Approach = WHAT

Estimates of: When and where When

Changes in stocks

Stock change Production

Emissions Atmospheric flow Simple decay

Revised IPCC 1996 Guidelinesannual biomass growth versus annual harvest, including the

decay of forest products and slash left during harvest

Atmospheric impact = SF – DF – LM – DP

WhereSF = sequestration in the forestDF = decay of residues in forestLM = losses at mills during processing

(burnt to waste or used for energy)DP = decay of products

(related to lifetime in use or in disposal sites)

Atmospheric impact = SF – DF – Harvestonly if instant oxidation on leaving the forest

Stock changes or Emissions

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Car

bon

stoc

ks

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Deforestation

non-Kyoto countriesPre 1990

CDM

Forest management

A&Re-forestation

Forests Products

Stock changeIn all forestsResulting from activities since 1990

SinksIn all forestsResulting from activities since 1990

Within national boundaries = from activities within national boundaries

Stock changeIn all productsIn products manufactured since 1990In products resulting from activities since 1990

Sources from All harvested wood burning and decayHarvested wood since 1990Harvested wood resulting from activities since 1990

Within national boundaries (incl import-export)From domestic activities (excl import-export)

Simple Decay approachstocks resulting from activities

Sink

Source – residues

Source – products

Stock

Time

Tier 1 – at harvest Tier 2 – default categories

and lifetimesTier 3 – improved categories

and lifetimes

Consistency

Residues: oxidise immediately or decay Reversal of sink when it occurs Applicable at project or national scale Consistent reporting and accounting Desirable outcomes (submissions)

Sustainable Forest Management

Sawlog regime Pulplog regime

Stock

Bioenergy and Processing Emissions remain responsibility of producer

no change to bioenergy or trade impacts Improved inventory accuracy Favour long rotations for sawlogs Encourage high conversion (to product)

efficiency Sawmills least energy intensive Opportunity for energy exporting sector Including waste disposal sites reduces

incentive for bioenergy

Inventory impact

Emissions (during the year) Stocks (end of year)

Yr Growth Harvest 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1 100 100 50 5 5 5 5 50 45 40 35 30

2 100 100 50 5 5 5 50 45 40 35

3 100 100 50 5 5 50 45 40

4 100 100 50 5 50 45

etc 100 100 50 50

Emit/year 50 55 60 65 70 Total 50 95 135 170 200

change 50 45 40 35 30

annual biomass growth versus annual harvest, including the decay of forest products and slash left during harvest

Production Approach: growth – harvest + hwp stock changeSimple decay: growth - emissions

Inventory impactsHarv Emissions (tC)

Year Type tC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Pine 100 50 10 10 10 10 10

1 SRF 100 50 50

1 Defor 100 100

Total 200 200 60 10 10 10 10

2 Old 60 10 10 10 10

2 Sawn 100 50 10 10 10 10 10

2 Pulp 100 50 50

Total 200 160 70 20 20 20 10

ConclusionsSimple Decay approach Described in 1996 Guidelines Satisfies Marrakesh principles Simple to apply (all Tiers) National reporting and accounting Scaleable Promotes sustainable forest management Promotes bioenergy

Management of products is separate issue