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Transcript of Appointment Keeping in Honey Bees: Molecular Clocks N. L. Naeger University of Illinois,...
Appointment Keeping in Honey Appointment Keeping in Honey Bees: Molecular ClocksBees: Molecular Clocks
N. L. NaegerN. L. NaegerUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
BeeSpace Workshop, 21 May 2009
What do bees What do bees have to do with have to do with
time and time and clocks?clocks?
What do bees What do bees have to do with have to do with
time and time and clocks?clocks?
1. Bees can keep appointments with flowers
2. Finding the molecular basis
3. Broad results
4. Two specific examples
Outline:
Natural HistoryNatural History Bees can learn to visit discreet resources Bees can learn to visit discreet resources
at specific times of dayat specific times of day Many plants have circadian rhythm of Many plants have circadian rhythm of
nectar, pollen, and scent productionnectar, pollen, and scent production– Plants have endogenous rhythmPlants have endogenous rhythm
Bees exhibit floral constancyBees exhibit floral constancy– Odor, color, and shapeOdor, color, and shape– TimeTime
Linnaeus' flower clockLinnaeus' flower clock
Goat’s beard:
3am
Chicory: 4:30am
Field Thistle: 6:00am
Hawkweed: 7:00am
Ice Plant: 10:00am
Cat’s Ear: 9:00am
Moore & Rankin (1983)
Time-training beesTime-training bees
Train a single colony to Train a single colony to visit different feeders at visit different feeders at different times of daydifferent times of day
Do this at a time of the Do this at a time of the year when bees will year when bees will specialize on a single good specialize on a single good food sourcefood source
Collect during anticipationCollect during anticipation Analyze:Analyze:
– Time of dayTime of day– Time of trainingTime of training– Active vs. inactiveActive vs. inactive
tAM
Time of collection
Tim
e of
tra
inin
g
cPMcAM
tPM
Active / anticipating
Active / anticipating
Inactive
Inactive
Time of collection:Time of collection: many genesmany genes– Circadian / rhythmic behaviorCircadian / rhythmic behavior– Cytoskeleton / cell adhesionCytoskeleton / cell adhesion– Fat metabolismFat metabolism
Time of training:Time of training: few genesfew genes– Signaling / ion transportSignaling / ion transport– Vesicle / secretory pathwaysVesicle / secretory pathways
Active vs. not:Active vs. not: many genesmany genes– Ribosome and translationRibosome and translation– Cation transportCation transport– Synapse / nerve communicationSynapse / nerve communication– Mitochondria / ATPMitochondria / ATP
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Oxford Univ.
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Image from Panda (2002)
It’s actually more complicated than that…..
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Oxford Univ.
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Morning trained bees exhibit clock gene expression patterns similar to bees freely fed
Afternoon trained bees
Morning trained bees
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Morning trained bees exhibit clock gene expression patterns similar to bees freely fed
Afternoon trained bees
Morning trained bees
Clock genes are affected by trainingClock genes are affected by training
Afternoon trained bees
Morning trained bees
Cycle A
Period
Reward CircuitryReward Circuitry
Dopamine and octopamine Dopamine and octopamine receptors are upregulated in receptors are upregulated in anticipating beesanticipating bees– Hypersensitization of the Hypersensitization of the
reward system in the brainreward system in the brain Previous studies suggest Previous studies suggest
links between reward and links between reward and circadian rhythmscircadian rhythms– Addictive drugs can cause Addictive drugs can cause
clock shiftsclock shifts– Reward seeking is often Reward seeking is often
circadiancircadian
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
Gene RobinsonGene Robinson Sandra Sandra
Rodriguez-ZasRodriguez-Zas Darrell MooreDarrell Moore
– Byron Van NestByron Van Nest– Jennifer JohnsonJennifer Johnson– Sam BoydSam Boyd
BeeSpaceBeeSpace