Approaches&StrategiesforBuildingPeace&

JusticeStudiesProgramsAfricaInstituteonPeaceandJusticeStudiesProgramDevelopment withintheCatholic

SocialTradition

Entebbe,Uganda,November7-9,2017

GeorgeA.Lopez,KrocInstituteUniversityofNotreDame

Ourgoalsinthispresentation

• AssistindefiningthesubstanceandmethodsofpeaceandjusticestudieswhenitisinformedbyCST.

• Showhowandwherecurriculumdevelopment[education]andresearchmightoccurwiththiscombinationofCST&thepeacestudiesfield.

• Layoutaframeworkforyourdiscussionsandplanninghappeningfrom5pmtoday.

Ibeginwith3corequestions:

• Whatistheviolencethatpeaceandjusticeeducationismeanttoaddressinyourcountry/situation?

• Whoarethestudentsthatwehopetoeducateaboutpeaceandjusticesotheycanprevent…. resolve&transform…. beresilientinthefaceofviolence?

• Giventhattherehasbeenanacademicfieldofpeaceresearch&peaceeducationexistingsincethelate1940s,whatvalueaddeddoesCatholicSocialThinkingbringtopeacestudies?

Whatistheviolence…..?

•Oursubjectofresearch,teachingandsocialconcernisthe[our]violence-afflictedsociety– initsmanydimensions.

•Westudyandactonconflictsothatitdoesnotturntoviolence[prevention]ANDweaimtoresolveandtransformviolent conflict.Wetrain/educatefortheseskills/goals.

• Thus-- peaceandjusticestudiesprogramsdevelopdifferentlyindifferentlocalesbecausetheymust!!!

Whoarethepeacestudiesstudents?

• Inthenextdecadeofpeaceandjusticestudieswewilleducatethreeinterdependentgroupsof“students”whowanttobepeacebuilders:

• BA+MA+PhD inpeacebuilding– peacebuildingexperts• Allotherprofessionals– blendedexperts• Allotherstudents– localcapacityexperts

• Forallofthem:‘thetrainingofconsciencesforthecommongood’

CatholicSocialThinkingbringstopeaceandjusticestudies

• Faith-filledreasonforresearchandactingforjusticein• substance[humandignity,thecommongood,reconciliation,solidarity,preferentialoptionforthepoor,etc.]with

•methods [criticalself-reflection,mission-visiondrivenanalysis,structuralanalysis,etc.]

WhatisPeaceStudies?

aninter-disciplinaryfield,historically[butnotexclusively]basedinthesocial

sciencesthatblendspeaceresearch+peaceeducation

+peaceaction+

doessobecausevalues,ethicsandnormsmatter

•Peacestudiesmusthavebothasubstantive[thinking]componentandanmethod[action]dimensionifthereistobeseriouspeacestudieseducation.

•Weclaimthatpeacestudieseducatespeopletothinktheirwayintoactionandhaveactionsettheagendaforwhatnewthinkingisneeded

PeaceThinking

PeaceAction

EDUCATION

Peacestudies asamulti-disciplinaryfield,focusingonthreeareasofthinking/action

• thecausesandconditionswhichgenerateandsustainviolentconflict

• themechanismsandmodelsfordealingwithviolentconflict

• thenorms,practicesandinstitutions[ethics,ideasandmethods]forbuildingsustainablepeace,especiallywhencomingoutofviolence.

nWithin these three major across three different levels of social analysis :

nof individuals and small groups,

nof sub-national groups and nations,

nof the very large international system.

Concept areas/levels

Violence:Causesandconsequences

Dealingwithviolence

Methods,normsandideasforbuildingpeace

Lowerlevelinteraction

Subnational tonationalinteraction

International action

Conceptareas/levels– themeswithinViolence:Causesandconsequences

Dealingwithviolence

Methods,normsandideasforbuildingpeace

Lowerlevelinteraction

Aggression,AbuseBigotry/HatredsSocializationGenderIssues

CommunicationNegotiationMediationEducation

Non-violentlife-styleEthicalperspec-tives/Justice

Subnational tonationalinteraction

RepressionTerrorismEconomicin-equality

NegotiationMediationConflictTransformation

SocialMove-ments;Buildingnewinstitutions

Internationalaction

XenophobiaCrime/Corruption

GlobalCrisismanagement

Globallawandorganizations

Concept areas/levels – disciplines within

Violence:Causesandconsequences

Dealingwithviolence

Methods,normsandideasforbuildingpeace

Lowerlevelinteraction

PsychologyGenderstudiesChild developmentNeuro-science

CommunicationEducationReligiousStudies

Theatre, Music,ArtHumanitiesPhilosophyTheology

Subnational tonationalinteraction

SociologyReligiousStudiesAnthropologyEconomics

Social-PsychologyLaw&MedicineSociologyGenderStudies

NonviolencestudiesSocialethicsTheology

International action InternationalRelations

International Law&Organizations

International Law&Ethics

Strategy:ParticipatoryActionResearch(PAR)

• Participatory:researcherinteractsdirectlyin/withlocalsociety;

• Action:testingwithandagainstexperience[alotlikeMEERbutheavieronELICITING]

• Research:bringingexistingandlocalknowledgetogether

• Roots:USCivilRightsmovements,othernon-violentcampaigns.PauloFreire, OrlandoFals Borda – PARconferenceinCartagena- 1977

PeaceThinking

PeaceAction

EDUCATION

BeyondthetraditionalGridapproach:Trythedynamicsofpeacebuiding [PB]

• Thinkslong-term&strategically- dosowithyourprogramplanning

• RecognizesthatPBinviolence-afflictedsocietiesdemandsamixofinsidersandoutsidersforrecovery,prevention,etc.

• Elicits frominsiderstheirexperience,hopes,traumas,waysforward

• Movesfromconflictresolutiontoconflicttransformation

• MEER:Monitors,Elicits,Evaluates,Reboots

Peacebuildingtasksinconflictafflictedsocietiescomingoutofviolence&war

• Intercommunal&interfaithdialogues– endingenemy-making• Economicrebuilding&opportunitycreation

• Accountabilityforviolence&crimes– restitution&restorativejustice• RuleofLawPromotion• HumanRightsImplementation

• Managingpost-conflicttrauma• Increasededucationalopportunity

• Communityconflicthandling,policing&transformation

Thesetranslatetotheneedfor

• Religiouspeacebuilders– clerics,theologiansandpeople• Educatorstorebuildschoolsystemsandcurriculum

• Healthcareprofessionalsofalltypes• RuleofLawprofessionals– lawyers,judges• Communitypolicingandpoliceaspeaceofficers• Economicplanners,investors,entrepreneurs

• Socialworkersandchildpsychologiststoassistwithtraumarecovery• Artspeople:music,theatre,

andothercreativearts

Requiresnewteaching,courses&programs• Experts:seriousandverysolidmixofpastresearchfindings+peacebuildingskillstraininginactionarena+CST

• Blended:disciplinaryandprofessionalcourseswithpeaceandjusticeeducationcomponents+someskillstraining+CST

• LocalCapacity:newuniversityengagementwiththeircommunitiesforpeaceandjustice,somepeaceeducationcomponents+CST

• Forallofthem:‘thetrainingofconsciencesforthecommongood’

Strategies forsuccess

• Facultyandcourseinventory• Inventorycommunityneeds&programs•Meetandtalkwithfaculty&students• Linkdirectlypeace&justicecontentwithCST•Createandexperiment- andMEER!•Communicate– outreach&in-reach•Buildastudentrecruitmentstrategy

Concept areas/levels

Violence:Causesandconsequences

Dealingwithviolence

Methods andideasforbuildingpeace

Lowerlevelinteraction

Subnational tonationalinteraction

International action

Yourtasksasateam:planwhattodonext!?

• FillintheGRID--- findwhatisyourinterest,areasofexpertiseanddepth,whataddressestheviolenceofgreatestconcern- whatwilldefineyourprogram?

• AND/OR

• SetoutyourscheduleandplanforStrategiesforsuccess--whatarethetaskstodofirst?Why?Who/howdoesthis‘getdone’?

ASSIGNMENT:

• TeamLocales/KEYWORDOFNEED– ATTRACTSARESOURCEPERSON

• ThosenotinaTEAM---- meetwithGeorge…..

• Bepreparedtohavesomeonegive5minuteaccountoftheplan