dls dl w ssus f llu d cs cx f
l zs suc s Il U f Pc f Nu (IUPN),
CE, UN OECD. Il zs w sul f (c)
d, sl xc f f d s d cud scs
ll sc (Hd 2003, 2004: 126-141; Ks l. 1978: 118, 122). T Il
Blcl P (IBP), f sc, ws y c sclz d/ sud sl
cuy f scs clcl , f lly ccc l d
cs lcl ducy f l (Ws 1994: 372f). T UNESCO cfc M d
Bs Ps 1968 ld f lc IBP w w sc d M d
Bs d d s ulc cc f ssu (Bss 1971: 2).
T ulc d u l ls d cd dly y d f 1960s. Illy
ssll s suc s Rcl Css (1962) Sl S sd wss f lc c-
squcs f dsc us f scds (Ts 2009). Pulcs l Pul Elcs (1968) ucdscussd Pul B G Hds (1968) l cc sd lyss w s
sly scl Tdy f Cs (f ccl w Fy l. 1990) d Mlus
ds u csqucs f ufd ul w (Ws 1994: 353f). Ts d d
1972 w ulc f f Clu f R Ls Gw (Mdws l.
1972). T sudy dd ucdd cu-clculd d susd xl -
ul w d us f sucs wuld xus sucs ll l fuu,
us ss f l (Fy 2006; Sdc 1978). Md u l
ssus csd y cus d f 1960s d ly 1970s, f sc US
d UK (Bs l. 1976: 249; Sdc 1978: 100). El dsss, suc s l sll
cusd y su- Ty Cy cs f Su Eld 1967 d lwu f
l l S B 1969 w lly dzd ls f s .
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
11/33
Appropriating the Environment | 11
Ty dd cll s f dy ds cud w ss f l css
ls (scs f) l ulc (Js 1973: 82-85). Ts s ls sd w
ydy xc f w llu culd fl dld wld dcds f
ucdd w d clcl dl (Ku 2003: 326-328; McCc 1995: 68-70).
T UN cfc u , ld Scl Ju 1972, d l
u f d f s f lcy. I u-u cfc f
1970, wds l s ducd s l su sc
cus. I y, s s d sc d scl f l l llly
sl f s . M, l f cls lly w
fllw cls w sl ssus f cfc cd l u-
s f sclz, sus d f f sc cus (Hs 1990), cu
l s s u w l lcs. T c f l u f
-l zs (NGOs) d julss ddlly cd s f ulcy -
fcd s f w d ulc dscus (Hd 2004: 244-255, 277f; Ts
Fu 1974).
I sls f l lcy EC d s ss, Ud Ss lyd
l s dl d l d s. Cz s l ssus
ws lly s ldy 1960s (R 2003), f E Dy (22 Al 1970),
sd f css Alc w s (Js 1973: 85; Lz 1970; McCc
1995: 78; R 2010). T Nx ds cd s lcy u, d d fcful
c 1969. I slsd Nl El Plcy Ac qu ul
s f d s u Cucl El Quly d susquly wful
El Pc Acy (EPA) (Ks l. 1978: 111; Vcy 2004: 116).
As ws ducd y Ws suw d lly s dcd cuy Ws
Wld, w US l lcy ws ly sd y l Eu lcy s.
Alu s ccu ws f w Gulls -Ac clcs, s Fc s f
R Pujd s w d u w fud du s s f-
s Ws l Mcqu d l, .. Mcc f 1972
(Pujd 1975: 231-233).
I ly 1970s Nx ds su cly x l lcy s NATO
s us s s w Ws llc d s ly ul uly clculs. T
US ds usd f s u C Clls f Md Scy (CCMS) w
NATO. NATO s w cud l sc, s wld d
us s ss f scc-sd lcl dcs-. T Nx ds dd -
s l f scuy, wc llwd us f NATO s l fu
l zs, wc s uc ws ld. T lly luc Eu
s suscd Ac ds f w d f dssus dl-
s f V W (Hd 2004: 141-146; Lz 1971). Eully, Eu
s w w y s c f sc l f dusy d y
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
12/33
12 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
sdw f US w dssl f Ws Eu scuy. A Bs cl 1971 u lly:
[W] l w [...] CCMS ly f lcl ss s d Eu cus (qud
Hl 2010: 59; slly Sculz 2010: 316f). Hw, du Eu s lucc, NATOs
CCMS d sslly ld sc. T US sd wlsl f USl lcy NATOs ss w y l sls l scuy
s ud cc (Sculz 2010: 316f). T xl us ls dss l s d
slc f c d, su f s lcs f w.
W US x f l ds luy f ccs y cly dw
US dl d s s Mll (2009: 81) sd w sc G l
lsl qus fu sc, cul w sc l css. I y cs,
ls lly dw US xl, u f EC ss d ccss cus suc
s Gy, Fc Ud Kd (Bss 2003: 83f; M 2008: 9; McCc 1991: 16f; U
2003: 485) dld l lcy s s u ss f
1970/71. I ws s cx EC slsd l lcy, s w Fs
El Ac P f 1973.
4. W I W A? T E A P 1973
T EAP f N 1973 (Cucl f Eu Cus 1973) s y udsd
susqu l lcy f EC/EU. I cdd cc f d dd
ls f lcy-. Sc ws y s ld f -
l lcy, EAP c s f fc f susqu lsl. Tus
cls d ls uld EAP lyd y l Eu l lcy wc ws
uly sd susquly y c -ddcs.2 My f cl cls slsd
ly 1970s cud c f l lcy, clus f
l lcy s Sl Eu Ac 1987 d duc f w
sus u f llu (Jd l. 2003). E uucc su f ul-
ul c s s sll us.
T s EAP f 1973 slls u cls d jcs f w EC l lcy. E f
xlc d f s s, s d lss cl jc f
lcy s ul (Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P I, Tl I). Hw,
sc f f ws ly qu cus ly 1970s, s
y dcus ducd y Css ds. I Fs Cuc f 22 July
1971, Css sd w y sd s lly ccd d f -
: [I csd] ll ls wc, c clx fs, s wld wc
2 I ddss qus f ssl dd dls Eu l lcy ul
1990s y M Cu R G Pjc Tsl Nws Eu El
Plcy P Dd L (2010-13).
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
13/33
Appropriating the Environment | 13
w l d d u (Eu Css 1971: 1). Ts d ws fd y
clcl ds d ll c.
Aly, s d d lss lly ccd cd. I Scd Cucf 24 Mc 1972 Css dd w d ws uc d sc. I dd-
lly cludd scl d culul ccs. T Css susd sus s:
in the physical environment, reducon in polluon and nuisances, urban and rural planning, the estab-
lishment of transport and communicaons systems, etc.; - in the social environment, the improvement
of welfare systems, income, job, security working condions, housing, educaon, etc.; - in the cultural
environment, the preservaon of urban and rural sites of interest and beauty spots, the improvement of
teaching and informaon, cultural and leisure facilies(Eu Css 1972: 10f).
Of cus, sc-cc d lwys cl EC cc ld dw s
(S 2009). Suc d f ls ld susl l f xd
EC ccs (Pl 2005: 175). Fu, culul d sc ccs w ssus
s ss suc s Fc (Rudlf 2005: 364) d fd csu l f ld
cs d sd f sc y NGOs suc s Il Ns (.. K/M 2008:
264f). Hw, ul EAP, EC d c w ws c w l c-
ssus d scd s d ul ly.
Nlss, sc-cc ccs lyd cl l s EAP. F ll ss, sc
w lcy d slsd w cs f sc f Ty f R, Hds f
S d G Ps Oc 1972 dcld l lcy cfd
l f Ty f R. I cul, y fd Ty ls f cs
f l d w cds d us dl f cs
(Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Iduc). Hw, y dlly dd
s jcs l w cy l d . I cul,
y d us f f quly f lf, wc ws cl cc Scl cf-
c su f 1972. T susd l f qul s f l cds,
cl qu dc f sdd f l (Cucl f Eu Cus
1973: P 1, Iduc).
T jcs f Cuy l lcy slld u EAP dc f sc
f c d f : O d, cc s ll d fd y
clcl ly. T Cuy cd l c w ss d -
l zs. T dcu d clcl ccs u c f s
(s ll y) d clcl lc d szd d
xl f sucs d u. O d, l w fudl jc
s d quly f lf l u s d cl. Ts ws sd s
cu ss clly udsd s qul cc w. T l f
lcy ws us ccl xs w csly d s ul
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
14/33
14 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
(Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Tl I). Suc cculz d
y ll c w cy cc u ls w (Mdws l. 1972)
w lcy f s suc us, dcd .. y Css Msl (Msl 1972;
Pl 2005: 174). M ccly, l ls ddssd w fllw: l-lu d uscs, w cds d ss f lf, xl f sucs d f
u, l scs w l d ld us d l cc u d
clcl lc (Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Tl I).
T EAP slsd l cls f Cuy l lcy (Cucl f Eu
Cus 1973: P 1, Tl II) s slus l l. F lycl ss I
sus u s cls ys f slus: (1) , l , (2)
sc d clcl dl, (3) duc, (4) l c d (5) EC c.
T uucc dl f l ws c f ECs c d -
l d, ly us f s f l lcy cls: T l f
cl ws - llu f s. G s w lcd clcl xs s
s d cc d scl ss. T cl f ly f l
ccs sslly ducd d f l c ssss s dc f fs
uucc dcs-. T cl f d xl f sucs d u ws
fd y cc u clcl lc. Nul sucs w udsd
ld, s ws us ccy s llu. Tus, l , clss
dsuc, ws dd cssy. T llu ys cl ws d cc dsc-
llu, sslly ly -sd su f ul (Jd l. 2003). G
u f xcs sl u, w, d cs lc f s
cl sd lly.
Scc sc d clcl ss w lcd sc f llu. Rsc
s s ws cud. G sul sus s -
sc c, s sd sul f EC c. Fu, cz duc u
ws dcld f y c, sd xc s wss
wuld s czs ssly f fuu s. Ts ws f fw l us
y ul s.
Il c ws ld s ssl ddss l l ws
csdd ll sc. T dcu xlcly fd suls f Scl cf-
c: f css-d llu, cc f dl cus -
l sus culd cc w, f sc y l ccss Eu s.
M, ll c scc sc d l lcy ws cud, sd
ssu xsd wld clcl cls d ddc f
cs f wld (Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Tl II). T us f
cy cc f ddc, wc ws sslly 1970s qul w w cll
llz dy (Mcs 2009: 258), suss clclly d cclly wld ws
csdd ld ll scl.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
15/33
Appropriating the Environment | 15
T cls l EC sus cd s ccs u dsu f c-
cs Eu sus. Rsd G dds, l
c ws s ll. Ts ul ws dd l s f l
d s s EC. Isly u, w l lcy us ducd wus susdy cl l l (C 1999: 293f). Slly, jcs f -
z d cd f l lcs w w su s fuc f
sl (Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Tl II) f sdd
cy ls f EC lcy f duc f cl f uul c
1980s (Yu 2010: 110-112).
Cc sus w xdd s: 1. Ac duc d llu
d uscs, 2. Ac d ss f lf, d 3. Cuy c ,
w lcl, c c y M Ss l zs dl w
(Cucl f Eu Cus 1973: P 1, Tl III). I cc, duc f
llu d uscs ws sd duc d sddz f scc c c-
c w, d s. T d f quly jcs ws s s ss f dcss, d
susqu d sullc u ws. H, fc ws ls d
wld sys sd y UN. Vus xls f cc c w slld u, ..
d llu ducs, R s f sd s d cc l f
c sc . S f s y s w slcd s c ws ldy udwy
l ll.
I s, c d f slld u EAP cludd d cd -
us ccs f ds l ll. Hw, s ds w d d
dd scc fw f cc cuy wc cud d ss ss-
lly s f cc w. W dd EC w s ds u f?
5. W I M D EC D ?
W d s Fs Cuc [] Cuys lcy 1971, Eu Css d cs f us l zs f
, suc s UN d s susdy zs l Ecc Css f Eu
(ECE), UNESCO Wld Hl Oz (WHO), NATOs CCMS, s wll s f
l s suc s OECD d Cucl f Eu (CE) s w (Eu
Css 1971: Ax C).
Sc s ssl c ll l zs c ld f
, ll s d EC dcus, I slcd UN d l l
zs w l sc s wll s l US lsl, wc dc f
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
16/33
16 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
lsl cc usd f EC.3 Clly, l ds w cslly dscussd ls
w s zs. Hw, d c f sc l z-
s cculz f , I ld y cl sl l dcus f
s ul l cfcs ld y s zs.
T UNESCO cfc M d Bs 1968 ws s lc
l lcl d. I ducd ll clcl cc f s d
clld f lcl c. T Ac Nl El Plcy Ac f 1969 ws ly c
f l lsl d l f fc. T cfc f Cucl f
Eus Eu Cs Y 1970 Ssu sd susl
ssu Eu (Js 1973: 110-115). Flly, s s d s ulcly sl , UN
cfc Hu E Scl 1972 ws cludd. M, UN cfc
dly cdd dcs y EC su f Ps f 1972 sls l lcy
d cll l ss f B 31 Oc 1972 s u s y cls.
Wl Css s d ud wy sc 1971, UN cfc clly cd s clys
f cully sls EC l lcy.
5.1 UNESCO Man and the Biosphere 1968
C cc f s dd s slf-cd d udd scs (Hl
2008; UNESCO 1970: 185) UNESCO cfc M d Bs ws s l
cs, ll c wds . Pusly, cfcs d
ld scc scl ls suc s llu (Hd 2004: 139). Ul sus-
qu s, [] Il Cfc f Exs Scc Bss f Rl Us d
Cs f Rsucs f Bs s ws clly clld ws sll dd y sc-
c xs, cls. M 300 cs f 60 cus d
Ps (Plu 1969: 187) dscuss d ulz cc f s. T cfc
dd . T s dscd sys f ll l s d s ls sd y
ld lcl csss, f sc sl w. T s ws udsd
css f us csyss. I s ul s, ws ssud lcd sys. Nlly, s ws xl u sys -sls s ul qulu f dsud y
u. Hw, us f cfc wd lscy f s [ws]
ld. Pul w d scl c s d d s
lc. Csquly, y clld f s slu s l: lz-
f us f sucs f s wld-wd scl s , f ssfcy l cd-
s f fuu s ud(UNESCO 1970: 194). T cl d ssud y
cfc ws uy ws us clcl d f l ccd s ul
qulu. Hu sul, u wll- d u l sd us dd.
3 As dfs ssc, NATO ws cd, u sd u f jc
f Ac ds d uc.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
17/33
Appropriating the Environment | 17
T cds f cfc dd cc xls f ls c fl
lc, clud ly w s cl c. Pllu y ccls d dc -
ls, l f c dxd lc f s, d f sl
d quc s, cs f w lc, lss f l d l scs d lc f s. E f us dd u y l y cc c, y d
s w sd-cs f wlc dl, ly f u
cd (UNESCO 1970: 210). T d w f uz, duslz d ul w
xlcly d s cuss (UNESCO 1970: 204).
T cfc l uss dl cc f cs ds c l 19
cuy. Ts fd cs f u d ul sucs, clud wl d
-wl s (Cs 2009: 336; Sll 2007: 9). Hw, w ws ls
usd, .. l f sc D f . Hw, wl cc f
s dd s fc qulu, dl s f u, f
fl - ws ly clsly sscd w dsuc d llu
(UNESCO 1970: 204, 210).
T cfc wd s l sly f ds s, d d
csly lus su d ll scl f l. A u f slus w
susd: A f d l , cly ws xcd sl -
l. Fquly ud, cly ws ldy ll d sly dd
lyd. W s ws cs, sc d dl wuld ud
d slus. T slus dcd w w ld cly d cccy. T
xlcly clld f lcl . T xs sd ws cssy c
ll d ds ls d csd l y cc dl.
S d d u lc f ulc udsd d fqu sc f
l (UNESCO 1970: 204). Scss cds w us ld scc ccs.
Of cus, y ddd j l sc c wld u c-
syss, u cly d l us f sucs. Bl w f l, y
clld f c l duc. I w ws uusul f scss ,
cfc ld ss, l zs d -l -
zs c (UNESCO 1970: 210-228). T cfc sud d f UN cfc ld 1972 d dscussd ls f clcl c f dl sssc w
w l ds f s (UNESCO 1970: 230-233).
Tus, wl scc f s, UNESCO cfc dd -
s lcz f l d. I clly slld u c s
f ls f s : ss f ucy, scc udsd f ls,
wss f ll sc d l f lcl slus (Els 2010: 124f). W dcly
dcly, EC dw us ccs s sd UNESCO cfc: d cc
f s, c f ucy d ll u f ssu d us d
f l c - cc f l us f sucs, d l
sus qud scc s, d cll f ducl .
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
18/33
18 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
5.2 US Naonal Environmental Policy Act 1969
T US Nl El Plcy Ac f 1969 d ly cc u ls -
(d l lcy), wc ws susquly sld us lus. Tls sd usfully cl d dsc w lcy (.. M-Glc
1997: 157; Sculz 2006: 3, f. 6). T ws xlcly dd c, u ws usd
cly w ul . Hw, y s us, w c ss
w cc s ly. M ws fquly juxsd u s .
A s , xlc l f lw ws su xsd duc y.
Accdly, xlc f c ws d d s. Suc
ls cl us f s suss succss f d s y s
cfc. Clly, ws cculzd clcl s, s ls f
ll cs f ul . Wl s cfc ws
sll sscd w llu, El Plcy Ac f s s -
. Als cc f ss csly udsd f ll sc (Nl
El Plcy Ac 1970: Sc.2, Sc.101). I cus f 1970s, ly u
f slwly cwdd u sc scc f s. I
El Plcy Ac s wll s susquly EAP s c usd ls
cly.
T l d slld u c s y sl f s cfc
cd y. Ms c ws l. T dd f
ws cd s csquc f ul w, uz, dusl xs, suc x-
l d w cls. As s cd l ws d s -
l quly s wll s ll wlf d dl f (Nl El Plcy
Ac 1970: Sc.101). Ts ld ccl w lly cc u ly qully
ls, ly -sls clcl lc, s wll s fwd ss f
cc dl.
I s scs, c d cd ld cs d ly c
f l us f c d sc ss. A f sf, lful, duc,
dl suuds, s suld qully sclly d culully ls. Accdly, sc,culul s wll s ul scs f l w cludd (Nl El Plcy
Ac 1970: Sc.101 (102),(104)). E f y w lly sd Scd Cuc f
Css (1972: 10f), s scs ully dd c f Eu EAP.
T Ac slld u u f cc sus. S f s sus cd l
ls s u y s cfc. Ty w susquly ls u EAP. Ts cludd
cll f sc clcl syss d sucs, f sls scc ss f ,
l d dcs , f l c, d f cful us f sucs. O
sus, suc s sl f cycl s wll s duc f l c ssss-
f lsl d c w sslly w (Nl El Plcy Ac 1970:
Sc.101, 102). Ts ds w cully u EAP, .
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
19/33
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
20/33
20 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Eu dusy (.. f scds) d z f l lsl. Fu,
cfc sd sls f Eu uy f d -
llu fud. I ws xcly s s, EC c c (Cucl f Eu 1970: 3).
5.4 The UN Conference on the Human Environment 1972
As dcd , UN cfc u d u f -
f s lcy. I dd fu dly sls s
ssu f lcy . T l dcu ds ss u cculz f
dcd y cfc.
T ws dd s ul d cd d sd y .
I f P s, w f sf s ws cld s ly
u dl d uy c quly f lf (Ud Ns 1972:
3). A s , ws ssl f csqucs f s cs. If s w ws dlssly
ld, ws l d clcull u s d u (Ud
Ns 1972: 3).T l l cusd y s lc wd csd llu-
f w, , d cus, ulc f clcl lc f s, d-
suc d dl f lcl sucs, d ls l d w
d u l (Ns 1972: 3).
T s f cfc ws c sll dl u c l quly
u full wld d ws c. Dl ws fc dd ssl f su
ful l d w f d f c cds cssy
f f quly f lf(Ud Ns 1972: 4). Ts ls sc fud s wy
EC EAP, wc fd d ud dl ccdc w quly qus
d w cds d ss f lf (Cucl f Eu Cus
1973: P 1, Tl I).
El ls dl cus w slly csdd sul f lc f dl- dd cld y s d cly. Ul UNESCO dcu,
xlc fc ws d ssss dc l c f dl sus.
T UN dcl xlcly sd l lcs w dsly c dl
cus us w. Ts sc ws ls ld EAP, s ws f
cus l d css ds. A, UN cfc clld f scc ,
scc sc d duc, ssus culd cd c UNESCO cfc (Ud
Ns 1972: 4f).
T UN dcu ly ucd l u f ssus szd Eu EAP suc
s l ssly, u ls c cc dl. Nlss,
y f l csds, ly d f l , sc d duc-
, d ldy d sc UNESCO cfc.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
21/33
Appropriating the Environment | 21
5.5 Summary: Which Ideas were Included?
W y c s f c ccs f EAP w sc (1) d
d sc, (2) l s ld d (3) slus susd, s s s ws l w d ls d slus. A s s, ls sd
l lly sd clcl cc f s s. Hw,
y ds clly sus d s scss d lcy s ud
l d cc ls.
T cc f EAP dw clcl s ld s
dd c UNESCO cfc. T ws cl EAP d
d y US us d susquly y UN cfc. I 1970, Cucl f Eu sll -
d cd ld cs. T EC clly d f .
T EAP szd l f l c d ccld w d f
cc w d scl ccs. Ts ccs w cd s f quly f lf d
dl, f wc w cl s UN cfc. Slly, US lsl d
ldy szd d u w xs duc y, d d scl
d cc ds f s d fuu s (Nl El Plcy Ac 1970: Sc.
101).
T c ls ld css ll dcus w llu d xcss suc us. T EC ls
cludd l d w cds s s ldy szd y UN cfc d
fsdwd y l ccs US lsl. T qus f ld us, wc d cl
cc du Eu Cs Y, ws qully cludd. Scs d wldlf c,
szd y UNESCO d Cucl f Eu w ly d, f susquly
cus f 1970s u d scclly d c cully c f EC
l lcy (My 2010c). Slly, EAP dd d ld sc
d culul ccs d fd US d Cucl f Eu, lu s d ds-
cussd EC ccls d sll ly d Csss Scd Cuc f
Mc 1972.
I s f ds, EC d w d c sdd lx sc 1968: ,sc, duc d l c. Fllw d d ldy y Cucl f
Eu, EC ls dcd duc f Eu s d sdds. I s cx, EC
ws l dw s w sul ccs d cls l z. I ls d
u f s dd dcly f dcus dscussd :
cl wc fd y US d f c ssss ws cly cludd
EAP cll f ly f l ccs .. dl lcy. T l-
lu ys cl d s ducd y Cucl f Eu 1968. T CEs Dcl
A Pllu Cl d clld Eu lsls sc s cl w dw u lsl-
(Cucl f Eu 1969; Rdu 2011: 126).
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
22/33
22 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Aly EAP cs d l cssus d dld y 1972, clud
d lc sc-cc d l ccs szd y UN cfc, -
duc f d ly (f cs) d scc (
sc) d f w dd cd. T fllw l ds w f c ds l dls d EC EAP:
Table 3: Recepon of Environmental Ideas
UNESCO 1968 US 1969 C
E 1970
UN 1972 E
A P
1973
Cc d
D
Bs:
clcl
lc, ll
sc
E:
s
El
quly
El
Plcy
Cs:
Eclcl
lc
El
Quly:
s
Dl &
Quly f Lf
E Plcy:
I S &
Quly f Lf:
Exs /
Dl &
E:
clcl lc &
s
Pls D:
Pllu
Scs
[sd cs f
s]
Exl f
sucs
Pllu
Hl /
duc
Rsuc us
Asc,
culul
Pllu
Wldlf
Exl f
Rsucs
Asc
Ld us
Pllu
L/w
cds
Exl f
Rsucs
Sl s
Nuscs &
Pllu
L/w
cds
Exl f
Rsucs
Ld us
Slus Rl
suc us
Rsc
Educ
Scc-sd
Ic
ssss
Rsc
M
Rsc
Educ
M
Rsc
Educ
1. M:
P,
d suc
xl, ly
f .
ccs, lluys
2. Rsc &
Tcly
3. Educ
H cd c d d f l ds f l ll EC,
l sc wll s xl l f d EC sus c f l
ds d wll y xl wy s ds w d EAP.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
23/33
Appropriating the Environment | 23
6. H Wy D EC R A E I?
W y xl wy s scc s f l ds ws cd d d
EAP, s usful s csd l f d EC sus s css. Esslly -l ds d sus: Cucl f Mss s s f
ss; Eu Css, wc ws ld s flly s
Cuy lsl; d Eu Pl, wc l w Ecc d Scl
C (ESC) ws ly csul dy . T l cc f succssfully
lcl d (My 2012; Pc 2009) dd ly w s us. Wl Cucl
ws dssl dcs-, cucl w f Css ly s ccy s
d y d cs f sls. EP uc ws sly ccuscd, w, su
s ssus dd l y duc s s w , y dw u
slus d y s ly quss (My 2011).
E u EC ws uly l z, ss d w-
ful d ss. T duc f ul l sus f 1969 wds d
susqu f Eu Cucl 1974, w cully dd lc s
c ds s (.. My 2010: 105-107). M ss u l ds f
w l ds, f w dss f l d csly s-
l ulc ds. Ts ds w sd EC css u fl csul
Css uly ud w lcs Cucl f Mss (clud s
w us d COREPER). I ws s lcl ll, l su f 19
d 20 Oc 1972 ss sld dsly f Eu l lcy.
M B 31 Oc 1972 f s , ss ssl f
dscussd ud uls d ls f w l lcy.
D css w w wc fcld dus f c ds Cucl
d s s. T xsc f l l lcs w u
f EC ss cd uly clculs ll ss, sc l uls lly cd
s s d. Tus sls c l uls dlly s sl s ldy
xs s s wdly us lsw ws l l f l lcy s d
lly f Css s ud f Ty. Isly u, l ul-s cjuc w C M us fucd s wy x w
ss, y s uly clculs. Ts d dd, u ws sll f C
M. As csquc, d l l ds c s y culd
f ss f c s C M.
A f s ss l lcy s clcul f ss, sclz suly lyd l.
M ully dscuss w ccs, cls d lcs s sclzd
w ud sc cuy. Sc ly 1970s, s u f l
cls c f l ssus c ul w us w Cucl
fw; s ly s 1970 ssus f sc llu (Eu C Fld f
Scc d Tclcl Rsc 1970). Susquly y ls dl w Css sls
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
24/33
24 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
cc l sus, sls f c d d
Cuy s f Scl Cfc.
My f s cls w cd s l xs u-u Scl cfc, - ully UN s wll s EC cx, ls ld EC EAP. Ts wy, y cd s
s f dus. F sc, ll f s f G Msy f I w
sd Fdl Rulc Cucl s EAP July 1973, ly, Ms
Gsc, Sss Hf, d Msld B, d dd Scl cfc
1972. T su slly lds f dls f ss suc s Ild (Cucl
f Eu Cus 1973; Ud Ns 1972).
W Eu Css y Csss lyd cucl l d s ly -
l lcy. Acs Csss l Al Sll d Scc Msl w slly c-
d l cus (Sccl 2008: 54-65, 2009: 340). I cs f Msl, sclz
u s Clu f R lyd l. Css cls d l sul
s xd sc f EC lcy , ls d dc w cs.
M, usu w ly ld l ul cc u ls l sd
sus s s. Edc f ws w f cls sws s s w y
c c ( Buss 2004).4
Sclz cs clly cud c f ssu,
ls sc ws s fw cls c f w sd Css
l d Eu s, .. ECE CEs cfc du Eu
Cs Y 1970 (Cucl f Eu 1970), UN cfc Scl (Ud Ns
1972). W c ssu sclz ws cully s y su w
Css sslly sd f scc w sls f EAP. Illy sccl
css c l lc f cus f s w (Buss 2004).5
W sus u l dscus sl sclz l ls f lc f -
ss ws s wll dcul dsl clly.
T EP, sll ulcd , d ESC w c cs d l
lcy sls, w s d d ssu. Pcully su f lcy, dc, xs d uc scy w cd d susly y
Css (My 2011). MEPs w ls s ds l ll. Nly,
y dd l Cucl f Eu, ws ss Ssu y sd. Vus MEPs ls
sd Cucl f Eus ssly. Tus, ds c s sus s w
f EP l ssus 1970 d 1971 ld lc
EC d u ssus usly dscussd Cucl f Eu ly w d llu
(Eu Pl 1970, 1971). Exsu Cucl f Eus d, u c d
4 Iw w Clus Su, f Hd f U Eu Csss Sc f Ed Csu Pc, Bussls, 10 Ju 2009.
5 Iw w Clus Su, 10 Ju 2009.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
25/33
Appropriating the Environment | 25
dul ds, suly sclzd d/ sudd MEPs l c f s ssus.
O lcs f sclz f ldy sd MEPs w dd f sc fw f
l ly cfcs . T s f s lc B
1971 (Hd 2004: 250).
El ds d EC y f us. M ss cd s dc -
ds f l ll, sc w lsl ws sd l xls. T
Css f sc fud G s y cl
cully c suc f f d ds (Eu Css 1972: 10). T G
u d wd ly f US xl. A f s cs, Css
csuld -s cs (Ks/My 2010; My 2010) css l lls, ly xs, u
ls -l zs, suc s l us, wc ls d w sl ls
(Eu Css 1972: 6) d d ld l l cfcs -
sls (Ud Ns 1972).
Hw c w xl c d d f s y scc s f ds, us css
slld u ? T wlsl - f clclly fd l ds d
l d jcs f l lcy, clud dsc f ls d slus, c
lly xld s sul f l d l. E f Css d d cl
f u l lcy s f y ly s wds, du ly
f lcy s ully y d d cul css f c lcy sus w
ll.6
T d f l ds y EC ss lly sul f sclz f EC d -
l cls du s f l d, ly u sl xc du
f ss, cx f l zs cfcs u sl l-
us zs suc s cs f Css Msls s Clu
f R (Sccl 2008: 54-65, 2009: 340). Fu cl sc l csuc f
s ws s dd d d u wc scc ws d d wc l y lyd
us dcs-s. Mcy lly lyd l, . By
sdd s f ds, ly ddul cls u ls EC s wl ws l ccc
s l ly w ld s--s ss d l zs.Tl l sy lcy s f lc f ss. Suc
sy ws ll sc f sud ll s d ECs dy s
cc cuy.
W c sfly ssu u f cls d lcy s w cully sudd y lly
cll us f l dscus. I fc f sl l d,
clcl w u d c ulcd ws cully l cls d
s css. Rsl c s f cc y, qulu d f clcl lc
6 T su, f cus, c sus f llu cl d suc d l lc
ll ss f l (.. U 2009).
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
26/33
26 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
suly sd w d f . As w w f ws, qul jc f
quly f lf s cl qu dcs f sdd f l w qully -
sus css w ulc dss d f Css (Buss 2004: 14, 16).7
M lly, cy lf scc d l l clly fcld cf clcl ds d l f -sd slus.
W csd jcs cludd, sl lcs ly. Tdl sc d culul c-
cs s wll s c f wldlf dd lly w scc d clclly fd
d. R, y sd f l c f ld css d l c
. Tus f sc f lc f ss uc ws d f
clud s ccs. I fc s culd ld l lss f lcy. Fu,
sd lly uws Css cls c w Cucl f Eu s s
dulc s (Wscs- ud Szlusscuss 1972). T l d us l us-
fulss - f s ssus lz ulc su f l lcy ws ly lzd uc l
w cul lcy sd (My 2010: 95).
I dd s css, ls scc sul su f EC lyd l slc
f ds. T s fcus d lc l d cc ls,
cul, ss slf-d w csd dl slf-cc f EC s cc
cuy. Fu, susl scl d cc ls f dl d c-
c sucu ss suc s Ily d UK, ss f cc d scl ls
sly suld f d d uus s su.
7. C
R xl c ccs d lcs s duc f ul-ll lcy w
Eu ly,8 s s dus f ds sc, fcus sf f
ds f usd EC, f xl xls d l zs. T l f s s
ws lcy d l ls ll l lys w EC. Ts ds
f xly cs f dus f ds, w EC s c.
T ccluss c dw: Fs, culd clly dsd EAP s dly fd
y cy l d l f s lcy. Nly
cssus dd UN cfc Scl s sly cd EAP. H,
dus f ds s s , cully w csd y ds l
Css sls. T ws dd clcl s, s ul ,
w, s cc d lcd w cc csss.
7 Iw w Clus Su, f Hd f U Eu Csss Sc f E d Csu Pc, Bussls, 10 Ju 2009.
8 T l ul-ll lcy ld EAP wll ddssd lsw y sc jc.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
27/33
Appropriating the Environment | 27
Scdly, x f cssus l zs clud EC -
d s s. As sd w I d lly xcd, x f slc
ws lly ld d sly ccud w sul lcs, suc s Eu
s-s, d f uus su ld. T y w ss f s: O d, l zs ldy dd cssul dcus l sls
cd. Scdly, su w w d ws y clly dd, w cs c
sly sclzd w sd s d/ sudd w cssus,
sc lly s l w ws ss. Tus, I ssu s w css f-
quly c c w s l f dus f ds s cs.
Tdly, s ds qu fu c u cl sc xsc,
sucu, slf-udsd f ws d cs w , w cd s duss f -
l ds. E u s dcul dsl clly w cs fllwd lc f
ss w uly sudd, dcus d ws d fu ss
s quss. T scl lyss f ws (Ks 2009; Ks l. 2010) wll suly f
clud suc ssus, s wll sudy f dus f ds.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
28/33
28 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
L
Basse, Michel1971: M d Bs: A Il Rsc P, : Blcl C-s 4/1, 1-6.
Bess, Michael2003: T L G Scy. Ecly d Tclcl Mdy Fc, 1960-2000,Cc.
Brzel, Tanja A. 2010: T Tsf Pw f Eu Rldd. T Ls f Exl Euz-, : KFG W P Ss 11, Fuy 2010.
Brzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2009: T Tsf Pw f Eu. T Eu U d IdsDus, : KFG W P Ss 1, My 2009.
Brookes, Stuart K./Jordan, Andrew. G./Kimber, Richard. H./Richardson, Jeremy. J. 1976: T Gw f E s Plcl Issu B, : Bs Jul f Plcl Scc 6/2, 245-255.
Bussire, Eric 2004: E c Mcl C, Ps, 5 J 2004, : Hscl Acs f Eu U.
Carpener, Michel1999: L ssc d l lqu d l, : Ru ds As Eu-s 9/3, 284-297.
Carson, Rachel1962: Sl S, Gwc, C.
Checkel, Jerey T. 2005: Il Isus d Sclz Eu: Iduc d F-w, : Il Oz 59/4, 801-826.
Chester, Charles C. 2009: Els, : Iy, A/Su, P-Ys (ds.): T Pl Dc-y f Tsl Hsy, Bss, 336-341.
Council of Europe 1969: Esclu d Mssll ds Eus Gudsz zuRlu d Lu 8.Mz 1968, : BGsudBl 12/12, 190.
Council of Europe 1970: Cfc u su l Cs d l Nu, Ssu, 9-12 F-
1970, dss df, s, dcl su l d l -ul Eu, : Acs Nls, Flu, Fl 19910580, cl 42.
Council of Europe 1970: Dcl su l d l ul Eu. C-fc u su l Cs d l Nu, Ssu, 9-12 F 1970, : AcsNls, Flu, Fl 19910580, cl 2.
Council of the European Communies 1973: Dcl f Cucl f Eu Cus df ss f Gs f M Ss Cucl f 22N 1973 f c f Eu Cus ,: Ocl Jul f Eu Cus 16, C 112, 20 Dc 1973,1.
Council of the European Communies 1973: Ls f Dls. Cucl Sss 251, dc 1489/73, 19 July1973, : Ac f Cucl f Mss CM 2 1973.85 74.
Cosgrove, Denis 1994: Csd Gll Vss: O-Wld, Wl-E, d All Sc P-s, : Als f Assc f Ac Gs 84/2, 270-294.
Di, Karl1996: Nu Cs Eld d Gy 1900-70: Fu f El P-c?, : Cy Eu Hsy 5/1, 1-28.
Dryzek, John S. 2005: T Plcs f E. Els Dscuss. Scd Ed, Oxfd.
Ehrlich, Paul1968: T Pul B, Nw Y.
Engels, Jens Ivo 2006: Nul d Budsul. Idwl ud lsc Vlssl Nuscuz ud Uwlwu 1950-1980, Pd.
Engels, Jens Ivo 2010: Md Els, : U, F (d.): T Tu Ps f E-
l Hsy, Psu, 119-131.
Espagne, Michel/Werner, Michael1987: L csuc du fc culull lld Fc.Gs s (1750-1914), : Als HSS 42/4, 969-992.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
29/33
Appropriating the Environment | 29
European Commission 1971: Fs Cuc f Css u Cuys Plcy E. SEC (71) 2616 l, 22 July 1971, : ://..du/3126/01/000045_1.df; 7 Fuy 2011.
European Commission 1971: Mlu d Kss d R d Blu d M-ldss ud d Gsc d A s l Os- Uwlscuz. Awdu ds Nzus- ud Ksulsfs d OECD.13.07.1971. SEK (1971) 2591 d., : Ac f Cucl f Mss CM2 1973.558.
European Commission 1972: Cuc f Css Cucl Eu Cu-s P cc E (sud 24 Mc 1972), : Bull f Eu Cus. Sul 5: 5, 1-69.Eu C Fld f Sccd Tclcl Rsc Sc 1970: W y llu, : Nl Ac,Ld FCO 55/425, EEC l llu suds: 1-13.
European Parliament1970: Bc N ds Ausscusss f Szl- ud Gsudsf d Rlu d Bwss u sd Bcscu d Vuuds Rs, 11.11.1970, dc 161/70, Bcs: Jc Bs, : CARDOC PE0 AP RP/ASOC.1967 0161/70.
European Parliament1971: Bc Au ds Ausscusss f Szl- ud Gsudsf d Nwd Gscs zu Rlu d Lu, Bcs Hs Ed- J, 15.12.1971, dc 181/71, : CARDOC PE0 AP RP ASOC.1967 0181/71.
Feeny, David/Berkes, Fikret/McCay, Bonnie J./Acheson, James M. 1990: T Tdy f Cs:Twy-Tw Ys L, : Hu Ecly 18/1, 1-19.
Fink, Simon 2010: M Dus Ts lss dus. A Nw Txy f Dus Mcss, :Ws Hw ds Eu dus?, F Us Bl, 8 Dc 2010.
Freytag, Nils 2006: E B Tscucf? D Gz ds Wcsus ud d lcRsz, : Zssc Fscu/Suds Cy Hsy, Ol-Aus, 3/3,1-2, : ://www.zssc-fscu.d/16126041-Fy-3-2006; 10 Auus 2011.
Haas, Peter M. 1990: S Md. T Plcs f Il El C,Nw Y.
Haas, Peter M. 1992: Iduc: Esc Cus d Il Plcy Cd, : I-l Oz 46/1, 1-35.
Hamblin, Jacob Darwin 2010: Els f Alc Allc: NATOs Ex w Clls f Md Scy, : El Hsy 15/1, 54-75.
Hardin, Garre1968: T Tdy f Cs, : Scc 162/3859, 1243-1248.
Hhler, Sabine 2008: Scs E: Es Hu Hs El A, : GHIBull 42, 65-85.
Hnemrder, Kai F. 2003: V Exzw zu Uwll. F Uwlfz ud dAuswu d lc Aufs f Uwl Eu (1959-1972), : Acf Szlscc 43, 275-296.
Hnemrder, Kai F. 2004: D Fscc d ll Uwls ud d Fu d duscUwll (1950-1973), Su.
Hnemrder, Kai F. 2005: 1972 - Ecscwll d Uwlscc?, : B, Fz-Jsf/Els, Js I (ds.): Nu- ud Uwlscuz c 1945. Kz, K, Kz,Ffu, 125-144.
Johnson, Stanley P. 1973: T Plcs f E. T Bs Exc, Ld.
Jordan, Andrew/Wurzel, Rdiger/Zito, Anthony R./Bruckner, Lars 2003: Eu Gc d Tsf f w El Plcy Isus (NEPIs) Eu U, : Pulc Ad-
s 81/ 3, 555-574.
Kaiser, Wolfram 2006: F S Scy? T Hsy f Eu I, : C, M-cll/Bu, Al K. (ds.): Pl Adcs Eu Suds, Bss, 190-208.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
30/33
30 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Kaiser, Wolfram 2009: B Hsy c Sudy f Tsl Nws Eu I-, : Jul f Pulc Plcy 29/2, 223-239.
Kaiser, Wolfram/Gehler, Michael/Leucht, Brigie (ds.) 2010: Tsl Nws Rl I-. Ifl Gc Eu 1945-83, Bss.
Kaiser, Wolfram/Meyer, Jan-Henrik2010: N-S Acs Eu I 1970s: Twds Ply f Tsl Cs, : C. Zsc f Gllscc ud l-cd Gsllscsfscu. Scl Issu 20/3, 7-104.
Koppen, C.S.A. van/Markham, William T. 2008: Nu Pc Ws Els. A C- Alyss, : K, C.S.A. /M, Wll T. (Eds.): Pc Nu. Oz-s d Nws Eu d USA, Ld, 263-285.
Koppen, Ida J. 2002: T Rl f Cu f Jusc, : Jd, Adw (d.): El Plcy Eu U. Acs, Isus, d Pcsss, Ld, 100-119.
Krner, Stefan 2005: D Ewclu ds Nuscuzs ud d Ldscslu c d 2. Wl-, : B, Fz-Jsf/Els, Js I (ds.): Nu- ud Uwlscuz c 1945.Kz, K, Kz, Ffu, 87-102.
Kppers, Gnter/Lundgreen, Peter/Weingart, Peter1978: Uwlscu, d su Wsssc?E sc Sud zu Vls Wssscswclu ud Wssscsl,Ffu .M.
Kupper, Patrick 2003: D 1970-Ds. Gudszlc lu zu Wdu dUwlscc, : Ac f Szlscc 43/1, 325-348.
Lietzmann, Sabina 1970: E T sc Nw Y uf scwd Ws w. W dSd d E Dy : Ffu All Zu, 24 Al.
Lietzmann, Sabina 1971: Scuz d Nu s . D Jud As s sc f ds TUwl, : Ffu All Zu, 19 Al.
Maier, Hans 2008: Fscssus d Kulusssus? D Budsul Duscld
d 70 ud 80 J, : Vljs f Zscc 56/1, 1-17.
Mansholt, Sicco 1972: Wcsu f w? Bf d Kssssd Fc M Mlf,9.2.1972, : Fu E Bull d Ju Eusc Fdls 2/ 4 (Jul/Auus), 14-24.
McCormick, John 1991: Bs Plcs d E, Ld.
McCormick, John 1995: T Gll El M. Scd Ed, Ccs.
Meadows, Dennis/Meadows, Donella/Zahn, Erich/Milling, Peter1972: T Ls Gw, Nw Y.
Menke-Glckert, Peter1997: D Uwll Gsc, : Kl, Klus (d.): I d Vwu.Hs Dc Gsc zu Szs, 155-168.
Meyer, Jan-Henrik2010: T Eu Pulc S. Md d Tsl Cuc Eu-
I 1969-1991, Su.Meyer, Jan-Henrik2010: G Eu? El Is Gus d Euz f
Nw Plcy Fld, : C 20/3, 83-104.
Meyer, Jan-Henrik2010c: S Ms. A Tsl Nw su Sul Bd Pc- Plcy 1970s, : Ks, Wlf/Luc, B/Gl, Mcl (ds.): TslNws Rl I. G Eu 1945-83, Bss, 176-198.
Meyer, Jan-Henrik2011: G Acs. T Eu Pls El C Eu El Plcy 1970s, : Jul f Eu I Hsy 17/1,73-85.
Meyer, Jan-Henrik2012: G sd: Ad-s Eu El Plcy 1970s,: Lus, Jy (d.): F Css Nw Dycs: Eu Cuy 1974-83, Bus-sls (fc).
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
31/33
Appropriating the Environment | 31
Moravcsik, Andrew 2009: R K: Plcl Ts, : Ml, Hl V./Mcs, Adw(ds.): Pw, Iddc d Ns Acs Wld Plcs, Pc, 243-263.
Mller, Edda 1986: Iwl d Uwll: szl-ll Uwll. (O)c duc O-s?, Old.
Mller, Edda 2009: Iwl d Uwll - Zu Gu ud Aufs s Plcs, : Msus,Pc/S, Ol/S, J (ds.): Uwlscc ud Uwlzuu. Zu sll-sclc Rlz ju Dszl, G, 69-86.
Naonal Environmental Policy Act1970: Pulc Lw 91-190, : ://www.wldss./NWPS/dcu-s/ulclws/PDF/91-190.df; 10 Auus 2011.
Niemann, Arne/Schmier, Philippe C. 2009: Nfucls, : W, Aj/Dz, Ts (ds.): Eu- I Ty, Oxfd, 45-66.
Pohl, Norman 2005: G s d Hu - Uwll ud d Ewu sclc Rfd Isu d Eusc Gsc u 1970, : B, Fz-Jsf/Els,Js I (ds.): Nu- ud Uwlscuz c 1945. Kz, K, Kz, F-fu, 162-182.
Polunin, Nicholas 1969: T Bs Cfc, : Blcl Cs 1/2, 186-187.
Poujade, Robert1975: L Ms d lIssl, Ps.
Princen, Sebasaan 2009: Ad S Eu U, Bss.
Radkau, Joachim 2011: D d l. E Wlscc, Mc.
Rasmussen, Morten 2009: Sul Gc M. Twds Eu Plcl Sys-, : Ks, Wlf/Rsuss, M/Luc, B (ds.): T Hsy f EuU. Os f Ts- d Sul Ply 1950-72, Ad, 34-55.
Reichholf, Josef H. 2009: Is A - Fszusx V ud Gw, :Msus, Pc/S, Ol/S, J (ds.): Uwlscc ud Uwlzuu.
Zu sllsclc Rlz ju Dszl, G, 187-200.Risse, Thomas 2000: Ls u! Cuc Ac Wld Plcs, : Il Oz
54/1, 1-39.
Rome, Adam 1996: C Ts w Pllu: T Lu f El Rf, 1865-1915,: El Hsy 1/3, 6-28.
Rome, Adam 2003: G E Cc: T El M d Sxs, : T Julf Ac Hsy 90/2, 525-554.
Rome, Adam 2010: T Gus f E Dy, : El Hsy 15/2, 194-205.
Rudolf, Florence 2005: Uwl ud lscs Wlld. Bs Wu ud Rll dsUwlds Fcs Szl ud Gsllsc, : B, Fz-Jsf/E-
ls, Js I (ds.): Nu- ud Uwlscuz c 1945. Kz, K, Kz,Ffu, 356-368.
Sandbach, Francis 1978: A Fu L E s Plcl Issu, : Il Julf El Suds 12/2, 99-109.
Sandbach, Francis 1978: T Rs d Fll f Ls Gw D, : Scl Suds f Scc8/4, 495-520.
Schmidt, Vivien A. 2008: Dscus Isuls. T Exly Pw f Ids d Dscus, : A-ul Rw f Plcl Scc 11, 303-326.
Schulz, Thorsten 2006: Ds Eusc Nuscuzj 1970 - Vsuc uw Uwl-, : WZB-Dscuss Ps P 2006/7, 1-34.
Schulz, Thorsten 2010: Tslc El Scuy 1970s? NATOs Td Ds s Ely El d Hu Scuy Ac, : Hscl Scl Rsc 35/4, 309-328.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
32/33
32 | KFGWorking Paper No. 31 | September 2011
Scichilone, Laura 2008: LEu l sd clc. S dll lc l u 1969-1998,Ml.
Scichilone, Laura 2009: T Os f C El Plcy. T Cus f Slld Msl d c Gu f Eu Css, : Rsuss, M/Lu
Kuds, A-Cs (ds.): T Rd Ud Eu. Is f Pcss fEu I, Bussls, 335-348.
Sheail, John 2002: A El Hsy f Tw-Cuy B, Bss.
Steiner, Andr 2009: Wcsu ls wscslscs Lld. Zu s Ws d wsu-sc I, : El, J/Nls-S, J (ds.): Lld Eu. Eu-ld ud Wu d Nuz, Su, 244-255.
Stoll, Steven 2007: T Rs f US Els, : Sll, S (d.): US Els sc1945. A Bf Hsy w Dcus, Nw Y, 1-26.
Tews, Kersn 2002: Plsf: P zwsc Plcy-L ud O. lu zu uf-wll Uwll Bsl d EU-Oswu, : Zsc f Uwl-l ud Uwlc 25/2, 173-201.
Thomas, Sarah L. 2009: A Cll Ac. Sl S, Pulc Dscus d Rs f Md E-ls, : E, Mcl/C, J (ds.): Nul Ps. Essys Hsy f A-c Els, Nw Y, 185-204.
Thompson Feraru, Anne 1974: Tsl Plcl Iss d Gll E, : I-l Oz 28/1, 31-60.
Ueker, Frank 2003: V d Rucl zu lsc Rlu. E Gscc d Lu-scuzu Duscld ud d USA 1880-1970, Ess.
Ueker, Frank2009: T A f S. El Plcy Gy d Ud Ss, 1880-1970, Psu.
UNESCO 1970: Us d Cs f Bs. Pcds f Il Cfc
f Exs Scc Bss f Rl Us d Cs f Rsucs f B-s, Ps 4-13 S 1968, Ps.
United Naons 1972: R f Ud Ns Cfc Hu E, Scl,5-16 Ju 1972, A/CONF.48/14/R.1, 21.09.1972, Nw Y.
United Naons 1972: Ud Ns Cfc Hu E, Scl, 5-16 Ju1972, Ls f Pcs, A/CONF.48/INF.5/R.1, 21.09.1972.
Vickery, Micheal R. 2004: Cs Plcs d Plcs f Cs. Rcd Nx d E-l Pc Acy, : Ps, Tl R (d.): G Tl W Hus. TRcl Psdcy cus Ecly, Cll S, 113-133.
Werner, Michael/Zimmermann, Bndicte 2006: Byd Cs: Hs Cs d Cll
f Rxy, : Hsy d Ty 45/1, 30-50.
Wirtschas- und Sozialausschuss 1972: Al zu Pll d 6. Szu ds Uusscusss U-wl 31.05.1972. Zusfssu ds Gdususcs zwsc d V dsUusscusss ud H Tul, V d Kss, : Hscl Acs f Eu U, SEC 4298, Flc.
Worster, Donald1994: Nus Ecy. A Hsy f Eclcl Ids, Cd.
Young, Alasdair R. 2010: T Sl M: Dul, Rul, d I, : Wllc, Hl-/Pllc, M A./Yu, Alsd R. (ds.): Plcy-M Eu U. Sx Ed,Oxfd, 107-131.
-
7/27/2019 Appropriating the Environment. How the European Institutions Received the Novel Idea of the Environment and Made it Their Own
33/33
T K-F - E A Ex
I R
T Kll-Fscu (KFG) s w fud lu-cd y G Rsc Fud 2008. I s c-c f KFG d scclly sul
wc sc cs c dl w y dscus dd w sll u f s d ju scs.
T Kll-Fscu T Tsf Pw f Eus sc Eu s Bl-Bd-u d sulzs c w u-ss d sc sus. I xs l f EU s - d c f ds, lyz css d csf l d xl dus csss sc s:
Idy d Pulc S
Clc, Cdly d Byd
C Rls d Eus Exl Rls