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APPROACHES OF HUMANRESOURCE MANAGEMENT 

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SYNOPSIS Introduction

Definition

Approaches

Conclusion

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Introduction

Human resources is one of the mostvaluable and unique assets of anorganization

In the words of León

“the term human resources refers to the

total knowledge , skills, creative abilities,talents and aptitudes of an organizationwork force and individual”

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Definition

According to Ivancevich

“ personal /human resource management is thefunction performed in organization that

facilitates the most effective use of people toachieve organizational and individual goals”

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Approaches

Industrial revolution

Scientific management approach

Human relations approach

Human resource approach

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 The momentum for the industrial revolution grewthrough the 17th century.

Agriculture methods were continuously improvingwhich resulted in surplus and that surplus used for

trade.

 This created the need for improving work methodslike

Productivity Quality Quantity , which led to the beginning of industrial

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During this period we have some importantcontributors

In the field of business organizations

Adam smith

Charles Babbage

Robert Owen

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Adam smithAdam smithAdam smithAdam smith

Division of labor

He wrote about economicadvantages of division of labor.

Results of division of labor 

 The development of skills Time saving

 The possibility of usingspecialized tools

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Charles Babbage

In 1832 he examined and expanded the

division of labor in his work

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Robert ownRobert ownRobert ownRobert own Owen emphasized on human

aspects in management andadvocated on number of benefits to employees

Concentrated on developingconcepts relating to effectiveutilization of resources at the

shop floor level

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Scientific management approach In early 1900 most of the business owners

and managers believed that if employeeswere to be effectively managed, they hadto be constantly supervised and forced to

work. Employees were considered to be equal in

terms of productivity. F. w. Taylor, is considered as father of 

scientific management

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He focused on Study of motions that wererequired for each job the tools used and time

needed to accomplish each task.

If workers out put exceeded the standardoutput they were given additional incentivepay.

time and motion studies replaced rule -of –thumb.

Managers embraced the concept of “economicman”

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Human relations approach  The Hawthorne studies , conducted during

1930’s and 1940’s by Elton mayo.

 The result suggested that employee

productivity was effected not only byeconomic rewards but also by certain socialand psychological factors.

unions played a vital role

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Although the HRA was successful in

improving the work environment , it wasnot successful in increasing theirproductivity and improving job satisfaction.

Reasons

Ø oversimplified conceptØ It did not recognize individual difference.

Ø Failed to recognize others factors like job

structure, performance management,career planning & development.

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Human resource approach

Organizations have now adopted the humanresource approach, which treats theorganizational goals and employee needs as

mutable and compatible.

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It is based on number of principles

Employees are assets to an organization.

polices, programs and practices must cater

to the needs of employees and should helpthem in their work and also in theirpersonal development.

Encourage employees to develop theirknowledge and skills for the benefit of theorganization.

 

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Human resource approach